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HISTORIES 

OF 

TWO  HUNDRED  AND  FIFTY-ONE  DIVISIONS 

OF  THE  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH 

PARTICIPATED  IN  THE 

WAR  (1914-1918) 


COMPILED  FROM  RECORDS  OF  INTELLIGENCE 
SECTION  OF  THE  GENERAL  STAFF,  AMERICAN 
EXPEDITIONARY  FORCES,  AT  GENERAL  HEAD- 
QUARTERS    :    :     CHAUMONT,  FRANCE     :    :     1919 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

1920 


W^AIl    ]  )  K  PARTM  K  NT 

Document  No.  905 
Office  of  The  Adjuluiit  (Jcncrai 


ADDITIONAL  COPIES 

yy  THIS  I'unLiCAnoN  may  rk  pkocured  r.'toM 

TUE  SUPKKINTENDENT  OF  DOCUMENTS 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 

■WASHINGTON,  n.  C. 

AT 

W  CKNTS  J'KR  COPY 


CONTENTS. 


Introduction 7 

Alpine  Corps 8 

Bavarian  Cavalry  Division 12 

Bavarian  Ersatz  Division 13 

Jaeger  Division 16 

1st  Guard  Division 18 

1st  Guard  Reser\'e  Division 22 

Guard  Ersatz  Division 26 

Guard  Cavalry  Division 29 

1st  Division 30 

1st  Reserve  Division 33 

1st  Landwehr  Division 36 

1st  Bavarian  Di\dsion 39 

1st  Bavarian  Reserve  Di\ision .  .  42 

1st  Bavarian  Landwehr  Division.  45 

1st  Cavalry  Division 47 

1st  Naval  Di\dsion 48 

2d   Guard  Division 50 

2d   Guard  Reserve  Division 55 

2d    Division 59 

2d   Landwehr    Division 62 

2d    Bavarian  Division 64 

2d   Bavarian  Landwehr  Division .  68 

2d   Cavalry  Division 69 

2d    Naval  Di\'ision 70 

3d   Guard  Division 72 

3d    Di\'ision 76 

3d    Landwehr  Di\dsion 78 

3d   Bavarian  Division 80 

3d    Reserve  Division 83 

3d   Naval  Division 86 

4th  Guard  Division 88 

4th  Division 92 

4th  Ersatz  Division 96 

4th  Landwehr  Division 99 

4th  Bavarian  Division 101 

4th  Cavalry  Division ]  04 

5th  Guard  Division 105 

5th  Division 108 

5th  Reserve  Division 112 

5th  Ersatz  Division 115 

5th  Landwehr  Division 117 

5th  Bavarian  Division 120 

5th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division. . .  123 

5th  Cavalry  Division 126 


Page. 

6th  Division 127 

6th  Reserve  Division 131 

6th  Bav^arian  Division 134 

6th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division. . .  138 

6th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Division.  142 

6th  Cavalry  Division 144 

7th  Division 145 

7th  Reserve  Division 149 

7th  Landwehr  Division 153 

7th  Cavalry  Division 156 

8th  Division 157 

8th  Landwehr  Division 160 

8tli  Bavarian  Reserve  Division. . .  162 

8th  Cavalry  Division 166 

9th  Division 167 

9th  Reserve  Division 171 

9th  Landwehr  Division 174 

9th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division . . .  176 

9th  Cavalry  Division 179 

10th  Division 180 

10th  Reserve  Division 184 

10th  Ersatz  Division 188 

10th  Landwehr  Division 191 

10th  Bavarian  Division 194 

11th  Division 197 

11th  Reserve  Division 201 

11th  Landwehr  Division 204 

11th  Bav^arian  Division 206 

12th  Division 211 

12th  Reserve  Division 215 

12th  Landwehr  Division 219 

12th  Bavarian  Division 222 

13th  Division 225 

13th  Reserve  Division 229 

13th  Landwehr  Division 233 

14th  Division 236 

14  th  Reserv^e  Division 240 

14th  Landwehr  Division 244 

14th  Bavarian  Division 246 

15th  Division 249 

15th  Reserve  Division 254 

15th  Landwehr  Division 258 

15th  Bavarian  Division 260 

16th  Division 262 

16th  Reserve  Division 266 

3 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

IGth  Laudwehr  Dhdsion 271 

16th  Bavarian  Di\'ision 273 

17th  Du-ision 275 

17th  Reserve  Di\'ision 279 

17th  Landwehr  Di\dsion 283 

18th  Division 285 

ISth  Reserve  Division 289 

18th  Landwehr  DiA-ision 293 

19th  Di\-ision 295 

19th  Reserve  Di\-ision. 299 

19th  Ersatz  DiWsion 303 

19th  Landwehr  Division 30G 

20th  Division 308 

20th  Landwehr  Dixdsion 312 

21st  Division 314 

21st  Reserve  Division 318 

21  st  Landwehr  Division 322 

22d   Di\'ision 324 

22d    ReserA^e  Di\'ision 327 

22d   Landwehr  Division 332 

23d    Di\-ision 333 

23d   Reserve  Division 337 

23d   Landwehr  Division 341 

24th  Di\'ision 343 

24th  Reserve  Di\dsion 347 

24th  Landwehr  Dixdsion 350 

25th  Division 351 

25th  Reserve  Division 355 

25th  Landwehr  Di\dsion 359 

2Gth  DiA-ision 361 

26th  Reserve  Division 365 

26th  Landwehr  Di^asion 369 

27th  Division 370 

28th  DiAdsion 374 

28th  Reserve  Division 378 

29th  Division 382 

29th  T>andwehr  Division 386 

30th  Division 388 

30th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division...  392 

31st  Division 395 

32d    Division 399 

33d    DiA-ision 402 

33d    ReserA^e  DiAdsion 405 

34th  Division 409 

35th  Di\dsion 413 

35th  Reserve  Division 416 

36th  Division 418 

36th  Reserve  Di\dsion 422 

37th  Dixdsion 425 

38th  Division 429 

38th  Landwehr  Division 433 

39th  Division 436 

39lh  Bavarian  Reserve  Division...  440 


40th  Di\d8ion 442 

41st  Divdsion.. 446 

42d    Division 451 

43d   ReserA'e  Division 454 

44  th  ReserA'C  Division 458 

44th  Landwehr  Division 462 

45th  Reserve  Division 464 

45th  Landwehr  Division 468 

46th  Reserve  Division 469 

46th  Landwehr  DiAdsion 473 

47th  Reserve  Division 474 

47th  Landwehr  Division 477 

48th  RcserA-e  Division 479 

48th  Landwehr  Division 483 

49th  Reserve  Division 485 

50th  DiA  ision 489 

50th  Reserve  Division 493 

51st  Reserve  DiAdsion 497 

52d    DiAdsion 500 

52d   ReserAe  DiA-ision 504 

53d   Reserv^e  Division 507 

54th  Division 511 

54th  Reserve  Dixdsion 514 

56th  DiAdsion 517 

58th  Di\dsion 521 

75th  Reserve  Dixdsion 525 

76th  Reserve  Di\dsion 528 

77th  Reserve  Division 531 

7Sth  Reserve  Division 534 

7nth  Reserve  Division 537 

80th  Reserve  Di\dsion 541 

81st  Reserve  Division 544 

82d   Reserve  Division 547 

83d    Division 550 

84th  Division 554 

85th  Landwehr  Division 558 

86th  Division 560 

87th  Division 563 

8Sth  Division 566 

89th  Division 569 

91  st  Dixdsion 571 

92d    Division 573 

93d   Division 575 

94th  Di\dsion 577 

95th  Division 579 

96th  Division 580 

101st  Division 582 

103d    Division 584 

105th  Division 5S9 

107th  Division 592 

lOSth  DiA-ision 595 

109th  Division 598 

111th  Division 600 


CONTENTS. 


113th  Di^^sion 603 

llSth  Division 606 

117th  Division 609 

119th  Di\-ision 612 

121st  Division 616 

123d    DiA-ision 620 

183d    Division 623 

185th  Di\-ision 627 

lS7th  Division 630 

192d   Division 633 

195th  Di^•ision 636 

197th  Di\asion 639 

199th  Division 642 

200th  Division 645 

201st  Division 648 

202d    Division 651 

203d    Division 654 

204th  DiA-ision 657 

205th  Di\-ision 660 

206th  Division 0G2 

207th  Division 665 

20Sth  Division 668 

211th  Di\-ision 671 

212th  Di\-ision 674 

213th  Division 676 

214th  Division 679 

215th  Division 682 

21Gth  Division 684 


Page. 

217th  Di\'ision 687 

218th  Division 689 

219th  Di\-ision 691 

220th  Division 693 

221st  Division 696 

222d    Division 699 

223d    Division 702 

224th  Division 705 

225th  Division 707 

226th  Di\ision 710 

227th  Di\isiou 712 

228th  Division 715 

231st  Division 717 

232d   Di\asion 719 

233d    Division 721 

234th  Division 723 

235th  Division 725 

236th  Division 727 

237th  Division 729 

238th  Division 731 

239th  Division 733 

240th  DiAdsion 735 

241st  Di\'ision 737 

242d    Division 739 

243d    Division 741 

255th  Di\dsion 744 

301st  Division 746 

302d    Division 748 


INTRODUCTION. 

The  following  pages  contain  the  record  of  the  organization  and  service  of  the  251 
divisions  of  the  German  Army  duiing  the  years  1914,  1915,  1916,  1917,  and  1918,  or 
during  as  many  of  these  years  as  they  existed — for  a  number  of  them  were  created 
after  the  war  had  started.  The  record  of  each  has  been  known  as  a  "di\asional 
history." 

The  history  of  an  enemy  division  is  a  summary  of  all  the  information  ol)tained 
from  all  sources.  It  includes  the  latest  composition — that  is,  the  regiments  and 
other  units  that  make  up  the  division;  a  record  of  its  past  engagements;  its  recruit- 
ment and  racial  features;  commanders;  present  strength;  and  morale.  On  a  basis  of 
these  factors  the  division's  fighting  quality  is  rated  on  a  standard  of  classes  adopted 
by  General  Headquarters  and  noted  in  the  history.  The  data  is  collected  and  filed 
daily  at  various  troop  headquarters  and  eventually  in  the  Enemy  Order  of  Battle 
subsection  of  the  General  Staff,  Intelligence  Section  at  the  General  Headquarters. 
The  information  comes  chiefly  fi'om  the  front-line  troops,  resulting  from  their  observa- 
tion, reconnaissance,  and  the  interrogation  of  the  prisoners  they  take.  This  e^ddence 
is  often  fragmentary  and  inconclusive,  being  gathered  as  more  or  less  disassociated 
items,  here  and  there  along  the  whole  front.  But  when  it  is  consolidated  and  collated 
it  becomes  of  great  value  and  warrants  deductions  which  may  be  depended  upon. 

Prisoners'  statements  and  captured  documents  are  the  som-ce  of  almost  all  the 
information  contained  in  a  divisional  history.  The  outline  of  the  past  engagements 
of  a  division  is  known  from  the  Battle-Order  records.  Prisoners  add  to  this  specific 
account  of  successes,  citations,  failures,  internal  disturbance,  etc.  The  divisional 
composition  is  established  by  prisoners,  and  in  the  case  of  the  smaller  divisional  units 
from  addresses  on  captured  letters.  The  effective  strength  is  deduced  from  prisoners' 
stories  of  recent  losses  incurred  and  drafts  of  new  men  arri^•ing.  In  estimating  the 
quality  of  a  division  the  Intelligence  Section  considers  principally  the  conditions 
under  which  the  enemy  command  has  used  it  in  previous  military  operations. 

All  this  information  is  kept  posted  up  *o  date  so  that  a  history  of  present  value 
can  be  written  without  delay  and  dispatched  to  our  front-line  troops  opposite  whom  a 
new  or  additional  enemy  unit  has  appeared  or  is  about  to  appear. 

The  use  to  our  troops  of  these  histories  is  obvious.  Much  of  the  information  con- 
tained is  of  direct  value  to  our  commanders.  The  strength,  morale,  and  fighting 
qualities  of  the  opposing  di\'isions  are,  of  coiu"se,  an  important  factor  in  our  plans 
and  operations.  Other  items,  such  as  the  names  of  the  enemy  commanders,  assist 
the  examining  officer  in  checking  the  veracity  and  accuracy  of  prisoners'  statements. 
It  has  been  often  oliserved  that  the  more  the  intelligence  officer  knows  or  appears  to 
know  of  the  prisoner's  organization  the  better  results  he  olitains  from  his  questions. 
The  uses  to  which  information  of  the  enemy  may  he  put  have  proved  so  various  and 
unexpected  that  the  principle  is  established  that  no  fact  about  the  enemy  is  too 
unimportant  to  he  recorded. 

In  preparing  this  set  of  Histories  of  German  Di^^sions  the  histories  publislie<i  by 
French  General  Headquarters  have  been  used  fur  the  years  prior  to  1918.  For  the  last 
year  of  the  war  the  histories  were  written  l)y  the  Second  Section  of  the  General  Staff, 
General  Headquarters,  A.  E.  F.,  from  the  American  records.  These  included  all 
information  fi'om  American  sources  and  also  that  which  was  received  froni  Allied 


DIVISIOlSrs  OF  GERMAN^  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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10       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

1915. 
The  Alpine  Corps  was  formed  in  ^^ay,  1915. 
Italy. 

1.  At  the  end  of  May,  1915,  it  was  sent  by  way  of  Innsbruck  to  the  Trentino,  where 
it  remained  until  October  16  (vicinity  of  Campitello).  It  took  i>art  in  several  smaller 
actions  (particularly  on  Sept.  24). 

France. 

2.  On  October  17  it  left  Bozen  and  went  to  France  by  way  of  Innsbruck,  Xeu- 
Ulm,  Stuttgart,  Deux-Ponts,  and  detrained  at  Laonnois  on  the  Mezieres-Rethel  line 
on  October  19. 

3.  It  remained  in  this  area  until  October  25.  At  that  time  it  waa  transferred  to 
Serbia  by  way  of  Mezieres,  Germershein,  Augsburg,  Munich,  Vienna,  Budapest, 
Temesvar.     It  detrained  at  Weissldrchen  on  October  29. 

Serbia. 

4.  The  Alpine  Corps  advanced  in  Serbia  by  way  of  Kragujevac  and  Kraljevo  as 
far  as  Nov-ipasar  (near  the  ^Montenegrin  frontier);  from  that  place  to  Mitro\ica.  Ele- 
ments of  the  Alpine  Corps  remained  south  of  Uskul)  until  the  end  of  March,  1910. 

1916. 
France. 

1.  On  March  21,  1916,  the  Alpine  Corps  was  taken  to  Hungary  by  way  of  Belgrade, 
and  then  to  France.  Itinerary:  Budapest,  Breslau,  Dresden,  Leipzig,  Cologne, 
Aix-la-Chapelle,  Liege,  Charle\-ille. 

2.  It  went  into  line  on  the  front  ea.st  of  Rheims  (the  Leib  Regiment  at  Cernay)  on 
April  1 . 

Verdun. 

3.  Relieved  at  tlie  l^eginning  of  May,  it  went  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Charleville. 
About  ^lay  30  it  went  to  the  Spincourt  area  by  way  of  Sedan.  At  the  beginning  of 
June  it  went  into  action  at  Verdun  north  of  the  Vaux  Fort,  northeast  of  Fleury,  and 
took  part  in  the  attacks  launched  in  this  sector  during  the  month  of  June  (attack 
of  June  23  upon  Thiaumont). 

4.  After  reorganization,  at  the  end  of  June  or  the  lieginning  of  July,  the  Alpine 
Corps  came  back  into  line  near  Flemy  on  July  11. 

Argonxe. 

5.  After  having  lost  71  per  cent  of  its  Infantry  in  the  various  attacks  at  Verdun, 
the  Alpine  Corps  wa.s  withdrawn  on  August  12  and  took  over  the  sector  Fontaine- 
aux-Charmes-Vauquois,  in  the  Argonne.  The  3d  Jaegor  Regiment  was  taken  from 
it  and  entered  into  the  composition  of  the  200tli  Division  (Carpathian  Corps). 

0.  In  the  first  half  of  September  the  Alpine  Corps  left  the  Argonne  and  entrained 
for  Roumania. 

ROUMANIA. 

7.  At  the  end  of  September  it  went  into  action  in  the  vicinity  of  Hermannstadt, 
then  in  the  v-icinity  of  Bra.sso.  On  December  10  it  reached  Ploe'sci;  it  was  at  Rimnicu- 
Sarat  on  tlie  24tli.  Upon  tlie  stablization  of  the  Roumanian  front  it  oc(>upiod  the 
front  of  Panciu-Forsani.  During  the  active  period  in  Roumania  the  Leib  Regiment 
lost  heavily. 

1917. 

1.  Relieved  northwest  of  Focsani  on  April  6,  1917,  the  Alpine  Corps  was  sent  to 
Hungary,  in  the  vicinity  of  Karlsburg.  After  a  rest  of  three  weeks  it  was  transferred 
to  the  western  front.  Itinerary:  Karlsburg  (May  10),  Szegdin,  Budapest,  Vienna, 
Salzburg,  Rosenheim,  Munich,  Strassburg,  Colmar,  Neu-Breisach. 

Upper  Alsace. 

2.  On  June  15  it  went  into  line  on  the  Alsatian  front  (Rhone-Rhine  Canal,  Aspacb). 

3.  On  July  20  it  was  withdrawn  from  tlie  front  and  sent  to  rest. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAlSr  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.        11 

ROUMANIA. 

4.  At  the  beginning?  of  August  it  was  again  sent  to  Roumania.  It  took  over  its  old 
sector  near  Focsani  and  received  the  Russo-Roumanian  attacks  launched  between 
Briala  and  Panciu. 

Italy. 

5.  In  September  it  was  sent  to  the  Italian  front. 

IZONZO. 

G.  On  October  24  it  attacked  on  both  sides  of  the  Tolmino  and  took  possession  of 
Mont  Cucco  on  the  25th.     It  rested  in  November. 
Monte  Tomba. 

7.  On  November  25  it  was  engaged  at  ^[onte  Tomba,  and  on  December  12  on  the 
slopes  of  Monfenera,  with  the  exception  of  the  1st  Jaeger  Regiment,  which  was  in 
reserve. 

8.  Relieved  between  December  1 5  and  December  20,  it  remained  ])ehind  tlie  lines 
until  the  middle  of  January,  1918. 

KKCRUITIXG. 

The  Leil)  Regiment  and  the  1st  Regiment  of  Jaegers  are  Bavarian,  recruited  prin- 
cipally from  upper  Bavaria.     The  2d  Regiment  of  Jaegers  is  purely  Prussian. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  discipline  and  firmness  of  the  commanding  officers  make  the  Alpine  Corps  an 
elite  body,  of  a  genuine  com1)at  value. 

191 S. 
Lorraine. 

1.  In  January  the  Alpine  Corps  entrained  for  Alsace  (itinerary  Salzburg,  Munich, 
Ulm,  Friburg,  Saverne);  then  went  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Sarrel^urg. 

2.  It  remained  here  undergoing  training  until  the  1 0th  of  April. 

3.  It  was  sent  to  Flanders,  Ada  Metz,  Sedan,  Namur,  and  detrained  near  Lille  on 
the  12th. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

4.  The  division  was  engaged  northeast  of  Bailleul  from  the  14th  to  the  ISth.  It 
then  rested  east  of  Lille  until  the  23d.  It  reentered  the  line  on  the  Kemmel-Locre 
front,  where  it  remained  until  about  the  10th  of  May,  when  it  was  withdrawn,  after 
having  suffered  lieaAy  losses. 

5.  It  moved  then  to  the  Ghent  region,  where  it  rested  until  the  end  of  July.  It 
then  rested  near  Tourcoing  until  the  8th  of  August.  It  entrained  at  Tourcoing  and 
Tournai  on  the  8th  and  went  to  St.  Quentin  Ada  Ham. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

G.  The  di\dsion  entered  line  in  the  Ilallu-Fransart-IIattencourt  sector  north  of 
Royeon  the  11  th.  On  the  27th  it  fell  back  along  the  Somme  Canal  near  Bethencourt. 
It  was  witlidrawn  from  line  tlie  beginning  of  September. 

7.  It  came  back  to  line  almost  immediately  north  of  Peronne  in  the  ^loislain  sector; 
on  the  7th  it  was  thrown  back  upon  Longavesnes-Epehy-Villers-Cuislain,  where  it 
was  withdrawn  on  ,^he  23d,  after  losing  heavdly  (SGI  prisoners). 

8.  Elements  of  the  Alpine  Corps  were  identified  at  Walincourt  in  rear  of  tlie  front 
on  October  10. 

Balkans. 

9.  Sent  to  the  eastern  front,  tlie  Alpine  Corps  reinforced  the  troops  in  the  Balkans 
near  Nish  in  October. 

vauie — 191S  estimate. 

The  Alpine  Corps  was  considered  one  of  the  best  German  unit^.  It  showed  its 
worth  by  retaking  the  village  of  llallu  on  the  11th  of  August,  and  while  counter- 
attacking at  Moislains  on  the  2d  of  September.  Nevertheless,  the  morale  was  lowered. 
The  Alpine  Corps  com])rised  about  3,500  Infantry  combatants  early  in  August.  It 
lost  about  700  prisoners  in  August  and  September. 


I'J        MVISIONS  OF  GKRMAN  ARMY  NVIIICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Bavarian    Cavalry   Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


lOIS 

■Rrigailp. 

Regiment. 

CaxTilry 

1  Bav.  Cay. 

4  Bav.  ("av. 

5  n^v.  f'nv. 

1  Heavy  Reifer. 

1  Hav.  trian. 

2  Bav.  Ulan. 

1  Bav.  Light  Tav. 
6  Bav.  Light  Cav. 

Artillerj'  

5  Bav.  Horse  Art.  Abt. 

Pion.  Drtch. 

1  Hav.  Al.  <!.  Btrr. 
30()  Bav.  T.  M.  Co. 

Attached 

Glatz  T.amlst.  Inf.  B^n.  CVim. 

HISTORY, 


ims. 


1.  The  iiniUsof  tliLs  division  were  usotl  on  police  duty  in  tlie  Uki'aine  and  in  Rou- 
maoia  in  the  spring  of  1918.  A  part  of  tlie  di\dsion  was  serving  in  the  Crimea  in  the 
early  siimnior.     It  ronliniiod  in  that  general  area  Ihrough  the  year. 


Thodivision  was  rated  as  fourth  clafis. 


DIVISIONS  OE  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


13 


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14       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 
1914. 

The  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division  consisted,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  of  the  three 
mixed  Bavarian  Ersatz  ))rigades,  Nos.  ],  5,  9  (12  battalions),  which  detrained  on 
August  17  and  18  in  the  region  of  Schelestadt.  But  afterwards  this  designation 
indicated  a  composite  divisit)n  (Benzino  Division)  formed  from  the  3d  Bavarian 
Reserve  Brigade  and  the  59th  Landwehr  Brigade  (28th  Ersatz,  Baden)  and  the  120th 
Landwehr  Regiment  (Wurttemberg). 

VOSGES. 

1.  The  Benzino  Div^ision  was  first  engaged  iu  tlic  NOsges  (St.  Marie  Ridge,  St.  Die, 
Laveline)  until  September. 

Haye. 

2.  After  a  rest  in  the  Valley  of  the  Bruche,  it  entrained  at  the  end  of  September  for 
Mars-la-Toiu"  and  reinforced  the  3d  Bavarian  Corps  in  the  St.  Mihiel  area. 

1915. 

WOEVRE. 

1.  The  Benzino  Division  occupied  the  area  east  of  St.  Mihiel  (Spada  to  Apremont) 
diu-ing  the  entire  year  1915.  In  November  it  took  the  name  of  Bavarian  Ersatz 
Division. 

2.  The  division  rested  in  Lorraine  fn^m  December,  1915,  to  the  end  of  February,  1916. 

1916. 

At  the  beginning  of  February,  191G,  the  120tli  Landwehr  Regiment  was  repla  :ed  by 
a  Prussian  Regiment,  the  81st  Landwehr. 

WoEVRE. 

1.  On  February  28,  1916,  the  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division  took  over  the  sector  of 
Fresnes-en-Woevre-Ronvaux.  It  remained  there  until  the  end  of  October,  1916. 
On  Octt)ber  17,  the  4th  Bavarian  Reserve  Regiment  left  the  di\-ision  temporarily  to 
go  to  Galicia,  to  the  199th  Di\'ision,  and  came  l)ack  in  Nt)vember. 

SOMME. 

2.  From  October  25  to  November  15  the  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  the  Somme  east  of  Gueudecourt,  Avith  the  exception  of  the  81st  Landwehr, 
which  was  definitely  detached  from  the  division. 

3.  Transferred  to  the  iVisne,  it  went  into  line  in  the  vicinity  of  Craonne  at  the  end 
oi  November. 

1917. 

AlSNE. 

1.  On  the  Aisne  front,  east  of  Craonne,  the  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division  received  the 
French  offensive  of  .\pril,  and  its  conduct  gained  tlie  order  "Pour  le  Merite"  for  its 
general. 

2.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  April,  it  occupied  a  secUjr  iu  the  Apremont  Wood  from 
the  middle  of  May  to  the  end  of  August. 

Ypre.s. 

3.  On  Septemljer  1  it  was  in  Belgium,  where  it  was  engaged  on  both  sides  of  the 
Ypres-Menin  road  until  September  25.  The  3d  Battalion  of  the  4th  Bavarian  Reserve 
Regiment  was  almost  destroyed  on  September  20. 

Galicia. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  division  was  transferred  tt)  the  eastern  front  and 
sent  into  line  southeast  of  Tamopol  in  December. 

5.  At  the  end  of  autumn  1917,  the  2Sth  Ersatz  Regiment  (Baden)  Avas  withdrawn 
from  the  division  and  replaced  by  the  18th  Ikn'arian  Reser\e.  The  division  was 
then  entirely  Bavarian. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       15 

RECRUITING. 

The  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division  is  recruited  from  tlie  1st  and  L'd  Bavarian  Corps 
ilistricts. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division  is  a  Acry  mediocre  division. 

1918. 
\'erdun. 

1.  The  division  lield  the  <|uiet  ^^erdun  scttur  untilJuly  12,  when  it  was  relieved  l)y 
the  2;^lst  Division. 

\'eslk. 

2.  It  was  moved  to  tlie  \'esle  front  aiul  on  July  25  relieved  the  40th  Division  near 
Oulchy-le-Chateau.  It  remained  in  tlus  sector  until  August  12,  when  it  was  ^dth- 
drawn  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Meubeuge. 

Champagne. 

3.  On  Septcml)er  1  it  proceeded  to  Mauchault  and  durinj  the  first  days  of  September 
relie\ed  the  88th  Division  in  line  near  Perthes.  It  Avas  in  the  fighting  between  Sep- 
tcml>er  2.}  and  Oct<jl)er  3  in  Champagne,  losin;,'  a!)out  2,000  men  in  that  engagement. 

4.  The  diAdsioii  was  so  reduced  in  strength  that  it  was  dissoh/ed  shortly  after  its 
ri'tirement  from  line  in  October.  •  The  18th  Bavarian  Reserve  Regiment  was  dissolved 
and  the  men  drafted  to  the  15th  Bavarian  Division.  The  15th  Bavarian  Reserve 
Regiment  was  also  dissolved. 

VALUE I'JIS    estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  used  only  in  defensive  sectors  during 
1918. 


16       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR,        17 

HISTORY. 

1<)17. 

The  Jaeger  Division  appears  tu  have  been  formed  aljout  November,  ]9]7. 
In  November  and  December  the  Division  was  engaged  on  the  Italian  front  at 
Monte-Tomba.     Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  Jannary,  1918,  it  was  sent  to  rest. 

VALUK 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  Jaeger  Division  is  a  ^'ery  good  Dixision. 

1018. 

1.  The  division  again  entrained  i\Iarch  20  and  was  transported  to  the  area  north- 
east of  St.  Quentin  by  way  of  Strasbourg,  Treves,  Cologne,  Liege,  Namur,  Charleroi, 
Maubeuge,  Bohain.  From  there  it  marched  to  the  region  south  of  Chaulnea  and 
rested  three  weeks. 

SOMME. 

2.  It  was  in  line  in  the  Villers-Bretonneux  sector  from  April  27  to  May  19-20.  After 
its  withdrawal  from  line  it  rested  southwest  of  Guise  (Bernot,  Ilauteville)  from  25th 
to  30th.  The  division  marched  toward  the  front  by  Ham  (May  30)  and  arrived  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Lassigny  on  June  7-8. 

OlSE. 

3.  The  division  was  engaged  near  Lassigny  ( Le  Plessier)  on  June  9  and  ad\anced 
as  far  as  Elincourt.     It  was  relieved  about  mid-June. 

4.  It  rested  between  St.  Quentin  and  Guise  for  a  time,  and  was  then  railed  to 
Alsace  (near  Mulhausen),  where  it  rested  during  four  weeks.  It  entrained  at  Mul- 
hausen  about  July  24-27  and  was  moved  to  Liesse  (northeast  of  Laon)  on  July  30. 
From  there  it  marched  toward  the  front  north  of  Soissons. 

Second  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

5.  The  division  was  engaged  at  Soissons  and  Pommiers,  then  at  Bieuxy-Juvigny, 
from  August  2  to  28.  It  rested  for  two  weeks  and  returned  to  line  at  Gouzaucourt 
on  September  12.  Between  September  27-30  it  was  forced  to  fall  back  on  La  Vac- 
(juerie  and  Gonnelieu.  It  was  relieved  at  the  end  of  the  month  after  suffering  very 
heavy  losses. 

Cambre.sis. 

6.  On  October  6-7  the  di\dsion  was  reengaged  south  of  Cambrai  (Walincourt).  It 
fell  back  on  Briastre  by  Caudry  and  on  the  loth  retired  from  the  front.  It  rested 
from  Octol)er  15  to  22.  On  the  12th  the  division  is  known  to  have  received  a  rein- 
forcement of  GOO  men. 

7.  It  was  engaged  ;  uthwest  of  Le  Quesnoy  from  October  22  to  November  1,  losing 
numerous  jirisoners  on  the  24th.  After  a  short  rest  it  was  again  in  line  at  Etreux 
and  south  of  Le  Quesnoy  on  November  4-5.  It  retreated  by  Pont-sux-Sambre  on 
November  G. 

VALUE 1918    E.STIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.     It  was  used  as  an  attack  division  in  the 
Matz  offensive,  but  in  general  the  division  was  used  to  repla(!e  assault  divisions  and 
liold  an  important  sector. 
125G51°— 20 2 


]8       DIVISIONS  OF  GiillMAN  ARMY  WHK^H  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAltTlLUPATED  IN  WAll.       19 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1.  Detrained  on  the  11th  aud  12th  of  August  iu  "'Prussian  Wallonia, "  at  Weismea 
and  neighboring  stations.  Entered  Belgium  August  13,  via  Stavelot;  crossed  the 
Meuse  at  Iluy  on  the  ISth.  The  23d  it  fought  at  Fosse  and  St.  Gerard,  after  having 
crossed  the  Sambre  at  Jemmapes.  Fought  at  Fournaux  on  the  24th.  Was  engaged, 
August  29,  between  Guise  and  VerA-ins  (le  Sourd,  Leme). 

Marne. 

2.  It  fought  next  on  the  Marne  (St.  Gond  marsh). 

3.  It  was  in  .Vrtois  near  Hebuterne  the  end  of  September. 
Flanders. 

4.  In  November  the  1st  Bde.  was  in  Flanders  (Gheluvelt );  the  2d  Bde.  remained  at 
Hebuterne.  From  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  until  January  19,  1915,  the  3d  Ft. 
Gd.  Regt.  suffered  casualties  of  49  officers  and  2,707  men. 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  beginning  of  January  the  1st  Bde.  went  from  Gheluvelt  to  Champagne. 

2.  The  beginning  of  February  the  2d  Bde.  rejoined  the  1st. 

3.  In  March  ttie  di\asion  went  to  Alsace,  where  the  whole  Guard  Corps  was  brought 
together  again. 

Russia. 

4.  In  April  the  di\Tsion  went  to  Russia  (Galicia),  detraining  at  Bochnia  the  22d. 

5.  It  fought  at  Tamow  and  Krasnoslaw,  skirted  Brest-Litowsk,  and  pushed  on  to 
Ivrobin.  The  losses  of  the  3d  Ft.  Gd.  Regt.  in  Russia  (May  15-Aug.  31)  were  17  officers 
and  2,116  men.     The  1st  Ft.  Gd.  Regt.  lost  53  officers  and  3,005  men. 

France. 

6.  Brought  back  by  stages  to  Warsaw;  entrained  about  the  15th  of  September  for 
the  western  front.  Itinerary:  Thorn,  Posen,  Frankfort-on-the-Oder,  Berlin,  Cassel, 
Giessen,  Coblentz,  Treves,  Luxemburg,  Namur,  Charleroi. 

Artois. 

7.  Reassembled  at  Charleroi,  the  division  was  alerted  September  2.5,  and  engaged 
on  the  Artois  front  (Folie).  Losses  of  the  ]st  Ft.  Gd.  Regt.  in  the  fighting  of  the  end 
of  September  amounted  to  1.522. 

8.  Relieved  October  20,  it  took  over  the  Lassigny-Beuvraigues  sector. 

191G. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  calm  Lassigny  sector  until  July  20,  191G. 

2.  After  some  days  rest  in  the  neighborhood  of  Nesles,  the  di^'ision  went  by  stages 
to  the  Peronne  region,  where  it  was  put  in  reserve. 

SOMME. 

3.  August  15  it  relieved,  in  the  course  of  the  battle  of  the  Somme,  what  was  left  of 
the  1st  Bavarian  Reserve  Di\asion. 

4.  The  di^^sion  lost  heavily  (5,000  men,  only  300  of  whom  were  piisoners)  during 
the  attacks  of  the  19th  and  20th  of  August  and  at  the  time  of  the  costly  dofenso  of 
Clery  (Sept.  3),  and  therefore  it  was  relieved. 

5.  Reassembled  in  the  Catelet  region,  and  having  received  reenforcemcnts,  il  went 
back  into  line  south  of  the  Somme,  in  the  Biaches-Barleux  sector.  Its  losses  there 
were  considerably  less. 


20       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  tho  Biaches-Barleux  pcctor  the  end  of  Jaimary. 

2.  It  reformed,  went  through  a  course  of  training,  and  then  proceeded  to  the  (luis- 
card  region.  During  Fe})ruary,  1017,  it  received  500  reenforcements  (1017  class,  re- 
cuperated menV  In  March  its  depot  was  empty  (all  the  men  having  been  sent  to  the 
di^'ision). 

3.  The  beginning  of  April  tlie  division  reassemljled  in  llie  yLssoiine  region. 
Chemin  de  Dames. 

4.  As  early  as  April  12,  before  the  French  attack  on  the  ALsne  front,  it  was  alerted. 
April  17  it  was  engaged  in  the  Ailles-IIurtebise  sector.  There  it  went  through  the 
attack  of  May  5.     (Losses,  2,500  to  3,000  men  for  the  whole  division,  only  111  prisoners.) 

5.  Relieved  a  few  days  later,  it  took  over  a  sector  in  the  Argoune  (Grand  Courte- 
Chaussee),  where  it  remained  the  month  of  June. 

Russia. 

6.  On  July  4  it  left  for  Russia.  (Itinerary:  Namur,  Liege,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Dues- 
seldorf,  Minden,  Hanover,  Berlin,  Frankfort-on-the-Oder,  Posen,  Lodz,  Brest- 
Litowsk,  Kovel,  Lemberg,  Ozidow;  it  detrained  July  9.) 

7.  The  division  participated  in  the  counterattack  against  the  Russians,  and  later  in 
the  attack  of  Riga. 

France. 

It  was  brought  back  to  France  in  the  middle  of  October.  (Entrained  at  Riga  Oct. 
16.  Itinerary:  Koenigsberg,  Posen,  Halle,  Cassel,  Coblentz,  Sedan,  Novion-Porcien; 
detrained  near  Rethel,  Oct.  21.) 

9.  The  division  took  over  the  Marquise  sector  in  Champagne  the  end  of  October. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  1st  Guard  Division  may  be  considered  one  of  the  vciy  best  German  divisions. 
Excellent  conduct  under  fire. 

It  displayed  on  the  Aisne  as  well  as  on  the  Somnie  energy  and  determination  while 
on  the  defensive. 

Among  its  heavy  losses  there  was  an  exceedingly  small  number  of  prisoners. 

Again  on  the  Aisne  (April-May,  1917),  it  displayed  remarkable  military  qualities. 

It  received  important  reenforcements  of  the  younger  classes  (15-10-17),  30  ])cr  cent 
from  the  class  of  1917. 

Its  normal  value  was  reduced  temporarily  on  account  of  the  arrival  of  elements 
which  had  never  been  under  lire  (June,  1917). 

Prisoners  taken  in  the  Argonne  (June,  1917)  seemed  less  keen  for  lighting. 

1918. 
France. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  until  the  21st  of  January. 

It  was  withdrawn  at  that  date  and  put  through  a  course  of  training  in  o]ien  warfare 
until  March  1,  when  it  entered  line  east  of  Reims  (relieving  203d  Division),  remaining 
in  until  the  15th  in  order  to  become  familiar  with  the  terrain. 

SOMME. 

3.  It  remained  in  close  Buj)port  north  of  Mont<li<lier,  and  iinally  entered  line  ^larch 
28  near  Hangest-en-Santerre,  lighting  until  April  5,  and  giving  a  good  account  of 
itself. 

Chimay. 

4.  The  division  went  through  another  course  of  training  in  the  Chimay  area  until 
May  27. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       2  1 

AlSNK. 

5.  The  division  entered  line  in  the  Grivesnes  sector.  It  fought  very  well  in  this 
the  Aisne  offensive,  immediately  after  which  its  commander,  Prince  Eitel  Friedrich, 
was  promoted  from  colonel  to  major  general,  but  suffered  exceedingly  heavy  losses. 
It  was  withdrawn  June  7,  going  to  rest  in  the  C'harleroi  region,  where  it  remained 
untilJuly  IT.. 

Marne. 

6.  It  entered  line  on  that  date  east  of  Dormans,  and  despite  stubborn  resistance  by 
the  French  succeeded  in  making  some  headway.  July  22-23  it  moved  slightly  to  the 
west,  relieving  the  fith  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  near  Passy-sur-Marne.  It  moved 
back,  gi^'ing  ground  to  the  Allied  counter  offensive,  and  was  finally  withdrawn  from 
line  north  of  Fere-en-Tardenois  August  5. 

Crecy-au-Mont. 

7.  The  di\dsion  rested  then  until  August  25  in  the  vicinity  of  Rethel,  and  then  came 
into  line  near  Crecy-au-Mont  and  fought  until  September  6. 

Argonne. 

8.  September  20  the  division  moved  eastward  and  relieved  the  53d  Reser^•e  Division 
in  the  Yarennes  sector,  where  it  was  when  (Sept.  2G)  it  was  swamped  by  the  opening 
of  the  American  Meuso- Argonne  offensive.  It  did  not  resist  as  strongly  as  it  might 
have,  and  so  the  5th  Guard  Division  moved  to  its  support.  Withdrawn  on  the  29th, 
it,  in  tiu-n,  returned  October  3  to  support  the  5th  Guard.  It  was  finally  withdrawn 
on  the  8th  after  it  had  most  of  its  battalions  reduced  to  one  company.  It  left  1,788 
prisoners  in  our  hands;  its  total  losses  probably  being  al)out  4,000. 

Champac.ne. 

The  di\-ision  was  identified  in  line  farther  to  the  west  October  14  at  Olizy,  and  near 
Chestres  on  the  21st.  It  remained  in  line  in  this  region  contesting  the  French  advance 
until  the  Armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

Throughout  the  war  the  division  was  rated  as  one  of  the  very  best  German  shock 
divisions.  During  the  last  year  it  fought  a  great  deal  and,  until  the  last  stages,  very 
well.  It  suffered  severe  losses,  and  finally,  due  to  the  lack  of  effectives,  it  was  found 
impossible  to  refill  its  depleted  ranks;  its  morale  deteriorated  and  it  did  not  fight  well. 


22       DTVTSIOXS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       23 

HISTORY. 

ini4. 
Belgium. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Avar  the  1st  Guard  RoserA-e  r)i\dsion  forming,  together 
with  the  3d  Guard  r>i\dsion,  the  Guard  Reserve  Coips  swept  into  Belgium — as  part 
of  the  2d  Army  under  von  Buelow — the  IGth  of  August,  crossed  the  Meuse  at  Ardenne 
(massacres)  the  20th,  and  pushed  on  as  far  as  Namiu*.  On  the  29th  the  two  diAOsions 
(Guard  ReserA^e  Corps)  were  brought  Ijack  to  Aix-la-Chapelle,  and  left  for  east  Prussia 
September  1. 

Poland. 

2.  The  beginning  of  October  the  Guard  Reserve  Gorjjs,  attached  to  the  Southern 
7\.rmy  Group,  took  part  in  the  invasion  of  the  southern  part  of  Poland,  fought  at 
Opatow  (Oct.  4),  and  suffered  severe  losses  at  T>od/,  AA'hile  retreating  from  the  Russian 
armies. 

3.  During  the  Avinter  of  1914-15  it  fought  on  the  Bzura. 

1915. 

Poland. 

1.  In  February,  1915,  the  Guard  Reserve  Corps  was  split  up.  The  1st  Guard 
Reserve  Division  was  sent  to  the  north  of  the  "\'istula,  in  the  ^Mlawa-Prasnysz  region. 
By  the  6th  of  [March  the  1st  Guard  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  had  already  had  its 
thirty- ninth    engagement    there    (letter). 

2.  In  [March  the  93d  Reser\-e  Regiment  was  attached  to  the  4th  Guard  Di\'ision 
(new).     During  the  summer  of  1015  the  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division  was  engaged 
in  the  operations  to  the  north  of  the  Vistula  (A'on  GallAvitz's  army). 
Smogorxi. 

3.  The  pursuit  of  the  Russians  brought  the  division  as  far  as  the  neighborhood  of 
Smogorni-^'ishnev,  where  it  took  part  in  violent  fighting  and  where  it  was  relieA-ed 
the  middle  of  September. 

France. 

4.  During  the  early  days  of  October  it  entrained  at  Grodno  for  the  Avestern  front. 
(Itinerary:  Warsaw,   Posen,   Berlin,   Hanover,   Aix-la-Chapelle,   Li&ge,   Gambrai.) 
Cambrai. 

5.  It  went  into  rest  cantonments  on  the  banks  of  the  Scheldt  between  Marcoing 
and  Bouchain  (November-Deceml>er). 

1916. 

1.  The  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division  and  the  4th  Guard  Division  then  formed  the 
reconstituted  Guard  Reserve  Corps. 

2.  Diuing  January  and  February,  1916,  the  division  was  employed  on  defensive 
works  in  the  Wytschaete-Messines  sector;  it  also  held  a  sector  in  that  region.    At  the 
same  time  it  underwent  a  course  of  training  in  the  neighborhood  of  Cambrai. 
Artois. 

3.  The  l^eginning  of  May  the  diA^ision  took  over  the  sector  south  of  Neu\dlle-St.  Vaast. 

SOMME. 

4.  At  the  end  of  July  it  was  engaged  on  the  Somme  (Belloy-Barleux). 

5.  After  August  19  it  spent  some  days  at  rest  near  Cambrai,  and  came  back  into 
line  imtil  September  8  l)etween  the  [Nrouquet  Farm  and  [Martinpuich.     It  suffered 
local  attacks,  in  which  it  Avas  constantly  jnished  back  Avdth  heavy  losses. 
Flanders. 

6.  After  a  rest  in  the  neighborhood  of  Cambrai  it  was  sent  to  a  calm  sector  to  the 
north  of  Ypres,  near  the  Yprea-Pilkem  road. 


24       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

SOMME. 

7.  Noveml)or  5  tlio  division  roturned  to  the  Somme  (Warlfiuniirl)  where  it  Rpent 
the  Avintpr  of  ]!)1G-17. 

1!»17. 
SoMMi:. 

1.  In  [Nraicli,  lf)17,  the  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division  commenced  the  -R-itlidrawal 
movement  on  the  Hindenbiirg  Line,  lea\'ing  prisoners  in  rear-guard  adiona  (Pys- 
Grevillera  region') .  It  was  \vithdrawn  from  the  front  about  [March  20  to  go  to  rest 
near  Toumai. 

2.  The  1st  Guard  Pa-sorve  I)ivLsion  and  the  Ith  Chiard  Division  then  became  inde- 
pendent divisions. 

Artois. 

3.  April  25  the  division  took  over  the  Op])y-<;avrel]e  sector  and  fought  off  the 

British  attacks. 

4.  Relieved  the  beginning  of  May,  it  was  sent  to  rest  at  Templeuve,  and  was  later 
employed  in  the  construction  of  defensive  works  near  Cambrai  (May). 
Flaxders. 

5.  The  1st  of  June  it  was  carried  to  Tourcoing,  and  from  there  to  Warneton,  Jime  8 
it  went  into  line  to  the  east  of  [Messines,  where  it  relieved  the  3d  Bavarian  Di\-ision, 
verj"-  much  worn  out  the  day  before.     It  was  itself  withdrawn  as  early  as  the  12th. 

Artois. 

6.  The  division  then  went  back  to  Artois  and  held  the  >yioeuvres-Pron\-ille  front 
(Jime  21-22  to  Aug.  16)  taking  part  in  no  important  action. 

Lens. 

7.  After  some  days  rest  at  Douai,  it  became  reengaged  August  21,  on  the  Lens 
front,  in  a  series  of  very  heavy  conflicts  following  the  attack  of  August  15.  The 
64th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  particularly  exhausted.  Gas  attacks  caused 
it  to  suffer  equally  hea\'y  losses  in  September  and  December. 

8.  The  di\dsion  remained  in  this  sector  until  the  end  of  1917.  In  November  it 
sent  some  elements  to  reinforce  the  Cambrai  front  against  tlie  British  attack. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Tlie  division  was  recruited  in  all  provinces  of  Prussia,  like  the  rest  of  the  Guard. 
Despite  their  numbers,  the  64th  and  J)3d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments  do  not  come 
(to  any  considerable  extent)  from  the  3d  and  4th  Corps  Districts.  The  93d  Reserve 
Infantrj'  Regiments  came  from  what  was,  before  its  dissolution,  a  "guard  landwehr 
battalion  (^Magdeburg)"  (seal  of  pay  book). 

The  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division  is  not  above  the  average  German  division  in  value. 
The  Alsatians  in  its  ranks  were  withdrawn  and  sent  to  Russia  in  191G,  but  there  are 
still  numerous  Poles,  who  do  not  constitute  an  element  of  strength.  It  seems  much 
less  to  be  feared  tlian  most  of  the  Prussian  organizations  that  do  not  have  the  "  Litze ' ' 
(braiding),  less,  too,  than  the  Wurttemljurgers  of  the  13th  Corjis  District  and  the 
better  Bavarian  troops.     (British  document,  February,  1918.) 

19LS. 
Lens. 

1.  The  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  in  the  Lens  sector  by  the  220ih 
Di\-ision  the  first  of  the  year  and  was  withdrawn,  remaining  at  rest  in  this  region 
until  it  relieved  (he  220th  Division,  February  4. 

Garvin. 

2.  The  division  was  relieved  l)y  the  220fh  Division  February  20  and  went  to  the 
Carvin  area,  where  it  went  through  a  course  of  training  in  open  warfar^y  so  as  to  become 
the  assault  di\'ision  of  the  Souchez  Group. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE.       25 

SOMME. 

3.  The  opening  day  of  the  ^farch  21  offensive  the  division  was  identified  at  Lagni- 

fourt  (northeast  of  Bapaume).     It  was  A-ery  probably  "leap-frogged"  by  some  other 
division  the  next  day,  but  it  reappeared  the  27th  near  Bucquoy,  in  a  straight  line 
with  the  advance  taken  as  a  whole.     It  suffered  exceedingly  hea-vy  losses,  finally 
•having  to  utilize  its  pioneers  as  Infantry. 
T-A  Bassee. 

4.  April  20  the  di\dsion  was  withdrawn  from  the  Somme  front  and  marched  to 
Givenchy  (just  north  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal)  the  next  day,  where  it  relieved  the 
4th  Ersatz  DiA-ision.  It  fought  there  until  about  May  21,  giATiig  a  good  account  of 
itself,  considering  its  weakened  condition,  and  as  a  result  its  brigade  commander  was 
promoted  a  lieutenant  general,  and  the  di\asion  commander  received  Pour  le  M^rite. 
Grammont. 

5.  The  division  moved  to  the  Grammont  area,  where  it  underwent  a  course  of 
training  with  artillery  and  aeroplanes  in  preparation  for  a  coming  offensive. 

La  Bass^e. 

G.  It  relieved  the  38th  Division  at  Festubert,  north  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal  July  5; 
it  was  relieved  July  14  by  the  18th  Reserve  Division. 

7.  The  diA-ision  rested  in  the  Faufjuissart  area,  and  then  relieved  the  12th  Reserve 
DiA^sion  north  of  Hinges  the  night  of  August  2-3.  It  was  relieved  about  August  26 
by  extension  of  front  of  the  neighboring  diAdsions. 

Cambrai. 

8.  The  2d  of  September  the  division  reinforced  the  front  north  of  the  Arras-Cambrai 
Road.  About  the  10th  it  side-slipped  south,  for  it  was  identified  southwest  of 
Moeuvres.  It  remained  here,  suffering  heavy  casualties  (450  prisoners^  and  was 
relieved  by  the  7th  Cavalry  Division  during  the  night  of  Septeml^er  22-23. 

9.  It  remained  in  this  region,  however,  and  was  thrown  back  into  line  in  attempt 
to  stem  the  British  advance,  being  identified  at  Bourlon  September  28;  withdrawn 
about  October  5. 

10.  The  di\dsion  returned  October  16-17,  relieving  the  30th  Division  east  of  Neu- 
villy,  and  was  withdrawn  about  the  20th. 

11.  November  4  it  was  identified  north  of  Landrecies.  It  took  part  in  the  general 
retirement,  being  identified  south  of  Berlaimont  November  5,  and  east  of  ^faul>euge 
on  the  9th. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division  was  rated  as  in  the  first  of  four  classes.  During 
1918  it  did  not  fight  brilliantly,  but  it  was  always  to  be  depended  upon.  It  was 
called  upon  to  fight  much  in  heavy  engagements,  and  suffered  very  severe  losses. 


26       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       27 

HISTORY. 
1914-15. 

Formed  in  August,  1914,  by  grouping  the  Guard  Ersatz  Battalions  and  the  Ersatz 
Battalions  of  the  2d  Corps  District,  the  division  detrained  at  Saverne  August  19.  In 
reserve  during  the  battle  on  the  20th,  it  crossed  the  frontier  on  the  23d  Avtth  the  6lh 
Army,  fought  southeast  of  Lun^Aulle  the  first  days  of  September,  and  toward  the  end 
of  the  same  month  it  went  to  TTaye  (Woe\Te). 
Haye. 

1.  There  it  formed  part  of  the  Ersatz  Corps  and  held  various  sectors  of  tlie  region 
until  March,  1916  (St.  Baussant,  Flirey,  Bois  de  Mort-Mare,  etc.). 

1916. 

1.  In  March,  1916,  the  1st  Guard  Ersatz  Mixed  Bde.  (6th  and  7th  Guard  Regiments) 
left  the  Apremont  region  to  go  to  the  north  of  Combres  and  to  the  south  of  Fresnos-on- 
Woevre. 

Verdux. 

2.  After  a  rest  of  10  days  at  St.  Marie  aux  Chenes  (Apr.  24-May  3)  it  went  to  the  front 
north  of  Verdun.  May  11-12  it  entered  line  in  the  Bois-Nawe  (west  of  Douaumont), 
where  it  took  part  in  several  attacks  (notably  that  of  May  25).  It  rested  in  June,  and 
fought  again,  beginning  July  1,  to  the  southeast  of  the  Thiaumont  works. 

3.  The  5th  Guard  Ersatz  Mixed  Bde.  which  had  remained  in  the  Montsec  region, 
entrained  at  VigneuUes-St.  Benoit  (July  23-26),  detrained  at  Spincourt,  and  during 
the  night  of  August  3-4  entered  line  to  the  east  of  Fleury.  Together  with  the  Ist 
Bde.,  it  took  part  in  the  attack  of  August  5,  and  both  suffered  heavy  losses. 

4.  The  Guard  Ersatz  Division  was  withdrawn  from  line  the  end  of  August,  after 
having  lost  50  per  cent  of  its  infantry  before  Verdun. 

Furey-en-Haye. 

5.  After  a  rest  in  the  region  west  of  Spincourt  it  went  back  into  line  to  the  north  of 
Flirey  en  Haye;  it  remained  there  until  about  the  5th  of  November. 

In  September  the  357th  and  the  358th  Infantry  Regiments  were  attached  to  the 
Bavarian  Ersatz  Division  and  the  214th  Di\dsion,  respectively.     The  Guard  Ersatz 
Division  received  in  exchange  a  regiment  newly  formed  from  companies  taken  from 
the  6th  and  7th  Guard  and  the  357th  Infantry  Regiments. 
Cote  du  Poivre. 

6.  The  diAasion  rested  in  November,  lea\'ing  December  18  to  go  to  the  region  north 
of  Cote  du  Poivre,  following  the  French  attack  of  December  15. 

1917. 

1.  About  January  15,  1917,  the  Guard  Ersatz  Di\usion  was  withdrawn  from  the 
Verdun  front  and  sent  to  Champagne  (St.  Hilaire  sector). 

2.  Relieved  toward  the  end  of  March,  the  division  was  sent  to  reserve  in  the  Chatoau- 
Porcien  region,  which  it  quitted  April  12. 

Aisne. 

3.  April  16  and  the  days  following  elements  of  the  dhusion  counterattacked  toward 
Berm^ricourt;  then  relieving  (Apr.  18)  the  remnants  of  the  21st  Division,  the  Guard 
Ersatz  Division  went  through  the  French  attack  of  May  4.     It  left  this  front  soon  after. 

4.  May;  rest  in  rear  of  the  Champagne  front. 

Russia. 

5.  After  a  stay  in  a  sector  in  Haye  to  the  north  of  Flirey  (from  the  beginning  of  June 
to  the  middle  of  July),  the  division  was  carried  to  the  eastern  front  (July  23-27)). 
(Itinerary:  Sarrebrucken,  Kreuznach,  Frankfort,  Leipsic,  Cottbus,  Glogau,  Warsaw, 
Grodno,  Vilna.) 

6.  The  Kai.ser  reviewed  the  division  July  29.  From  the  1st  to  the  17th  of  August 
it  was  trained  in  open  warfare  near  Vilna. 


28       DI\^STONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Riga. 

7.  Taken  to  Chavli  (Aiig.  28),  then  to  the  Gross-Ekkau  region,  the  division  entered 
line  in  the  Uxkuell  region  and  parlicij)atod  in  the  Riga  offensive,  entering  Riga  Sep- 
tember 3-4. 

Fhance. 

8.  September  8  the  division  entrained  for  the  western  front.  (Itinerary:  Chavli, 
Kovno,  Eydtknhnen,  Insterberg,  Posen,  Cottbus,  Leipsic,  Frankfort,  Thion\-ille, 
Briey.)  It  encamped  near  Spincourt,  and  then,  ^ibout  October  10,  entered  line  to 
the  north  of  Bezonvanx. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  Guard  Ersatz  Division  was  recruited  all  over  Prussia  just  as  all  tbe  other  Guard 
di\'isions. 

Good  division.  The  6th  and  7th  Guard  Regiments  are  not  to  be  considered  as  tried 
troops.     The  399th  Infantry  Regiment  seems  to  hav^e  but  a  slight  combative  value. 

The  men  are  said  to  have  shown  dissatisfaction  when  they  left  Russia  for  tlie  western 
front.     Desertions  are  said  to  have  taken  place  en  route.     (Inter,  pris.  Dec.  15-17.) 

1918. 
Verdun. 

1.  The  division  remained  north  of  Verdun  until  February  20,  when  it  was  relieved 
and  went  to  Damvdllers,  entrained,  and  went  to  the  Arlon  area  and  was  trained  until 
March  15. 

Somme. 

2.  It  entrained  at  Arlon  on  that  date  and  traveled  via  Charleroi  to  Mons,  where  it 
arrived  the  following  day.  By  night  marches  the  di\-ision  passed  through  Maubeuge- 
Bavai-Englefontaine-Fontaine  au  Bois-Bazuel-Le  Cateau-Btisigny-Bohain-Fresnoy- 
P^ronne,  without  taking  part  in  any  fighting.  It  came  into  line  March  25-26,  and  was 
heavaly  engaged  at  Proyart  the  27th. 

Hangard. 

3.  The  division  was  withdrawn  about  April  6,  after  having  large  casualties,  and 
reinforced  the  front  near  Hangard  the  night  of  April  9-10,  not  being  relieved  until 
about  May  4.     Flanking  divisions  extended  their  fronts. 

Mons. 

4.  It  rested  northwest  of  Mons  until  the  end  of  June. 
Champagne. 

5.  It  then  went  to  reserve  in  Champagne,  and  entered  line  west  of  Auberive  July 
15.     It  was  withdrawn  on  the  21st. 

OuLCHY  le  Chateau. 

6.  The  division  was  identified  in  line  north  of  Oulchy  le  Chateau  July  29,  where  it 
fought  until  withdra^Ti,  about  August  9. 

Alsace. 

7.  It  went  into  rest  cantonments  at  Ilelfrantzkirch  (northeast  of  Basle),  and  re- 
mained there  until  September  25. 

Ypres. 

8.  Prisoners  of  the  di^^sion  were  captured  southwest  of  Roulers,  and  they  stated 
that  it  entered  line  October  5-6.  The  division  remained  in  line  fighting  stubbornly, 
but  to  no  purpose,  until  withdrawn,  November  7. 

VALUE — 1918   KSTIMATE. 

Reliable  information  is  to  the  effect  that  the  Guard  Ersatz,  the  Guard  Cavalry, 
and  the  Jaeger  Divisions  bore  the  title  "Oberste  Ileeresleitungs  Angriffsdivisionen," 
and  that  they  were  hold  under  the  direct  control  of  the  Supreme  Command.  Never- 
theless, the  Guard  Ersatz  has  always  been  considered  as  being  in  the  second  of  four 
classes. 


DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.       29 


Gruard  Cavalry  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


Brigade. 


Infantry . 


Cavalry . 


5  Ldw.  Inf 

llCav 

14Cav 

38Cav 


Regiment. 


1  Cuirassier. 
8  Drag. 

5  Uhlan. 
8  IIus. 
11  Hus. 

2  Mounted  Jag. 
C  Mounted  Jag. 
4  Cuirassier. 

Gd.  Cuirassier  (1 
Sqn.of4Mounted 
Jag.). 


Artillery. 


132  Art.  Command: 
3  Gd.  F.  A.  Rgt. 
226  F.  A.  Rgt. 


Engineers  and  Liaisons . 


412  rion.  Btn.: 
307  I'ion.  Co. 
2  Ers.  I'ion.  Co. 
1S3  Wireless  Detch. 
286  and  385  T.  M.  Cos. 


Medical  and  Veterhiary 

302  Field  Hospital. 
315  Field  Hospital. 
286  Vet.  Hospital. 

Attached 

Balloon  Sqn.  No.  33. 

290  Reconnaissance  Flight. 

HISTORY. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  left  the  ea.'stern  theater  in  the  middle  of  March.  It  was  reconstituted 
in  the  camp  at  Zossen  (south  of  Berlin),  and  was  then  moved  to  the  Maul>euge  area, 
where  it  underwent  six  weeks'  training  for  open  wai-fare.  It  now  consisted  of  9  dis- 
moiuited  regiments,  grouped  in  3  brigade.s,  2  comjxmies  of  pioneers,  and  a  trench 
mortar  company. 

Chajipagne. 

2.  About  May  28  the  di\dsiou  relieved  the  23d  Di\dsion  east  of  the  Suippe.  It 
was  relieved  about  July  2,  and  on  the  15th  returned  to  strengthen  the  battle  front 
near  Souain.     It  was  relieved  a]:)Out  .July  20. 

SoiSSONS. 

3.  The  division  was  moved  to  the  Sois.sons  area,  and  on  AugiLst  22  relieved  the 
Jaeger  Division  east  of  Soissons.     It  retired  from  the  front  a1)out  September  5. 

Champagne. 

4.  On  Septemljer  23-2 1  it  relieved  the  15th  Bavarian  Divi.^ion  north  of  Prosnes,  and 
was  thereafter  constantly  in  line  in  Cham|)agne.  The  direction  of  its  final  retreat 
lay  through  Herpy  (Nov.  1),  St.  Ferguex  (5th),  Hethel  (Gth),  and  Rocquigny  (7th). 

VAUIE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  rej^orted  to  be  one  of  the  Cleneral 
Headquarters  attack  divisions  held  under  direct  control  of  the  Supreme  Command. 
After  the  faihue  of  the  July  offensive  east  of  Reims  the  di\dsion  was  constantly  on 
the  defensive. 


30       DIVISIOXS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIOI^S  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  W  WAR.        31 

HISTORY. 

1914-15. 

Along  with  the  2d  Divisiou,  the  1st  Division  forms  the  1st  Army  Corps  (Koenigsberg). 
Russia. 

1.  The  1st  Army  Corps  was  engaged  on  the  Rusrfaii  front  at  the  very  beginning  of 
the  war. 

2.  Up  until  November  the  1st  Division  participated  in  the  operations  of  East 
Prussia,  and  notably  in  the  battle  of  Tannenberg  (Aug.  27-29). 

3.  In  December  the  two  division  of  the  1st  Corps  separated.  The  2d  Division 
remained  in  the  north;  the  1st  Division  went  to  the  9th  Army,  from  December,  1914, 
to  January,  1915  (Bzura-Rawka),  then  to  the  Army  of  the  South,  operating  in  the 
Carpatliians  and  on  the  Dniester,  from  February,  1915,  to  February,  1916. 

1916. 
France. 

1.  The  diN-ision  went  to  France  in  March,  1916.  The  41st  Infantry  Regiment 
detrained  March  13  near  Metz;  the  48th  Infantry  Regiment  at  Hagondange  March  5. 
Verdun. 

2.  The  division  was  put  in  line  near  Vaux  April  20,  fought  in  the  bois  de  la  Cail- 
lette  in  May,  in  the  bois  de  Vaux  Chapitre,  and  the  bois  Fumin  in  June  and  July. 
It  suffered  enormous  losses  there.  In  the  1st  Company  of  the  41st  Infantry  Regiment, 
the  numbers  on  the  pay  books  passed  from  1,359  (Apr.  10)  to  1,674  (July  19),  indicating 
the  arrival  of  at  least  316  reinforcements.  From  the  beginning  of  the  war  until  July, 
1916,  the  regiment  had  received  an  average  of  1,360  men  per  company. 

Russia. 

3.  At  the  end  of  July,  1916,  the  1st  Division,  leaving  behind  the  41st  Infantry  Regi- 
ment, which  fought  before  Verdun  in  August,  was  once  more  taken  to  the  eastern  front, 
where  it  formed  part  of  the  Carpathian  Corps. 

1917. 
Bukowina. 

1.  In  July,  1917,  the  diWsion  was  in  the  KirUbaba-Dorna-Vatra  region.  Begin- 
ning July  27,  it  followed  up  the  retreating  Russians,  halting,  early  in  August,  in  the 
Sereth  region. 

France.  • 

2.  The  division  entrained,  the  beginning  of  December,  near  Czernowitz,  and  was 
cairied  to  the  French  front.  (Itinerary:  Kolomea,  Stanislau,  Lemberg,  Tarnow, 
Oppeln,  Breslau,  Dresden,  Leipsic,  Halle,  Cassel,  Coblentz,  Treves.)  Ordered  to 
Lorraine,  it  was  sent  to  the  region  east  of  Etain,  relieving  the  13th  Reserve  DiWsiou 
and  occupjdng  the  sector  in  front  of  Moulain\'ille  (Dec.  27;  still  there  Jan.  23,  1918). 

value — 1917  estimate. 

Theoretically,  the  regiments  of  the  1st  Division  are  recruited  in  East  Prussia,  but 
since  the  1st  Corps  District,  sparsely  populated  and  of  restricted  size,  could  not  keej) 
it  up  alone,  the  elements  coming  from  outside  this  district  are  numerous.  During 
the  stay  on  the  eastern  front  Alsace-Lorrainers  were  used  in  considerable  number. 
While  in  France  the  di\ision's  ranks  were  filled  up  with  the  aid  of  the  abundant 
resources  of  Brandenburg  and  Silesia  (3rd  and  4tli  Cori)s  Districts);  conseciuently,  the 
division  does  not  display  to  any  degree  the  local  c-haractcr  like  the  majority  of  the 
German  divisions. 

The  1st  Division  was  on  the  Russian  front  from  August,  1914,  until  December,  1917, 
with  the  exception  of  the  jjoriod  April-July,  1916,  during  which  it  Avas  engaged  before 
Verdun. 


32       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

The  troops  of  the  division  I'ratcruized  witli  tlie  Russians  ior  about  three  weeks  in 
April,  but  this  came  to  au  end  early  in  May  with  the  arrival  opposite  them  of  new  Rus- 
sian troops,  who  received  their  advances  mth  bullets.     (later,  pris.,  Jan.  24,  1918.) 

iyi8. 

WOEVRE. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  in  the  \"erdun  sector  until  relieved  by  the  lltb 
Bavarian  division  about  February  15. 

2.  It  moved  to  the  Conflans  area,  where  it  went  through  a  course  of  training  in 
open  warfare  in  order  to  fit  itself  to  become  an  assault  division.  At  this  time,  too,  it 
exchanged  its  Alsatians  for  Prussians  of  the  7Sth  Reserve  Division. 

SOMME. 

3.  March  27  the  division  reinforced  the  front  at  Bray,  north  of  the  Somme.  It 
fought  until  the  30th,  and  lost  to  such  an  extent  that  its  companies,  which  had  been 
filled  up  while  in  the  Conflans  area,  were  reduced  to  an  average  strength  of  -10  men. 

4.  It  was  withdrawn  March  30,  and  rested  immediately  in  rear  of  the  position  it 
had  held  in  line  until  about  April  19. 

5.  The  following  day  the  division  went  back  into  line  just  soutn  of  the  Somme, 
and  immediately  suffered  heavily.  It  was  relieved  !May  2  by  the  24th  Reserve 
Division. 

6.  The  division  went  to  rest  in  the  Peruwelz  area,  and  then  had  some  more  training 
in  the  same  region. 

Champagne. 

7.  Early  in  July  the  division  was  identified  in  reserve  near  Ilii-son. 

8.  July  IG  it  entered  line  near  St.  Ililaire,  and  was  withdrawn  the  20th. 
Rheims. 

9.  It  was  immediately  thrown  into  line  in  the  Bois  de  A'rigny,  where  it  fought  in 
an  attempt  to  prevent  the  Allies  from  anuiliilating  the  German  troops  in  the  Sois- 
sons-Chateau  Thierry-Rheims  pocket. 

Laon. 

10.  About  August  10  the  di\dsion  was  withdrawn  and  went  to  rest  in  the  region 
of  Laon. 

Laffaux. 

September  3  it  relieved  the  27th  Division  near  I^affaux,  and,  b(>ing  sur]>rised  by  a 
French  attack,  lost  heavily  (2,300  prisoners). 

12.  September  IG  it  was  relieved  by  the  29th  Division. 
Rheims. 

13.  The  division  came  back  into  line  near  Bethenj^  (northeast  of  Rheims)  on  Octo- 
ber 2  and  was  Mvithdrawn  about  the  Sth. 

St.  Fergeux. 

14.  It  reentered  line  in  the  St.  Fergeux  region  Octo])er  J  f,  ami  was  again  withdrawn 
the  29th. 

LlART. 

15.  November  7  the  division  was  identiiifd  ikmi-  IJart  (south  of  Rocroi),  and  re- 
mained in  line  until  the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1018    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAPt.       33 


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34       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

IIISTURY. 

1914-15. 
Russia. 

1.  The  ist  Iveserve  Diviaioii  was  ou  iho  llussiau  front  frum  Auvjusl,  1!J14,  until 
November  1,  1917,  at  which  time  it  entrained  for  France. 

East  Prussia — Poland. 

2.  In  1914  it  and  the  36th  Reserve  Diviaion  formed  the  Ist  Reserve  Corps  ((Jen. 
Otto  von  Buelow).  It  took  part  in  the  operations  of  East  Prussia  (Ilindenburjj's 
Army),  in  the  Lodz  maneuver  (Von  ^fackensen's  Army),  and  in  the  combat-s  on  the 
Bzura. 

3.  In  February,  1915,  the  division  was  in  the  Prasuysz  region,  northeast  of  the 
Bohr-Xarew  line. 

COURLAND. 

4.  In  May,  as  part  of  Eichhoru's  Army,  it  took  part  in  Ihe  raid  on  <  'ourlaud. 

1910. 

G  ALICIA. 

1.  It  was  on  the  Dvina  in  the  Friedrichstadt  region  until  July. 

2.  In  August  it  was  identified  in  Galicia,  in  Bothmer's  Army,  opposed  to  the  Brous- 
siloff  offensive.  Here  it  had  heavy  losses.  (The  11th  Company  of  the  3d  Infantry 
Regiment,  in  particular,  was  reduced  to  30  men.)  During  September  the  di^'ision 
was  reinforced.  The  depot  at  Friedrichstadt,  near  Warsaw,  was  completely  emptied 
to  make  good  its  losses. 

CoURLAND. 

3.  Toward  the  end  of  September  elements  of  the  division  were  in  line  near  Fried- 
richstadt, along  the  Dvina,  in  a  calm  sector.  The  18th  Reser\e  Infantrj'  Regiment 
was  attached  to  the  newly  formed  225th  Division. 

1917. 

1.  January  5,  1917,  the  division  was  taken  to  the  Mitau  region,  where  it  helped 
stop  the  Russian  attack.  Losses  in  this  sector  were  light,  but  there  was  considerable 
discontent  due  to  the  cold. 

2.  The  division  was  relieved  about  the  15th  of  March  and  sent  to  the  neighborhood 
of  Gross-Eckau,  near  Mitau,  where  it  rested  two  months. 

Riga. 

3.  The  middle  of  May  it  was  put  back  into  line  before  Riga.  It  took  part  in  the 
offensive  against  that  city  in  Septeml)cr,  stayed  there  from  the  3d  to  the  7th  of 
September,  and  then  took  up  again  its  march  toward  the  east.  It  organized  its  posi- 
tions aV>out  70  kilometers  from  Riga,  near  Ilintzenberg  (or  Hildersberg?)  (near  Wenden) 
and  estab!i.shed  itself  there. 

France. 

4.  Relieved  the  end  of  October,  it  entrained  near  ^\'endcn  for  the  western  front 
(ltinerar>':  Riga,  Mitau,  Kovno,  Eidtkiihncn,  Insterburg,  Thorn,  Posen,  Lissa, 
Braslau,  Cottbus,  Leipsic,  Erfuhrt,  Frankfort -on-the-Main,  Sarrebruecken,  Thion- 
\ille,  Sedan,  ^'ouzie^s.)     It  detrained  November  C  at  Semide  (.southeast  of  Vouziersj. 

CiTAMPAGNE. 

5.  After  a  rest  of  two  days,  the  division  went  into  line  in  the  St.  llilaire  sector 
(east  of  Vaudesincourt-Aul)erivc). 

VALUK ^19!7    KSTIMATE.  • 

The  division  was  recriuted  in  East  Prussia  and,  as  a  result  of  in.'uflicient  local 
resources,  from  di\ers  other  localities — a  great  many  Alsace-Lorrainers  during  the 
sojourn  on  the  Russian  front. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       35 

The  1st  Reserve  Division  has  taken  part  in  all  the  tuipurlant  altacks  which  have 
taken  place  on  the  eastern  front  since  the  bopnuing  of  the  war.  It  seems,  however, 
from  interrogation  of  deserters  (in  Champagne,  November,  lOl"),  that  the  cadres  and 
men  were  little  prepared  for  war  as  it  was  waged  on  the  western  front. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  east  of  Auberive  until  relieved  Ijy  the  2od  Division 
April  30. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2.  May  13-14  it  relieved  the  7Uth  Reserve  Division  in  the  Givesnes  sector. 

3.  It  was  relieved  August  4,  but  came  back  into  line  on  the  10th  a  little  farther  to 
the  north,  in  the  region  of  Hangest-en-Santerre.  It  was  withdrawn  a  few  days  later 
and  rested  several  days  in  the  neighborhood. 

4.  August  19  it  relieved  the  75th  Reserve  Division  near  Beuvraignes.  It  fought 
until  relieved  September  2. 

St.  Quentin. 

5.  After  10  days'  rest  it  relieved  the  21st  Division  near  Le  Verguicr,  northwe.st  of 
St.  Quentin.     It  was  vvathdrawn  on  the  20th. 

RiBEMONT. 

6.  October  1  the  division  relieved  the  2()8th  Division  near  Ribemont.  Withdrawn 
October  31. 

DOMPIERRE. 

7.  It  came  bai'k  into  line  November  7  and  remained  until  the  arnaistice. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  has  suffered  very  heavily,  notvvithstanding  the  fact  that,  until  about 
the  10th  of  August,  it  had  taken  no  part  in  any  really  important  actions  this  year. 
On  the  18th  of  September  the  1st  Reserve  Regiment  was  almost  wiped  out,  its  three 
battalion  officers  being  captured  vvith  their  staffs.  It  had  also  suffered  a  great  many 
casualties  the  9th  and  10th  of  August.  It  is  difficult  to  estimate  the  strength  of  its 
companies,  owing  to  the  fact  that  it  is  still  in  an  active  sector,  but  it  is  probably  not 
over  50  rifles. 

In  the  main  the  recruitment  is  East  Prussian.  There  have  been  many  Alsace- 
Lorrainera  in  its  ranks,  but  since  many  of  these  have  deserted  there  are  probably 
not  a  great  many  of  them  left.  For  the  most  part  the  men  are  between  25  and  35 
years  old,  but  there  are  many  older  men  and  something  less  than  10  per  cent  of  the 
division  is  made  up  by  rei'ruits  of  the  1919  class.  It  is  again  to  be  noted  that  the 
division  was  not  employed  in  any  of  the  German  offensives  this  year. 

Its  conduct  was  remarkable  in  no  way  during  the  division's  participation  in  the 
heavy  fighting  around  Hangest,  Beuvraignes,  and  to  the  north  of  St.  Quentin.  During 
the  early  part  of  the  year,  when  the  division  was  in  line  in  Chamjjagne,  there  were  a 
great  many  desertions,  especially  among  the  Alsace-Lorraine  element.  There  have 
also  been  many  cases  of  mutiny,  especially  in  the  59th  Reserve,  the  worst  of  the  three 
regiments.  About  the  middle  of  August  a  batch  of  some  500  recruits  started  out  from 
the  interior  for  the  division.  To  sustain  the  morale  of  the  men,  these  recruits  were 
told  they  were  going  to  simply  support  the  artillery.  Notwithstanding  this,  less 
than  250  men  remained  when  the  draft  reached  its  true  destination — the  front  lines. 
The  men  are  very  tired  of  the  war,  but  on  the  whole  seem  resigned  to  the  necessity 
of  doing  their  duty. 

The  1st  Reserve  is  rated  iw  a  third-cla.ss  division. 


36       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       37 

HISTORY. 

1914-15. 

Called  Jacobi's  Division  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  and  a  part  of  the  Ist  Landwehr 
Corps,  the  1st  Landwehr  Di^'ision  fought  under  this  corps  on  the  eastern  front.  It  was 
first  called  the  10th  Landwehr  Division,  taking  the  name  of  1st  Landwehr  Division  in 
July,  1915.  It  comprised  the  6th  ]Mixed  Landwehr  Brigade  (^34th  and  49th  Landwehr 
Regiments)  and  the  34th  !Mixed  Landwehr  Brigade  (31st  and  84th  Landwehr  Regi- 
ments). 

East  Pru.ssia,  Pol.vxd. 

1.  First  engaged  in  East  Prussia  (Angerl)urg,  Guml)innen,  August,  1914,  to  January, 
1915),  Jacol)i's  Division  took  part  in  the  operations  between  Mariampol  and  Suwalki. 
Early  in  ^farch,  1915,  it  was  before  Lomza;  then  in  the  Ossowiee  region  on  the  Bobr. 
It  was  at  this  time  that  the  di^^sion  became  known  as  the  1st  Landwehr  Di\asion,  and 
the  33d  Landwehr  Regiment  was  attached  to  it. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  August  the  di\'ision  was  in  the  Kalvariia  region,  Suwalki. 
It  took  part  in  the  summer  offensive,  but  remained  in  support,  neA^er  doing  any  actual 
fighting. 

COURLAXD. 

3.  After  a  rest  on  the  Little  Berezina,  it  wont  to  Cnurland,  going  into  line  in  the 
Uxkuell  region  (October). 

191  fi. 

1.  The  di-^-ision  remained  to  the  south  of  Riga  until  the  end  of  July,  1910. 

VOLHYNIA. 

2.  In  August  it  went  to  Volh^iiia,  where  it  took  over  the  Boro\Tio  sector  (on  the 
Stokhod)  and  held  it  for  more  than  a  year,  until  about  November,  1917.  The  6th 
Landwehr  Brigade  was  taken  away  and  remained  in  the  ^litau  region  (April,  1916). 
Since  then  the  di^vision  has  been  composed  of  only  three  regiments. 

1917. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1.  Relieved  in  the  Borovno  sector  toward  the  end  of  1917,  went  to  rest  in  the 
Aacinity  of  Kovel.  In  January,  1918,  the  division  received  reinforcements  from  the 
9th  Landwehr  Regiment  (dissolved)  and  also  fi-om  the  20th  Landstin-m  Regiment. 
It  had  already  had  men  of  the  1919  class  since  November,  1917.  Still  more  arrived  in 
February,  1918,  when  the  division  was  on  the  point  of  departing  for  Belgium. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

In  theory,  the  31st  and  81th  Landwehr  Regiments  were  recruited  in  the  9th  Corps 
District;  the  33d  Landwehr  Regiment  in  the  1st  Corps  District.  Latterly,  however, 
uidely  diversified  elements  have  been  introduced — men  of  the  20th  Landsturm 
Regiment  (18th  Coi-pa  District);  from  the  9th  Landsturm  Regiment  (2d  Corps  Dis- 
trict); also  men  from  the  3d,  7th,  and  17th  Districts  (class  1919).  There  is,  too,  a 
consideral)le  numljcr  of  Alsace-Lon'ainers  (33d  Landwehr  Regiment). 

The  1st  Ivandwehr  is  a  mediocre  division,  composed  of  old  men  and  of  others  that 
have  little  military  value.     (March,  1918.) 

1918. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  division  was  then  ta^en  to  the  western  front,  and  after  some  time  spent  in 
reserve  (it  was  probably  trained  in  the  methods  of  warfare  employed  on  the  western 
front,  although  there  is  no  e\ddeuce  to  establish  it)  it  relieved  the  35tli  Division 


38       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 

near  Merckem,  Manli  20.     11  was  rolipved  about  April  19  by  elements  of  the  83d 
Di\-ision. 

2.  April  2(5  it  \va.s  ideutilied  in  the  St.  Julieu-Iloo<];e  sector,  replacing  part  of  the 
23Gth  Division,  which  side  slijiped  to  the  south.  In  an  unsuccessful  attack  during 
this  time  it  suffered  exceedingly  heavy  losses. 

Alsace. 

3.  The  division  was  relieved  by  the  Gth  Cavalry  Division  during  the  night  of  July 
27-28  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Vosges. 

4.  About  October  3  the  di\dsion  relieved  the  30th  I5avarian  Kesers-e  Division  near 
Aspach  le  Bas. 

WOEVRE. 

5.  It  was  withdrawn  from  this  sector  soon  afterwards  to  be  thrown  in  to  meet  the 
American  advance  east  of  the  Meuse,  being  identified  west  of  Flabas  October  Ki. 
They  lost  hea\nly,  stajdng  in  until  the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  1st  Landwehr  is  rated  as  a  tliird-class  division.  Still,  although  many  of  its 
younger  men  were  sent  to  other  di\'isions  just  before  it  came  to  the  western  front,  it 
did  rather  well,  its  commanding  officer  having  been  promoted  after  its  participation 
in  the  battle  of  the  Lys,  and  the  division  as  a  whole  ha\'ing  been  lauded  several  times 
in  the  official  communiques. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  liT  WAR.       39 


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40       niVISIONS  (IF  fiHRMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTU'ITATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

li)l  1. 
Lorraine. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  llio  war  llio  1st  lUivarian  l>ivision,  fdrmiiii:,  with  the  2(1 
Bavarian  Division,  the  Isl  Bavarian  Corps,  was  part  of  the  Gtli  Army  (Bavarian  Crown 
Prince).  It  detrained  nt  Sarrebruocken  (Aug.  8-9),  cros.^ed  the  frontier,  sacked 
Badonviller  the  12th,  and  withdrew  to  the  north  of  Sarrebruecken  the  17th.  It 
fouglit  at  Sarrebruecken  the  20th.  In  liaisf)n  on  tlie  left  with  the  Badeners  of  the 
14th  Corps,  it  cros-sod  the  frontier  and  advanced  to  Nossoncourt  and  Xaffdvillens 
(Sept.  6)  via  Baccarat.  September  12  tlie  division,  having  l>pcn  witlidrawn,  was 
reassembled  at  Peltre  (near  Metz).  It  then  entrained  at  Metz  tlio  1 1th  and  I'lih,  and 
detrained  near  Namnr,  reaching  P^ronne  the  21tli. 

SoMMK. 

2.  In  the  last  days  of  September,  1914,  at  the  time  of  the  "race  to  the  eea,"  the  two 
divisions  of  the  1st  Bavarian  Corps  were  in  the  2d  Army  (Von  Buelow),  which  op- 
erated on  the  Somme  in  the  Peronne  region.  They  became  heavily  engaged  notably 
at  Combles  (Oct.  24)  and  at  Maricourt  (Dec.  17).  By  November  4  the  1st  Bavarian 
Regiment  had  had  casualties  of  63  officers  and  2,090  men  since  the  beginning  of  the 
war.     (Casualty  list.) 

1915. 
Artdis. 

1.  The  1st  Bavarian  Division  was  kept  in  line  on  tlie  Somnie  (Dompicrro-^Iaricourt) 
imtil  October,  1915.  Its  composition  was  changeil — the  Body  Infantry  Regiment 
went  to  the  Alpine  Corps,  the  10th  Infantry  to  the  10th  Bavarian  Division.  In 
return,  the  24th  Infantry  (a  new  formation)  was  received. 

2.  The  division  was  taken  to  the  region  north  of  Arras  (Xcuville-Souchez  sector), 
whore  it  remained  almost  seven  months  (October,  1915-May,  1916). 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  About  May,  1916,  the  division  was  relieved  to  the  west  of  Vimy  and  sent  to  the 
Verdun  front,  where  it  took  part  in  the  battles  near  Douaumont  (May  2:?),  and  in  those 
of  June  1  and  8. 

2.  Re-formed  in  the  Romague-sous-les-Cotes  area,  it  reentered  line  about  June  22 
for  new  attacks.  During  Ibis  offensive  the  divisio7i  suffered  severely.  It  was  re- 
lieved at  the  beginning  of  July. 

3.  After  a  short  rest  behind  the  Verdun  front  the  division  reoccupied  the  Apremont- 
St.  Mihiel  sector,  n-maining  there  until  October  11,  when  it  was  reconstituted,  re- 
ceiving large  reinforcements  (recuperates  and  men  of  the  1916  class). 

SOMMF,. 

4.  Taken  to  the  Caudrj'  sector  (near  Cambrai),  it  was  engaged  on  the  Somme  (Sailly- 
Saillisel,  Morval)  October  13  to  end  of  November,  where  its  losses  were  once  again 
e.xccediiigiy  licavy. 

5.  The  divi.>>ion  reappeared  in  tlu;  region  of  St.  Miliiel  (Bois  d'Ailly-Forut  d'Apre- 
imint  scrtnr)  llm  beginning  of  DccemlK-r,  and  r<-m:un<Ml  then*  nulil  tlic  early  days 
of  May,  1917. 

1917. 
Platkau  UK  Cami-ornie. 

1.  Entrained  about  May  7  at  VigneuUcs,  it  ])rorceded  to  the  Laon  region,  where  it 
waa  in  reserve  (^fay  8-12).  The  following  day  it  took  over  the  scntor  west  of  Ilurte- 
Itise,  where  it  participated  in  several  atlat  ks  (May  20  Juiii;  17),  losing  lieavily  therein. 

2.  The  divi.sion  was  relieved  Juik;  21  and  went  to  re.st  south  of  M6zi5res  (La  Franchc- 
ville,  etc.),  wlmre  it  was  recoiistitutcMJ. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       41 

Champagne. 

3.  July  25  it  went  back  into  line  on  the  Champagne  front  (sector  south  of  S(c.  Marie- 
a-Py);  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  important  engagements  there. 

4.  The  diArision  was  withdrawna  December  27. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  recruited  in  the  southern  jiart  of  Bavaria.  The  presence  of 
contingents  from  the  Bavarian  A1])S  was  roRponsil)le  for  the  withdrawal  of  the  Body 
Begiment  to  form  the  Alpine  Corps. 

Despite  the  losses  it  suffered  during  May  and  June  in  the  Ilurtebise  sector,  the 
1st  Bavarian  Division  may  still  be  considered  a  good  division.  It  has  had  time  to 
reconstitute  itself  during  the  long  calm  period  spent  in  Champagne  (July  25-Dec. 
27,  1917). 

1918. 
Argonne. 

1.  Withdrawn  from  line,  the  di\'ision  was  put  through  a  course  of  training.  It 
relieved  the  80th  Reser\"e  Di^■ision  north  of  Yauquois  February  17. 

2.  It  was  relieved  by  the  80th  Ileser\'e  Division  about  the  1st  of  M'arch. 

St.  Quentin. 

3.  The  opening  day  of  the  March  offensive  the  division  reinforced  the  front  south 
of  St.  Quentin.     It  was  withdrawn  the  next  day. 

4.  !March  23  it  came  back  into  line  north  of  Chaimy.  It  was  withdrawn  about  the 
30th. 

Lassigny. 

5.  April  6  it  relieved  the  3d  Bavarian  Di\'ision  west  of  T-assigny.  It  was  in  turn 
relieved  by  the  3<1  Bavarian  Di\-ision  on  the  12th. 

Champagne. 

6.  Tla^ing  suffered  a  great  deal  in  the  fighting  on  the  Somme,  the  division  was 
taken  to  a  quiet  sector  in  Champagne,  relie\dng  the  52d  ReserN'e  Division  May  1 
north  of  Souain.     About  June  30  it  was  relieved  by  the  30th  Division. 

7.  It  reinforced  the  front  near  Souain  July  15.     It  was  withdrawn  about  the  31st. 

SOISSONS. 

8.  The  division  cnlorcd  line  norlhoast  of  Soissons  August  11. 

NOYON. 

9.  It  was  relieved  by  the  Jaeger  Division  about  August  19,  and  moved  to  the  west, 
taking  over  the  Cuts  sector,  .southeast  of  Noyon,  August  20,  and  was  withdrawn  the 

oo.l 
^w(l. 

Coucy-le-Chateau. 

10.  August  31  the  dix-ision  was  identified  at  Folembray,  northwest  of  Coucy-le- 
Clialeau;  withdrawn  about  September  12.  * 

'    rTAMPAGNE. 

1  1 .  About  September  27  it  took  over  the  !Nrnnre  sector,  south(>!ist  of  Vouziers,  where 
il.  remained,  fighting,  until  the  signing  of  tlie  armistice. 

VALUE 191S    ESTIMATE. 

The  1st  Bavarian  is  rated  as  a  first-class  assault  division;  it  was  utili/.c.l  as  such 
throughout  19 bS.     It  fought  well;  its  lo.sses  were  severe. 


42      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       43 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1.  The  Bavarian  Reserve  Di\'ision  (].st  Bavarian  Reserve  Corps,  ^\-ilh  the  5th 
Bavarian  Resers^e  Div-ision)  was  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  part  of  the  6th  Army 
(Prince  Rupprecht  of  Bavaria),  and  detrained  in  LoiTaine  August  13-14.  After 
ha\-ing  helped  to  check  the  French  offensive  in  Lorraine,  participated  in  the  battle 
of  August  20,  entered  Luneville,  and  after  having  fought  at  Einx-ille,  early  in  Sep- 
tember, it  went  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Paris-A^Ticourt  railroad,  and  later 
march  to  Metz  by  stages. 

Arras. 

2.  September  27-28  the  division  entrained  at  Metz  and  was  carried  to  Cambrai. 
Entering  line  between  Douai  and  Arras,  it  fought  at  Izel,  Gavrelle,  Rouvroy  (Oct. 
2-3).  On  the  5th  its  right  wing  was  at  Souchez,  the  whole  1st  Bavarian  Reserve 
Corps  being  then  in  line  north  of  Arras.  October  23  the  two  di\'isions  of  the  corps 
attacked  violently  along  the  Carency-Roclincourt  front;  they  remained  in  line  until 
June,  1915,  the  1st  Bavarian  Division  being  between  Roolincourt  and  Ecurie. 

1915. 
Neuville-St.  Vaast. 

1.  In  May,  1915,  the  1st  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  was  engaged  at  Ncuville-St. 
Vaast,  when  it  was  reinforced  by  two  battalions  of  the  99th  Reserve  Infantry  Regi- 
ment. The  2d  Bavarian  Reserve  Regiment  suffered  casualties  of  14  officers  and  1,413 
men  (casualty  list). 

Le  Labyrinthe. 

2.  In  June  the  division  fought  at  the  Labyrinth. 

3.  It  continued  to  hold  the  sector  north  of  the  Scarpe,  but  moved  toward  the  south 
m  December,  the  front  of  the  1st  Bavarian  Reser\^e  Corps  extending  as  far  as  Blaire- 
\411e. 

1916. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  east  of  Arras,  straddling  the  Scarpe  until  August, 
1916.  From  May  to  August,  it  comprised  the  12th  Bavarian  Reserve  Regiment,  in- 
stead of  the  3d  Bavarian  Reserve  Regiment,  loaned  temporarily  by  the  5th  Bavarian 
Reserve  Division. 

SOMME. 

2.  Withdrawn  August  8,  it  went  to  the  Somme.  It  was  engaged  the  12th  in  the 
Clery  sector,  and  was  relieved  as  early  as  the  15th  by  the  1st  Guard  Division  after 
ha\'ing  suffered  heaAaly. 

3.  The  second  fortnight  in  August  the  division  was  at  rest  near  Cambrai.  The  end 
of  that  month  and  early  in  September,  some  elements  of  the  division  were  engaged 
near  Clery  and  Martinpuich  in  order  to  facilitate  reliefs. 

AlSNE. 

4.  About  the  middle  of  September  the  1st  Bavarian  Reserve  Corps  was  withdrawn 
from  the  region  of  the  Somme  and  sent  to  the  Aisne,  where  the  1st  Bavarian  Reserve 
Division  occupied  a  sector  to  the  west  of  Craonne  until  the  beginning  of  December. 

5.  Brought  back  north  of  the  Somme,  it  sent  some  elements  into  line  in  the  Beau- 
mont-Hamel  sector  (north  of  the  Ancre,  December- January). 

1917. 
Artois. 

1.  After  sometime  at  rest,  the  division  went  back  into  line  Februarj^  27  to  the  north 
of  Arras  (Roclincourt-Neuville-St.  Vaast).  Ai)ril  9  it  received  the  full  shock  of  tlie 
British  attack — lost  the  villages  of  Thelus  and  Bailleul  and  l,r>00  prisoners. 


44       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHK^H  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

La  Basse e. 

2.  Relieved  about  the  15th  of  April,  the  division  rested,  and  tlieu  entered  line 
north  of  the  T,a  Biussee  Canal  (east  of  Fest  uber( ).    It  remained  here  five  months,  taking 
no  part  in  any  important  engagements  hut  sut'ferin^^  losses  as  a  result  of  gas  attacks. 
Flanders. 

3.  It  left  for  Belgium  October  0-7,  and  took  over  the*  Zandvoorde  sector  (southeast 
of  Ypres)  on  the  8th. 

VAI,UE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  1st  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  is  a  good  division,  but  its  combatant  value  can 
not  be  compared  to  that  of  the  active  Bavarian  diNasions. 

19LS. 

1.  Ilere  it  remained  in  line  until  February  11,  when  it  ■U'as  relieved  by  the  239th 
Di\'ision  and  withdrawn  to  rest  in  the  Menin  area,  before  it  had  suffered  many 
casualties. 

DiXMUDE. 

2.  March  9  it  relieved  the  54th  Reserve  Division  in  the  Dixmude  sector.  It  was 
relieved  on  the  22d  by  the  extension  of  the  fronts  of  the  neighboring  divisions. 

3.  It  marched  to  Zedelghem  the  same  day,  and  reached  Seclin  on  the  23d.  The 
28th  it  came  into  reserve  near  Douai.  It  was  undoubtedly  intended  to  reinforce  the 
German  attack  on  the  Arras  front  on  the  2Sth,  but  as  this  was  a  complete  failure,  it 
returned  to  the  Carvin  area. 

Lys. 

4.  April  9  the  division  reinforced  the  front  near  Richebourg-St.  Vaast,  and  took 
part  in  the  initial  attack  on  the  Lys  battle  front  the  same  day.  It  advanced  through 
Lacouture,  Vieille-Chapelle,  and  had  reached  Zelobes  April  10.  After  the  first  day's 
fighting  it  met  ^vith  a  strong  resistance  and  suffered  heavily.  It  was  relieved  near 
Robecq  by  the  239th  Division,  April  IS. 

Loos. 

5.  April  27  the  division  n^lieved  elements  of  the  207th  I>i\ision  east  of  Loos  (south 
of  the  I^a  Bassee  Caual^i. 

Yl'HES. 

6.  It  was  relieved  by  the  IGth  Division  about  September  27,  marched  to  Carvin, 
which  it  left  September  29,  and  entrained  at  Seclin.  for  Heule,  whence  it  marched 
into  line  via  Moorseele.  It  was  identified  near  Roulers  October  4.  It  Avas  relieved 
by  the  6th  Cavalry  Division  October  16. 

7.  After  a  rest  of  only  a  few  days  the  division  came  back  into  line  on  the  23d  to  the 
south  of  D(\vnze,  whence  it  was  withdrawn  al>out  Octnlx-r  31.  It  did  not  return 
to  line. 

VALUE I91.S    ESTIMATE  . 

The  1st  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  took  jiart  in  no  real  fighting  with  the  exception 
of  the  Lys  offensive,  in  which  it  did  nothing  to  distinguish  itself.  It  would  seem 
that  the  division  does  not  deserve  to  be  rated  higher  than  third  in  a  scale  of  four 
classes. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


45 


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46       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTTCTPATED  IN  WAR. 

lUSTUllY. 

LOKKAlNii.  1914. 

1.  The  origin  of  the  1st  Bavarian  Laudwehr  Division  dales  from  the  stabilization  of 
the  Lorraine  front  after  the  check  of  the  Germans  before  Grand-Couronne  in  Septem- 
ber, 1914. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  different  elements  which  were  to  enter  into  the 
.composition  of  the  division  were  employed  in  Lorraine  in  rear  of  the  combatant 

troops.    The  71st  Landwehr  Regiment  came  from  the  war  garrison  of  Strasburg. 

3.  These  elements  grouped  in  three  brigades  forming  the  Ist  Bavarian  Landwehr 
Division,  were  brought  up  to  the  front  early  in  Sejrtemljer  and  put  into  line  in  the 
Chateau-Salins  sector  (from  Jallaucourt  to  the  Rhine-Marne  Canal). 

Lorraine.  1915. 

1.  From  that  time  on  the  division  occupied  the  same  front  in  Lorraine,  on  each 
side  of  the  Rhine-Marne  Canal,  broadening  or  narrowing  its  front  according  to  the 
number  of  troops  in  line  in  the  region. 

2.  During  the  summer  of  191 5  its  limit  was  carried  to  the  southeast  gradually  as  far 
as  the  Luneville-Avricourt  railway,  next  to  the  region  south  of  Leintrey;  to  the 
northeast  as  far  as  the  western  ledge  of  the  Foret  de  Bezange. 

3.  In  May,  1915,  the  60th  Landwehr  Bde.  was  detached  from  the  division,  and 
replaced  by  the  5th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Bde.  (4th  and  5th  Bavarian  Landwehr 
Regiments)  coming  from  the  10th  Ersatz  Division. 

Lorraine.  1916. 

1.  South  of  Leintrey — western  edge  of  the  Foret  de  Bezange.  In  January,  1916, 
the  14th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Bde.  was  detached  from  the  1st  Bavarian  Landwehr 
Division;  the  122d  Landwehr  Regiment  (Wurtteml)urg)  passed  to  the  2d  Landwehr 
Division;  the  loth  Bavarian  Landwehr  Regiment  to  the  39th  Bavarian  Landwehr 
Division.  The  brigade  was  replaced  by  the  9th  BaA-arian  Landwehr  Bde.  (6th  and 
7th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Regiments).  The  division  thus  became  entirely  Bavarian; 
it  was  increased,  shortly  after,  by  the  addition  of  the  GOth  Reserve  Regiment,  which 
was  later  (September)  attached  to  the  221st  Division. 

2.  In  July,  1916,  the  13th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Bde.  was  withdrawn  from  the 
division  and  replaced  by  battalions  of  Landsturm. 

Lorraine.  1017. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  division's  sector  was  shortened — it  was  limited  on  the 
southeast  Jjy  the  western  edge  of  the  Foret  de  Paroy.  In  March  it  ended  northwest  of 
Juvrecourt.  In  June  it  extended  itself  once  more  to  the  southeast,  fixing  itself 
finally  in  July  between  Juvrecourt  and  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Foret  de  Paroy;  the 
limits  have  not  varied  since  then. 

2.  Alxiut  the  first  of  tin;  year  the  5th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Regiment  passed  to  the 
2d  Bavarian  Landwehr  Division  (new  formation — Russian  front). 

value — 1917   estimate. 

The  Ist  Bavarian  Landwehr  Division  established  itself  on  the  Lorraine  front  in 
September,  19 14,  after  the  hard  fighting  in  that  ri'gion  had  ceased.  It  executed  some 
important  raids  with  its  assault  company,  notably  in  June,  1917  (Foret  de  Paroy), 
and  November  (Arracourt  region).  In  general,  however,  it  remained  exclusively 
on  the  defensive.  It  is  made  up  of  men  whose  ])hysical  value  is  often  diniiniphed; 
who  have,  consequently,  waged  only  position  warfare,  and  that  upon  a  defensive  front. 

Lorraine.  1918. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  Parroy  sector  in  Lorraine  throughout  1918,  and,  with 
the  exception  of  a  very  few  raids  executed  )>y  the  divisional  Stosstrupp,  did  nothing. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

Losses  and  reinforcements  have  been  few.  The  strength  of  the  companies  a])i)ears 
to  l)e  al)out  80  men,  of  an  average  age  of  35—40  years.  The  1st  Bavarian  Landwehr  is 
rated  as  a  fourth-class  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       47 

1st   Cavalry  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


Cavalry. 


1918 


Brigade. 


licgiment. 


ICav.  (1  C.  Disl.). 
2Cav  (1  C.  Dist.). 
43Cav.  (IC.  Dist.. 


3  Cuirassier. 
1  Drag. 
12  Uhlan. 

9  Horse  Jag. 

8  Uhlan  (3  and  5 
Sqns.  detached). 

10  Horse  Jag.  (2  and 
3  Sqns.  detached) 


Artillery 


35  Horse  Art.  Abt. 


Engineers  and  Liaisons. 


(?)  Dion.  Detchs. 

347  Searchlight  Section. 


Medical  and  Veterinary. 


6.5  Vet.  Hospital. 
142  Vet.  Hospital. 
70  Ambulance  Co. 


Odd  units. 


152  Cyclist  Co. 

153  Cyclist  Co. 
159  Cyclist  Co. 


Attached 3  Hus.  Rgt.  (1,  3,4,  and  6  Sqn.). 


HISTORY. 

1918. 

1.  Throughout  1918  the  separate  elements  of  this  divisiou  were  used  iu  police  duty 
iu  the  Ukraine,  in  Lithuania,  and  along  the  Danube. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

As  the  division  did  not  operate  as  a  division  in  1918,  no  estimate  can  be  given  of  its 
tijrhting  value. 


48       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       49 

HISTORY. 

1914-1917. 

1.  Belgium.  -\t  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  Tield  Army  contained  only  one 
naval  division.  Thia  division  entered  Belgium  on  ^'eptember  4,  1914,  detrained 
at  Brussels,  and  on  September  6  took  up  its  position  to  the  left  of  the  corps  which 
was  besieging  Antwerp.  After  the  taking  of  the  city  on  October  10  the  division 
marched  along  the  coast,  arrived  at  a  point  between  Ostend  and  Bruges  on  October 
23,  and  on  November  2  relieved  th(f  4th  Ersatz  Division  on  the  front  of  Nieuport- 
St.  Georges. 

2.  On  November  24,  1914,  the  Naval  Corps  was  formed  by  adding  a  2d  Naval  Divi- 
sion to  the  1st. 

3.  After  this  time  the  Naval  Corps  occupied  the  sea  front  and  the  sector  of  the  coast 
in  occupied  Flanders.  The  staffs  of  the  1st  and  2d  Naval  Divisions  were  ])ermanently 
in  command  of  this  sector — the  sea  front  (.from  Raversyde  to  the  frontier  of  Zeeland 
as  far  as  Maldegem  was  assigned  to  the  1st  Naval  Division;  the  front  ou  land  from  the 
North  Sea  to  Schoorbakke,  4  kilometers  southeast  Nieuport,  to  the  2d  Naval  Division). 
The  six  regiments  of  Marine  Fusileers  alternated  between  the  two  sectors,  and  conse- 
quently changed  from  one  division  to  the  other. 

4.  In  April,  1917,  the  three  naval  infantry  regiments  were  withdrawn  from  the 
1st  and  2d  Naval  Divisions  to  organize  a  new  Division,  the  3d  Naval  Division.  These 
regiments  had  already  formed  a  provisional  division,  from  the  end  of  September,  1916, 
to  January,  1917,  when  they  were  engaged  on  the  Somme.  After  fighting  east  of 
Ypres  (August  to  November,  1917),  the  3d  Naval  Di\-ision  came  into  line  at  Nieuport 
(Lombartzyde)  to  the  right  of  the  2d  Naval  Division  in  December. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  Marine  or  Sailor  Fusileers,  recruited  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  from  among 
the  seamen  or  the  population  of  the  ports,  had  only  a  mediocre  combat  value  at  the 
time. 

Since  1917,  in  consequence  of  reinforcements  taken  from  the  land  army,  and  also 
in  consequence  of  reducing  the  age  of  the  effectives,  the  regiments  of  Naval  Fusileers 
seem  to  be  of  better  quality. 

From  a  recruiting  standpoint,  they  may  be  compared  with  the  active  divisions  of 
the  German  Army. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  out  of  line  in  1918  until  May  1.  From  that  date  until  Novem- 
ber 4  it  held  the  extreme  right  of  the  German  line. 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  iw  fourth  class.  Until  the  la^^^t  mouth  of  the  war  its  front 
was  quiet, 

125651°— 20 4 


50      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR.       51 


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52       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
France. 

1.  Entrained  August  9  to  11  (notebooks).  Detrained  at  Beutgenbach  (12  kilos  east 
of  Malmedy).  Entered  Belgium  August  14.  Crossed  the  Meuse  at  Huy  August  18. 
Crossed  the  Sambre  at  Auvelais  (Aug.  22)  on  the  right  of  the  ]st  Guard  l)i\'ision. 
Fought  at  Falisolle  and  Aisemont  the  23d;  at  Mettet  the  24th.  Fought  on  the  29th 
at  Ilaution  and  Vallee-aux-Bleds;  on  the  30th  at  St.  Pierre  (west  of  Vervins),  on  the 
left  of  the  1st  Guard  Di\asion. 

2.  From  there  via  Lugny,  Boncourt,  La  Malmaison,  Ville-aux-Bois,  Sarcy,  Epernay, 
Avize,  Vertus;  fought  after  September  6  at  I^cury-le-Repos  and  Normee. 

3.  Retreated  on  the  9tli  at  Vertus;  10th  at  Tauxieres;  11th  at  Thuizy.  Was  before 
Reims  until  September  30. 

4.  In  Artois  in  October  (Bucquoy,  Mouchy-aux-Bois,  Adinfer),  near  the  1st  Guard 
Division.  Split  up  in  November  like  the  latter;  sent  one  of  its  brigades,  the  4th,  in 
the  region  of  Ypres  (Gheluvelt),  and  remained  there  until  tlie  end  of  December. 

1915. 
Russia. 

1.  In  January  the  division  Was  again  assembled.  At  rest  at  Douai  from  the  end  of 
January  till  the  middle  of  February.  On  the  Monchy-aux-Bois-Puisieux  front  till 
the  end  of  March.  Entrained  March  30  at  Caml)rai  for  Schelestadt  (Alsace),  where 
it  was  placed  at  rest. 

2.  In  April  transferred  to  Galicia  (Neu-Samdek,  Apr.  26-30). 

3.  Beginning  on  May  2  it  took  part  in  Mackensen's  offensive — Battle  of  Gorlitz, 
May  2-3;  at  Jaroslav,  May  16;  battle  of  Krasnostav,  July  17;  crossed  the  Bug  August 
24.     At  Zegrje,  on  the  Narew,  September  14. 

4.  On  September  16  it  returned  to  Novo-Georgievsk  and  entrained  for  the  western 
front.     Detrained  at  Nivelles  September  20. 

France-Lorette. 

5.  The  division  was  at  rest  for  one  month  in  Belgium. 

6.  On  October  25  entrained  for  Orchies  and  reached  Ilenin-Lietard  by  stages  and 
fought  at  Lorette  on  November  5  for  6  days.     It  suffered  casualties  again  there. 

7.  The  division  went  into  line  in  the  region  between  Noyon  and  Roye. 

1916. 
France-Sommk. 

1.  The  2d  (Juanl  Division  remained  in  the  sector  of  tlie  region  Noyon-Roye  until 
August,  1916. 

2.  On  August  15  it  was  sent  to  the  Somme  region  (( 'hilly),  where  it  suffered  heavy 
losses  both  to  the  north  and  to  the  south  of  Peronne. 

3.  From  October  1  to  the  end  of  December,  1916,  it  fought  for  a  second  time  south  of 
Peronne. 

1917. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January  the  division  was  sent  to  rest  near  Guise.  To  the  cast  of 
Clery-sur-Somme,  end  of  February. 

2.  Then  it  held  the  Siegfried  line,  near  Roisel  and  St.  Quentiu,  for  Tivo  or  si.K  days 
(beginning  of  March). 

3.  Entrained  for  Vervins  and  sent  back  to  rest  (Mar.  16  to  Apr.  12'). 
Chemin  des  Dames. 

4.  About  April  12  the  division  was  sent  to  Sissonne.  Wont  iuto  line  between 
Ilurtebise  and  Craonne  (Apr.  20  to  22),  supporting  or  relieving  the  units  of  the  5th 
Guard  Division.  It  remained  for  three  weeks  in  the  region  of  Craonne  and  Amifon- 
taine.     It  suffered  new  losses  and  still  heavier  ones  on  Californie  Plateau. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       53 

5.  On  May  11  the  division  went  to  tlio  Argonne  by  road  (La  Harazee,  May  17)  and 
was  reorganized,  receiving  replacements  from  the  fil.Sth,  614th,  and  615th  Regiments, 
which  were  dissolved. 

Russia. 

6.  Withdrawn  from  the  line  at  the  beginning  of  July  and  entrained  for  the  eastern 
front  (from  July  4  to  10),  via  Charleville,  Givet,  Namur,  Liege,  Ilerbestal,  Hanover, 
Berlin,  Posen,  Skalmiercyze,  Ozidof. 

7.  Took  part  in  the  attack  on  the  Sereth  (July  19);  relieved  August  1  and  sent 
to  rest. 

Riga. 

8.  On  Augtist  9  entrained  at  ITorlodylow  and  took  part  in  the  attack  on  Uxkull 
(Sept.  1).     On  the  4th  it  entered  Riga. 

France. 

9.  From  September  7  to  9  the  division  entrained  for  France,  via  Zanke,  Mitaul 
Vilna,  Kovno,  Posen,  Berlin,  Hanover,  Dusseldorf,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  liege,  Namur, 
Givet,  Charleville. 

La  Malmaison. 

Beginning  September  21  it  was  sent  to  Laon.  About  the  28th  it  went  into  line  in 
the  Malmaison  sector.  On  October  23  the  French  attack  commenced  and  caused 
them  very  hea\'y  losses  (1,800  prisoners,  of  whom  50  officers,  and  many  M'ounded). 
Relieved  on  the  25th  and  its  regiments,  much  reduced  in  strength,  were  sent  to  the 
region  of  A'ervins. 

1 1 .  In  the  middle  of  November  it  held  the  sector  of  St.  Mihiel,  Forests  of  Apremont. 
The  regiment  received  replacements  from  the  interior  and  from  the  Russian  front 
taken  from  the  226th  Division. 

value — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  2d  Guard  Division  had  the  reputation  of  being  a  good  division.  It  Buffered 
heavy  losses  in  the  Aisne  sector  in  JMay,  1917.  However,  even  after  this  attack  the 
morale  of  the  men  on  the  whole  seemed  quite  high.  At  the  Malmaison  attack,  October 
23,  the  troops  of  the  division,  after  three  days,  were  completely  defeated. 

During  the  last  battles  the  division  showed  only  moderate  fighting  value. 

1918. 

1.  The  2d  Guard  DiAasion  was  relieved  by  the  201st  Division  January  11  and  went 
to  rest  at  Metz. 

2.  Here  the  division  underwent  a  10  weeks'  course  of  training.  March  18  it  en- 
trained at  Metz  and  traveled  via  ThionA-ille  to  St.  Amand,  where  it  detrained  on  the 
evening  of  March  19.  It  went  then  via  Marchiennes  (Mar.  20-21),  Montigny  (Mar. 
21-22),  to  Lambres,  where  it  arrived  the  evening  of  March  22.  After  5  days'  rest 
here  the  division  moved  up  to  the  line  at  Vitry-en-Artois  (Mar.  27)  to  reinforce  the 
front  for  the  attack  north  of  the  Scarpe  on  the  28th.  Except  for  one  battalion  of  the 
1st  Guard  Grenadier  Regiment,  the  division  took  part  in  the  fighting,  as  the  attack 
was  unsuccessful. 

MOREUIL. 

3.  The  following  day  it  marched  via  Arleux-Morchies-Beaumetz-Haplincourt-Le 
Transloy-Les  Boeufs-Maricourt,  crossing  the  Somme  at  Suzanne-Pro yart-Framerville- 
Caix-Meziferes.  It  went  into  reserve  east  of  Mailly-Raineval,  where  it  n>mained  until 
April  5,  when  it  came  into  line  north  of  Rouvrel.  It  was  relieved  by  the  6th  Reserve 
Division  May  2. 

Aisne. 

4.  The  division  reinforced  the  Aisne  baflle  froni  about  May  2G  to  the  west  of  ^■ailly. 
It  was  relieved,  June  17,  by  the  40th  Division. 


54       DIVISTONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Marne. 

5.  After  a  rest  in  the  Marie  region  the  division  reinforced  the  front  near  Chatillon- 
Bur-Mame  July  15.     It  was  \rithdrawn  on  the  22d. 

SOMME. 

6.  August  27  the  division  reinforced  the  front  south  of  tlie  Somme  near  Dompierre. 
It  was  relieved,  September  3,  by  the  Alpine  Corps,  after  suffering  heavy  losses,  and 
losing  1,450  prisoners. 

Le  Catelet. 

7.  During  the  night  of  September  11-12  it  reinforced  the  front  near  Ronssoy  (west 
of  Le  Catelet).     It  was  withdrawn  October  9. 

Ypres. 

8.  After  resting  a  fortnight  the  division  relieved  the  52d  Reserve  Division  at 
Machelen,  October  24.  It  was  relieved  by  the  fith  Cavalry  DiA-ision  November  4, 
and  did  not  return  to  line. 

VAUIE — I91S   ESTIMATE. 

The  2d  Guard  Division  is  rated  as  a  first-class  assault  division.  It  participated 
in  a  great  deal  of  heavy  fighting  during  1918  and  always  acquitted  itself  very  well. 
It  was  mentioned  in  the  official  communiques  on  several  occasions.  Between  the 
end  of  August  and  October  9  it  had  lost  2,800  in  prisoners  alone.  Indeed,  its  lasses 
must  have  been  very  heavy,  since  there  is  positive  evidence  at  hand  to  show  that  it 
received  4,000  replacements  between  August  10  and  October  10. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHTPH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.        5  5 


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56       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

IITSTORY. 

(151h  liesen-e:  Eiglith  District — Westphalia.     77th  and  91st    Reserve:   Tenth    Dis- 
trict— Hanover.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1.  At  the  beofinning  of  the  war  the  2(1  Reserve  Guard  Division  was  grouped  with  the 
19th  Reserve  Di\'ision  iu  the  10th  Reser^-e  Corps.  This  rorps  formed  a  part  of  the 
Second  German  Army  (Von  Biilow). 

The  di\Hision  entrained  at  Zulpich  August  10,  entered  Belgium  the  14lh,  passed  the 
Mouse  near  Liege  the  17th,  surrounded  Namur  on  the  north,  crossed  the  Samljreto 
the  west  of  Charleroi  on  the  22d,  fought  at  Marbaix  the  23(1,  and  the  29th  and  30th  at 
Ribemont  and  St.  Qnentin. 
Marxe-Champagne. 

2.  The  2d  Reserve  Guard  Di\dsion  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne  between 
Sezanne  and  Montmirail  (Sept.  6-7).  It  retreated  through  Epernay  and  fought  on 
the  Rheims  front.  It  held  its  position  on  this  front  (Courcy  sector)  up  to  the  month 
of  Februarj',  1915. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1.  Toward  the  middle  of  Februarj-,  1915,  the  two  brigades  of  the  2d  Reserve  Guard 
Division  were  separated.  The  2Cth  Brigade  went  into  the  line  between  Thiescourt  and 
the  Oise  and  the  3Sth  Brigade  went  to  the  forest  of  the  Argonne. 

2.  Regrouped  in  Alsace  in  the  \'icinity  of  Schlestadt  toward  the  end  of  April,  the 
2d  Reserve  Guard  Di\-ision  was  transported  about  May  20  to  the  district  of  I-a  Bassee. 
It  was  engaged  in  the  Cuinchy-Givenchy  sector  (June-July). 

3.  About  the  1st  of  August  the  division  was  sent  to  rest  east  of  Cambrai. 

4.  In  September  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Yingles-Hulluch  to  the  south  of  the  La 
Bassee  CanaL  September  25-26  it  took  part  iu  the  third  battle  of  the  Artois  and 
suffered  great  losses.  Portions  of  the  2d  Reserve  Guard  I)ivision  participated  in  the 
attack  near  Loos  October  8. 

5.  The  di\'ision  remained  in  the  district  of  I>a  Bassee  up  to  April,  1916. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  The  2d  Reserve  Guard  Division  was  relieved  about  April  7  of  the  Cuichy-Canal 
sector  of  La  Bassee.  After  a  rest  in  Belgium  in  the  vicinity  of  Tournai,  the  division 
was  placed  in  the  Gommocourt  sector  (Somme),  end  of  May. 

2.  The  Franco-British  offensive  found  it  in  this  sector  July  1.  It  was  severely 
engaged  from  July  to  November,  1916,  sometimes  in  the  \acinity  of  Pozieres,  Thiepval, 
Bazentin-le-Petit  (from  July  to  September),  sometimes  farther  north,  and  suffered 
serious  losses  (51  per  cent  of  its  personnel). 

3.  The  2d  Reserve  Guard  Division  was  maintained  in  the  Gommecourt-Hebuteme 
sector  during  the  entire  winter  of  1916-17.  At  the  end  of  1916  it  ceded  the  55th 
Reserve  Infantry  to  the  220th  iJivision  (organization). 

1917. 

HiNDENBURG    LiKE. 

1.  The  middle  of  March,  1917,  the  2d  Reserve  Guard  Division  participated  in  the 
r?treat  of  the  German  Army;  it  went  back  through  Bu(quoy,  Lagmcourt,  Beaumetz- 
les-Cambrai  toward  the  llindenburg  line.  It  established  itself  on  this  line  between 
Queant  and  Boursies  until  the  end  of  May. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARIMY  WHICH  PARTICFPATED  IN  WAR.       O  i 

Flanders. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  June  the  division  remained  at  rest  several  days  in  the  vicinity 
of  Cambrai,  and  was  then  transported  to  the  Thielt  (Pitthem-Eefrhem)  district  (end  of 
June).     At  the  beginning;  of  July  it  approached  the  front  toward  Staden. 

3.  On  July  31,  certain  elements  of  the  division,  being  surprised  and  laterreassembled 
on  the  western  border  of  the  Routhulst  forest,  counter  attacked  in  the  direction  of 
Bixschoote  and  suffered  rather  heavy  losses. 

4.  The  2d  Reserve  Guard  Division  remained  in  this  sector  eight  days.  It  was 
relieved  August  8-9  aTid  sent  to  rest  in  the  district  of  Gand  (Tvakeren-Ostnieuwe- 
kerke)  till  the  beginning  of  September. 

5.  About  the  10th  of  September  it  was  sent  into  the  line  on  the  front  west  of  Pas- 
schendaele  (southeast  of  St.  Julien).  It  was  withdrawn  from  this  position  toward  the 
end  of  the  month  in  order  to  go  in  again,  almost  immediately,  to  the  southeast  of 
Armentieres. 

G.  It  remained  there  until  the  end  of  November,  after  wliii  h  it  reappeared  on  the 
front  wes^  and  north  of  Passchendaele  in  Pecember. 

7.  It  was  relieved  February  1,  191S,  and  went  into  the  district  of  Pvoulers. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  2d  Peserv-e  Guard  Division  was  always  considered  as  being  an  excellent  division 
because  it  had  always  fought  well,  tliough  it  showed  only  mediocre  fighting  qualities 
to  the  north  of  Ypres  in  1917. 

The  31st  of  July  it  counterattacked  without  energy  and  without  success  in  the  direc- 
tion of  Pixsehoote.     r)uriug  the  approach,  a  great  number  of  men  remained  in  the  rear. 

Following  this,  its  attitude  was  passive. 

1918. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  Passchendaele  sector  until  withdrawn  about 
January  9. 

2.  It  came  back  into  line,  relie\ang  the  199th  Division,  during  the  night  of  January 
23-24,  north  of  Passchendaele.     It  was  relieved  by  the  239th  Division  February  1. 

3.  February  7  it  relieved  the  239th  Division;  relieved  by  41st  Division  March  3. 
It  then  was  trained  for  a  fortnight. 

Tambrai. 

4.  March  21  the  di\dsion  reinforced  the  Tambrai  front  near  St.  L6ger,  fighting,  with 
heavy  lo.sses,  until  the  26th. 

Arras. 

0.  It  came  back  into  line  west  of  Neuville-Vitasse  about  April  3,  relieA^ing  the  236th 
Division.  April  29  the  division  was  relieved  by  the  extension  of  the  fronts  of  the 
neighboring  divisions. 

6.  It  went  to  the  Douai  area  and  rested  there  until  coming  into  line  in  the  Gavrelle 
sector  during  the  night  of  June  7-8;  it  relieved  the  187th  Di\'ision.  It  was  relieved 
by  the  lS7th  Division  June  20  and  went  to  be  reconstituted  in  the  Tournai  area, 
receiving  a  draft  from  the  427th  Infantry  Regiment  and  another  of  over  500  men 
from  Germany. 

7.  The  di^•ision  relieved  the  5th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division,  near  Bucquoy,  August 
7.  During  the  heavy  fighting  that  followed  it  lost  2,400  in  prisoners  alone.  It  was 
withdrawn  August  25. 

8.  September  2  it  reinforced  the  front  near  the  Arras-C'ambrai  road,  whence  it 
was  withdrawn  about  Ibo  middle  of  the  mouth. 

La  B assise. 

9.  It  then  relieved  the  9th  Reser\e  Division  near  Neuve-Chapelle  September  26. 


68       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHTOH  PAItTKMPATKD  IN  WAR. 

Flanders. 

10.  October  5  prisoners  belonging  to  the  division  were  identilicd  near  T.edei^jhem. 
It  remained  there,  being  identified  by  prisoners  Noveniljer  1 1 . 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  general  commanding  the  2d  Guard  Reser\e  Division  was  decorated  in  February 
and  again  in  May.  The  last  decoration  was  Pour  le  M(5rite,  and  was  accompanied 
by  promotion.  August  15  Gen.  Petersdorff  reprimanded  the  division  because,  as  he 
said,  "  vdthin  11  days,  1  noncommissioned  officer  and  10  other  ranks  liave  been  missing 
from  the  division     *     *     *."     It  is  considered  as  a  second-class  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       59 


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60       DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(First  District — Oriental  Prussia.) 

1914. 

The  first  and  second  divisions  formed  the  1st  Army  (^'orps. 
Russia. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  2d  Di\dsion  was  sent  to  the  Russian  front.  Up 
to  the  month  of  November  it  participated  in  the  operations  in  Oriental  Prussia  (Tan- 
nenberg,  Aug.  27-29). 

2.  In  November,  1914,  the  2d  Division,  minus  one  l)rigadc,  which  continued  to 
hold  its  old  sector,  was  withdrawn  and  included  in  the  group  which  attacked  in  the 
direction  of  Lodz  and  operated  between  the  Vistula  and  the  Warta;  continuing  its 
acti\'ities,  it  attempted  to  cross  the  Bznra-Rawka  opposite  Warsaw  in  the  district 
of  Lowicz. 

1915. 

1.  At  the  l)eginning  of  February,  1915,  it  reappeared  in  Oriental  Prussia  and  par- 
ticipated in  the  offensi^•e  which  ejected  the  Russians  from  this  Province.  It  was 
engaged  in  its  entirety  in  the  district  of  I.yck  and  marched  upon  Augustowo  and 
Grodno. 

2.  The  Russian  counter  attack  launched  in  the  A-icinity  of  Prasnysz  toward  the 
end  of  March  drew  the  2d  Division  to  this  sector. 

3.  In  July  during  the  development  of  the  Hindenburg  offensive,  it  emerged  from 
the  Ostrolenka-Pultusk  line  and  proceeded  in  a  northerly  direction. 

4.  Upon  the  stabilization  of  the  front  the  2d  Division  held  a  sector  Ijetween  Illukst 
and  Lake  DrisAnaty  (Dwinsk  District). 

1916. 

1.  At  the  end  of  July,  1916,  portions  of  the  2d  Division  were  assigned  to  duty  in 
Galicia  to  oppose  the  Russian  advance. 

1917. 

1.  The  reconstituted  2d  Division  was  engaged  in  the  Mitau  sector  up  to  the  end  of 
January,  1917;  all  its  units  were  identified  in  the  vicinity  of  Kalnzen. 

2.  On  February  8  it  entrained  at  Mitau  for  the  western  front.  (Itinerary:  Chavli, 
Ko\-no,  InsterVmrg,  K6nigs])erg,  Stettin,  Hamliurg,  Miinster,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  lAbge, 
Louvain,  Bruxelles,  Audenarde.) 

Belgium. 

3.  Detrained  February  l.S  and  remained  at  rest  up  to  the  end  of  March.  It  received 
reinforcementsof  various  classes  of  men  (wounded,  convalescents,  classl917reser\'ists). 

4.  The  division  occupied  the  Wytschaet'e  sector  from  the  25th  of  March  to  the  be- 
ginning of  June.  (On  April  15  and  May  10  and  15  it  received  the  first  reinforcements 
from  the  class  of  1918,  the  last  having  had  only  three  months'  instruction;  in  all, 
4,400  men  between  January  1  and  June  1.)  On  June  7  it  left  2,825  men  in  the  hands 
of  British  troops. 

5.  On  June  10  the  2d  Division  retired  from  the  Belgian  front.  It  was  placed  at 
rest  in  the  district  of  Audenarde  in  June  and  then  entrained  for  the  eastern  front 
(end  of  June). 

Russia. 

6.  It  arrived  in  Russia  at  the  beginning  of  July  and  was  put  at  rest  in  the  district 
of  Vilna.     On  July  14  it  was  identified  in  the  Illukst  District. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       Gl 

France. 

7.  It  returned  to  France  on  the  25th  of  Kovembcr.  It  entrained  on  this  date  at 
Kovno  and  was  transported  over  the  following  itinerarj':  InsterVjurg,  Thorn,  Posen, 
Frankfort-sur-Oder,  Berlin,  Paderborn,  C'refeld,  Aix-la-Chapelle,  Li^ge,  Kamur, 
Vouziers  (Nov.  30). 

8.  On  December  27  it  relieved  the  Jst  Bavarian  Divisicn  in  the  iSouain-Somme-Py 
sector. 

VALUK l;n7    KSTIMATE. 

Except  during  the  period  March-June,  1917,  when  the  2d  Division  was  fighting  in 
Belgium,  it  continuously  occupied  the  Russian  front  from  the  beginning  of  the  war 
till  December,  1917. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  2d  Division  remained  in  line  in  the  Souaine-Somme-Py  region  until  relieved 
by  the  87th  Division  al>out  April  2.  It  Went  back  to  the  Army  depot  at  Semide, 
where  it  stayed  about  a  week  drilling  and  maneuvering.  April  10  it  entrained  at 
Machault,  and  went  via  Bethel,  Liart,  Marie,  and  detrained  at  La  Ferte-Chevresis, 
encamjnng  in  the  vicinity.  It  traveled  by  8t.  Simon  (Apr.  11),  Ham,  Solente  (5 
km.  east  of  Rove),  and  Laboissiere,  where  it  stayed  until  April  30. 

MONTDIDIEK. 

2.  May  1  the  division  relieved  the  51st  Reserve  Division  at  Monchel,  south  of 
Montdidier;  relieved  August  31. 

St.  Quextix. 

3.  The  division  was  identified  in  line  near  Essigny-le-Grand,  south  of  St.  Quentin, 
September  5;  it  was  relieved  about  the  15th  by  the  extension  of  the  fronts  of  the 
neighboring  divisions. 

4.  During  the  night  of  September  20-21  it  went  back  into  line  north  of  St.  Quentin, 
in  the  Bellenglise  sector.     It  was  wdthdrawn  about  the  10th. 

5.  The  division  rested  for  a  fortnight  in  the  Avesnes  area,  then  came  into,  line 
October  24,  relieving  the  19th  Reser\'e  Division  east  of  Ribemont  (southeast  of  St. 
Quentin).     It  was  >\ithdravvn  from  line  early  in  November  and  did  not  return. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  2d  is  rated  as  a  third-class  division.  It  was  used  in  a  great  deal  of  heavy  fighting 
and  suffered  severe  losses  (July  23  it  lost  54  officers  and  1,800  men  in  prisoners  alone 
A\-est  of  the  Avre;  the  9th  and  10th  of  August  it  lost  443  prisoners;  in  its  engagements 
between  August  8  and  October  1  it  lost  over  1 ,500  prisoners) .  Nevertheless,  it  was  never 
used  as  an  attacking  division,  but  confined  itself  to  holding  the  sectors  allotted  it; 
on  account  of  its  weakened  condition  and  lov.'ored  morale  (there  are  several  cases  of 
insubordination  on  record),  it  did  not  acquit  itself  any  t<jo  well. 


02       DIVISIONS  OF  OKH.MA.V  AliM  V  WHICil  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       63 

HISTORY. 

(Thirteenth  District — Wurtteml>erg. ) 

1914. 
Argonne. 

1.  The  2d  Landsturm  Division  (Franke  Divifiion)  forms  a  part  of  the  Argonne 
group  and  has  continuously  occupied  sectors  of  this  district  since  September,  1914. 
At  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  it  comprised  a  Wurttemberg  and  a  I'avarian  bri- 
gade.    Engaged  at  Etain  August  24,  1914,  it  crossed  the  Meuse  at  Stenay  on  the  31st. 

2.  beginning  with  September  it  occupied  the  line  in  the  woods  of  Cheppy  and 
Malancourt. 

1915. 
Argonne. 

1.  Vauquois-bois  de  Malancourt  sector. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September,  1915,  portions  of  the  division  (one  battalion  of  the 
6th  and  one  of  the  7th  Bavarian  Landsturm)  were  assigned  to  service  in  the  district 
of  Massiges;  they  rejoined  the  Vauquois  sector  at  the  end  of  October. 

1916. 
Argonne. 

1.  Vauquois-bois  d'Avocourt  and  Malancourt  sector. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  1916  the  2d  Landsturm  Division  was  reconstituted  with 
exclusively  Wurttemberg  elements,  including  the  120th  Landsturm,  withdrawn 
from  the  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division,  and  the  122d  Landsturm,  proceeding  from  the  lat 
Bavarian  Landsturm  Division.  The  9th  Bavarian  brigade  went  over  to  the  Ist 
Bavarian  Landsturm  Division. 

1917. 
Argonne. 

1.  In  the  Cheppy-bois  d'Avocourt  wood  sector. 

2.  At  the  end  of  August,  1917,  the  2d  Landsturm  Division  changed  places  with 
the  2d  Bavarian  Division  and  took  the  Nord  Four  sector  of  Paris-Bolante-Courte- 
Ohausse. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Sector  division.  Did  not  leave  Argonne  from  the  beginning  of  the  war.  On 
several  occasions  it  furnished  young  men  to  active  and  reserve  Wurttemberg  regi- 
ments, replacing  them  by  older  Landsturm  men. 

1918. 
-Vrgonne. 

The  division  remained  in  line  in  the  Ai)remont  sector,  engaging  in  but  little  activity 
until  the  American  attack  of  Sej)tember  26.  From  that  time  on  until  it  was  with- 
drawn, October  25,  it  fought  a  great  deal. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

Most  of  the  young  men  of  the  division  were  taken  from  it  to  be  sent  to  other  organi- 
zations early  in  the  year.  October  12  the  corps  commander  telegraphed  the  King  of 
Wurttemberg  (the  2d  Landwehr  Division  comes  from  Wurttemberg):  "The  2d  Land- 
wehr  Division  *  *  *  has  particularly  distinguished  itself  by  its  bravery  and  in- 
trepidity during  the  last  combats  in  the  Argonne  and  has  thus  contributed  toward  the 
failure  of  the  enemy's  attemi)t  to  break  through."  It  was  badly  used  on  the  opening 
day  of  the  American  attack,  but  it  fought  hard.  It  loaned  companies  to  various  other 
di\Tsions,  including  the  1st  and  5th  Guard  Divisions,  and  for  days  at  a  time  these 
Landwehr  troops  were  making  the  greatest  resistance  in  the  -Vire  Valley.  While 
thedivisiou  lo^t  only  795  prisoners  during  the  offensive,  its  total  losses  undoubtedly 
are  above  5,000,  there  being  evidence  to  show  that  many  companies  did  not  have 
more  than  25  men,  there  being  only  three  companies  per  battalion,  and— in  at  least 
one  case — only  two  battalions  in  the  regiment.     It  is  rated  aa  a  fourth-class  division. 


64       DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAX  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAIST  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.       65 

HISTORY. 
(First  Bavarian  District — Southwest  of  Bavaria,  Bavarian  Swabia.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  August  the  2d  Bavarian  Di\-ision  which,  vith  the  1st  Bava- 
rian DiAdsion,  formed  the  1st  Bavarian  Corps,  was  a  part  of  the  army  of  the  Crown 
Prince  of  Bavaria  (Hth  Army).  The  3d  Brigade,  covering  troops,  detrained  at  Reding 
near  Saarburg,  the  3d  of  August.  On  the  9th  the  division  was  at  its  full  strength.  It 
l)roceeded  to  the  frontier,  reached  Badon\-iIler,  and  retired  as  far  as  Gosselming  (west 
of  Saarburg)  the  17th  of  August,  gave  battle  there  on  the  20th,  and  recrossed  the 
frontier.  It  advanced  as  far  as  Xaffevillers  (Sept.  7),  whence  it  retired  to  Morhange 
(Sept.  10).  On  September  15  the  division  entrained  at  Metz.  It  detrained  near 
Namur,  gained  Peronne  by  stages,  and  was  engaged  at  Foucaucoiut  the  24th. 

SOMME. 

2.  Together  ^vith  the  1st  Bavarian  Corps  it  was  attached  to  the  2d  jVrmy  (Von 
Billow),  operating  on  the  Somme  in  the  district  of  Peronne.  It  took  part  in  the 
fiercely  contested  battles  which  took  place  there  but  a  short  time  after  the  stabiliza- 
tion of  the  front  and  suffered  serious  losses.  At  the  beginning  of  the  campaign, 
October  30,  the  12th  Infantry  had  50  officers  and  1,910  men  who  were  unable  to  take 
part  in  action  (lists  of  losses). 

3.  The  di\-ision  was  maintained  in  this  district  up  to  the  month  of  October,  1915, 
first  to  the  south  of  the  Somme,  later,  at  the  beginning  of  November,  1914,  between 
Dompierre  and  Maricourt. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1.  In  April,  1915,  the  division  was  reduced  to  three  regiments  through  the  cession 
of  the  3d  Infantry  to  the  11th  Bavarian  Di\dsion.  Between  the  10th  and  15th  of 
October,  1915,  the  2d  Bavarian  Division  was  placed  on  the  Artois  front  in  the  Neuville- 
Souchez  sector. 

2.  About  the  20th  of  December  it  was  in  the  line  at  Bailleul-Sire-Berthoult  between 
the  western  part  of  the  Lille  road  and  the  Arras  road. 

3.  It  remained  there  until  the  beginning  of  May,  1916. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  At  this  date  it  was  relieved  and  transported  to  Verdun.  It  participated  in  the 
violent  battles  which  took  place  there  in  May  and  June  in  the  ^^.cinity  of  Douaumont 
and  suffered  serious  losses  (50  per  cent  of  its  personnel).  It  was  reconstituted  in 
June  in  the  district  of  Merke-Romagne-sur-les-Cotes  (reinforcement  of  from  50  to  100 
men  per  company),  and  went  back  to  the  line  near  Thiaumont.  It  suffered  serious 
losses  in  the  attack  of  June  23  (the  companies  of  the  12th  Bavarian  Regiment  were 
reduced  to  about  40  men). 

Lorraine. 

2.  The  2d  Bavarian  Di^dsion  was  withdrawn  from  this  zone  of  combat  about  the 
15th  of  July  and  was  sent  to  the  Apremont-St.  Mihiel  sector,  where  it  was  reconsti- 
tuted. It  received  numerous  reinforcements  (convalescents  and  class  16  men). 
During  this  period,  which  extends  up  to  October  15,  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  serious 
operation. 

Somme. 

3.  At  the  end  of  October  it  was  transported  to  the  Somme  (Sailly-Saillisel  sector), 
where  it  was  again  put  to  a  severe  test. 

4.  After  stajing  a  month  in  the  Somme  district  it  reoccupied  the  lines  in  the  St. 
Mihiel  sector  at  the  beginning  of  December. 

125651°— 20 5 


66      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1917. 
Calikornie  Plateau. 

1.  The  2d  Bavarian  Division  was  withdrawn  from  the  St.  Mihiel  sector  between 
the  2d  and  5th  of  May,  1917,  and  entrained  at  Mars-la-Tour  on  the  Oth,  whence  it  was 
transported  via  Conflans  to  Montcornet,  where,  during  the  night  of  the  8th,  it  gained 
the  sector  situated  to  the  east  of  Hurtebise. 

2.  From  the  9th  on  the  2d  Bavarian  DiAision  engaged  some  of  its  elements  on  the 
salient  northeast  of  Californie  Plateau  (May  9  and  10). 

3.  The  division  occupied  this  sector  up  to  the  end  of  May  and  ])articipated  in 
serious  engagements  notably  those  of  the  13th  and  22d  of  May  to  the  northwest  of  the 
plateau.  It  was  put  to  a  very  severe  test.  (The  9th  Company  of  the  20th  Battalion 
was  reduced  to  45  men.) 

Argonne. 

4.  The  2d  Bavarian  Division  was  relieved  at  the  beginning  of  June  and  sent  to  rest 
for  15  days  at  Camp  Sissonne ;  later  it  was  transported  to  the  Argonne.  whore  it  occupied 
the  Grande  Courte-Chausse  sector.  During  this  rest  it  received  two  reinforcements— 
700  to  800  men  June  28  and  300  men  in  July. 

5.  At  the  end  of  August  it  changed  sectors  and  went  into  the  line  toward  Bois 
d'Avocourt  (Bois  de  Cheppy). 

Meuse. 

6.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  this  sector  at  the  end  of  October  and  remained 
in  repose  in  the  \dcinity  of  Stenay  up  to  the  middle  of  November,  whence  it  was  di- 
rected to  the  sector  west  of  the  Bois-le-Chaume.  The  12th  Bavarian  Regiment, 
which  had  been  sent  in  reserve  to  the  southeast  of  Altkirch  about  the  10th  of  Novem- 
ber  to  ward  off  an  expected  French  attack  in  Alsace,  rejoined  the  division  December  fi. 

7.  The  2d  Bavarian  Division  remained  in  this  sector  (southeast  of  Beaumont)  up 
to  January,  1918,  and  then  went  to  rest  in  the  district  of  Longwy. 

value — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  2d  Bavarian  Division  participated  on  the  9th  and  10th  of  May,  1917,  in  violent 
but  unsuccessful  counterattacks  on  the  salient  northeast  of  the  Californie  Plateau.  It 
appears  that  the  Bavarians  were  always  placed  in  the  most  dangerous  positions  and 
that  they  were  sacrificed  by  the  Prussians. 

In  spite  of  this  rendition  the  2d  Bav-arian  Division  still  showed  itself  as  a  good 

division  (July,  1917). 

1918. 
Meuse. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  north  of  the  Bois  des  Fosses  until  relieved  by  the 
19th  Reserve  Division,  January  14.  It  went  then  to  the  Longwy  region,  where  it  was 
put  through  a  stiff  course  of  training  in  open  warfare. 

Amiens. 

2.  March  23  it  entrained  at  Audun-le-Roman,  and  trav^eled  via  Longwj^-Sedan- 
Charleville-Hirson-Anor-Avesnes-Le  Cateau-Bertry-Caudry  to  Cambrai,  where  it 
detrained  March  24-25.  At  first  the  division  marched  in  the  direction  of  Bapaumes, 
but  was  diverted  in  a  southerly  direction  on  the  way  and  pa  ?ed  through  I.e  Transloy- 
Sailly-Saillisel-Peronne-Villers-Carbonnel-Estr^es-Foucaucourt  and  billeted  at  Beau- 
court-en-Santerre  on  the  night  of  March  30-31.  April  2  it  attacked  at  Morisel,  and 
two  days  later  to  the  southwest  of  Morisel.  It  fought  then  until  the  loth,  when  it 
side-slipped  to  the  north,  relieving  the  54th  Division,  its  place  being  taken  by  the 
15th  Division.     It  was  relieved  about  May  4  by  the  21st  Division. 

3.  It  moved  to  the  area  southeast  of  Ghent,  and  there  was  reconstituted  and  trained. 
June  2,  it  relieved  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  in  the  Morisel  sector.  It  was  relieved 
the  middle  of  the  rafunth  by  the  extension  of  fronts  of  the  neighboring  divisions. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAKTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       67 

Champagne. 

4.  It  rested  in  rear  of  the  front  in  Oliainpagne  for  about  a  month  and  then  entered 
line  in  the  Navarin  sector  (north  of  Souain),  being  identified  by  prisoners,  July  15. 
It  was  withdrawn  on  the  20th. 

Vesle. 

5.  August  4  the  division  relieved  the  22d  Division  at  Jonchery  (on  the  ^'esle,  east 
of  Fismes).  It  remained  in  line,  taking  part  in  the  general  rotii'ement,  initil  the 
armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  2d  Bavarian  is  one  of  the  very  best  German  shock  divisions.  It  was  called 
upon  to  do  a  great  deal  of  heavy  fighting,  and  always  acquitted  itself  well.  It  suffered 
severe  losses  in  consequence,  but  those  were  made  good  as  long  as  the  Geiman  High 
Command  had  replacements  at  its  disposal. 


68       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

2d.  Bavarian   Laiiclwclir  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry         

9  Bav.  Ldw. 

2  Bav.  Ldw. 
5  Bav.  Ldw. 
10  Bav.  Ldw. 

9  Bav.  Ldw. 

2  Bav.  Ldw. 

5  Bav.  Ldw. 
10  Bav.  Ldw. 

Cavalry 

5th  Sqn.  4th  Bav.  Light  Cav. 

3  Sqn.  1  Bav.  Res.  Cav.  Rgt. 

-\rtillery 

Art.  command: 

2  Bav.  Ldw.  F.  A.  Rgt. 
811  and  905  F.  A.  Btries. 

2  Bav.  Ldw.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(25Bav.)Eng.  Btn.: 

2  Bav.  Ldw.  Pion.  Co. 

3  Bav.  Ldw.  Pion.  Co. 
302  Bav.  T.  M.  Co. 
502  Tel.  Detch. 

25  Bav.  Pion.  Btn.: 

2  Bav.  Ldw.  Pion.  Co. 

3  Bav.  Ldw.  Pion.  Co. 

12  Bav.  Searchlight  Section. 
502  Signals  Command : 
502  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary . 

24  Bav.  Ambulance  Co. 
17  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 
63  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 
32  Vet.  Hospital. 

24  Bav.  Ambulance  Co. 
63  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 
17  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 

TrfvnspnrfJR 

M.  T.  Col. 

Attached 

156  Labor  Btn. 

HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 
1917. 

The  2(1  Bavarian  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  in  Lorraine  at  the  end  of  Dccemher, 
1916,  and  the  beginning  of  January,  1917.  Two  of  ita  regiments,  the  5th  Bavarian 
Landwehr  and  the  10th  Bavarian  Landwehr,  were  assigned  respectively  to  the  1st 
Bavarian  Landwehr  Division  and  the  3.3d  Reserve  Division,  at  that  time  on  the 
Lorraine  front.  The  2d  Bavarian  Landwehr  was  ceded  by  the  6th  Bavarian  Land- 
wehr Division,  which  held  a  Vosges  sector. 
Russia. 

1.  As  soon  as  it  Wiis  constituted  the  2d  Bavarian  Landwehr  Division  was  transported 
to  the  Eastern  front  \da  Frankfort  and  Leipzig. 

COURLANDE. 

2.  Directed  to  Courlande  and  attached  to  the  8th  Army  it  entered  the  line  in  the 
vicinity  of  Fricdrichstadt  (middle  of  January,  1917)  and  remained  in  this  district 
up  till  February,  1918.  In  Septeml)er  it  participated  in  the  operations  against  Riga. 
In  December  a  number  of  men  were  detached  in  order  to  reinforce  the  10th  Bavarian 
Division. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

It  remained  on  the  Russian  front  from  the  time  of  its  formation  (January,  1917).  It 
held  the  calm  sector  of  Courlande  in  1917;  it  occupied  Livonia  in  1918  (May).  Men 
imder  35  years  of  age  were  withdrawn  from  the  5th  Bavarian  Landwehr  in  December, 
1917  (letter).     It  is  rated  as  a  4th  class  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       69 

2d  Cavalry  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Cavalrv                     

22  Cav.  (11  C.  D.). 
25  Cav.  (18  C.  Dist.). 

7  Bav.  Cav.  (Sieben- 
burgische). 

5  Drag.  Rgt. 

14  Uus.  Rgt. 

23  Od.  Drag.  Rgt.  (1 
S(in.  Detch.). 

24  Gd.  Drag.  Rgt.  (3 
Sqn.  detached). 

4  iiav.  Light  Cav.  Rgt. 
(3  Sqn.  detached). 

5  Bav.  Light  Cav.  Rgt. 
(3  Sqn.  detached). 

Artillery 

15  Horse  Art.  Abt. 

2  Vac.  Pi  on.  Detch. 
7  Cav.  Pion.  Deteh.. 
200  Bav.  T.  M.  Co. 

21  Ambulance  Co. 

Odd  units                                             . 

2  M.  C .  Btrv. 

3  M.  G.  Btry. 

4  Jag.  Btn. 

1  Cyclist  Co.  3  Jag.  Btr 

2  Cyclist  Co.  3  Jag.  Bti 

* 

1. 
1. 

HISTORY. 


1918. 


1.  The  division  was  in  the  Stochod  sector  until  February  28,  when  it  advanced 
through  Kiev  and  Kharhov  to  Rostov,  where  it  was  on  August  4.  At  this  date  the 
division  occupied  the  area  between  Kharkov  and  Rostov.  The  troops  were  fre- 
quently attacked  by  armed  bands  or  by  mobs.  In  this  way  they  suffered  some  hea\'y 
losses.  The  German  cruiser  Goebcn,  which  had  lieen  supporting  them,  was  damaged 
by  fire  and  had  to  put  into  Constantinople. 

Nothing  was  known  of  the  division's  movements  after  Augtist,  1918. 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE.      ' 

The  division  was  considered  as  4th  class. 


I 


70      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       71 

HISTORY. 

1915. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  2d  Naval  Di\nsion,  formed  November  24,  1914,  was  a  part  of  the  Naval 
Corps  at  this  time. 

Since  its  formation  the  6th  Naval  Fusileer  Regiments  of  the  Corps  alternate  in 
Flanders  between  the  coast  sector  (2d  Naval  Division)  and  the  sea  front  (1st  Naval 
Di^^sion). 

1916. 

2.  In  September,  1916,  the  3d  Naval  Infantry  Regiment  was  transferred  to  the 
Naval  Division,  which  later  became  the  3d  Naval  Division,  engaged  on  the  Somme. 

1917. 
Flanders. 

Sector  of  the  coast  and  sea  front.  The  staff  of  the  2d  Naval  Division  remained  in 
charge  of  the  coast  sector. 

1918. 

1.  In  early  March  the  di\'ision  was  relieved  in  its  sector  southeast  of  Nieuport  and 
took  over  the  coast  sector  from  the  3d  Naval  Division.  Elements  of  the  division 
reinforced  the  German  attacking  forces  north  of  Bixschoote  on  April  17. 

2.  After  October  15,  the  di\dsion  retreated  toward  Ostend  and  Maldeghem.  It  was 
last  identified  at  Wachtebeke  on  November  2.  On  the  day  of  the  armistice  it  was 
considered  to  be  in  reserve  of  the  4th  Army. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


72       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.        i  6 

HISTORY. 

1914. 
France. 

1.  In  August,  1914,  the  3d  Guard  Division  was  first  directed  to  the  Western  Front. 
It  fought  below  Namur. 

Russia. 

2.  The  27th  of  August  the  di\'ision  was  transported  to  Silesia  ^^a  Oriental  Prussia. 
It  took  part  in  the  invasion  of  southern  Poland. 

3.  The  group  of  aiTnies  of  which  it  formed  a  part  was  turned  back  and  was  obliged 
to  retire  to  Lodz. 

4.  During  the  winter  of  1914-15  it  took  part  in  the  severe  engagements  on  the 
Bzura. 

1915.  ■ 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  1915  the  3d  Guard  Division  was  dismembered ;  the  5th  Brigade 
was  Bent  to  Oriental  Prussia;  the  6th  Brigade,  to  the  south  of  the  Carpathians,  was 
engaged  in  the  Uzsok  defile  district. 

2.  In  March,  1915,  the  6th  Brigade  alone  formed  the  3d  Guard  Di\Tsion,  with  the 
addition  of  the  9th  Grenadier  Regiment  to  its  own  two  regiments.  Thus  formed,  the 
3d  Guard  Division  took  part  in  the  campaign  of  the  summer  of  1915.  (Carpathians 
Oriental  Galicia.     Linsingen's  army.) 

3.  The  di\-ision  took  up  its  position  before  Tamopol  and  passed  the  winter  of  1915-16 
there.     (Bothmer's  army.) 

1*916. 
France. 

1.  In  April,  1916,  the  3d  Guard  DiWsion  was  transported  to  the  Western  Front. 
It  occupied  a  sector  in  Champagne  and  took  part  in  no  serious  engagements. 

2.  It  was  sent  to  rest  at  Valenciennes  the  1st  of  June. 

SOMME. 

3.  The  1st  of  July  (beginning  of  the  Franco-British  offensive)  the  3d  Guard  Division 
went  into  the  line  on  the  Somme.  It  was  put  to  a  severe  test  there,  particularly  in 
the  Thiepval  district  (57.5  per  cent  loss). 

4.  After  the  Somme  it  was  sent  to  the  Dixmude  front. 
Galicl\. 

5.  It  was  transported  to  Galicia  (beginning  of  September)  b}^  the  following  itinerarj-: 
Li^ge,  Cologne,  Leipzig,  Dresden,  Cracow,  Przemysl. 

6.  At  Halicz  the  3d  Guard  Division  took  part  in  the  German  counteroffensive, 
and  again  suffered  great  losses. 

France. 

7.  It  was  sent  back  to  the  Western  Front  on  the  24th  of  November  by  the  following 
itinerary:  Lemberg,  JarosUiw,  Gorlitz,  Dresden,  Chemnitz,  Nurnberg,  Heilbronn, 
Strasbourg,  Mulhouse,  Rheinweiler,  and  ha\'ing  arrived  there  the  20th  of  November, 
was  sent  to  rest  for  a  month. 

1917. 

L()RR.\INE. 

1.  Beginning  with  January  and  up  to  April  6,  1917,  the  diWsion  occupied  the  sector 
of  the  forest  of  Parroy. 

2.  The  Sth  of  April  it  entrained  at  Metz,  and  arrived  at  Cambrai  via  Montmedy, 
Sedan,  and  Charleville 


74      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTIGIPATEP  IN  WAR. 

Artois. 

3.  Engaged  in  action  before  Arras  in  order  to  repulse  the  English  offensive  fi-om 
April  15  on,  it  participated  in  severe  battles  (May). 

4.  On  the  ISth  of  May  the  di\-ision  was  relieved  and  sent  into  the  Cambrai  district. 
After  a  short  period  of  repose  it  occupied  the  Pronville-Inchy-en-Artois  sector  (.Tune 
1-22). 

5.  It  was  sent  in  reserve  to  the  Bruges  sector  (June  22). 

6.  It  was  transported  to  Thourout  the  9th  of  July  and  remained  there  at  rest  until 
July  29. 

Ypres. 

7.  On  the  31st  of  July,  the  date  of  the  great  British  attack,  the  3d  Guard  Di\'ision 
suffered  very  hea\y  losses  (1,000  prisoners)  in  relie\dng  the  23d  Reserve  Division  in 
the  Pilken  sector. 

Alsace. 

8.  It  was  relieved  the  5th  and  Oth  of  August  and  transported  to  Alsace,  where  it 
was  placed  at  rest.     At  the  beginning  of  September  it  occupied  the  Altlcirch  sector. 

Fr-ANDERS. 

9.  About  the  7th  of  October  the  division  was  again  sent  to  Flanders  to  the  northeast 
of  Zonnebecke. 

10.  The  3d  Guard  Di\ision  left  the  Ypres  front  (Zonnebecke)  at  the  beginning  of 
November,  1917. 

Cambrai. 

11.  After  remaining  in  the  Adcinity  of  Ghent  it  went  into  action  before  Cambrai 
near  the  Bourlon  wood  (Nov.  22). 

12.  It  was  relieved  the  10th  of  December  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Vendegies 
District  (south  of  Valenciennes — di\dsion  maneuvers). 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1.  The  division  returned  to  the  line  in  the  sector,  southwest  of  Cambrai  on  January 
10,  relicNdng  the  21st  Reserve  Di^■ision.  It  remained  in  line  until  the  119th  DiA-ision 
relieved  it  on  February  12. 

2.  The  di%ision  retired  to  Ilem-Lenglet  (north  of  Cambrai)  where  it  rested  and  under- 
went instruction. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

3.  The  division  entered  the  lino  on  March  19,  between  Inchy-en-ArtoLs  and  Pron\'ille. 
Engaged  in  the  advance  between  the  21st  and  24th.  It  suffered  heavy  losses  on  the 
22d  in  the  fighting  north  of  Beaumetz,  passing  to  the  second  line  on  the  24th.  The 
division  came  back  and  participated  in  the  fighting  about  Bucquoy  and  Hebuterne, 
March  2G-April  3. 

4.  Returning  from  the  Somme  front  about  April  4,  the  di\isiou  was  at  rest  until 
April  18. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

5.  The  di\'ision  was  engaged  on  the  Lys,  northeast  of  Estaires,  after  April  IS.  then 
north  of  Kemmel  from  April  30  to  May  5.     Heavy  losses  featured  the  fighting. 

6.  After  resting  at  Ilalluin  for  seven  days  the  division  was  moved  by  rail  to  Lorraine 
by  the  route  Namur,  Treves.  Saarbruck,  Sarreguemines. 

LORR.MNE. 

7.  On  May  18  the  di^^sion  relieved  the  202d  Division  in  the  Chateau  Salins  sector. 
\\niile  in  this  quiet  sector  the  diNdsion  received  reinforcements,  ^\^len  it  left  the  line 
on  June  24,  the  division  was  comparatively  fresh  and  an  available  reinforcement  for 
a  battle  front. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       75 

Champagne. 

8.  On  leaving  Lorraine  the  division  moved  1o  Ho/.ay-snr-Tjpno,  July  I,  and  later 
southward  to  Hannogne. 

9.  In  the  offensive  of  July  15,  the  di\'ision  fought  east  of  Rheims  in  the  region  of 
dcs  Monts.  Between  the  15(h  and  31st  heavy  losses  were  suffered.  It  is  knowTi  to 
have  received  a  draft  of  300  men  in  July. 

10.  While  at^rest  behind  the  Champagne  front  further  drafts  of  men  from  Russia  and 
Rumania  were  received. 

11.  The  di\dsion  held  the  line  in  Champagne  north  of  St.  Hilaire-le-Grand  from 
August  15  to  September  18. 

12.  Upon  relief  the  division  was  first  sent  to  Laon,  but  was  hastily  entrained  and 
hurried  to  Machault,  where  it  entered  the  line  immediately. 

Battle  op  Argonne. 

13.  From  September  27  to  October  5  the  di\'ision  was  engaged  between  Somme-Py 
and  Manre;  then  it  fought  near  Orfeuil  where  900  prisoners  were  lost.  Acting  as  a 
rear  guard,  the  di\'ision  covered  the  retreat  from  Machault  to  Voziers.  Extremely 
heavy  losses  were  reported  in  this  period. 

14.  \Mthdrawn  on  the  8th,  the  di\'ision  was  moved  by  truck  to  Romagne.  After 
two  days  in  reserve  it  entered  the  line  on  the  12th,  now  opposing  the  first  American 
Army.  In  this  sector  it  fought  \dgorously,  making  perhaps  the  stiffest  resistance 
encountered  in  the  offensive. 

15.  The  division  went  out  on  October  17  and  rested  until  the  2r)th. 

IG.  Reengaged  northeast  of  Attigny  (Rilly-aux-Dies)  on  the  2r)th,  the  di\'ision 
continued  in  line  until  the  armistice.  The  last  identification  was  southeast  of  Mezieres 
on  November  7.  Five  hundred  prisoners  were  lost  by  the  di^^sion  during  their  last 
period  in  line. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  3d  Guard  Division  was  rated  as  one  of  the  best  German  di\asions.  It  was 
completely  exhausted  in  the  offensive  of  March  and  April  and  suffered  from  a  low 
morale  in  July  and  August.  The  Argonne  Battle  losses  were  very  severe  for  the 
division.     The  regiments  were  reduced  to  200  and  300  effectives. 


76       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       77 
HISTORY. 

THIRD    DIVISION. 

(Second  Di.'^trict — Pomerania). 
1914. 

1.  The  3d  and  4th  Divit^ion  together  composed  the  2d  Army  Corps  (Stettin). 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  it  gave  up  one  of  its  five  regiment'^,  the  54th  Infantry, 
for  the  formation  of  the  36th  Reserve  Division,  which  operated  against  Russia. 
Belgium. 

3.  In  August,  1914,  the  3d  Division  formed  a  part  of  the  1st  Army  (Von  Kluck). 
It  invaded  Belgium  the  13th  and  14th  of  August,  passing  through  Vise  (Aug.  14), 
Hasselt  (Aug.  17),  Aerschot  (Aug.  19),  Laeken  (Aug.  21)  and  entered  France  on 
the  24th. 

Marne. 

4.  It  was  at  Cambrai  on  the  26th  and  on  the  Somme  the  28th.  It  took  part  in  the 
Battle  of  the  Marne  at  Vareddes  on  the  7th  of  September  (district  northeast  of  Meaux). 

5.  Was  situated  to  the  north  of  Soissons  after  the  retreat.  The  2d  of  October  it 
was  in  the  district  south  of  Roye;  on  the  4th  it  fought  near  Beauvraignes. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  November  it  was  transported  to  Flanders  (Wytschaete- 
Messines  District)  where  it  remained  till  the  end  of  the  month. 

Russia. 

7.  It  then  entrained  for  Russia  (end  of  November).  On  its  arrival  it  was  di\dded. 
The  5th  Brigade  was  attached  to  the  8th  Army  in  Oriental  Prussia,  the  6th  Brigade 
to  the  10th  Army  to  the  east  of  Lodz. 

1915. 

1.  During  the  first  months  of  1915  the  two  brigades  remained  separated  and  changed 
position  with  their  respective  armies.  The  5th  Brigade  went  into  the  government 
of  Souvalki  near  the  frontier  of  Oriental  Prussia;  the  6th  into  Poland  near  Prasnysz 
and  the  Narew. 

2.  In  May,  at  the  time  of  the  formation  of  new  divisions,  the  5th  Brigade  was 
broken  up.  The  2d  Grenadiers,  then  in  Courlaud,  went  over  to  the  Homeyer 
Brigade  which  then  became  the  109th  Division;  the  9th  Grenadiers  went  as  the 
third  Regiment  to  the  3d  Guard  Division  which  abandoned  one  of  its  brigades  (the 
5th  Guard)  forthe  formation  of  a  4th  Guard  Division. 

3.  The  3d  Division,  reduced  to  the  6th  Brigade,  completed  itself  by  the  addition 
of  the  4th  Landwehr  Regiment  (1st,  2d,  and  4th  Battalions).  The  progress  of  the 
Russian  offensive  conducted  it  into  the  Vidzy  District,  where  it  firmly  established 
itself. 

1916. 

1.  Its  composition  varied  still  more  in  the  course  of  the  year  1910  and  it  lost  the 
two  active  regiments  which  it  still  had.  The  42d  Infantry  left  it  in  September  to 
go  to  the  Kovel  District  and  from  there  to  Macedonia;  in  December  the  34th  Fusil- 
liers  left  it  definitely  in  order  to  go  to  Courland.  In  exchange  it  received  two  regi- 
ments formed  in  the  autumn,  the  426th  and  the  428th  Infantry. 

1917. 

1.  There  was  no  change  of  composition  or  position  during  1917. 

1918. 

The  division  remained  in  the  east  throughout  the  year.  Its  movements  were 
obscure.     The  division  was  rated  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEEiMAX  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       79 

HISTORY. 

(Fifth  District— Posen.) 

1914. 
Russia. 

At  tlie  beginning  of  the  war  the  3d  Landwelir  Division  formed  a  part  of  tlie  2d 
LandM'elir  Corps  (okl  (Jtli  Landwehr  Corps)  and  ahvays  occupied  the  eastern  front. 
Poland. 

1.  Up  to  the  German  offensive  of  tlie  summer  of  1915  the  3d  Landwelu"  Division, 
ahmg  wdth  the  2d  Landwehr  Corps,  participated  in  the  Polish  campaign.  At  the 
end  of  October,  1914,  it  Was  identified  before  Warsaw  (Rawa- Vistula);  in  the  middle 
of  November  it  was  in  retreat  to  the  south  and  east  of  Czenstochow;  in  December  it 
was  to  the  west  of  Kielce. 

1915. 
Poland. 

1.  In  January,  1915,  the  2d  Landwehr  Corps  was  still  in  the  Kielce  District. 

2.  Toward  the  middle  of  February  a  brigade  (19tli  Landwehr  Brigade)  M-as  detached 
to  the  northeast  of  Warsaw  (Plock-Mlawa).  Reassembled  to  the  west  of  Kielce  in 
April,  the  3d  Landwelir  Division  remained  between  the  Vistula  and  the  Pilica  until 
July. 

Baranovitchi. 

3.  The  di\Tsion  took  part  in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians  (July-August); 
it  was  before  Ivangorod  July  20  and  arrived  in  tlie  viciiiitj-  of  Baranovitchi  toward 
the  end  of  August. 

4.  In  October  it  was  in  the  line  near  Goroditche.  In  November  it  took  the  Liakho- 
\itclii sector  (south  of  Baranovitchi). 

1916. 

].  The  3d  Landwehr  Division  remained  to  the  southeast  of  Baranovitchi  (Liakho- 
vitchi)  for  more  than  two  years  (November,  1915-January,  1918).  The  37th  Land- 
wehr became  independent  in  July,  1916,  and  received  various  successive  additions. 
About  the  same  date  the  3d  Landwehr  Division  furnished  a  part  of  the  elements 
necessary  to  the  formation  of  the  420th  Infantry.  In  return  the  327th  Landwehr 
Was  assigned  to  it,  and  it  kept  this  regiment  until  June,  1917,  ceding  it  at  that  time 
to  the  4th  Landwelir  Di\-ision. 

1917. 

1 .  Liakhovitchi  sector.  In  November  the  3d  Landwehr  Division  sent  an  important 
reinft)rcement  to  the  9th  Division  (particularly  to  the  7th  Grenadiers);  two  months 
later  a  smaller  reinforcement  Was  sent  to  the  43d  Reserve  Division,  which  was  pre- 
paring to  leave  the  eastern  front. 

1918. 

The  division  remained  in  the  eastern  theatre  throughout  the  year. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  remained  on  the  Russian  front  from  the  beginning  of  the  war. 
Fighting  value  mediocre.     It  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


80       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       81 

HISTORY. 

(Second  Bavarian  District — Bavaria,  Bavarian  Palatinate.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1.  At  the  time  of  the  declaration  of  war  the  3d  Bavarian  Division  and  the  4th  Bava- 
rian Division  constituted  the  2d  Bavarian  Army  Corps.  At  the  beginning  of  August, 
1914,  the  2d  Bavarian  Army  Corps  formed  a  part  of  the  61h  Army  (Crown  Prince  of 
Bavaria).  It  detrained  at  Faulquemont  (Lorraine)  on  August  8,  and  the  3d  Bava- 
rian ri.ision  was  to  the  north  of  Cliateau-Salins  on  the  JOth.  It  took  ])art  in  the 
Battle  of  Morhange  on  the  20th,  jiassed  the  frontier,  pillaged  Gerbev-iller  on  its  way, 
and  advanced  as  far  aa  the  left  bank  of  the  Mortagne.  Forced  to  turn  back,  it 
moved  near  Metz  the  15th  of  September  and  entrained  the  19th. 
Somme-Flanders. 

2.  Similar  to  the  1st  Bavarian  Army  Corps,  the  2d  Bavarian  Army  Corps  was 
attached  to  the  2d  Army  and  fought  in  the  Peronne  District  (end  of  September) ;  then 
it  was  transported  to  Flanders,  where  it  rejoined  the  6th  Army. 

3.  From  November,  1914,  to  October,  1915,  the  2d  Bavarian  Army  Corps  occupied 
the  front  from  the  Ypres-Comines  Canal  as  far  as  Douve.  During  this  period  it  gen- 
erally remained  on  the  defensive. 

1915. 

1.  In  April,  1915,  the  3d  Bavarian  Division  ceded  the  22d  Infantry  to  the  11th 
Bavarian  Division,  formed  at  this  time. 

In  June,  1915,  the  3d  Bavarian  Division  was  sent  as  a  reinforcement  for  a  short 
time  to  the  Arras  sector. 
Artois. 

2.  In  the  month  of  October  the  2d  Bavarian  Army  Corps  (3d  and  4th  Bavarian 
Divisions)  was  transported  to  the  Auchy-Loos  sector  and  kept  there  until  August,  1916. 

1916. 

1.  In  the  Loos  sector  the  2d  Bavarian  Army  Corps  showed  itself  very  active.  It 
undertook  mine  works  and  executed  them  with  great  rapidity.  At  the  end  of  April 
it  attempted  a  gas  attack;  this  latter  had  no  success,  however. 

SOMME. 

2.  The  3d  Bavarian  Division  left  the  Loos  sector  with  its  Army  Corps  about  August 
25  and  went  into  the  Somme  District.  It  occupied  the  Martinpuich-Bazentin-le- 
Petit  sector  up  to  the  15th  of  September  and  fought  ^nth  characteristic  stubbornness. 
Its  total  losses  during  this  period  reached  4,976  men  (55  per  cent). 

3.  The  Division  retired  from  the  Somme  September  27  and  was  sent  to' the  Douve 
sector  (from  this  river  to  the  Armentiferes- Lille  railroad).  It  remained  there  till  the 
end  of  March,  1917. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1.  The  3d  Bavarian  Division  was  relieved  from  Armentieres  March  20,  1917.  It 
was  transported  to  the  Arras  District,  situated  on  the  Scarpe  front,  on  April  11.  It 
suffered  considerable  loss  in  the  two  unfortunate  counterattacks  of  Monchy-le-Preux 
and  in  the  French  counterattack  of  April  23. 

2.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  April  25  and  sent  to  rest  in  the 
Roubaix  zone  until  the  beginning  of  June. 

Flanders. 

3.  On  June  5  the  3d  Bavarian  Division  began  to  relieve  the  40th  Division  in  the 
Messines  sector.  The  P>ritish  attack  took.place  on  the  7th  during  this  relief.  The 
division  lost  the  village  and  the  summit  of  Messines.  It  suffered  considerable  loss 
and  left  1,531  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  enemy.  (The  17th  Battalion  was  reduced 
to  800  men;  the  23d  suffered  about  equal  losses;  the  18th  lost  fewer  men.) 
Lorraine. 

4.  The  3d  Bavarian  Division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Messines  sector  June  8,  1917, 
and  taken  to  the  Conflans  area.    After  a  short  period  of  repose,  duiing  which  it 

125651°— 20 G 


82       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

was  partially  reconstituted,  it  was  put  into  the  line  in  the  sector  of  the  Bezange  forest 
(south  of  Chateau-Salins)  July  18. 

5.  The  3d  Bavarian  Di^•ision  received  a  reinforcement  of  4,500  men— convalescents, 
exclusively — between  June  8  and  the  end  of  August.  (At  the  end  of  August  the 
personnel  averaged  only  120  men  who  drew  rations  (80  combatants)  per  company  in 
the  17th  Battalion.)  The  losses  sustained  the  7th  of  June  had  not  been  made  good 
by  the  28th  of  August. 

C.  The  division  was  sent  into  Lorraine  for  rest  and  rcconstitution,  remaining  on  the 
defensive,  and  pursuing  the  instruction  of  its  detachments  in  the  use  of  light  niinne- 
werfers  and  assault  tactics. 

AlSNE. 

7.  It  left  Lorraine  in  the  middle  of  October.  On  the  28th  it  occupied  the  Aisne 
front  to  the  north  of  Braye-en-Laonnois  (Trucy  sector).  The  17th  r>attalion  was  the 
only  one  to  engage  in  the  October  battles  which  preceded  the  German  retreat  to  the 
north  of  the  Ailette. 

V.\LUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  3d  Bavarian  Division  is  one  of  the  best  German  units. 

It  always  fought  well,  showing  great  energy  in  the  offensive  and  preserving  a  great 
tenacity  in  the  defensive. 

Nevertheless,  the  fighting  value  of  this  division  appears  to  have  diminished  during 

the  course  of  the  year  1917. 

1918. 

1.  About  January  1  the  division  was  relieved  and  went  into  training  in  the  region 
Fournes-Chimay,  where  it  remained  for  four  weeks. 

St.  Gobain. 

2.  The  division  relieved  the  47th  Reserv  e  Division  near  Septvaux  about  February 
1,  and  occupied  the  line  until  March  28. 

3.  Retired  fiom  the  front  on  the  28th;  the  division  was  sent  toward  Ghauny-La 
Fere,  where  it  constituted  the  reserve  division  of  the  8th  Reserve  Corps. 

NOYON. 

4.  In  April  the  div'ision  alternated  between  short  i)oriods  in  line  and  brief  rests. 
North  of  Plcmont  it  relieved  the  7th  Reser\-e  Division  about  April  2,  was  relieved  by 
the  1st  Bavarian  Division  a  few  days  later,  and  returned  to  line  about  April  11,  reliev- 
ing the  1st  Bavarian  Division.  About  this  time  the  division  received  a  draft  of  900 
men  of  the  1919  class. 

5.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Lassigny  front  about  May  25. 

B-^TTLE    OF  THE   OlSE. 

G.  The  division  participated  in  the  Oise  fighting  of  June,  although  it  did  not  take 
a  direct  part  in  the  opening  attack.  It  supported  the  effort  of  the  3d  Bavarian  Reserve 
Division,  lending  some  battalions,  from  which  prisoners  were  taken.  About  the 
middle  of  June  the  div ision  passed  to  the  second  line,  rested  two  weeks,  and  returned 
to  the  Montdidier-Noyon  front  about  June  30. 

Lassigny. 

7.  The  division  remained  in  line  throughout  July  and  encountered  the  Allied  attack 
of  middle  August.     About  August  21  it  was  withdrawn. 

8.  Between  August  21  and  October  7  the  division  was  not  satisfactorily  identified. 
Elements  were  reported  near  Terguier  in  September,  near  Ypres,  and  in  the  region 
of  St.  Etienne-Ames. 

WOEVIIE. 

9.  The  division  entered  the  Woevre  line  on  (^(^tober  7,  near  Manlieulles,  where  it 
remained  until  the  armistice. 

value — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  di\  i^ion  was  used  during  1918  as  a  sector-holding  div  ision.  It  took  no  promi- 
nent part  in  the  offensives  of  the  year. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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84       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(2d  District — Pomerania.) 

1914. 

East  Prussia-Russia. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  tlie  3d  Reserve  Division,  recruited  in  the  2d  District 
(Pomerania),  formed  a  part  of  the  8th  German  Army  (llindenburg).  It  fought  with 
this  army  in  eastern  Prussia;  it  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Tannenberg  (Aug.  26-28), 
in  the  battles  of  Biallo,  Lyck,  Suwalki,  and  Augustowo  (September-October). 

1915. 

1.  In  February,  1915,  the  3d  Reserve  Division  participated  in  tlie  battle  of  the 
Mazurian  Lakes,  and  in  May  in  the  battles  on  the  Polish  frontier. 

2.  During  the  great  offensive  of  the  summer  of  1915  the  division  was  engaged  in  the 
operations  on  the  Bobr,  which  resulted  in  the  taking  of  Ossovietz.  In  August  it 
fought  in  the  vicinity  of  Kovno.  It  participated  in  the  siege  of  tlus  city  (Aug.  13-18) 
at  the  battle  of  Niemen  (Aug.  19-Sept.  8).  When  the  front  was  stabilized  it  took  posi- 
tion to  the  north  of  Smorgoni  (southeast  of  \'ilna). 

1916. 

1.  The  3d  Reserve  Division  occupied  this  sector  (north  of  Smorgoni)  up  to  March, 
1917.     At  tliis  time  it  was  placed  in  reserve  in  the  Yilna  sector. 

Belgium. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  May,  1917,  it  was  sent  to  the  western  front.  It  entrained 
May  13  at  Soly  (east  of  Vilna),  and  was  transported  \'ia  Vilna,  Wirballen,  Gumbinnen, 
Berlin,  Hanover,  Aix-la-Ohapelle,  Liege,  Louvain,  and  Brussels  up  to  Bruges,  where 
it  detrained  May  18.     It  was  sent  to  rest  in  this  district  until  June  4. 

3.  On  this  date  the  division  was  transported  to  the  district  north  of  St.  Quentin  and 
went  into  the  line  on  the  8th  in  the  Vendhuille-Bellicourt  sector  (west  of  Catelet), 
where  it  habituated  itself  to  the  western  front. 

1917. 
Ypres. 

4.  The  division  was  relieved  the  end  of  July.  After  ha\-ing  been  in  reserve  for 
several  days  it  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Ypres  on  the  Frezenberg  front  on  August  4; 
here  it  was  severely  tried  by  artillery  fire. 

5.  It  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  August  18  and  sent  to  rest,  first  at  Tournai  and 
later  in  the  Moorslede  District. 

6.  On  September  23  it  was  again  sent  into  the  line  in  the  battle  of  Flanders  to  the 
south  of  Zonnebeke  (Polygone  wood),  and  again  suffered  serious  losses  on  the  26th. 
Alsace. 

7.  The  3d  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  Septem])er  28  and  transported  to  Alsace 
(Mulhouse  District),  wliere  it  remained  in  repose  up  to  the  middle  of  October. 

8.  About  the  10th  or  15th  of  October  it  occupied  the  sector  north  of  the  canal  from 
the  Rhone  to  the  Rhine,  and  remained  there  till  the  end  of  October. 

9.  At  this  time  it  was  wTthdrawn  from  the  front.  It  entrained  for  Metz  Novem- 
ber 10.     In  December  it  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Sissone. 

AlSNE. 

10.  Al>out  December  13  it  entered  the  line  in  the  Craonne  sector  (Juvincourt  area). 
At  the  beginning  of  January  it  took  over  the  neighboring  sector  (Bouconville). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       85 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

Verj'  mediocre  morale.  The  49th  Reserve  Regiment  was  very  severely  tested  by 
losses  and  desertions  to  ench  a  point  that  it  liad  to  be  returned  to  the  rear  after  August 
18,  1917.  September  26  the  8th  Company  of  the  same  regiment  refused  to  take  part 
in  the  attack.  The  relatively  high  proportion  of  men  of  the  2d  Landsturm  levy 
may  be  responsible  for  these  facts,  since  they  formed  part  of  the  regiments  of  the 
Second  District. 

According  to  prisoners  captured  in  February,  1918,  the  3d  Reserve  Div-ision  seemed 
to  be  of  mediocre  quality:  "6,000  men  lost  in  Flanders,  poorly  replaced  by  men 
50  per  cent  of  whom  were  old,  many  being  above  40,  and  by  30  per  cent  Poles." 

Nevertheless,  despite  the  mediocrity  of  its  personnel,  it  must  be  noted  that  the 
49th  Reserve  was  subjected  to  a  special  training  for  attack  troops  in  November  and 
December. 

1918. 
Laon. 

1.  The  division  held  the  line  in  the  Craonne  sector  until  about  April  20,  when  it 
was  relieved. 

OlSE. 

2.  It  reappeared  on  May  1  near  Hainvillers  (southeast  of  Montdidier),  where  it  re- 
mained until  about  June  20.  The  division  was  in  the  thick  of  the  June  fighting  on 
the  Oiseand  lost  hea\'ily. 

3.  About  June  20  the  division  went  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Guise. 
Marne. 

4.  The  division  participated  in  the  fighting  between  the  Marne  and  Soissons  when 
the  Allies  delivered  their  attack  on  the  Marne  salient.  It  relieved  the  115th  Di^^sion 
at  Longpont  on  July  18  and  withstood  the  attack  until  July  31.  The  49th  Reserve 
Regiment  was  almost  annihilated  in  the  course  of  the  fighting  near  Mery.  The  other 
regiments  were  reduced  to  70-80  rifles  per  company. 

5.  Retired  from  the  front  on  July  31,  the  division  rested  at  La  Capelle  until  Sep- 
tember 1. 

Cambrai. 

6.  The  division  came  into  line  east  of  Chevisy  on  September  2.     Its  composition 
had  been  altered  by  the  disbandment  of  the  2d  Reserve  Regiment  and  the  addition 
of  the  2d  Grenadier  Regiment  from  the  109th  Division.     The  British  attack  on  the 
Somme  of  September  12  enguKed  the  division,  which  lost  1,300  prisoners. 
Belgium. 

7.  It  was  withdrawn  about  September  27  and  transferred  to  Belgium,  where  it 
entered  the  line  near  Dixmude  on  September  29.  It  held  the  line  in  this  sector 
until  October  16,  when  it  passed  into  the  second  line  for  a  week's  rest.  Returning  to 
line  on  the  23d,  it  remained  in  line  until  the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  is  rated  as  a  third-class  division.  Its  morale  was  on  the  whole  bad. 
The  Polish  elements  deserted  freely.  In  July  pillaging  of  supply  trains  was  appar- 
ently prevalent  in  the  divisional  area.  Elements  of  the  division  refused  to  fight  in 
the  Oise  battle  in  June,  and  the  German  command  appeared  to  have  confidence  in 
its  fighting  value. 


86       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

3d  Naval  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Tnfnntry 

4Nav. 

1  Mar. 

2  Mar. 
3Ma<-. 

Mar. 
Inf.  Brig. 

1  Mar. 

2  Mar. 

3  Mar. 

Cavalry 

3  Sqn.  7  Bus.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

9  F.  A.  Rgt. 

2  MBtr.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

925  Light  Am.  Col. 
1234  Light  Am.  Col. 
1292  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons 

1  Co.  Mar.  Pion.  Btn. 
3  Co.  Mar.  Pion.  Btn. 
337  Pion.  Co. 
105  T.  M.  Co. 

115  Pion.  Btn. 

1  Res.  Co.  21  Pions. 
293  Signal  Command: 

293  Tel.  Deteh. 

f.S  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinarj- 

filO  Ambulance  Co. 

2  Mar.  Field  Hospital. 
390  Field  Hospital. 
569  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transports 

679  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

1917. 

1.  The  3d  Naval  Division  was  orsjanized  in  April,  1917.  Its  Regiments  (1st,  2d, 
and  3d  Naval  Infantry)  were  detached  from  the  Naval  Corps,  before  the  constitution 
of  the  di-vision,  to  take  part  in  the  attacks  upon  Steenstraat  on  April  22,  1915,  and  on 
the  Somme  from  September,  1910,  to  April,  1917.  Since  its  formation  the  3d  Naval 
Di\'ision  has  scarcely  left  the  coast. 

Flanders. 

2.  In  August,  1917,  the  3d  Naval  Di\apion  occupied  the  sector  of  Lombartzyde. 

3.  In  October  it  was  in  action  on  the  Ypres  front  at  Poelcappelle. 

4.  In  December  it  again  took  over  the  sector  of  Lombartzyde. 

RECRUITINO. 

The  3d  Naval  Division  is  recruited  from  the  entire  German  Empire,  the  naval 
troops  being  imperial  troops. 

VALUE — 1917  E.STIMATE. 

Before  the  war  the  troops  of  the  3d  Naval  Di\'ision  were  landing  and  occupj-ing 
troops  for  the  (ierman  colonies.  They  are  good  units  whose  recruiting  has  been  kept 
up  to  a  high  standard. 

1918. 
Albert. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  north  of  St.  Georges  about  the  Ist  of  March  and  moved 
to  Valenciennes,  where  it  anived  about  the  13th.     From  March  1 8  to  23  it  moved  up 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       87 

to  the  front  by  stages  ^da  Haussy-Cattenieres-Lesdain.  On  the  23d  it  followed  up 
the  advance,  passing  through  Fins  and  Manancourt  on  the  24th-25th  and  coming  into 
action  at  Contalraaison  on  the  25th.  It  captured  Albert  on  the  2fith.  The  di\-ision 
held  a  sector  west  of  Albert  until  mid- April,  and  on  April  24  returned  to  its  former 
sector  west  of  Anthuille.     It  was  relieved  about  the  end  of  May  by  the  24th  Division. 

2.  On  June  20  the  di\'ision  returned  to  relieve  the  24th  Division  in  the  Aveluy 
sector.  In  mid-July  the  company  strength  was  low.  No  drafts  had  been  received 
recently  and  siclvness  was  prevalent.  This,  together  with  the  August  spell  in  line,  had 
considerably  reduced  the  morale  of  the  di\'ision.  It  was  relieved  on  August  19  Vjy 
the  83d  DiWsion. 

SCARPE-SOMME. 

3.  The  division  rested  at  Flers  for  five  days,  when  it  came  into  line  west  of  Grevillers 
on  the  night  of  August  23-24  to  reinforce  the  line.  It  was  withdrawn  in  a  few  days 
(Aug.  2C))  and  rested  at  Cambrai.  Five  hundred  prisoners  were  taken  from  the  di\i- 
sion  in  this  period. 

4.  The  di^•ision  rested  at  Thourout  during  the  first  half  of  September.  On  the  27th 
it  was  engaged  west  of  ^larcoing  and  fought  in  that  area  until  the  end  of  the  month. 
The  total  prisoners  captured  from  the  di\'ision  was  700. 

5.  After  two  weeks'  rest  in  the  Cambrai  area,  the  division  returned  to  line  at  Molain 
on  October  17.  It  fought  in  the  Molain-Catillon  area  until  October  23,  when  it  was 
relieved  by  the  10th  Reserve  Division.  On  November  1  it  was  again  in  line,  north- 
west of  the  Hattencourt  Farm.     The  last  identification  was  at  Any,  on  November  7. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Its  use  in  the  Somme  March  offensive  and 
as  an  intervention  division  in  the  Scarpe-Somme  battle  suggest  that  the  division  was 
a  second  class  division. 


88      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAIl.       89 

HISTORY. 

I9ir,. 

The  4th  Guard  DiA-ision  was  formod  on  tlio  Russian  front  in  March,  1915. 
Russia. 

1.  From  March  14  to  July  12  the  4th  Guard*  Division  was  in  line  near  Przasnysz. 
It  belonged  to  Gallwitz's  army,  which  was  operating  north  of  the  Vistula. 

2.  From  July  13  to  September  28  the  division  took  part  in  many  fights,  notably  on 
the  Narew,  and  took  part  in  the  pursuit  as  far  as  the  region  of  the  marshes  of  Lithuania. 

3.  Withdrawni  from  the  front  and  reached  Kovno  on  foot,  where  it  entrained  for  the 
Western  Front  on  October  10  via  Koenigsberg,  Luebeck,  Hamburg,  Aix-la-Chapelle, 
Namur.     Detrained  at  Douai  and  sent  to  rest 

France. 

4.  From  November  14  to  26  it  occupied  a  sector  near  Arras,  then  went  to  rest  near 
Cambrai. 

5.  From  December  15,  1915,  to  January  4,  1910,  it  built  entrenchments  in  the 
region  of  Wytschaete-Messines. 

1916. 

1.  During  January  and  February,  1916,  the  4th  Guard  Division  continued  its 
entrenching  work  in  the  sector  Wytschaete-Messines  and  held  the  sector  at  the  same 
time. 

2.  Until  the  end  of  April,  1917,  the  4th  Guard  Division,  together  with  the  1st  Reserve 
Guard  DiA-ision,  formed  the  reserve  corps  of  the  guard.  Both  these  divisions  were 
put  through  a  course  of  training  with  a  view  to  actiA'e  operations. 

3.  From  May  9  to  Julj^  23  the  division  remained  in  line  northeast  of  Neu\dlle-St. 
^'aast. 

SOMME. 

4.  Engaged  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme  July  25  (Estres  sector),  suffered  hea\'y  losses 
and  was  withdrawn  August  19.  Engaged  again  after  a  few  days  of  rest  and  fought 
some  severe  local  battles  until  September  10  (Thiepval  sector). 

5.  After  seven  days  of  rest  behind  the  Flanders  front  it  held  a  quiet  sector  north  of 
Ypres  from  September  17  to  October  25. 

6.  From  November  6  to  25  it  was  again  sent  to  the  Somme,  where  it  was  subjected 
to  several  hea\'y  local  attacks  (Warlencom-t  sector). 

1917. 

1.  Remained  in  the  Warlencourt  sector  until  March  17,  1917.  It  waa  relieved 
immediately  after  it  had  retired  to  the  Ilindenburg  line. 

Lens. 

2.  After  three  weeks'  rest  in  the  region  of  Toumai  it  was  sent  by  stages  to  the  south 
of  Lens,  where  it  went  back  in  the  lines.  It  suffered  considerable  losses  there.  With- 
drawn from  the  front  July  11. 

3.  At  rest  in  the  region  of  Pont-a-Vendin  and  Meurchin.  On  August  15  the  division 
was  hurried  up  to  the  north  of  Lens.  It  attacked  to  regain  the  lost  groimd  but  in  vain. 
Its  losses  were  extremely  heaA-j'. 

4.  The  division  stayed  in  line  until  September  ]  5. 
Flanders. 

5.  At  rest  for  a  week  behind  the  front.  Entrained  September  23  and  24  at  Carvin 
for  Flanders. 

0.  It  was  at  first  in  the  reserve  of  the  army,  but  went  into  line  September  27  east 
of  Zonnebeke.  After  one  of  its  regiments  had  attacked  and  was  stopped  by  the  British 
artillery  fire  (Oct.  22),  the  division  obtained  replacements  and  on  October  4  renewed 


90       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

its  attempt  to  retake  the  heights  lost  on  September  2G.  Warned  by  a  British  attack, 
they  became  demoralized  and  fled  in  disorder  toward  Becelaere.  The  losses  of  the 
4th  Guard  Division  were  so  heavy  that  it  had  to  be  relieved  on  October  5  to  7. 

7.  Entrained  for  Guise  and  arrived  there  October  10.  Went  into  line  on  the  14th 
in  the  sector  of  Itancourt,  southeast  of  St.  Quentin,  and  was  still  holding  it  in  De- 
cember. Its  forces  were  much  reduced  by  the  attacks  in  Flanders  and  were  rein- 
forced l)y  neighboring  units  (13th  Landwehr  Di\'ision). 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Formerly  an  excellent  comliat  unit,  having  that  traditional  esprit  de  corps  which 
animated  the  regiments  of  the  Prussian  Guards.  At  the  present  time  (November, 
1917)  it  has  lost  a  good  part  of  its  fighting  value.  It  seems  to  have  been  much  weakened 
by  the  battle  of  Ypres  (October,  1917). 

1918. 
Guise. 

1.  The  division  rested  during  January  near  d'Origny  Ste.  Benoite  (west  of  Guise). 

SOMME. 

2.  On  February  4  the  division  came  into  line  northwest  of  Bellenglise.  It  was 
relieved  about  the  middle  of  Fel)ruary. 

3.  Upon  relief,  it  marched  via  Bohain  to  St.  Souplet,  near  Le  Cateau.  Here  the 
di\'ision  undenvent  a  course  of  training  in  this  area  until  March  18,  when  it  marched 
via  Bohain-Brancourt-Montbrehain-Ramicourt  l)ack  to  its  old  sector  at  Bellenglise, 
arriving  in  line  March  20. 

Battle  op  Picardy. 

4.  The  division  attacked  in  the  first  line  and  advanced  by  Hesbecourt  March  21-20. 
Passing  into  support  for  eight  days  it  was  reengaged  April  3-8  near  Bouzencourt  and 
le  Hamel,  suffering  very  heavy  losses.  Between  the  8th  and  the  24th  the  dix^sion 
rested.  It  was  in  line  again  near  Marcelcave  from  the  22d  to  the  end  of  April,  parti- 
cipating in  the  attack  at  Villers-Bretoneaux  on  the  24th.  Heavy  losses  were  again 
sustained. 

5.  Again  the  division  went  to  rest  at  St.  Souplet,  near  le  Cateau.  The  2d  Battalion 
of  the  427th  Regiment,  dissolved,  arrived  as  a  reinforcement  for  the  division  on  May 
27.  The  division  was  moved  by  rail  to  Flavy  le  Martel  on  night  of  June  1 .  It  marched 
by  nights  to  Canny  sur  Matz  (by  Golancourt,  Guiscard,  and  Candor)  and  entered  the 
line  on  the  night  of  June  8-9. 

Battle  of  the  Oise. 

6.  The  division  attacked  on  the  9th  between  Roye  sur  Matz  and  Canny  sur  Matz. 
It  penetrated  by  Marquelise  to  Antheuil.     The  French  counterattack  threw  it  back 
north  of  Antheuil  on  the  11th.     The  di\'ision  stayed  in  line  until  the  19th. 
Loeraine. 

7.  After  resting  at  Bohain  until  June  29  the  di\TBion  was  moved  to  Lorraine  by 
Valenciennes-Brussels-Namur-Saarburg.     Here  it  was  rested  and  reconstituted. 

8.  The  division  returned  Ijy  rail  to  Athies  sur  Laon  on  July  22.  From  there  it 
marched  to  Moussy  sur  Aisne  by  stages  and  then  in  trucks  to  Mareuil  en  Dole  on  July  25. 
Battle  of  the  Marne,  Vesle,  Aisne. 

9.  The  division  was  engaged  July  27  southeast  of  Fore  en  Tardenois.  It  fell  Itack 
toward  Fismes  on  August  1-2,  from  where  it  was  shifted  into  the  Courlandon-Breuil 
sector,  which  it  held  from  August  14  to  the  beginning  of  September.  On  the  5th  it 
moved  to  the  south  of  Glennes,  remaining  there  until  the  30th,  when  it  fell  back 
across  the  canal.  The  division  was  relievod  on  Octol)er  2,  but  turned  back  to  line 
on  the  5th  to  cover  the  retreat  near  Benu  au  Bac.  On  the  7th  it  went  to  rest  for  a 
week. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE.       91 

Ardennes. 

10.  Reengaged  west  of  Chateau  Porcien  from  October  14  to  November  5.  The  93d 
Regiment  was  mentioned  in  the  German  communique  of  November  2  as  fighting 
especially  well.  In  the  retreat  the  division  passed  through  Renneville  and  Rubigny, 
where  it  was  last  identified  on  Noveml)er  11. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  always  regarded  as  a  first-class  fighting  division,  although  the 
losses  on  the  Somnie  in  March  and  the  setliack  on  the  Oise  in  June  lowered  its  value. 
Constant  fighting  impaired  the  morale  and  kept  the  effectives  low,  but  the  division 
was  always  to  be  included  in  the  first-class  divisions. 


92      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR, 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      93 

.  HISTORY. 

(Second  District — Pomerania.) 

1914. 
France. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  the  4th  Division  fouglit  on  the  Western  Front 
until  November,  1914.  It  detrained  at  Rheydt  on  August  9  and  10,  and  entered 
Belgium  on  the  14th  and  France  on  the  25th.  Fought  at  Sailly-Saillisel  on  the  28th; 
reached  Grand-Morin  September  5  and  fought  at  Acy  en  Multien  on  the  6th.  After 
retreating  to  the  north  of  Soissons  it  remained  south  of  Roj'e  from  the  end  of  September 
to  the  end  of  October,  and  was  near  Ypres  in  November. 

Russia. 

2.  Sent  to  Russia  and  took  part  in  the  second  offensive  on  Warsaw. 

1915. 

1.  In  January  it  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Bolimow.  In  February  it  went  to  the 
Carpathians  (Army  of  the  South  under  Linsingen).  Took  part  in  the  offensive  on 
Lemburg. 

2.  About  September  27,  1915,  it  was  relieved  in  the  region  south  of  Baranovitchi 
and  entrained  at  Kobryn  for  the  Western  Front. 

France. 

3.  It  arrived  in  the  \dcinity  of  Sedan  at  the  beginning  of  October.  After  a  few 
days'  rest  it  marched  to  the  north  of  Tahure. 

4.  On  October  30  the  division  took  part  in  the  attack  of  Butte  De  Tahin-e  and 
suffered  severe  losses. 

5.  At  the  beginning  of  November  it  left  Champagne  for  the  region  of  Reims  where 
its  units  went  into  the  trenches  on  November  8.  Until  the  beginning  of  April,  1916, 
it  held  the  sector  northwest  of  Prunay. 

1916. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  April  the  division  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Rethel. 
During  this  period  (Nov.  15  to  Apr.  16)  its  losses  were  light. 

Verdun. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  May  the  division  was  sent  to  the  region  of  Verdiui.  On  May 
4  it  took  part  on  the  attack  on  Hill  304,  where  it  suffered  heavy  losses. 

3.  Relieved  May  15  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Mouzon-Carignan,  from  where 
it  went  to  the  region  of  Damvillers. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  July  it  was  sent  to  hold  the  sector  of  Thiaimiont  at  the  moment 
when  the  French  recommenced  their  offensive  in  that  region.  Its  losses  were  very 
heavy. 

5.  On  August  3  it  left  Thiaumont  for  the  region  of  Cumieres,  on  the  left  bank  of  the 
Meuse  (Aug.  5). 

6.  At  the  end  of  September  it  held  the  sector  Malancourt-Avocourt. 

7.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  October  and  trained  at  Dun.  After  a  short  rest  it  went 
into  line  in  December  northeast  of  Vaux. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  Vaux  sector  until  April  17. 

2.  It  relieved  the  10th  Reserve  Division  in  the  region  of  Satigneul  (night  of  Apr. 
15-16)  a  few  hours  before  the  beginning  of  our  attack.  It  remained  in  this  sector  until 
May  5  and  Was  subjected  to  French  attacks  of  April  16  and  May  4. 

3.  Beginning  May  5,  it  was  relieved  and  went  into  camp  in  the  region  of  Caurel. 


94       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Champagne. 

4.  On  May  7  and  the  following  days  it  %vent  into  the  sector  of  Grille  Mont  Haut 
and  held  this  until  June  19. 

5.  The  division  was  put  in  reserve  on  this  date  in  the  region  Epove-Warmeriville. 

6.  Went  into  line  in  the  sector  Moronvilliers  (July  19  and  days  following)  until  the 
end  of  October. 

Belgium. 

7.  At  the  end  of  October  it  entraine<l  at  Juniville  and  went  to  Belgium,  where  it 
held  the  sector  Poelcapelle  until  November  24. 

8.  It  went  into  line  again  east  of  Armentieres  on  November  30  and  was  still  in  that 
sector  on  January  11,  1918. 

KECKUITING. 

In  spite  of  heavy  losses  suffered  several  times,  it  Would  seem  that  they  wished  to 
keep  up  the  Pomeranian  character  of  the  4th  Division,  although  it  received  in  Sep- 
tember, 1915,  some  men  of  the  1915  class  from  Hesse-Nassau,  and  later  on  a  number 
of  Brandenburgers  and  Silesians,  as  the  third  and  sixth  districts  often  furnished  their 
ratio  to  the  districts  temporarily  out  of  men.  A  great  majority  of  men,  however,  came 
from  Pomerania,  and  as  the  resources  of  this  Province  in  men  are  limited  it  was  neces- 
sary, to  keep  up  the  pro^•incial  composition  of  this  di\asion,  to  draw  from  the  Land- 
weljr  depots  and  the  battalions  of  Pomeranian  Landsturm.  Since  it  was  impossible 
to  maintain  the  quality  of  the  di-\rision,  it  seems  that  they  were  anxious  to  maintain 
its  nationality. 

VALUE. 

The  4th  Division  was  always  a  very  good  division  and  gave  proof  of  very  fine  military 
qualities  in  all  the  battles  in  which  it  took  part,  especially  in  the  sector  of  Sapigneul 
during  the  offensives  of  April  16  and  ^May  4,  1917.  It  would  seem  that  the  nature  of 
the  replacements  they  received,  especially  the  most  recent  ones,  has  considerably 
altered  the  value  of  this  di\dsion. 

1918. 

1.  Tlie  division  was  relieved  from  the  front  of  Armentieres  on  January  23,  and 
went  to  rest  and  instruction  in  the  Oisene  area  (southwest  of  Deyuze).  After  four 
weeks  the  division  entrained  at  Roubaix  cm  March  16  and  detrained  at  Douai  on  the 
following  day.  Hence  it  marched  by  stages  to  Neuville  St.  Remy,  a  suburb  of  Cam- 
brai.  The  division  was  concentrated  south  of  Inchy  on  the  night  of  March  20-21. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  Engaged  on  March  21,  the  divisit)n  advanced  by  Doiguies  and  llerrnies.  It 
passed  to  rest  on  the  24th  and  was  reengaged  from  !March  26  to  April  6  at  Miraumont, 
Hebuterne.  and  Colincamps.  The  division  suffered  very  heavy  losses  in  the  en- 
gagement. 

3.  Relieved  from  the  Hebuterne  front  on  April  G,  the  division  rested  two  weeks 
in  the  Bapaune-Cambrai  area.  The  di\'ision  moved  north  to  the  Lys  front  via  Douai- 
Lille. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

4.  The  di\'ision  was  in  line  west  of  Merville  from  April  23  to  May  14. 

5.  'Wliile  at  rest  north  of  Tournai.  the  division  was  reconstituted  and  prepared  for 
another  heavy  engagement. 

6.  The  division  entrained  for  Loos  on  June  30  and  moved  on  to  Sailly  sur  la  Lys  on 
July  18. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.       95 

The  Lys  Withdrawal. 

7.  The  division  came  into  line  near  Merris  on  July  27.  It  lost  500  prisoners  south  of 
Meteren  on  August  IS.  On  tlie  30th  the  division  fell  })ack  on  Bailleul  and  later  to 
Bac  St.  Main-  and  Fleurbaix.     It  was  relieved  at  Fleurbaix  on  October  1 1 . 

8.  The  division  rested  from  the  11th  to  the  21st  near  Denain. 

9.  Again  the  division  was  engaged  to  the  east  and  northeast  of  Solesmes  and  near 
Le  Quesnoy,  retreating  to  Beaurain,  Ghissignies,  and  Ruesnes.  It  i)assed  in  the  second 
line  on  November  1,  but  came  back  to  the  line  south  of  Le  Quesnoy  about  November 
5.  It  retreated  by  Locquignol  toward  Mauberge,  where  it  was  last  identified  on 
November  9. 

VALUE 191S    ESTIMATE. 

The  4th  Division  was  a  very  good  division.  In  1918  its  morale  was  mediocre,  due 
to  the  young  recruits. 


96       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AltJMY  WHICH  PMtTlCIPATED  IN  WAE. 


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DIVISIOITS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK.       97 

HISTORY. 
(360th  and  361st :  Fourth  Difltrict— Prussian  Saxony.     362d :  Ninth  District— Schles- 

mg-Holstein.) 
1914. 
The  4th  Ersatz  Division  was  organized  in  August,  1914,  by  grouping  together  brigade 
Ersatz  Battalions  coming  from  the  Third,  Fourth,  and  Ninth  districts  (Brandenburg 
Prussian-Saxony,  Mecklenburg,  Schleswig-Holstein,  and  Hansa  towns). 
Lorraine. 

1.  Detrained  August  18  at  Teterchen  (Lorraine)  and  at  the  battle  of  the  20th  the 
division  was  in  the  rear  of  the  2d  Bavarian  Corps.  It  fought  on  the  22d  along  the 
Marne-Rhine  Canal  between  Einville  and  Dombasle,  retreated  on  the  23d,  suffered 
heavy  losses  on  the  25th  at  Mazerulles,  and  engaged  only  a  few  units  of  its  9th  Brigade 
in  the  attack  on  Nancy  in  September. 

2.  On  September  15  the  di\ision  went  to  rest  west  of  Delme.     On  the  23d  it  en- 
trained at  Rening  (Sarralbee-Benestroff  line),  passed  through  Metz,  Luxemburg, 
Arlon,  Marche,  Li^ge,  Louvain  and  detrained  September  25,  1915,  at  Brussels. 
Belgium. 

3.  From  there  it  went  to  Bruges  (Oct.  14),  then  Ostend  (Oct.  16).  On  the  17th 
by  the  road  along  the  coast  it  marched  from  Ostend  to  Nieuport  (Oct.  30).  It  then 
went  into  the  line  in  front  of  the  Belgians  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Yser  (November). 

1915. 

DiXMUDE. 

1.  Remained  in  the  sector  north  of  Dixmude  during  the  whole  of  1915. 

2.  At  the  end  of  July,  1915,  the  brigade  Ersatz  Battalions  of  the  di\Tsion  were 
grouped  into  regiments.  The  4th  Ersatz  Division  was  made  up  of  the  359th,  360th, 
36l8t  and  362d  Infantry.  With  the  37th  Landwehr  Brigade  and  the  2d  Reserve 
Ersatz  Brigade  (Basedow  Di\Tsion)  it  constituted  the  Werder  Corps  (December). 

1916. 

1.  The  division  was  kept  in  the  region  of  Dixmude  until  April,  1916. 

2.  After  April  a  part  of  the  division  was  sent  east  of  Ypres  between  the  Ypres- 
Roulers  Railway  and  the  Comines  Canal.  Some  of  the  units  of  the  division  remained 
in  line  near  Dixmude. 

SOMME. 

3.  About  September  27  the  division  left  Belgium  for  the  Somme,  where  it  was 
engaged  during  the  first  two  weeks  of  October  near  Le  Sars. 

4.  On  October  15  it  returned  to  Belgium  and  went  back  to  the  sector  east  of  Ypres 
in  November. 

5.  Sent  to  rest  about  November  30  and  sent  back  to  the  Somme  south  of  Bapaumo, 
about  the  middle  of  December. 

1917. 

1.  Remained  south  of  Bapaume  (Le  Transloy-Gueudecourt)  until  the  end  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1917. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  March  it  relieved  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  in  the  same 
sector  at  the  beginning  of  the  retirement  of  the  German  troops,  withdrew  to  the  east 
of  Bertincourt,  via  Neuville-Bourjonval,  Metz  en  Courtuere,  and  fought  on  the 
Trescault-Havricourt  line  (April). 

Artois. 

3.  Relieved  about  April  26  or  28  and  sent  north  of  the  Scarpe  about  May  10.  En- 
gaged near  Roeux  until  about  May  18  and  suffered  heavy  losses  (more  than  800  pris- 
oners). 

4.  At  the  end  of  May  it  was  sent  to  the  Eastern  Front.  The  36l8t  Infantry  entrained 
May  26  at  Vitry  en  Artois,  \aa  Paderbom-Halle-Leipzig-Dresden-Breslau-Lemburg. 

125651°— 20 7 


98       DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 
G  ALICIA. 

5.  Until  July  the  division  remained  in  reserve  in  Galicia  Avith  the  Bothmer  army. 

6.  In  July  it  held  the  sector  south  of  Br/.ezany.  Took  part  in  the  offensive  against 
the  Russians,  and  in  September  was  near  Radautz,  where  it  remained  until  December. 
Due  to  some  of  its  forces  being  transferred  to  other  organizations  more  than  to  its  losses, 
the  companies  of  the  3()2d  Infantry  from  August  to  October,  had  fallen  from  120  men 
to  70  (examinations  of  Russians'). 

France. 

7.  Relieved  December  4  and  entrained  the  16th  for  the  Western  Front,  via  Lemberg- 
Cracow  -  Breslau  -  Berlin  -  Hanover  -  Aix  la  Chapelle  -  Brussels-  Courtrai-Tournai.  De- 
trained the  2Gth. 

RECRUITING. 

3G0th  Infantry:  Brandenburg  and  Prussia  Saxony.  361st and  362d  Infantry:  Prus- 
sia Saxony,  Hanover,  Schleswig-Holstein  and  Ilansa  towns. 

value. 
A  fairly  good  division. 

1918. 
La  Bassee. 

1.  The  first  entry  into  line  of  the  division  was  on  January  18  in  the  sector  south 
of  the  La  Bassee  Canal,  relie\ang  the  6th  Bavarian  Di\ision. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

2.  On  the  5th  of  April  the  division  crossed  north  of  the  canal  and  attacked  in  the 
Gorre-Givenchy-Festubert  region.  Seven  hundred  prisoners  were  lost  on  April  9, 
besides  heavy  casualties.     The  division  was  relieved  on  April  20-21. 

Woevre. 

3.  The  division  was  moved  to  the  region  south  of  Metz  for  a  rest.  About  May  18 
it  took  up  a  sector  south  of  Les  Esparges,  which  it  held  until  alwut  June  13. 

4.  After  resting  near  Conflans  until  June  25,  it  entrained  in  the  Woevre  and  moved 
by  Sedan-CharleAdlle  to  the  region  east  of  Laon,  arri\-ing  on  June  28.  It  proceeded 
to  the  line  by  the  road  through  FIsmes. 

Aisnes-Marne. 

5.  The  division  was  engaged  at  Bussiares,  Torcy,  and  HauteATsnes  between  June 
30  and  July  18.  It  met  the  attack  of  July  18  and  was  thro\\-n  back  toward  Oulchy  le 
Chateau.     On  the  24th  it  was  relieved. 

6.  The  diA-ision  rested  at  Perthes  for  a  week  and  then  moved  to  Kovy.  It  entrained 
at  Amagne  on  August  12  and  traveled  to  Ostrecourt,  where  it  remained  for  two  weeks. 
On  August  28  it  occupied  the  Dricourt-Quoant  line  astride  the  Arras-Cambria  road. 

Second  Battle  of  Picardy. 

7.  Engaged  on  the  29th,  the  division  came  in  for  some  heavy  fighting.  It  was 
thrown  l)ack  on  Dury  (Sept.  2)  and  after  losing  1,650  prisoners  was  relieved  on  Sep- 
tember 5. 

8.  The  division  rested  until  the  middle  of  September.  The  214th  Reserve  Regi- 
ment coming  from  the  dissolved  46th  Reserve  Division,  replaced  the  361st  Regiment. 

9.  The  division  was  engaged  near  the  La  Bassee  Canal  from  September  16  to  October 
1.  It  rested  until  the  16th,  when  it  was  reengaged  southwest  of  Lille.  In  the  retreat 
it  fell  back  by  Wavrin,  Seclin,  Cysoing,  Ere,  Mons  and  Blaugies.  The  last  identifi- 
cation was  at  Boussu  on  November  9. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  third-class  division.  At  no  time  in  1918  did  it  dis- 
tinguish itself,  especially  not  in  the  Lys  battle.  Before  the  July  IS  attack,  the  infan- 
try effectives  of  the  division  numbered  about  3,200.  In  October  the  battalions  were 
reduced  to  three  companies. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATKD  IN  WAE. 


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100      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAH. 

HISTORY. 
(Sixtli  District — Silesia.) 
1914. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  -Jth  Landwehr  Division,  Avith  the  3d  Landwehr 
Division,  formed  the  2d  Landwehr  Corps  (former  7tli  Landwehr  Corps),  which  was 
engaged  on  the  Eastern  Front. 
Poland. 

1.  The  4th  Landwehr  Division  at  the  beginning  of  September,  i'jll,  took  part  in 
the  battle  of  Tarnowka  with  the  3d  Landwehr  Di\'ision,  then  in  the  operations  before 
Warsaw  and  the  retreat  following  the  enveloping  movement  of  the  Ru.ssians  at  Lodz. 
In  December  it  was  located  between  the  Vistula  and  Pilica  (at  Czenstochow,  Dec.  1; 
near  Kielee,  Dec.  28). 

1915. 

1.  Until  July,  1915,  the  division  remained  on  the  Polish  front  (left  bank  of  the 
Vistula)  between  Piadom  and  Gravowiec. 

Baranovitchi. 

2.  Took  part  in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians,  which  canied  it  through  the 
region  of  Baranovitchi  in  July  to  August. 

1916. 

1.  Held  the  front  northeast  of  Baranovitchi  from  September,  1915,  until  the  begin- 
ning of  1918.     In  1916  it  contributed  drafts  to  the  420th  Infantry. 

1917. 

1.  Sector  of  Baranovitchi.  The  division  had  many  of  its  forces  transferred  to  the 
Western  Front:  In  November,  1917,  for  the  52d  Division;  in  February,  1918,  for  the 
5th  Reserve  Division,  but  during  1917  it  was  reinforced  by  the  401th  Infantrj',  coming 
from  the  18th  Landwehr  Division. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  April,  1918,  the  4th  Landwehr  Division  marched  into  Russia. 
On  the  14th  of  April,  the  11th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  near  Minsk;  and  at  the  be- 
ginning of  May  it  was  east  of  Kiev,  along  with  the  404th  Regiment. 

On  June  15  the  23d  and  51st  Landwehr  Regiments  were  identified  near  Ochra. 

3.  A  man  of  the  51st  Landwehr  Regiment  wrote  on  October  23;  "The  latest  news 
is  that  the  Ith  Landwehr  Di\ision  is  going  into  France."  The  diATsion  was  still  in 
Russia  on  October  28  and  was  never  identified  on  the  \\'estern  parent. 


DIVISTOlSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IIST  WAR.      101 


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102      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Second  Bavarian  District — Bavaria  and  Lower  Franconia.) 

1914. 

1.  At  mobilization  the  4th  Bavarian  Division,  with  the  3d  Bavarian  Di\ision, 
formed  the  2d  Bavarian  Army  Corps.  It  transferred  its  8th  Brigade  (Metz  Garrison) 
to  the  33d  Reserve  Division  and  replaced  it  by  the  5th  Bavarian  ReserN-e  Brigade, 
organized  in  the  Palatinate.  The  other  brigade,  the  7th,  detrained,  commencing 
August  3,  between  I^Iorhange  and  Remilly.  The  reserve  brigade  detrained  August 
10  at  St.  Avoid.  Assembled  the  18th  in  the  rear  of  the  Metz-Strasbourg  Railroad  and 
with  the  2d  Bavarian  Army  Corps  constituted  the  6th  Army  (Crown  Prince  Ruprecht 
of  Bavaria). 

Lorraine. 

2.  On  August  20  it  fought  west  of  Morhange.  Then  it  captured  the  fort  of  Manon- 
viller  (with  the  22d  Bavarian  of  the  3d  Bavarian  Division)  and  advanced  to 
Mortagne,  south  of  Luniville.     September  11  it  was  withdrawn  to  the  rear. 

SOMME. 

3.  September  18  the  division  entrained  at  Metz  for  Namin-,  from  where  it  went  to  the 
north  of  Peronne  (Sept.  25).  It  then  became  part  of  the  2d  Army  and  fought  from 
September  26  to  the  middle  of  October  in  the  region  north  of  the  Somme  (Fricout, 
Mametz,  Montauban). 

Flanders. 

4 .  During  the  third  and  fourth  weeks  of  October  (begiiming  the  23d)  it  went  to  Flan- 
ders (6th  Arniy )  south  of  Ypres.  It  held  the  sector  of  Wytschaete  from  November  14  to 
October  15  and  was  on  the  defensive.     November  9  the  5th  Infantry  was  reduced  to 

less  than  800  men  (notebooks). 

1915. 

In  March,  1915,  the  8th  Reserve  Infantry  was  transferred  from  this  division  to  the 
10th  Bavarian  Division. 
Artois. 

1.  September  26,  1915,  some  of  its  imits  fought  on  the  Loos-Hulluch  front  at  the  time 
of  the  British  attack.  In  the  counter  attark,  during  which  these  troops  retook  ditch 
No.  8,  they  suffered  severe  losses. 

In  November  the  whole  division  was  in  the  region  of  Loos  south  of  Ilulluch,  where  it 
stayed  until  August  16.  In  this  sector  it  carried  on  mine  warfare.  About  the  end  of 
April,  1916,  it  lost  1,100  men  while  attempting  a  gas  attack. 

1916. 

SoMME. 

1.  Toward  the  end  of  August,  1916,  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Somme. 

2.  It  was  engaged  between  Martinpuich  and  Longueval,  where  it  fought  Adolent 
battles  for  the  Bois  Haut  (Aug.  25-28  to  Sept.  15).  Its  total  losses  were  5,361  men, 
or  60  per  cent  of  its  effectives. 

Flanders. 

3.  Again  sent  to  Flanders  and  held  the  sector  northeast  of  Armentieres  (east  of  the 
Bois  de  Ploegsteert)  from  Octol)er  16  to  June  17. 

1917. 

,  1.  In  June,  1917,  while  still  in  line  in  front  of  Bois  de  Ploegsteert,  it  was  in  partsub- 
jected  to  the  British  attack  against  Measine.s  ridge,  and  suffered  especially  from  the 
artillery  preparations.     It  lost  200  prisoners. 

2.  Relieved  from  the  Belgian  front  about  June  16  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of 
Audenarde  until  July  7. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      103 

3.  Beginning  July  9,  it  was  engaged  southeast  of  Armentieres  (between  the  Lya 
and  Wez-Macquart)  July  and  August. 

4.  Withdrawn  from  the  Armentieres  sector  in  the  middle  of  September  and  went 
into  line  northeast  of  Ypres,   between  Zonnebeke  and  Passchendaele,  from  Sep- 
tember 26  to  October  27.     Suffered  hca\y  losses  (30  per  cent  of  its  forces). 
Lorraine. 

5.  October  11  entrained  at  Pitthem  and  went  to  Conflans  the  13th  from  where  it 
went  into  line  in  the  region  of  Thiaucourt  (Limey  sector).  It  was  there  still  in 
Februarj',  1918. 

RKCRUITING. 

Lower  Franconia  and  Bavarian  Palatinate. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE.' 

The  4th  Bavarian  Division  went  through  some  very  severe  offensive  and  defensive 
fights  and  came  through  them  with  honors. 

The  prisoners  examined  gave  proof  of  vigor  and  tenacity  if  not  of  intelligence. 
As  soon  as  it  is  filled  up  again  this  di\dsion  shall  again  take  its  place  on  the  most 
effective  fronts  (December,  1917). 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  February,  1918,  it  is  not  yet  completely  filled  up  and  does 
not  seem  to  be  in  shape  for  an  offensive. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  quiet  Thiaucourt  sector  until  late  March  when 
it  was  relieved  by  the  40th  Di\-ision.  On  April  14  it  entrained  at  Xancieullea  and 
traveled  via  Audun  le  E,omain-Longuyon-Sedan-Charle\dlle-Hirson-Avesnes-Denain- 
Orchies  to  Rouchin.  It  marched  to  Armentieres,  arriving  on  April  16,  and  proceeded 
to  reserve  near  Bailleul  on  the  following  day. 

Kemmel. 

2.  On  the  23d  of  April  the  division  came  into  line  northeast  of  Dranoutre,  suffered 
hea\'y  losses  about  here,  and  was  relieved  about  May  1. 

3.  The  di\dsion  rested  until  June  11  in  the  north  of  France.  During  this  time  it 
was  reviewed  by  the  King  of  Bavaria  and  Prince  Franz.  The  division  commander 
was  decorated. 

Flanders. 

4.  It  returned  to  line  near  Merris  about  June  11.  It  continued  in  line,  suffering 
hea\'y  losses  until  July  10, 

5.  The  division  rested  out  of  line  until  August  17. 

6.  It  was  reengaged  on  August  17  east  of  Bucquoy,  coming  from  Lille  via  Cambria 
Vein  Beuguy.  It  was  withdrawn  from  the  l)attle  north  of  Bapaume  on  August  25, 
after  losing  1,600  prisoners. 

7.  The  division  rested  near  Tourcoing  until  late  in  September. 

8.  On  September  29  the  di\dsion  was  identified  in  line  in  Champagne,  north  of 
Maure.  Its  composition  had  been  changed  by  the  disbandment  of  the  5th  Bavarian 
Reserve  Regiment  and  the  substitution  of  the  4th  Bavarian  Regiment  from  the 
dissolved  14th  Bavarian  Di\-ision.  The  di^•ision  continued  on  this  front,  with  short 
periods  in  the  second  line,  until  November  4.  It  was  identified  north  of  Marvaux 
(October  4),  near  Monthois  (October  11),  between  Namdy  and  Falaise  (October 
19),  The  di\dsion  was  considered  in  reserve  3d  Army  between  November  4  and  the 
armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  of  the  first  quality.  It  saw  heavy  fighting  and  showed  itself 
very  aggressive  in  attack  and  tenacious  in  defense.  The  extensi\'e  replacemeiita 
which  have  been  necessarj''  did  not  improve  the  morale,  but  due  to  the  high  quality 
and  spirit  of  the  organization,  it  was  always  to  be  considered  as  a  first-class  division. 


104      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAIN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

4:th.  Cavalry  Division  (Dismounted). 

COMPOSITION. 


1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

39  Cav 

38  Ldw.  Inf.  Rgt. 
40  Ldw.  Inf.  Kgt. 
9    Res.    Schutzen 

Uhlan  Rgt. 
89  Scluilzen  Rgt. 
87  Schutzen  Rgt. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons.  ..                                        

2  Ldw.  Pion.  Co.,  14  C.  Dist.  Pions. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

99  Ambulance  Co. 

Attached 

Landst.  Inf.  Btns. 

VlI-54  Munster. 
XIV-14  Bruchsae. 
IV'-15  Jorgan. 
XVI-7  2d  Saarlouis 
XlVSlstOfienburg 

HISTORY. 

1918. 

1.  The  4th  Cavalry  Division  entrained  in  the  Riga  region  on  the  1st  of  April,  3918, 
for  the  Western  Front.  It  detrained  at  Molsheim  in  Alsace  on  April  7,  and  went 
into  line  near  the  Ban  de  Sapt(Vosges).  The  division  had  recently  been  reorganized. 
During  April  a  report  was  received  stating  that  Lieut  Gen.  von  Krame,  commander  of 
the  39th  Cavalry  Brigade,  had  been  decorated.  The  division  continued  to  hold  the 
Alsace  sector  until  the  armistice. 

A^VLUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      105 


5tli   Guard  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

2Gd. 

3  Ft. 
3  Gren. 
20. 

2Gd. 

3  Ft. 

3  Gren. 
20. 

Cavalry 

1  Sqn.  2  Gd.  IHilan  Rgt. 

1  Sqn.  2C,d.  tThlan  Rgt. 

Artillery 

5  Gd.  Art.  Command: 
4  Gd.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

5  Gd.  Art.  Command: 

4Gd.F.A.Rgt. 

1  Abt.  1  Gd.  Res.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 

1180  Light  Am.  Col. 

1181  Light  Am.  Ccl. 
1203  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

100  Pion.  Btn.: 

4  Gd.  Pions. 

1  Gd.  Res.  Pion.  Co. 

gCd.T.M.  Co. 

(?)  28  Searchlight  Section. 

5  Gd.Tol.  Detch. 

100  Pion.  Btn.: 

4  Gd.  Pion.  Co. 

1  Gd.  Res.  Pion.  Co. 
9Gd.T.M.  Co. 
195  Searchlight  Section. 
5  Gd.  Signal  Command: 

5  Gd.  Tel.  Detch. 
149  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary . 

3  Ambulance  Co. 

8  Field  Hospital. 

9  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

3  Ambulance  Co. 

8  Field  Hospital. 

9  Field  Hospital. 
5Gd.  Vet.Ho.spital. 

Transports 

M.  T.CoI. 

6S0  I)i\isional  U.  T.  Col. 

6S0M.  T.Col. 

Odd  units 

Field  Recruit  Depot  No.  815. 

Attached 

3  Abt.  43Res.  F.  A.Rgt. 
2Abt.3Bav.  Ft.  A.R2:t. 
2  Abt.  11  Res.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 

2  Abt.  21  Ft.  A.Rgt. 

3  Btrv.  57  Jdw.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 

5  Btrv.57Ld\v.  Ft.  A.Rgt. 

6  Btrv.  57  l.dw.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 
10  Btrv.  13  Res.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 
a  Btry.  13Res.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 
6Btrv.  17Bav.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 
464  Ft.  A.  Btry. 

4Co.  8T.  M.  Btn. 
3  00.  ST.  M.  Btn. 

1  Co.  5  Roid.  Const.  Btn.  No.  72. 
3  Co.  ItiG  l.al)or  Btn. 

43  Res.  Pion.  Co. 
199  Signal  Btn. 
.■507  Signal  lUn. 

2  Field  Signal  Co. 
TiO  BallooTi  Section. 
Ill  f;u]i|'l>'  Train. 
21  Muiiil  ion  Train. 
181  .Munition  Train. 
190Muniliuii  Train. 
374  Munition  Train. 
517  Munition  Train. 
500  Supply  Train. 
50  Supply  Train. 

1  Field  Bakery. 

106      DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

1917. 

Organized  in  February,  1917,  from  regiments  transferred  from  already  existing  units 
(3d  Foot  Guards,  transferred  from  the  1st  Guard  Di\dsion;  3d  Grenadier  Guards,  trans- 
ferred from  the  2d  Guard  Division;  20th  Infantry,  from  the  212th  Di\'ision,  pre\'iously 
belonging  to  the  6th). 
Craonne. 

1.  It  appeared  for  the  first  time  in  line  about  March  20  between  Craonne  and 
Hurtebise,  where  it  suffered  heavy  losses,  April  16  to  18. 

2.  Relieved  May  4  and  went  to  a  calm  sector  in  the  region  of  Preqmontreq. 

3.  About  June  5-6  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  north  and  northwest  of  Laon. 
June  20  it  was  located  in  the  region  of  Sissonne,  where  it  remained  until  July  7. 
Californie  Plateau. 

4.  On  the  night  of  July  7-8  it  arrived  in  this  sector.  It  executed  a  violent  attack 
on  July  19  and  again  suffered  heavy  losses.     Relieved  July  27. 

5.  Reinforced  by  drafts  from  depots  in  P)randenburg  and  rested  in  the  region  of 
Mauregny  en  Haye  and  Barenton  sur  Cerre,  and  then  went  through  a  methodical  and 
intensive  training  at  the  camp  at  Chivy  les  Etouvelles. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

6.  About  August  20  it  relieved  the  43d  Reserve  Division  on  the  Chemin  des  Dames 
between  Pantheon  and  La  Royere;  suffered  considerable  losses  during  the  French 
offensive  of  October  23. 

7.  In  the  region  of  Ver\'in3  at  the  beginning  of  November,  with  its  battalions  greatly 
reduced. 

8.  Went  into  line  near  Hargicourt  at  the  end  of  November. 

RECRUITING. 

The  20th  Infantry  (3d  Brandenburg)  v.'as  a  regiment  from  the  Pro\-ince  of  Bran- 
denburg. 

The  3d  Fo(jt  Guards  and  the  3d  Grenadier  Guards  were  drawn  not  only  from  Bran- 
denburg, but  generally  from  the  Kingdom  of  Prussia. 

VALUE — 1917  estimate. 

The  5th  Guard  Division  must  ))e  considered  one  of  the  best  divisions  of  the  German 
Army.     Its  regiments  are  extremely  good. 

The  Di\dsion  had  been  brought  to  the  Aisne  to  retake  the  Californie  Plateau,  and 
it  showed  wonderful  energy  in  this  work  (July  19,  1917).  October  23,  1917,  at  the 
Chemin  des  Dames,  in  spite  of  its  great  losses  and  of  the  fact  that  the  1918  class 
formed  about  20  per  cent  of  its  effectives,  the  division  showed  great  resistance,  and 
left  only  a  comparatively  small  number  of  prisoners  in  our  hands  (about  300). 

1918. 

1.  The  division  arrived  at  Fourmies  on  January  10  for  training  and  maneuvers. 
About  February  14  it  marched  to  Avesnes,  whore  it  ro.-^tod  until  March  5.  It  then 
marched  to  St.  Quentin  by  night  marches,  passing  through  Ilornblieres,  Dallow, 
Ilappencourt,  Tugny,  and  crossed  the  Crozat  Canal  between  Ham  and  St.  Simon  on 
March  23. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  On  the  night  of  the  23d  it  relieved  the  45th  Reserve  Division  in  front  of  Golan- 
court,  where  it  met  a  lively  resL'itance.  From  the  24th  to  the  27th  it  vcaa  in  army 
reserve  resting  in  the  region  Golancourt  lo  Plessos  Patte  d'Oie.     On  the  28th  it  moved 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      107 

by  Flavy  le  Meldux,  Ecuvilly,  Catigny,  Candor,  and  entered  line  west  of  La^^yigny  on 
the  29th,  relieving  the  1st  Bavarian  Division.  On  the  30th  it  attacked  west  of  the 
Roye  sur  Matz  railroad  but  was  stopped  by  our  counterattacks.  Until  April  10  the 
division  was  in  line  at  Beu\Taignea  and  at  Roye  sur  Matz.  On  the  8th  it  received  400 
men,  mostly  of  the  1919  class,  in  reinforcements. 

3.  Withdrawn  from  line  on  April  4,  the  division  moved  by  degrees  to  Ihe  northeast 
of  Laon  on  April  21,  where  it  was  reorganized,  reinforced,  and  rested  near  Rozay  eur 
Serre.  By  night  marches  it  moved  to  the  Aisne  front  and  entered  line  on  May  26, 
between  Corbeny  and  the  Oalifornie  Plateau. 

Battle  op  Aisne. 

4.  It  fought  in  the  offensive  from  May  27  to  30,  advancing  by  Guyencourt,  Fismes, 
C  guy,  Cierges,  and  Vincelles.  Between  May  31  and  June  7  it  was  in  reserve  at  Cou- 
louges,  Sergy,  Beuvardes,  Grisolles,  and  Sommelous.  The  division  was  reengaged 
northwest  of  Chateau  Thierry  on  June  7  against  the  American  2d  Division. 

Chateau  Thierry. 

5.  In  the  three  weeks  the  division  was  in  the  Torcy-IIautevesnes  sector  it  lost  most 
heavily.  .Several  companies  of  the  20fch  Regiment  were  annihilated  on  June  8-9;  the 
others  were  reduced  to  30-40  rifles.  The  division  lost  about  one-half  its  effectives 
in  this  period. 

6.  It  was  withdrawn  about  June  30  and  reconstituted  in  reserve  of  the  Torcy  sector 
near  Coincy  from  July  1  to  17. 

Battle  of  the  Marne. 

7.  The  division  came  back  on  the  18th  and  engaged  in  rear-guard  fighting  near 
Monthiers  and  GrLsolles.  It  was  engaged  on  defensive  works  near  Blanzy  los  Fismes 
from  July  29  to  August  8. 

8.  It  rested  in  the  region  of  Bruyeres  from  August  2-8,  when  it  was  transported  to 
Belgium  by  Marle-Hirson  to  rest.  On  the  31st  it  was  alerted  and  entrained,  the  regi- 
ments following  with  a  day's  interval  by  Mauberg-St.  Quentin,  detraining  at  Laon 
and  Crepy  en  Laonnois.     From  that  point  it  moved  by  foot  to  Vauxaillon  front. 

AlSNE-AlLETTE. 

9.  On  September  3  the  division  relieved  the  238th  Division  east  of  Louilly.  In  the 
succeeding  days  it  suffered  very  heavily.     It  was  relieved  on  September  IG. 

10.  The  di\'i8ion  left  the  Laon  area  on  September  16  and  detrained  that  night  at 
St.  Juvin,  where  it  rested  until  September  24.  The  heavy  losses  of  the  diA'ision  were 
made  good  while  there. 

Argonne. 

11.  It  entered  the  line  opposite  the  American  1st  Army  on  September  27  in  the 
region  of  Montblainville.  After  heavy  losses,  which  caused  a  partial  disintegration  of 
the  division,  it  withdrew  on  October  8.  The  3d  Guard  Grenadier  Regiment  was 
practically  destroyed  in  this  fighting. 

WOEVRE. 

12.  It  was  transported  to  the  Woevre  and  on  Ortobin-  19  was  engaged  east  of  ^'erdun 
at  Chatillon  sous  les  Cotes.     Here  it  remained  until  the  armistice. 

VALUE 1918  E.«!TIMATK. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  first-class  division,  but  after  its  rough  handling  in  Ihe 
Hautevesnes-Torcy  sector  it  lost  much  of  its  value  as  an  attack  division. 

Both  on  the  ALsne  in  September  and  in  the  Argonne  the  division's  losses  were 
extremely  heavy.  Battalions  were  reduced  to  three  companies  in  October.  By  the 
20th  of  October  the  remnants  of  the  companies  were  combined  to  make  one. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.      109 

HISTORY. 
(Third  District — Brandenburg.) 

1914. 
France. 

1.  The  5th  Division  with  the  (ith  DiNision  formed  the  3d  Army  Corps.  At  the 
beginning  of  the  campaign  it  was  part  of  the  1st  Arm_y  (Von  Ivluck).  It  detrained 
near  Aix  la  Chapelle  August  9  and  10,  entered  Belgium  the  14th,  and  passed  through 
Louvain  the  19th.  Took  part  in  the  battle  of  Charleroi  and  the  battle  of  the  Marne 
(at  Sancy  and  Cerneux,  Sept.  0),  then  in  the  battles  between  the  Aisne  and  the  Marne 
in  September,  and  was  finally  stabilized  between  the  Aisne  and  the  Oise,  in  the  region 
Yailly  and  Soissons. 

1915. 

1.  Battle  of  Soissons  (Jan.  13). 

2.  About  June  10  the  5th  Division  was  no  longer  a  part  of  the  1st  Armj-.  July  1  it 
was  sent  to  Douai,  and  about  July  14  held  the  sector  before  Arras. 

3.  September  25,  1915,  took  part  in  the  attacks  in  Champagne. 
Belgium. 

4.  Went  to  Belgium  in  December.  About  December  25  was  at  rest  in  the  region 
Hirson-Avesnes. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  At  the  ])eginning  of  February,  191G,  it  was  in  the  region  of  Spincourt. 

2.  At  the  end  of  February  at  Verdun.  It  fought  near  Herbebois  February  23. 
It  attacked  Douaumont  February  26  and  suffered  seA'ere  losses.  It  was  again  en^ao-ed 
from  March  8  to  15  and  from  April  22  to  the  end  of  the  May. 

SOMME. 

3.  July  at  the  Somme  (Longueval,  Bois  Delville).     Suffered  heavy  losses. 

4.  Middle  of  August  in  Champagne  (Auberive)  until  October  12. 
Verdun. 

5.  December,  191(j,  it  went  again  to  A'erdun  (region  of  Vaux,  Dec.  7).  Units  of  the 
5th  Division  were  engaged  as  reinforcements  during  the  French  attack  of  December 
15.  The  di\ision  was  A^thdrawn  from  the  Verdun  front  about  December  25  and  sent 
to  the  region  of  Mulhouse. 

1917. 
Alsace. 

1.  Stayed  in  Upper  Alsace  (region  of  Mulhouse  and  Ferrette)  until  April  20,  1917. 
It  held  temporarily  a  calm  sector  in  the  Vosges  region,  but  during  this  period  it  is 
used  jjarticularly  for  entrenching  works  on  the  French  front  and  the  S^riss  frontier. 
Champagne. 

2.  It  was  alarmed.  It  entrained  in  the  region  of  Mulhouse  and  was  sent  through 
Montmedy  and  Redan  to  ('hampagne,  where  it  went  into  line  on  April  23  in  the  Mont- 
Haut  sector,  where  it  suffered  very  heavy  losses. 

3.  Left  Champagne  front  at  the  beginning  of  May. 

4.  Toward  the  end  of  June  it  was  in  the  Woevre  in  the  region  between  Conflans  and 
Briey. 

5.  At  the  beginning  of  July  it  was  again  in  the  Champagne  (T^ton  sector). 

RUSSLA.. 

6.  Sent  to  the  Eastern  Front  in  July  and  relieved  at  the  beginning  of  Sei)tember 
by  the  6th  Reserve  Di\'ision  in  the  region  of  Zbrucz. 

Italy. 

7.  About  October  sent  from  Galicia  to  Italy. 


110      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAJSr  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE. 

France. 

8.  Sent  from  Italy  to  France  at  the  beginning  of  January,  1918,  and  at  rest  behind 
the  front  in  Champagne.    January  20,  1918,  it  went  into  line  near  Butte  du  Mesnil. 

RECRUITING. 

Essentially  from  Brandenburg  (Regiments  of  the  Mark,  as  the  communiques  Bome- 
timea  call  it),  and  its  provincial  character  has  been  carefully  maintained. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

Although  not  as  good  as  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  the  morale  of  the  5th  Division 
seemed  good  and  its  fighting  value  worthy  of  consideration  (July  17). 

1918. 

1.  After  its  return  from  Italy  the  division  rested  and  trained  at  Chenois,  near 
Charleville,  from  January  1  to  March  1,  Avhen  it  moved  to  Anderlues-Resbaix  (west 
of  Charleroi)  from  March  1  to  14.  On  that  date  it  moved  to  the  front  by  night  marches 
by  Maubeuge,  Landrecies,  Wassigny,  and  Etaves. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  It  took  its  place  in  line  between  Lesdins  and  Remancourt  (north  of  St.  Quentin) 
on  the  night  of  March  20-21.  The  next  day  it  was  engaged  in  support  of  the  25th 
Di^'ision,  advancing  via  Morcourt  and  Fayet.  It  took  part  in  the  attack  on  Holnon 
Wood  and  reached  Attilly  that  night.  It  continued  to  advance  on  the  22d  via 
Beauvois-Lanchy-Uguy-Quivieres-Croix-]Moleguaux  to  a  point  east  of  Falvy.  On  the 
24th  it  forced  the  crossing  of  the  Somme  at  Fah^  and  Pargny  and  reached  Morchain 
that  night.  It  was  at  Omilcourt  on  the  25th  and  captured  Chaulnes  on  the  26th; 
from  there  it  advanced  to  Fouquescourt  and  Rouvroy  on  the  27th,  crossed  the  Avre, 
and  when  the  line  stabilized  near  Aub^dllers  the  division  -withdrew,  March  28.  Its 
losses  in  the  fighting  were  extremely  heavy.  In  crossing  the  Somme  it  especially 
distinguished  itself. 

3.  The  di\dsion  rested  until  April  3,  when  it  was  reengaged  between  Sauvillers  and 
Grivesnes  from  April  3-12.  It  again  lost  heavily,  especially  the  52d  Regiment,  during 
the  attack  of  April  4  near  the  Bois  de  Arrachies. 

4.  It  rested  and  trained  from  April  13  to  May  23  at  Iron  et  Vadencourt,  near  Guise. 
It  is  known  to  have  received  1,000  men  from  Beverloo  on  April  14.  From  !May  23  to 
26  it  marched  toward  the  Aisne  front  by  night,  through  Parpeville,  Monceau  le  Neuf, 
Aisis  sur  Serre,  Couvron,  Laniscourt,  Foucancourt. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

5.  On  the  night  of  June  26  it  entered  line  southeast  of  Lizy.  In  the  offensive  the 
di\-ision  advanced  by  Chavignon,  Malmaison,  Uregny,  region  of  Pommiers,  Mercin, 
Pernant,  east  of  Ambleny.  It  was  partially  relieved  on  June  7  and  the  last  elements 
withdrawn  by  June  13. 

6.  The  di\dsion  rested  between  Guise  and  Le  Nouvion  (Mannappes  Lechelle)  from 
the  middle  of  June  to  July  18.  During  this  period  the  Spanish  sickness  ra\Tshed  the 
troops.  Reinforcements  reconstituted  the  di\-ision  during  this  period.  On  July  19 
the  division  was  transported  to  Anezy  le  Chateau  by  way  of  Wassigny,  Guise,  Mesbri- 
court.     By  marches  it  moved  by  steps  to  south  of  Soissons. 

Battle  of  the  Marne. 

7.  On  July  21  the  division  was  engaged  near  Buzancy.  It  fell  hack  to  the  Vesle 
by  Acy  on  August  1-2.  It  remained  in  the  sector  south  of  Vailly  (Ciry-Salsogne, 
Sermoise)  until  September  5,  when  it  retired  to  the  line  Vailly-Celle  sur  Aisne. 
After  losing  more  than  1,000  prisoners  it  was  relieved  on  September  18. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEEiMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IK  WAR.      Ill 

Ardennes. 

8.  The  division  was  reengaged  in  the  region  of  Jonchery  on  September  28.  It 
retired  north  of  the  Aisne  (Sept.  30)  toward  Berry  au  Bac.  Again  retreated  October 
10  by  Prouvais,  La  Malmaison,  to  Nizy  Ic  Comte.  It  was  in  line  there  until  October 
17,  when  it  retired  to  the  second  line  for  a  week.  It  was  reengaged  in  the  same  region 
from  October  25  to  November  5,  when  it  retreated  by  Rozoy  and  Brunehamel  with 
extremely  heavy  losses. 

VALUE- — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

Before  the  summer  of  1918  the  5th  Di\Tsion  was  an  excellent  assault  di\'ision, 
frequently  mentioned  in  German  communiques.  But  after  August,  1918,  it  became 
a  sector-holding  division.  It  was  almost  constantly  in  line  after  July  21  with  conse- 
quent lowering  of  morale  and  discipline.  In  November  it  had  but  two  battalions 
per  regiment  and  three  companies  per  battalion. 


112      DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      113 

HISTORY. 

(Third  District — Brandenburg.) 

1914. 

The  5th  Reserve  Di'v'ision  is  oi^^anically  a  part  of  the  3d  Reserve  Corps,  with  the 
6th  Reserve  Division. 

Belgium. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  division  belonged  to  the  1st  Army  (Von  Khick). 
Detrained  at  Crefeld  from  August  10  to  12;  entered  Belgium  the  iSth.  The  3d  Reserve 
Corps  was  sent  to  France.  The  division  was  at  Malines  on  August  22,  at  Vilvorde  the 
2Gth,  and  fought  against  the  Belgians  on  that  day.  The  3d  Reserve  Corps  then  turned 
toward  Antwerp,  which  it  besieged.  After  the  city  was  taken  the  corps  advanced 
toward  the  sea  through  Ghent,  Bruges,  October  13  to  16.  The  19th  the  5th  Reserve 
Division  attacke'd  in  the  direction  of  Nieuport.  At  the  beginning  of  November  it 
fought  in  the  vicinity  of  Bixschoote,  in  the  forest  of  Houthulst;  then  until  the  end  of 
November  it  held  the  Dixmude-Langmarck  front. 

Russia. 

2.  About  December  2  the  division  entrained  for  the  eastern  front.  On  arriving  in 
Russia  it  became  part  of  Mackensen's  army  (9th  Army).     It  was  sent  to  the  Bzura. 

1915. 

1.  In  February,  1915,  the  division  was  attached  to  the  10th  Army  and  took  part  in 
the  battle  of  Prasnysz. 

2.  In  May  one  of  its  brigades  remained  before  Kovno  with  the  10th  Army  (Gen. 
von  Eichhorn).  The  other  brigade  joined  the  od  Reserve  Corps  of  the  9th  Army 
(Gen.  von  Fabeck)  and  fought  on  the  Bzura.  The  52d  Reserve  Infantrj'  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  107th  Division. 

3.  In  July  the  division  was  reorganized.  It  was  attached  to  the  9th  Armj^  before 
Warsaw  and  fought  between  the  Bzura  and  the  Pilica. 

4.  In  November,  after  crossing  the  Vistula  and  the  Bug  it  arrived  before  Barano- 
vitchi.     It  remained  in  this  region  until  March,  1917. 

1916. 

1.  On  January  1,  191G,  it  held  the  eastern  sector  of  Novo-Grudok,  north  of  Bara- 
novitchi. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  April  the  division  was  placed  in  reserve  behind  this  sector. 

3.  During  the  first  two  weeks  of  July  it  was  engaged  between  Gorodivche  and 
Baranovitchi  to  oppose  the  Russian  offensive  started  on  this  part  of  the  front.  On 
July  8  it  suffered  heavy^  losses.     (The  8th  Reserve  had  1 ,200  men  out  of  action.) 

1917. 
France. 

1.  It  was  relieved  in  this  area  about  the  middle  of  April  and  sent  to  the  Western 
Front. 

2.  Entrained  between  the  17th  and  ISth  of  April  at  Molczacz  (Baranovitchi  sector) 
and  went  to  France,  via  Brest-Lito^•sk-Warsaw-Oppeln-Breslau-Goerlitz-Dresden- 
Leipzig-Sondershausen-Frankfort  on  Main-Sarrebrucken-Metz.  It  detrained  at 
Mars  la  Tour. 

WOEVRE. 

3.  It  was  then  sent  to  St.  Maurice  sous  lea  Cotes,  where  it  rested  for  a  few  days 
and  then  went  to  the  Cotes  de  Meuse,  east  of  the  Combres  Heights.  It  went  into 
the  sector  before  Combres  (Calonne  trench)  on  May  15  or  16,  and  there  became  accus- 
tomed to  the  Western  Front. 

125651°— 20— S 


114      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Californie  Plateau. 

4.  Relieved  May  27,  it  was  sent  behind  the  Aisne  front;  spent  alxmt  three  weeks 
in  the  Sissonne  region,  and  about  June  19  went  into  line  on  Californie  Plateau  near 
Chaevreux.  On  June  2-1,  July  3  and  22,  the  <li\dsion  executed  some  xdolent  attacks 
on  Californie  Plateau,  and  some  of  its  units  lost  half  their  men. 

5.  Partially  relieved  about  July  23,  the  units  of  the  division  Avere  sent  to  rest  suc- 
cessively at  St.  Erme,  Ramecourt,  and  La  Selve.  Before  August  10  it  was  back  on 
Californie  Plateau  (region  of  Craonne  south  of  Corbeny). 

6.  The  division  took  part  on  the  same  position  in  the  general  retreat  of  November  1 
which  brought  the  German  lines  back  to  the  north  of  the  Ailette  following  the  French 
attack  of  La  Malmaison.  The  division  remained  on  these  new  lines  (south  and  west 
of  Corbeny)  imtil  January  22,  1918. 

7.  Relieved  on  this  date  and  put  through  a  course  of  training  in  the  region  of  Chi- 
may.     On  February  18  it  marched  to  the  sector  of  Juviucom't. 

RECRUITING. 

Brandenburg. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  dix^ision  is  considered  by  the  Germans  as  a  Aery  good  division.  Its  original 
elements  came  from  the  best  corps,  the  Brandenburg  corps,  but  it  contains  a  large 
proportion  of  Poles.  The  division  needs  rest  and  replacements,  ^\^aen  reconstituted 
it  Avill  probably  again  be  a  good  unit.     (Dec.  29,  1917.) 

1918.  ^ 
Laon. 

1.  On  February  21  the  diAdsiou  relieved  the  113th  Division  at  Juvincourt,  which 
sector  it  held  until  March  26. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  It  was  withdrawn  to  reinforce  the  battle  front  at  Chauny,  where  it  appeared  on 
April  2.  About  April  11,  it  retired  to  second  line,  from  which  it  returned  to  the 
battle  front  on  April  25,  relieving  the  242d  Di\ision  at  Couchy  le  Pots.  The  division 
continued  to  hold  this  sector  until  early  June. 

NOYON. 

3.  Between  June  1  and  10  it  was  moved  from  the  Couchy  le  Pots  sector  to  reinforce 
the  Montdidier-Noyon  battle  front,  where  it  was  identified  on  June  12  near  Courcelles. 
It  was  withdrawn  on  June  17. 

4.  During  July  the  division  rested  in  rear  of  the  Amiens  front. 

SOMME. 

5.  It  came  into  line  on  August  8  at  Trace  le  Mont.  In  the  opening  week  of  the 
offensive  it  lost  many  prisoners  and  retired  from  the  line  about  August  20  to  rest 
near  St.  Gobain.  On  the  29th  it  returned  to  line  near  Arblencourt-Champs.  It 
withdrew  early  in  September  but  returned  to  support  the  801h  Reserx'e  DiAdsion  in 
a  counterattack  executed  in  the  region  Sancy-Vauxillon  September  16-18. 

6.  Following  this  the  division  was  rested  near  Laon.  On  October  7  it  was  entrained 
and  moved  to  the  region  of  Tupigny-Mennevret. 

7.  It  was  engaged  on  October  9  to  the  east  of  Bohain  before  the  extreme  right  of  the 
4th  British  Army.  It  was  relieved  in  this  sector  on  October  23  by  the  200th  DiA-ision. 
At  this  time  the  division  was  very  low  in  effectives;  two  regiments  had  three  battalions 
of  three  companies  and  one  regiment  had  but  two  battalions.  The  average  company 
strength  v/aa  about  50  men. 

8.  Retired  to  rest  for  15  days,  the  division  returned  to  line  on  November  5,  near 
Wiege  Faty.     It  was  last  identified  at  Trelon  on  November  11. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  second-class  di\isiou.  In  the  earlier  years  it  was  a 
very  good  division,  but  through  losses  and  lack  of  reinforcements  during  1918  con- 
siderably reduced  its  value. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      115 


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HISTORY. 

(7;5d   Landwehr  and   74th  Landwehr:  Tenth  Difitrict — Hanover.     8th   Landstiirm: 
Eighth  District — Rhine  Province.) 

1916. 

The  5th  Ersatz  Division  was  organized  in  the  fall  of  1015  -svith  the  name  of  Basedow 
Division.  It  comprised  the  37th  Landwehr  Brigade  (73d  and  74th  Landwehr), 
until  then  attached  to  the  26th  Reserve  Corps,  and  the  2d  Reserve  Ersatz  Brigade 
(3d  Ersatz  Reserve  and  4th  Reserve  Brigade),  situated  in  the  Dixmude  sector.  With 
the  4th  Ersatz  Di\nsion,  the  Basedow  Di\'ision,  which  became  the  5th  Ersatz  DiAision 
in  1916,  constituted  at  the  end  of  1915  the  Werde  Corps. 

Belgium. 

1.  From  January  to  October,  1916  the  division  remained  in  Belgium  (region  of 
Yser,  then  southeast  of  Ypres).  However,  the  4th  Ersatz  Reserve  was  transferred 
to  the  206th  Di\'ision  at  the  beginning  of  September. 

SOMME. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  Ypres  front  at  the  beginning  of  October,  the  division  was 
sent  to  the  Somme  and  engaged  north  of  Courcelette  from  October  19  to  30. 

3.  In  November  it  was  sent  to  rest  behind  the  Champagne  front. 

Russia. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  December  it  was  sent  to  Ptussia  (the  73d  Landwehr  entrained 
December  11  northeast  of  Reims,  via  Dusseldorf-Hambxirg-Koenigsbiu-g-Tilsit-Pone- 
viej.     Detrained  at  Elovka  the  16th). 

1917. 

COURLAND. 

Sent  into  line  in  the  Illukst  sector  (region  of  Dvinsk)  at  the  beginning  of  January 
1917  and  remained  in  this  country  during  the  whole  year  (Illukst,  Lake  Stenten, 
Kchtchava).  Its  losses  were  A'ery  small — 17  killed  and  20  wounded  in  the  3d  Ersatz 
Reserve  from  the  end  of  December,  1916,  to  the  end  of  August,  1917.  Because  the 
sector  was  so  quiet  the  division  had  only  small  forces  during  the  last  months  of  1917. 
The  73d  Landwehr  at  the  end  of  November  had  only  GO  to  65  men  per  company  (exami- 
nation of  Russians). 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  remained  for  a  long  time  in  the  quiet  sectors  of  the  Russian  front  and 
seems  to  have  had  only  moderate  fighting  value. 

1918. 

CoURLAND. 

1 .  The  5th  Ersatz  Division  was  still  in  the  vicinity  of  Dvinsk  in  February.  In  March 
it  exchanged  the  3d  Ersatz  Regiment  for  the  8th  I>andsturm  Regiment  of  the  87th 
Division,  the  latter  being  on  the  point  of  leaA-ing  for  France. 

LiVONLA.. 

2.  The  division  advanced  into  Livonia  (in  March)  and  remained  in  the  Pskov- 
Ostrov  region  as  late  as  June  27th.  The  74th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  identified  here 
on  August  6,  but  the  rest  of  the  division  was  identified  near  Mitau  during  July. 

3.  Toward  the  end  of  October,  it  was  reported  that  the  division,  having  been 
refitted,  had  come  to  the  Western  Front  via  Trier  and  Rethel  however,  the  division 
was  never  actually  identified  on  the  Western  Front. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  4(h  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     117 


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118    Dmsio:?rs  of  germax  aemy  which  paktictpated  in  war. 

HISTORY. 

(25th  Landwehr  and  Goth  Landwehr:  Eighth  District — Rhine  Province.     36th  Land- 
wehr:  Fourth  District — Prussian  Saxony.) 

1914. 

The  5th  Landwehr  Di\-ision  is  composed  of  two  Landwehr  brigades  meant  to  be 
the  war  garrison  of  Metz,  where  they  detrained  August  0  and  10,  1914 :  14th  Landwehr 
Brigade  from  the  Fourth  District  (fiGth  Landwehr  and  GGth  Landwehr);  30th  Land- 
wehr Brigade  from  the  Eighth  District  (25th  Landwehr  and  G5th  Landwehr).  The 
17th  Landwehr  was  under  the  14th  Brigade. 

WoEVRE. 

1.  During  the  first  days  of  Septem1>er  the  14th  Landwehr  Brigade  was  engaged  at 
Fresnes  and  MarcheA^lle  (in  Woevre),  near  the  33d  Reserve  DiA-ision.  It  fought  on 
the  Cotes  de  Meuse,  near  Champion  and  Les  Eparges,  at  the  beginntng  of  October 
and  suffered  hea\'y^  losses  there. 

2.  In  December  the  two  brigades  (14th  Landwehr  Brigade  and  30th  Landwehr 
Brigade)  were  iinited  in  the  Woevre  (Warcq,  Hennemont,  Marcheville,  Champion, 
Saulx).     The  di\'ision  at  that  time  was  part  of  the  Yon  Strantz  detachment. 

1915. 

1.  The  di\asion  remained  in  the  sector  between  Warcq  and  Saulx  en  Woe\Te  diu"ing 
the  whole  of  1915.  In  January  the  17th  Landwehr,  from  which  many  men  had  de- 
serted; was  sent  to  Russia,  where  it  assisted  in  the  formation  of  the  85th  Landwehr 
Division. 

1916. 
Cotes  de  Meuse. 

1.  At  the  time  of  the  Verdun  offensive  the  division  was  present  during  the  attacks 
on  the  Cotes  de  !Meiise,  near  Braquis.  R,onvaux,  Manhuelles,  at  the  end  of  February 
to  March,  191G. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  March  the  14th  Landwehr  Brigade  took  the  place  of  the 
First  Guard  Ersatz  Brigade  (Guard  Ersatz  Di\-ision)  in  the  Apremont  sector. 

3.  The  30th  Landwehr  Brigade  was  kept  before  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  (region  of 
Fresnes  en  Woevre)  until  July.     It  then  rejoined  the  other  brigade  east  of  St.  Mihiel. 

1917. 
Forest  of  Apremont. 

1.  The  di\asion  from  this  time  on  did  not  leave  the  Forest  of  Apremont  sector.  In 
April,  1917,  the  GGth  Landwehr  was  transferred  to  the  23d  Landwehr  Division,  newly 
organized,  and  soon  sent  to  Rus.'^ia. 

VAT-rE 1917    estimate. 

A  sector  unit. 

inis. 

1.  On  April  12  the  division  undertook  a  loral  operation  in  tlie  Apremont  sector  in 
an  effort  to  divert  troops  and  artillery  from  the  Somme  front.  Alx)ut  800  men  of  the 
Storm  Battalion  were  engaged.  Forty-seven  prisoners  were  lost  in  the  attack.  Aside 
from  this  the  sector  continued  very  quiet  until  September  12. 

Battle  of  St.  Mihiel. 

2.  The  division  was  engaged  in  the  attack  in  the  St.  !Mihiel  salient.  It  lost  heavily 
in  prisoners,  among  whom  were  the  entire  staff  of  the  3d  Battalion,  G5th  Landwehr 
Regiment,  which  wa.s  taken  on  September  12  in  the  Bois  de  Thiaucourt.  The  diW-sion 
retreated  with  orders  to  take  up  positions  between  the  first  and  second  positions  of 


DIVTSIONS  OF  CxERMAX  ARMY  AYTTTCU  PAETTf^PATED  IN  WAR.      110 

the  Hindenbiirg  line.     Here  it  had  onlera  to  hnld  tlie  Mihiel  Zone  luider  all  cirnim- 
stances. 

3.  The  division  continued  in  line  until  the  armistice. 

VALITE 191S   ESTIMATE. 

The  5th  Landwehr  Division  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division.  In  1918  it  held 
the  Apremont  sector  continuously,  showing  no  initiative  or  capacity  for  offensive 
operation,  but  due  to  the  small  losses  and  heavy  effectives  it  offered  as  much  resistance 
to  our  attack  in  September  as  did  the  other  German  divisions  ia  the  salient. 


120      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      121 

HISTORY. 
(Upper  and  Middle  Franconia — Bavaria.) 

1914. 

Lorraine. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  division  was  a  part  of  the  3d  Bavarian  Army 
Corps,  with  the  6th  Bavarian  Division,  and  was  part  of  the  6th  Army  (Crown  Prince 
Ruprecht  of  Bavaria) .  Detrained  between  BoiUay  and  Courcelles  from  August  9  to  11 , 
it  fought  August  20  on  the  right  of  the  2d  Bavarian  Corps  at  Oron,  Lusy,  Fremery. 
Crossed  the  frontier  on  the  22d  and  advanced  to  Sanon,  fighting  on  the  25th  at  Serres 
and  Hoeville,  and  on  September  2  at  Einville  Wood.  During  the  days  following  it 
formed  the  left  of  the  troops  attacking  Nancy  by  way  of  Champenoux. 

WoEVRE. 

2.  After  its  failure  the  division  was  assembled  at  Metz  on  September  13  and  14. 
The  19th  it  was  at  Mars-la-Tour.  From  there  going  through  La  Haye  it  reached  the 
Cotes  de  Meuse.  The  7th  Infantry  took  Nonsard  the  20th  and  Ileudicourt  the  21st. 
Marching  on  the  left  of  the  6th  Bavarian  Division,  which  went  up  the  hill,  the  5th 
Bavarian  Division,  walking  along  the  summit,  established  itself  in  the  forest  of  Apre- 
mont  at  the  beginning  of  September  25  and  held  it  during  the  Avhole  of  1915,  and, 
except  for  the  months  of  October  and  November,  1915,  during  the  summer  of  1916. 
Its  losses  were  quite  high  during  the  first  two  months  of  the  campaign.  On  October 
14  the  Ist  Company  of  the  14th  Infantry  had  only  1  officer  and  41  men  (notebooks). 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1.  October  6,  1915,  the  division  was  sent  to  Champagne,  A-ia  Aiidmi  le  Roman- 
Longuyon-Sedan,  to  relieve  the  16th  Reserve  Division  which  had  been  crushed  by  the 
French  attack  of  September  25.  It  was  engaged  south  of  Tahure  (La  Courtine) 
beginning  October  13. 

WoEVRE. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  December  it  returned  to  its  old  sector  east  of  St.  Mihiel. 

1916. 
Artois. 

1.  In  July,  1916,  the  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  St.  Mihiel  salient  and  sent 
to  Artois.     It  held  the  Lens-Vimy  sector  imtil  the  end  of  August,  1916. 

SOMME. 

2.  September  7  to  8  it  was  engaged  in  the  Somme  (Delville  Wood-Ginchy).  It 
suffered  heavy  losses  in  the  fights  around  Ginchy  and  dining  the  British  attack  of 
September  15  (Flers,  Gueudecourt). 

Artois. 

3.  Relieved  September  20,  it  went  back  into  line  after  a  few  days  of  rest  in  the 
sector  Neuve-Chapelle,  south  of  the  Armentieres  road. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1.  The  division  remained  on  the  front  south  of  Armentieres  during  the  whole  winter 
1916  to  1917.  In  February  it  was  reduced  to  three  regiments  on  the  transfer  of  the 
14th  Infantry  to  the  16th  Bavarian  Di\dsion,  newly  organized. 

2.  It  left  the  Lines  at  the  end  of  April,  but  at  the  beginning  of  May  went  to  the  sector 
north  of  Arras,  where  it  fought  heaAdly  at  Fresnoy  on  May  7  and  southeast  of  Gavrelle 
on  June  28. 

Belgium. 

3.  Withdrawn  from  the  Oppy-Gavrelle  front  July  1  and  sent  to  rest  near  the  Belgian- 
Dutch  front.     It  went  through  a  period  of  training  at  the  Brasschaet  camp  in  July. 


122       IHVISIOXS  OF  fJERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  I'Ai:  TK  IPATKl)  IX   WAR. 

Flanueus. 

4.  About  August  6  it  entrained  and  went  to  Ciits,  via  I.okeren,  Chont,  Thielt,  and 
Pit  then.  From  there  it  went  to  Roulers.  On  August  10  held  the  sector  south  of  St. 
Julien,  east  of  Ypres,  where  it  suffered  heavy  losses  in  the  fighting  of  August  15  and 
days  following.     Relieved  August  24. 

5.  After  a  period  of  rest  the  division  went  back  into  line  September  8  in  the  quiet 
sector  of  Deiilemont  (south  of  the  Lys)  and  held  it  until  the  end  of  February,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Upper  -.11111  MiiMlo  Franconia  {M  Bavarian  District). 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Although  not  among  the  best  Bavarian  divisions,  it  was  a  good  combat  unit.  In 
1917  it  did  well  at  .\rras  and  on  the  Ypres  front  where  it  suffered  hea\'y  losses  (infor- 
mation from  the  British,  February,  1918). 

1918. 

1.  About  February  13  the  di\dsion  was  relieved,  moved  to  Tourcoing  (Feb.  14), 
and  trained  in  that  area  until  March  17,  when  it  marched  to  Roubaix.  It  entrained 
and  moved  to  Fressies  (5  miles  north  of  Cambrai),  rested  until  the  19th,  and  moved 
to  the  front. 

BArn.E    OK    PiCAUUY. 

2.  It  was  engaged  east  of  Cambrai  (Vaux-Vran court)  on  March  22.  Retiring  to 
second  line  ab.)ut  April  4,  it  rested  near  Sapignies  until  about  April  11,  when  it  was 
identified  southeast  of  Boyelles.     It  was  relieved  by  the  111th  Di\'ision  on  May  6. 

3.  The  division  trained  in  the  Somain  area  until  May  22,  when  it  was  moved  by 
trucks  \-ia  Cantin  and  Palluel  to  Fcourt.  A  day  later  it  marched  to  Bullecourt  and 
relieved  the  221st  Dix-ision  on  night  of  May  21-25.  Lieut.  Gen.  v.  Endres,  the  di\'i- 
sion  commander,  was  promoted  to  the  command  of  the  1st  Bavarian  Corps  about  this 
time  The  division  wa.s  relieved  in  the  Boyelles  sector  on  July  15  by  the  21st 
Reserve  Division. 

B.\TTLE    OP   THE    PoMME. 

4.  After  resting  behind  the  Arras  Front  the  division  entered  the  line  near  Lihons 
on  August  10.  After  suffering  heavy  losses  it  T^athdrew  from  the  battle  front  south  of 
Peronne  on  September  24  and  retired  to  the  Le  Cateau  region. 

5.  It  rested  for  a  week  and  returned  to  the  battle  at  Rumilly  on  the  night  of  Sep- 
tember 30-October  1.  About  October  12,  after  heavy  lo.sses,  it  was  withdrawn  and 
re.sted  near  Valenciennes. 

fi.  On  October  25  it  was  asrain  put  in  linn  at  Rameguies-rhin.  It  was  last  identified 
at  Moiircourt  on  November  9. 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  5th  Bavarian  Division  was  a  first-class  division.  In  1918,  it  was  almost  con- 
stantly engaged  in  the  most  active  sectors  on  the  British  front. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      123 


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124      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Tliird  Bavarian  District — Upper  Palatinate,  Upper  and  Middle  Franconia.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1.  The  division  constituted,  vn.i\i  the  oth  Bavarian  Reserve  Division,  tlie  1st 
Bavarian  Reserve  Corps,  and  at  the  Ijeginning  of  the  war  wa-s  part  of  the  army  of 
Crown  Prince  Ruprecht  of  Bavaria  (Gth  Army).  It  detrained  from  August  11  to  13 
between  Sarreguemines  and  Sarralbe.  It  fought  August  20  on  the  left  of  the  21st 
Corps  at  Loudrefeing,  was  engaged  the  26th  at  Maixe,  September  2  at  Deuxville, 
northwest  of  Luniville,  and  remained  a  few  days  longer  beliind  I.univille. 

2.  On  September  13  it  was  in  line  on  the  Seille  and  the  Paris-Avricoixrt  Railroad 
and  remained  there  until  the  last  days  of  the  month. 

Artois. 

3.  September  28  and  29  the  division  entrained  at  iletz.  Detrained  the  30th  and 
October  1  at  \'alenciennes.  Engaged  north  of  An-as  (Roclincourt-Carency)  in  October 
and  November  and  took  position  in  the  sector. 

19ir,. 

In  Januaiy,  1915,  the  division  was  increa,sed  by  the  39th  Landwehr  Infantry'  (West- 
phalian),  coming  from  Brussels  and  sent  as  punishment  to  the  Artois  front.  In 
2ilarch  and  April  two  of  its  regiments  were  transferred,  the  Gth  Reserve  to  the  10th 
Bavarian  Di^osion,  and  the  13th  to  the  11th  Bavarian  Division. 

Artois. 

1.  !May  9,  1915,  the  division  suffered  very  hea\'y  losses  during  the  French  offensive 
of  Carency-Souchez.  (The  10th  Reserve  Infantry  lost  35  officers  and  1,711  men,  the 
1st  Reserve  Bavarian  Battalion  of  Chasseurs  lost  13  officers  and  750  men.) 

2.  In  the  middle  of  June  the  di\Tsion  was  moved  south  of  the  Scarjje  in  front  of 
Arras  (Blangy  sector). 

1916. 

In  Januan,',  1916,  the  39th  Landwehr  Infantry  went  to  Russia. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  Artois  until  August,  1916,  and  vraa  increased  by  a 
regiment  from  the  1st  Bavarian  Division  (3d  Reserve  Infantry  later  replaced  by  the 
12th  Reser\'e  Infantrj^). 

SOMME. 

2.  Relieved  about  August  7,  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Somme  and  was  engaged 
near  Maurepas  from  the  middle  of  August  to  September.  Heaw  losses.  August  19 
the  2d  Battalion  of  the  10th  Reserve  Infantrj'  was  reduced  to  150  men  (letter).  Sep- 
tember 1  the  3d  Battalion  of  the  7th  Reserve  Infantry  borrowed  200  men  from  the  5th 
Bavarian  Ersatz  (letter). 

AlSNE. 

3.  In  the  middle  of  September  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Aisne,  where  it  held  a 
quiet  sector  east  of  Craonne  until  the  end  of  November. 

SoMME. 

4.  About  December  9  the  division  returned  to  the  Somme  (south  of  Saillisel.) 

1917. 

1.  The  division  waa  withdrawn  from  the  Somme  front  at  the  end  of  January',  1917, 
and  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Cambrai  until  April. 

Al.SNE. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  April  it  was  sent  east  of  Laon  to  the  region  of  St.  Erme,  and 
reinforced  the  front  south  of  Juvincourt  between  the  Aliette  and  the  Aisne  about 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  "ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      125 

April  12,  iu  anticipalioii  uf  the  French  offensive.     It  was  subjected  to  the  attack  of 
the  16th  and  suffered  heavy  losses  (2,000  prisoners). 
St.  Mihiel. 

3.  Withdrawn  from  the  Aisne  front  about  April  20,  the  division  was  reconstituted 
north  of  Laon  (?),  and  on  May  1  held  the  St.  ^lihiel  sector  (Chau^'oncourt-Spada). 

4.  October  7  it  left  the  region  of  St.  Mihiel. 
Flanders. 

5.  Sent  to  Flanders  and  sent  into  line  October  12  near  the  Ypres-Roulers  Railroad 
(Zonnebeke).  In  November  it  was  left  of  Artois,  where  it  held,  after  intervals  of 
relief,  a  sector  north  of  the  Scarpe  (from  Ga\Telle  to  Acheville) .  1 1  was  still  there  at 
the  end  of  February,  1918. 

RECRUrriNG. 

3d  Bavarian  Division  (I'pper  I'alatinate,  Upper  and  Middle  P'ranconia). 

V.^XUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Good  division,  which  has  always  fought  well  (October,  1917).  April  16,  1917,  it 
fought  with  great  tenacity. 

1918. 

1.  Early  in  January  the  division  was  relieved  in  its  sector  north  of  the  Scarpe  and 
went  to  rest  north  of  Douai. 

Scarpe. 

2.  It  was  reengaged  southeast  of  Gavrelle  on  February  21,  when  it  was  in  line  dur- 
ing the  attack.  It  took  no  prominent  part  in  the  offensive  and  was  withdrawn  about 
the  1st  of  April. 

Somme. 

3.  On  April  7-8  it  came  in  line  south  of  llebuterne,  where  it  was  engaged  until 
April  16.  After  eight  days'  rest  it  came  into  line  south  of  the  Ayette,  relieving  the 
195th  Di^'ision  on  April  24.     It  was  not  withdrawn  until  July  24. 

Alsace. 

4.  The  division  moved  to  Muelhausen,  via  Belgium  and  Germany,  a  trip  of  10 
days.  Wliile  at  rest  there  it  was  frequently  alerted  in  anticipation  of  an  expected 
Allied  attack  in  that  region.  On  September  4  it  returned  through  Germany  and 
Belgium  to  Douai,  where  the  British  were  attacking. 

5.  It  left  Douai  on  September  22,  detraining  at  Dun  sur  Meuse  on  September  23. 
From  there  the  division  marched  to  the  front. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

6.  On  September  27  it  was  engaged  at  Daunevoux.  It  was  engaged  throughout  the 
entire  Meuse-Argonne  battle  on  the  American  front.  At  !Montfaucon  it  was  forced 
back  with  heavy  losses.  The  division  affected  relief  by  regiments,  Avhich  were  sent 
to  close  support  to  be  reconstituted  by  drafts.  Five  hundred  replacements  were 
received  early  in  October.  The  initial  company  combat  strength  averaged  GO  men. 
On  November  4  this  had  been  reduced  to  20.  During  the  retreat  of  November  1-2 
the  division  crossed  the  Meuse  and  took  up  a  position  on  the  east  bank. 

value— 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  5th  Ba^•arian  Reserve  Division  was  rated  as  a  second-class  diWsion.  Apart 
from  the  Meuse-Argonne  offensive,  it  did  not  see  much  heavy  lighting  during  the 
year.     Its  effectives  had  been  almost  completely  used  up  ]jy  the  time  of  the  armistice. 


126      DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

5tli  Cavalry  Division. 

COMPOSITION.! 


1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

9  Cav 

4  Drap. 

11  Cav 

10  V'hlan. 

12  Cav 

8  Drag. 
4  Hus. 

enus. 

5  Horse  Art. 

Abt.  (5.7  cm.). 

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1  M.  G.  Btry 

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Attached .                             

52  Ldw.  Inf. 

Rgt. 

•  At  the  time  of  its  dissoUition,  July,  1918. 

HISTORY. 
1918. 

There  were  repeated  rumors  of  the  division  Ijeing  on  the  Western  P>ontin  1918,  but 
no  satisfactory  identilication  was  ever  received. 

According  to  a  deserter  of  the  8th  Dragoon  Regiment,  who  left  his  regiment  in  Jeu- 
mont,  south  of  Binche,  on  May  20,  the  entire  5th  Cavalry  Di^-ision  entrained  in  Russia 
about  March  6  and  detrained  at  Zossen,  south  of  Berlin,  where  it  was  re-formed  and 
trained.  On  the  26th  of  April  the  division  moved  to  St.  Amand,  from  where  it  moved 
two  weeks  later  to  the  Jeumont  and  Marpent  area. 

E^'idence  points  to  the  dissolution  of  the  division  on  the  Western  Front  about 
July,  1918. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATK. 

The  division  was  rated  aa  a  fourth-class  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      127 


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128      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Third  District — Brandeubmg.) 

1914. 

At  mobilization  the  6th  Di\'ision  formed,  together  vnXh  the  5th  I)i\'ision,  the  .3(1 
Army  Ooips  (Berlin). 
Charleroi-Marne. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  .3d  Army  Corps  belonged  to  the  1st  Army  (Von 
Kluck).  Entered  Belgium  August  4  and  the  11th  Brigade  made  part  of  the  unit 
which  attacked  Liege.  Its  reser\-ists  rejoined  it  there.  The  12th  Brigade  crossed 
the  Belgian  frontier  August  15;  then  the  di\'ision,  completely  filled  up,  marched  via 
Tongres,  Louvain,  and  Hal.  It  fought  the  24th  at  Mons  and  Frameries.  Going  A-ia 
Villers-Cotterets  (Sept.  1),  La  Ferte-Milon,  it  arrived  at  Petit-LIorin  September  4. 
Engaged  the  6th  between  Montceaux  and  Oourgivaux  on  the  left  of  the  5th  Division. 
Obliged  to  retreat,  it  established  itself  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Aisne  in  the  region  of 
Soissons.     It  remained  there  until  the  end  of  June,  1915. 

Aisne. 

2.  From  October  30  to  November  30,  1914,  the  di\ision,  reinforced  by  units  of 
neighboring  organizations,  directed  a  successful  offensive  against  the  French  troops 
in  the  region  Chavonne-Soupir  and  threw  them  back  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Aisne 
November  17  to  19,  1914. 

1915. 

1.  From  the  end  of  January  to  July,  1915,  the  Aisne  front  was  held  by  the  division 
and  remained  quiet,  the  division  suffering  no  losses.  At  the  end  of  March  the  35th 
Fusilier  Regiment  was  transferred  to  56th  Division  (new  diAdsion). 

Artois. 

2.  Relieved  from  the  region  of  Soissons  toward  the  end  of  June  and  sent  to  Artois. 
On  July  14  it  took  the  place  of  the  Bavarians  before  Arras.  Withdrawn  from  the  front 
toward  the  beginning  of  August  and  sent  to  rest  between  Valenciennes  and  Cambrai. 
Serbia. 

3.  September  23  it  entrained  for  the  Eastern  Front.  With  the  25th  Reserve  Divi- 
sion it  constituted,  on  the  Serbo-IIungarian  frontier,  a  new  3d  Army  Corps  belonging 
to  the  Gallwdtz  Army.  October  9  it  crossed  the  Danube  and  remained  in  Serbia 
until  the  capture  of  Kragujewatz.  During  this  October  campaign  the  division  suffered 
greatly. 

France. 

4.  Returned  to  the  Western  Front  at  the  beginning  of  December.  Sent  to  rest  and 
reorganized  in  the  region  Hirson-Avesnes. 

1916. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January  and  the  beginning  of  February,  1916,  it  was  sent  to  the 
front  north  of  Verdun  (Romagne-Mangiennes  area). 

Verdun. 

2.  February  22  it  was  engaged  with  the  5th  Division  in  the  zone  between  the  western 
limits  of  Ilerbebois  and  the  eastern  slopes  of  the  Cotes  de  Meuse.  The  two  divisions 
did  not  go  beyond  Fort  Douaumont,  captured  liy  the  24th  Infantry.  Their  violent 
attacks  on  the  A-illage  I'cliruary  26  to  28  were  repulsed.  March  2  the  regiments  were 
withdrawn  from  the  front  and  filled  up. 

3.  On  March  8  new  and  unsuccessful  attacks  agairust  the  village  of  Douaujnont 
and  the  Hardaumont  defenses. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      129 

4.  About  March  15  the  3d  Army  Corps  was  withdrawn  from  the  front.  The  6th 
Division  went  to  the  region  of  Mulhouse  to  be  reorganized.  On  April  25  the  division 
was  again  engaged  (south  of  Douaumont-Caillette  Wood)  and  again  suffered  heavily. 
It  is  probable  that  each  of  its  regiments  were  completely  reorganized  after  each  attack 
on  Douaumont  (more  than  60  per  cent  losses). 

6.  At  the  end  of  May  the  division  was  relieved  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Ville 
au  Montois. 

Champagne. 

7.  In  the  middle  of  June  it  was  sent  to  Champagne  and  occupied  quiet  sectors 
northeast  of  Prunay,  then  east  of  Auberive.  It  remained  there  till  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber. It  exchanged  its  20tli  Infantry  Regiment  for  the  396th  Infantry  Regiment, 
organized  September  26.     (See  illustration.) 

SoMaj,K. 

8.  At  the  beginning  of  October  sent  to  the  Somme  and  was  engaged  in  the  region 
of  Gueudecourt  and  again  suffered  heavily,  October  8  to  29. 

Argonne. 

9.  Withdrawn  from  the  Somme  front  at  the  end  of  October;  went  to  the  Argonne 
in  the  sector  Fille-Morte-Boureuilles,  November  30  to  beginning  of  April,  1917. 

1917. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  April,  1917,  the  division  was  sent  to  Alsace.  It  stayed 
about  two  weeks  in  the  region  of  Mulhouse. 

Champagne. 

2.  About  April  20  sent  to  Champagne  and  took  over  a  sector  south  of  Moronbilliers 
where  it  was  subjected  to  the  French  attack  of  April  30.  It  had  to  be  relieved  a  few 
days  after,  as  it  suffered  great  losses  at  Mont-Haut  (50  to  75  men  per  company). 

3.  The  division  returned  to  Alsace  and  was  reorganized  behind  the  front  in  the 
region  of  Mulhouse. 

Russia. 

4.  About  July  1  sent  to  the  Eastern  Front  in  Galicia,  where  it  held  a  sector  in  the 
Skalat  region. 

France. 

Withdrawn  from  this  front  at  the  beginning  of  October  it  entrained  for  France, 
beginning  the  7th,  southeast  of  Tarnopol,  and  traveled  via  Lemberg-Cracow-Dresden- 
Cassel-Coblentz-Treves-Tliionville-Montmedy-Charleville-Vouziers. 

Aisne. 

5.  After  staying  a  few  days  around  Vouziers  and  Marie  the  division  was  sent  on 
October  23,  the  date  of  the  French  offensive,  precipitately  near  Laon.  October  24 
and  25  it  took  over  a  sector  on  the  Ailette  in  the  region  of  Lizy  (Urcel  sector)  and  was 
still  holding  it  January  24,  1918,  after  a  period  of  rest  in  Laon  in  November. 

recruiting. 
Same  remarks  as  for  the  5th  Division. 

VALUE 1917  estimate. 

The  3d  Army  Corps  was  always  considered  as  one  of  the  star  corps  of  the  Prussian 
Army.     The  6th  Division  was  among  the  best  in  Germany. 

The  military  qualities  seem  to  have  been  considerably  lessened  after  the  losses 
suffered,  notably  before  Verdun  and  in  the  Mont  Haut  sector.  It  must  be  noted, 
however,  that,  according  to  the  examination  of  a  deserter  on  November  2,  1917,  the 
39Gth  Regiment  is  still  considered  as  an  excellent  unit  who.^e  morale  is  intact. 

125051°— 20 9 


130      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAnTHIPATED  IX  WAR. 

Losses  before  Verdun  (Febniarj^  to  May,  191G^:  20tli  Infantrj',  2,904  men  (633  killed^; 
24th  Infantrj',  2,691  (584  killed);  64tli  Infantn-,  2,819  (603  killed);  3d  Battalion  of 
Chasseurs,  1,422  (219  killed).     Total,  9,831  men  (2,039  killed). 

1918. 

AlSNE. 

1.  The  di\'ision  was  relieved  liy  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserve  DiAision  January  12. 
It,  in  turn,  relieved  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  the  24th.  Februarj^  22  it 
was  again  relieved  by  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserse  Di\'ision.  It  rested  then  in  the 
Iklaubeuge  area,  where  it  underwent  a  thorough  covirse  of  training.  The  di\*ision 
then  marched  \ia  Catillon,  Bohain,  Fi'esnoj'  le  Grand,  Le  Verguier,  Berthaucourt, 
Vermand,  Marteville,  Trefcon,  ]\Ionchy  Lagachc. 

Peronne. 

2.  It  came  into  line  S.  E.  of  that  city  near  Meharicourt,  March  24,  relieving  the  113th 
Division. 

AlSNE. 

3.  It  was  withdrawn  from  line  about  the  10th  of  April,  and  went  to  the  Guise  area, 
where,  with  the  5th  Division,  it  was  put  through  another  coiu-se  of  training.  It  rein- 
forced the  battle  front  near  Juvigny,  May  27.     It  was  withdrawn  from  line  August  4. 

It  moved  via  Anizy  le  Chateau,  southwest  of  Laon,  Guise,  Grougis,  Bohain,  Bertrj-, 
Neu^dlly,  Solesmes,  Valenciennes,  Ghent,  to  Tiu"kyen  (northwest  of  Roulers).  The 
division  remained  here  until  September  7,  when  it  entrained  at  Roulers  and  traveled 
\'ia  Lille  and  Denain  to  Iwuy,  remaining  in  reserve  in  the  Sancourt-Pro\ille  area 
until  the  14th,  when  it  was  moved  up  into  support  near  Ribecourt. 
Cambrai. 

4.  Dirring  the  night  of  September  17-18  it  reentered  the  line  and  counterattacked 
against  Ha\Tincourt  (southwest  of  Cambrai).  It  was  withdrawn  October  1,  after 
suffering  heavj"- losses. 

5.  The  division  came  back  into  line  near  Escadoeu\Tes  (northeast  of  Cambrai), 
October  7.     It  was  withdrawn  on  the  17th. 

Valenciennes. 

6.  October  23  the  division  entered  line  near  Escautpont  (north  of  Valenciennes). 

7.  It  was  withdrawn  a  few  days  later,  and  reappeared  in  line  south  of  Valenciennes 
on  the  29th.     The  night  of  November  7-8  it  was  relieved  by  the  185th  Division. 

VALUE 191S  estimate. 

According  to  an  article  by  Prof.  Wegener  in  the  Koelnische  Zeitung,  March  30, 
the  6th  Division  "particularly  distinguL-^hed  itself"  in  the  Somme  offensive.  It  did 
very  well,  too,  in  the  Aisne  attack  and  also  in  the  German  attempts  to  prevent  the 
Allied  advance  beginning  July  18.  It  suffered  very  heavy  losses — e.  g.,  1,550 
prisoners  in  its  two  engagements  on  the  Cambrai  front  during  September  and  early 
October;  nevertheless,  it  is  still  to  be  considered  as  one  of  the  best  German  shock 
di^'isions. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAiST  x\EMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR.      131 


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132      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Third  District — ^Brandenburg.) 

1914. 

The  Gth  Reserve  Division  belonged  organically  to  the  3d  Reserve  ^"orps,  like  the 
5th  Reserve  Division. 
Belgium. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  3d  Reserve  Corps  belonged  to  the  1st  German 
Army  (Gen.  von  Kluck).  The  6th  Reserve  Division  detrained  August  10  in  the 
region  of  Crefeld,  entered  Belgium  the  17th,  passed  through  Belgian  Liniburg  at  the 
beginning  of  September,  moved  on  Malines  to  oppose  the  Belgian  offensiAe.  Sep- 
tember 9  the  division  attacked  the  Belgian  troops  in  the  region  of  Louvain  and  then 
took  part  in  the  siege  of  Antwerp. 

YSER. 

2.  After  the  fall  of  Antwerp  it  moved  toward  the  sea  from  October  13  to  16,  through 
Ghent,  Bruges,  and  Ostend.  It  concentrated  near  Thourout  October  19  and  fought 
along  the  Yser  Canal.  It  fought  violently  in  the  region  of  Nieuport-Dixmude  at  the 
end  of  October  and  the  beginning  of  November. 

Russia. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  December  the  3d  Reserve  Corps  went  to  Russia,  the  6th 
Reserve  Division  being  withdrawn  from  the  Belgian  front  about  the  middle  of 
November. 

1915. 
Poland. 

1.  On  arriving  on  the  Eastern  Front  the  division  was  engaged  on  the  Bzura  and 
before  Warsaw  (9th  Army,  under  Mackensen). 

2.  In  July,  1915,  it  became  a  part  of  Yon  Buelow's  army,  which  marched  on  the 
left  wing  (north)  of  the  German  forces  during  the  offensiA-e  against  Russia  (summer 
and  fall  of  1915). 

DVINA. 

3.  In  November  the  division  still  belonged  to  Von  Buelow's  armj%  called  the 
Niemen  army,  and  was  engaged  on  the  Dvina. 

1916. 

COURLAND. 

1.  In  February,  1916,  the  division  (Sth  Army  under  Von  Buelow)  held  a  sector 
in  the  region  of  Riga-Friedrichstadt. 

2.  During  its  stay  in  Russia  the  division  did  not  have  very  heavy  losses  except  in 
July,  1916,  when  it  opposed  violent  Russian  attacks  near  Kekkau. 

1917. 

COUELAND. 

1.  Relieved  from  the  Kekkau  sector  in  May,  1917,  and  was  sent  to  the  Western 
Front. 

France. 

2.  Entrained  about  May  6  at  Mitau  and  sent  via  Cottbus,  Cassel,  Coblentz,  Treves, 
ThiouAdlle  to  Dun,  where  it  detrained  May  13. 

MoRT  Homme — Hill  304. 

3.  At  the  end  of  May  the  division  went  into  line  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse  in 
the  sector  Mort  llomme — Hill  304.  On  June  29  some  of  the  units  of  the  division 
supported  an  attack  attempted  by  the  1 0th  R«serAe  Division  against  Hill  304  and 
suffered  heavy  losses.  August  20  the  French  offensiAe  struck  them.  Its  losses  were 
enormous.     Two  of  its  regiments,  the  2 1th  lleserA e  and  20th  ReserAe,  were  nearly 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      133 

wiped  out.     The  35th  Reserve  was  not  weakened  quite  so  much,  j'et  was  seriously- 
diminished.    The  division  lost  2,800  prisoners. 

Russia. 

4.  WithdrawTi  from  the  front,  the  di\'ision  was  sent  to  Galicia  at  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember. It  was  still  there  January  31  on  the  old  Austro-Russian  frontier  after  furnish- 
ing reinforcements  to  the  Western  Front. 

RECRUITING. 

Brandenburg. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  6th  Reser\-e  Division,  a  short  time  after  its  return  from  the  Eastern  Front,  was 
considered  about  as  follows:  "Its  value  is  mediocre.  In  spite  of  its  units  from  Bran- 
denburg and  the  recent  creation  of  shock  troops,  its  long  stay  in  Russia  has  greatly 
depreciated  its  fighting  value"  (July  11,  1917). 

This  judgment  was  completely  verified  August  20,  1917:  "The  6th  Reserve  Division 
on  the  whole  opposed  no  resistance  to  the  French  attack  of  August  20  at  any  point. 
*  *  *  The  conduct  of  a  good  number  of  its  officers  seems  not  to  have  been  edif  jdng. 
A  good  many  seized  the  pretext  of  intoxication  or  gave  unsatisfactory  reasons  for 
withdrawing  to  the  rear"  (October,  1917). 

The  German  command  thought  best  to  send  this  division  back  to  the  Eastern  Front 

(September,  1917). 

1918. 
France. 

The  6th  Reserve  Di\'ision  entrained  at  Zborow  the  evening  of  March  8,  and  traveled 
via  Sokal-Brest  Litovsk-"\"arsovia-Kaliscz-Lissa-Gorlitz-Bautzen-Dresden-Leipsic- 
Weimar  -  Erf  urth  -  Eisenach  -  Bebra  -  Fulda  -  Ilanau  -  Frankfort  -  Mainz  -  Kreuznach  - 
Thionville-Sedan  to  Balhain  (northeast  of  Asfeld),  where  it  arrived  March  15. 

The  division  rested  at  Villers  (near  Asfeld)  until  the  25th  of  March,  when  it  re- 
entrained  and  traveled  to  Crecy  sur  Serre.  From  there  it  marched  \da  Mesbrecourt- 
Pouilly  sur  Serre-La  F^re-Liez-Commonchon  to  the  area  northeast  of  Noyon,  and 
remained  in  reserve  for  some  days.  Elements  of  the  division  came  into  line  west 
of  Chauny  at  the  end  of  March,  but  were  soon  mthdrawn.  About  the  1st  of  April  the 
whole  diAdsion  marched  to  Roye  and  remained  there  until  the  15th,  when  it  con- 
tinued its  march  xda  Erches  and  Arvillers  to  Plessier,  relieving  the  2d  Guard  Di\dsion 
southwest  of  Moreuil  May  1 . 

The  beginning  of  August  it  was  relieved  by  the  24th  Division  and  shortly  after  it 
was  dissolved  and  the  men  composing  it  were  sent  as  drafts  to  the  5th  and  6th  Di\dsion8. 

VALUE 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  only  aggressive  action  of  the  division  on  the  Western  Front  during  1918  was  a 
raid  carried  out  by  a  battalion  against  the  French  lines  in  the  La  Gaune  woods  (south- 
west of  Moreuil)  early  in  May;  it  was  not  a  success,  and  it  is  estimated  that  practically 
the  whole  attacking  force  was  wiped  out.  The  6th  Reserve  is  rated  as  a  third-class 
division . 


134     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     135 

HISTORY. 

(Upper  Palatinate  and  part  of  Lower  Bavaria.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1.  In  August,  1914,  the  6th  Bavarian  Di\'ision  \vith  the  5th  Bavarian  Division  con- 
stituted the  3d  Bavarian  Corps  and  was  part  of  the  6th  Ba^'arian  Army  (Crown  Prince 
Rupprecht  of  Bavaria).  One  of  its  brigades,  the  11th,  detrained,  beginning  August  4, 
at  Remilly  as  a  covering  force.  August  20  the  division  fought  on  the  right  of  the  5th 
Bavarian  Division  at  Prevecourt  and  Delme.  They  crossed  the  French  frontier  with 
this  di\'ision  on  the  22d  and  were  engaged  the  25th  at  Maixe  on  the  Sanon  and  north  of 
Luneville  during  the  first  days  of  September.  Also  with  the  5th  Bavarian  Division  it 
was  near  Champenoux  September  8,  at  the  time  of  the  attack  against  Nancy  until  the 
11th,  and  then  retreated. 

Cotes  de  Meuse.  • 

2.  Assembled  at  Metz  from  the  14th  to  the  17th,  the  di\'ision  went  on  the  18th  to  the 
west  of  the  Moselle.  It  reached  and  climbed  the  Cotes  de  IMeuse  the  21st  and  attacked 
the  fort  of  the  Camp  des  Remains  and  St.  Mihiel  the  27th. 

St.  Mihiel. 

3.  Following  these  attacks  which  continued  during  October  and  ended  in  the 
capture  of  the  fort  and  of  St.  Mihiel,  the  division  estaolished  itself  from  Chauvoncourt 
to  Spada  in  November  to  December. 

1915. 

St.  Mihiel. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  sector  of  the  St.  Mihiel  salient  (Chauvoncoirrt- 
Spada-Lamorville)  during  the  whole  of  1915  and  until  June,  1916. 

1916. 

Verdun. 

1.  About  June  20,  1916,  the  11th  Bavarian  Brigade  was  relieved  from  the  St.  Mihiel 
sector  and  sent  to  Longuyon  and  from  there  to  the  Verdun  front.  It  participated  in 
opposing  the  French  attack  of  June  23  (with  the  Alpine  Corps)  on  Thiaumont  and 
suffered  hea\'y  losses. 

2.  Sent  to  rest  July  4. 

3.  The  12th  Brigade  withdrew  from  the  St.  Mihiel  front  July  13  and  16  and  went 
into  line  before  Fleury,  beginning  July  17  to  18  (11th  Regiment).  Its  losses  were 
such  that  on  July  26  the  replacement  depot  of  the  11th  Infantry  at  Ratisbonne  waa 
ordered  by  telegraph  to  furnish  immediately  500  replacements  (letter). 

4.  On  August  2  and  3  the  whole  division  was  fighting  ia  this  sector  and  lost  heavily. 

SOMME. 

5.  The  division  left  the  Verdim  front  about  August  5.    After  a  short  stay  in  the 
Argonne  it  was  sent  to  the  Somme  at  the  beginning  of  September,  fought  between 
Flers  and  Gueudecourt  September  15  to  27  and  again  suffered  serious  losses. 
Artois. 

6.  On  August  1  the  division  took  over  the  sector  of  Neuve  Chapelle-Festubert, 
and  remained  there  until  May  10,  1917. 

1917. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January,  1917,  the  11th  Infantry  and  the  3d  Field  Artillery  were 
transferred  to  the  6th  Bavarian  Division  (new). 


136      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Artois. 

2.  The  dhosion  was  relieved  from  the  Neuve  Chapelle  sector  May  10  and  went  into 
line  northeast  of  Arras  (Oppy,  Fresnoy,  Acheville),  in  the  middle  of  May.  They 
suffered  some  loss  from  gas  attacks. 

Flanders. 

3.  The  division  left  Artois  September  10  and  went  to  Flanders  (sector  northeast  of 
Langemarck)  September  29.  The  British  attack  of  October  4  cau.sed  it  hea\^  losses 
and  it  lost  Poelcappelle  to  the  British. 

4.  Relieved  October  8,  sent  to  rest,  and  reorganized. 

Artois. 

5.  On  October  18  it  appeared  south  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal,  where  it  suffered  again 
from  gas  attacks. 

RECRUITING. 

Upper  Palatinate  and  part  of  Lower  Bavaria  (Third  Bavarian  district). 

« 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  morale  of  the  division  was  good.  On  the  Fresnoy  front  in  1917  it  showed  activity 
and  enterprise.  It  always  reacted  quickly  against  attacks,  but  it  seems  that  it  could 
easily  be  persuaded  to  adopt  a  more  passive  attitude  if  circumstances  were  such  as  to 
permit  it  (information  of  the  British,  February,  1918). 

1918. 

1.  The  6th  Bavarian  Division  was  relieved  south  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal  by  the  4th 
Ersatz  Division,  January  18,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  area  south  of  Toumai. 

Lille. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  February  it  relieved  the  187th  Di^dsion  south  of  the  Bois 
Grenier  (west  of  Lille).  About  the  24th  it  was  relieved  by  the  10th  Ersatz  Division, 
and  went  back  nearer  Lille,  where  it  probably  received  training  in  open  warfare, 
although  this  fact  has  never  been  definitely  established. 

Cambrai. 

3.  For  the  Somme  offensive,  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Cambrai  front,  entering 
the  line  March  20,  near  Bullecourt,  and  attacking  the  following  day.  Little  progress 
was  made  by  the  Germans  on  this  part  of  the  front,  and  the  division  lost  hea\'ily  in 
many  attacks.     It  was  withdrawn  about  March  26. 

DiXMUDE. 

4.  April  4  it  relieved  the  214th  Division  south  of  Dixmude.  A  very  elaborate 
attack  against  the  Belgians  was  planned  to  take  place  here  April  17,  and  it  was  to 
be  made  by  the  6th  Bavarian  Di\dsion  and  some  elements  of  adjoining  units.  It 
was  presumed  that  the  German  successes  at  Mount  Kernel  had  shaken  the  line  to  the 
north  and  that  the  whole  Ypres  salient  could  be  captured.  Preparations  were  made, 
and  the  attack  attempted,  but  it  failed  completely,  and  the  Belgians  not  only  threw 
the  enemy  back  but  took  a  great  many  piisoners.  It  was  withdrawn  about  the  19th 
and  went  to  rest  for  a  week  near  Ruddervoorde  (south  of  Bruges),  although  some  of 
its  elements  held  part  of  the  sector  of  the  1st  Landwehr  Division  east  of  Merckem  for 
a  day  or  two. 

Verdun. 

5.  The  division  was  sent  to  the  Verdun  region  via  Brussels-Namur-Sedan-Mont- 
medy,  and  went  into  camp  in  the  vicinity  of  Chauvency  (west  of  Moutmedy),  where 
it  remained  10  days. 

Meuse. 

6.  Maj'  24  it  relieved  the  22d  Division  near  Beaumont  (norlh  of  A'crdun). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      137 

ROYE. 

7.  It  was  relieved  about  August  7,  and  after  resting  a  few  daya  mo-ved  up  to  the 
Roye  region.  It  was  i<Ientified  in  the  Bois  des  IvOges  August  16;  it  had  relieved  the 
206th  Division.  The  division  remained  in  line  retiring  in  the  face  of  the  Allied 
advance,  but  fighting  stubbornly,  especially  near  Campagne,  Montigny,  and  Essigny 
le  Grand;  at  the  last-named  place  it  counterattacked  violently,  but  in  vain,  Sep- 
tember 29.     It  was  still  in  line  when  the  armistice  was  signed. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  ()th  Bavarian  is  rated  as  one  of  the  45  best  enemy  divisions.  It  suffered 
extremely  heavy  losses,  but  since  it  always  fought  well — though  not  brilliantly, 
during  1918 — the  German  High  Command  sent  it  as  many  replacements  as  it  could. 
The  morale  has  always  been  good,  but  quite  anti-Prussian. 


138     DivisiOiSrs  oi--  German  army  which  participated  in  war. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      139 

HISTORY. 

(16th  Bavarian  Reserve  Regiment:  First  Bavarian  District.     17th  Bavarian  Reserve 
Regiment:  Second  Bavarian  District.     20th  Bavarian  Reserve  Regiment:  (?).) 

1914. 
Flanders. 

1.  This  division  was  organized  in  Bavaria  in  September,  1914,  and  sent  to  Bel- 
gium about  October  21.  Assembled  in  the  vicinity  of  Lille  and  was  sent  toward 
Dadizeele  the  27th  and  was  near  Gheluvelt  October  29,  but  does  not  seem  to  have 
been  in  the  fight. 

2.  November  1  it  was  sent  south  of  Ypres  between  Ilollebeke  and  Mossine.«.  It 
attacked  in  the  direction  of  Wytschaete  November  2  and  suffered  heavy  losses:  11th 
Company,  4  officers  and  181  men  (lOth  Reserve  Regiment);  Gth  company  of  the  17th 
Reserv-e  Regiment,  5  officers  and  228  men  (casualty  lists).  November  6  the  3d  com- 
pany of  the  2l8t  Reserve  Regiment  was  reduced  to  3  provisional  officers  and  63  men 
(notebook). 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  Messines-Wytschaete  sector  imtil  the  beginning 
of  March,  1915. 

2.  Relieved  between  March  6  and  8  and  sent  the  11th  as  reinforcements  to  the 
7th  Corps  at  Neuve  Chapelle.  Then  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Roubaix  in  March. 
Lille. 

3.  Beginning  of  April  it  went  into  line  southwest  of  Lille  between  Grenier  Wood 
and  Aubers  and  held  this  sector  until  the  end  of  September,  1916. 

1916. 

1.  July  19,  1916,  the  division  suffered  heavy  losses  in  opposing  the  British  attack 
southeast  of  Laventie. 

SOMME. 

2.  Relieved  from  the  Lille  front  about  September  27  and  engaged  in  the  Somme 
district  near  Eaucourt  I'Abbaye  and  Gueudecourt  until  October  13.  Again  suffered 
heavily. 

Artois. 

3.  October  25  it  took  over  the  Vimy-Lieviu  sector,  south  of  Lens. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  held  the  front  south  of  Lens  during  all  the  winter  of  1916  to 
1917  and  executed  many  raids. 

2.  February  12  sent  to  rest  near  Douai  and  reorganized  in  February  and  March. 
One  of  its  regiments,  the  21st  Reserv'e,  was  transferred  to  the  16th  Bavarian  Division, 
newly  organized. 

3.  March  14  it  went  into  line  north  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal. 

4.  Withdrawn  from  this  sector  at  the  end  of  April  and  was  engaged  May  8  north- 
east of  Arras,  at  Oppy  Gavrelle,  until  May  11.  In  the  middle  of  June  it  returned  to 
this  sector  for  a  few  days  and  does  not  seem  to  have  suffered  hea^y  losses. 

Ypres. 

5.  After  a  rest  near  Douai  until  the  end  of  June  the  division  was  sent  to  Flanders. 
Wag  first  placed  in  reserv^e  south  of  Thielt  during  the  first  few  weeks  of  July  and 
engaged  the  18th  southeast  of  Ypres  in  the  Ledegliem  sector.  Lost  heavily  from  the 
artillery  preparation  and  was  relieved  July  30  before  the  British  attack. 


140      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

Alsace. 

6.  Sent  to  Alsace  and  held  the  Altkirch  sector  from  the  middle  of  August  to  begin- 
ning of  October. 

Laokxois. 

7.  About  October  16  to  17  it  was  sent  to  the  region  of  Lizy,  southwest  of  Laon. 
It  relieved  on  the  Ailette,  east  of  Anizy  le  Chateau,  about  October  25,  the  remains  of 
the  14th  and  52d  Divisions,  decimated  by  the  French  attack  of  the  23d. 

8.  The  di\'ision  was  not  heavily  engaged  in  the  sector  of  Lizy.  It  continued  to 
liold  it  in  November  and  December  1917  and  January  1918.  During  this  period  it 
was  sent  to  Vervins  for  rest  and  training. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  organized  as  an  attack  unit.  From  Januars'  24  to  February  19, 
1918,  it  went  through  a  training  for  the  offensive  in  the  vicinity  of  Vervins  including 
breaking-through  maneuvers,  Feb.  1  with  a  Prussian  di\dsion  at  Vallee  aux  Bleds; 
another  divisional  maneuver  February  11  before  the  German  Crown  Prince  and  Gen, 
Ludendorff;  third  divisional  maneuver  February  18  (examination  of  prisoners,  Feb. 
28, 1918).  It  is  to  be  noted  that  in  Flanders,  where  the  division  had  the  only  important 
fight  it  had  in  1917  it  suffered  heavily.  Its  morale  was  so  weakened  that  it  had  to  be 
withdrawn  before  the  British  attack. 

1918. 
Vervins. 

1.  The  6th  Bavarian  Reserve  Di^-ision  was  relieved  in  the  Anizy  le  Chateau  region 
by  the  6th  Division,  January  24  and  went  to  the  \acinity  of  Vervnns  where  it  was  put 
through  a  course  of  training  in  open  warfare,  in  which  artillery  and  aeroplanes  par- 
ticipated.    These  exercises  were  supervised  by  the  CrowTi  Prince  and  Ludendorff. 

2.  February  22  it  relieved  the  6th  Division  in  its  former  section.  About  the  end  of 
the  month  the  di\'ision  was  relieved  by  elements  of  the  13th  Landwehr  Division,  and 
by  the  extension  of  the  flanks  of  the  neighboring  divisions,  going  to  rest  in  the  Chaiiny 
region. 

SOMME. 

3.  Toward  the  middle  of  April  the  division  relieved  the  206th  Division  near  Mesnil 
St.  Georges  (southwest  of  Montdidier).  It  was  relieved  by  the  25th  Reserve  Di\asion 
April  21. 

Ailette. 

4.  There  is  some  doubt  as  to  where  the  division  went;  it  was  reported  northeast  of 
Ghent,  northeast  of  Laon,  and  in  Lorraine.  There  is  some  evidence  to  show  that  it 
relieved  the  222d  Division  near  Anizy  le  Ch^eau  during  the  night  of  May  2-3.  This 
front  was  very  quiet  until  the  German  offensive  of  May  27,  in  which  attack  the  6th 
Bavarian  Reserve  Di\asion  did  not  attack  in  the  front  line — being  "leap-frogged" 
by  the  5th  and  6th  Di\asions  acting  as  shock  units — but  followed  up  the  advance 
coming  into  line  between  these  two  divi.sions  during  the  night  of  the  27th-28th.  It 
was  at  this  time  definitely  identified.  In  the  attack  on  Terny  (May  28),  the  division 
met  with  strong  resistance  and  suffered  hea\aly.  June  1  it  captured  Le  Port,  but  lost 
it  again  to  the  French  on  June  7,  with  severe  losses.  It  was  relieved  about  the  15th  by 
the  53d  Reserve  Di\-ision. 

Marne. 

5.  July  17  it  was  identified  near  Passy  sur  Marne  (west  of  Dormans).  It  waa  with- 
drawn August  6  and  spent  a  fortnight  refitting. 

Bapaume. 

6.  August  23  it  reinforced  tiie  front  near  Er\'illers  (northwest  of  Bapaume)  haA-ing 
traveled  via  Cambrai,  Bourlon,  and  Beugnatre.  The  division  was  withdrawn  early  in 
September. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      141 

Ypres. 

7.  It  relieved  the  8th  Division  southwest  of  Messines  during  the  night  of  September 
17-18.  Just  before  coming  into  line  the  17th  Bavarian  Reserv^e  Infantry  Regiment  was 
dissolved  and  its  men  drafted  to  the  other  two  regiments  of  the  division.  It  was 
replaced  by  the  25th  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  14th  Bavarian  Di^^sion 
which  was  dissolved  at  this  time.  Likewise,  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserve  Field  Artillery 
Regiment  was  dissolved  and  replaced  by  the  19th  Bavarian  Field  Artillery  Regiment 
from  the  10th  Bavarian  Di\'ision  disbanded  in  July.  The  division  remained  in  line 
until  the  armistice  was  signed,  withdrawing  through  Wytschaete-Houthem-Comines 
Marcke-Ooteghem  and  Krinstraat. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  6th  Bavarian  Reserve  is  rated  as  a  second-class  division,  which  seems  justified 
not  only  from  opinions  concerning  its  ability  as  a  fighting  unit  coming  from  Allied 
sources,  but  also  from  the  fact  that,  although  it  had  a  course  of  training  in  "breaking 
tbrough"  in  February,  it  was  never  so  used  by  the  German  High  Command,  serving 
rather  asa  "follow  up  "  division.  (Cf.  May  27  offensive.)  The  division  suffered  heavy 
losses  during  its  1918  engagements;  indeed,  some  prisoners  captured  the  middle  of 
September  said  that  it  was  to  be  broken  up.  They  were  mistaken,  but  one  of  the 
infantry  regiments  and  the  artillery  regiment  were  disbanded. 


142      DIVISIONS  OF  OEKMAN  ARMY  WiilCll  r.UlTlCIPATED  IN  WAK. 


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DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     143 

HISTORY. 

(First  Bavarian  District.) 

1914. 
Alsace. 

1.  The  division  was  sent  into  the  Vosges  at  the  befp.nnin<j  of  the  campaign  (3  bri- 
gades, of  wliich  one  was  from  Wurtemberg).  It  fought  in  the  valley  of  the  Fecht  in 
August,  1914.  Beginning  with  October  it  occupied  the  region  Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines- 
Col  du  Bonhomme.  October  2  the  1st  Bavarian  Brigade  entrained  at  Oolmar  for 
Belgium  and  garrisoned  Antwerp  until  December. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  November  the  3d  Bavarian  Landwehr  Division  took  part  in 
the  attacks  on  the  Violu. 

1915. 

1.  From  February  to  April,  1915,  the  units  which  at  that  time  made  up  this  divi- 
sion were  again  separated.  The  1st  Bavarian  Landwelir  (mixed)  Brigade  came  back 
from  Belgium  in  the  middle  of  December  and  went  to  Champagne  (Souain-Somrae-Py) 
to  reinforce  the  15th  Division;  the  2d  Mixed  Brigade  continued  to  hold  the  Orbey  la 
Poutroye  sector  south  of  Bonhomme  (valley  of  the  Weiss).  The  Wurtemberg  Brigade 
(von  Freeh)  was  transferred  in  April  to  the  7th  Landwehr  Di\dsion  (Wurtemberg) 
in  upper  Alsace. 

2.  In  April,  1915,  the  remaining  two  brigades  were  assembled  on  the  Vosges  front 
(Orbey,  Valley  of  the  Weiss)  and  from  that  time  on  held  this  sector  without  much 
change. 

3.  In  July  some  units  of  the  division  fought  in  the  region  of  the  Linge. 

1916. 

1.  Vosges  sector  (valley  of  the  Weiss,  Col  du  Bonhomme).  At  the  end  of  Decem- 
ber, 1916,  the  2d  Bavarian  Landwelir  was  transferred  to  the  2d  Bavarian  Landwelir 
Division  (new). 

1917. 

1.  In  1917  the  division  extended  its  sector  from  the  region  of  Col  du  Bonhomme 
to  the  valley  of  the  Fecht  (Munster). 

VALUE 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  in  line  in  the  region  of  Orbey  (south  of  Col  du  Bonhomme)  from 
1915  on.  It  is  a  mediocre  di\ision  made  up  of  elderly  men.  The  companies  have  no 
shock  troops.  All  the  important  operations  are  executed  by  the  assault  company  of 
the  division. 

1918. 
Alsace. 

1.  The  6th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Di^^ision  occupied  the  sector  extending  from  south 
of  Le  Bonhomme  to  just  west  of  Muenster,  all  through  the  year,  being  still  in  line 
when  the  armistice  was  signed. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  di-\-ision  is  a  fourth-class  one,  being  used  only  to  hold  one  of  the  calmest  sectors 
on  the  western  front.  All  the  young  men  were  taken  away  from  the  division  (except 
those  in  machine-gun  and  assault  companies)  and  exchanged  for  older  ones.  In 
October  the  father  of  six  children  was  captured.  Morale  was  low,  discipline  poor. 
Several  prisoners  stated  that  the  men  did  not  hesitate  to  saj',  even  in  front  of  their 
officers,  that  the  war  had  been  lost  by  Germany  and  that  they  were  thoroughly  sick 
of  it. 


144      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


Gtb.  Cavalry  Division  (Dismounted.). 

COMPOSITION. 


1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

5Cav 

2  Drag. 

3  I'hlan. 

7  Cuirassier. 
7  Res.  Drag. 
13  Hus. 
13  Horse  Jag. 
2  Cuirassier. 
9  Ihlan. 
12  Hus. 

45  Cav 

3  Cav 

133  Art.  eoTTiTnand. 

21  Pion.  BtB. 
319  T.  M.  Co. 
671  Wireless  Detch. 

25fi  Ambulance  Co. 
106  Field  Hospital. 
261  Vet.  Hospital. 

Attached...         .             

70  Ldw.  Inf.  Brig. 

HISTORY. 

1918. 
Alsace. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Badonviller  sector  until  the  last  of  April,  when  it  was 
relieved  by  the  21st  Landwehr  Division.  It  rested  at  Mulhausen  until  July.  At 
this  time  it  was  reorganized  as  a  division  of  nine  dismounted  cavalry  regiments. 

Ypres. 

2.  On  July  1  it  entrained  at  Sierenz  and  tra^-eled  via  Saarburg-Eupen-Liege-Brus- 
sels-Courtrai  to  Ingelmunster,  where  it  detrained  on  July  3.  The  division  then  went 
into  rest  billets  in  the  Iseghem-Winkel  St.  Eloi  and  Lendelede  area,  and  on  the  night 
of  July  27-28  it  relieved  the  1st  Landwehr  Division  east  of  Ypres. 

Cambrai. 

3.  It  was  relieved  in  Flanders  and  railed  \ia.  Cambrai  to  Fins,  where  it  detrained 
August  31.  On  September  4  it  was  in  line  at  Manancourt  and  Xurlun.  It  Avas  en- 
gaged in  heavy  fighting  until  September  25,  when  it  was  withdra^vn  from  the  battle 
front  southwest  of  Cambrai  after  losing  400  prisoners. 

Belgium. 

4.  It  reinforced  the  Ypres  battle  front  at  Ledeghem  on  October  1  and  fought  there 
for  about  one  week.  It  rested  out  of  line  a  week  and  returned  on  October  15  to  line 
east  of  Gulleghem.     Two  weeks  later  it  was  withdraAvn  in  the  Waereghem  area. 

5.  On  November  3  the  diAision  was  again  in  line  at  Ilermelgem.  It  was  withdra\\Ti 
M-ithin  a  few  days  and  on  the  day  of  the  armistice  it  was  considered  to  be  in  reserv-e 
of  the  4th  German  Army. 

VALUK — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class.  Its  use  in  the  actiAe  Ypres  and  Cambrai 
fronts  indicates  that  it  should  have  been  rated  higher  after  its  reorganization  in  the 
summer. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      145 


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146      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Fourth  District — Prussian  .Saxony.) 

1914. 

The  Seventh  Division  was  recruited  in  the  Prcn-ince  of  Prussian  Saxony  and,  -with 
the  8th  Division,  belonged  to  the  Ith  Army  Corj  s  (Magdelnirg). 
Marne. 

1.  The  14th  Brigade,  which  had  already  obtained  reser\-ists  July  30,  entrained  on 
the  evening  of  August  2  and  was  one  of  the  six  Inigades  ordered  to  take  liege.  The 
whole  division  moved  into  the  region  of  Liege  August  15.  It  belonged  to  the  1st 
Army  (Von  Kluck),  and  passed  through  Louvain  August  18  and  through  Brussels  the 
20th.  On  the  23d  it  was  on  the  Haine,  west  of  St.  Ghislain.  On  the  2-lth  between 
Quie\Tain  and  Audregnies  it  threatened  to  envelop  the  Allied  left.  Going  through 
Le  Cateau  and  Peronne  on  August  28,  the  division  passed  through  Grand  Morin  and 
arrived  at  Choisy,  southeast  of  Coulommiers,  from  where  it  was  sent  in  all  haste  to 
the  aid  «f  the  right  Aving  of  the  1st  Army  (Eta\dgny,  etc.). 

Belgium. 

2.  After  the  retreat  it  went  to  the  north  of  the  Aisne  below  Soissous  until  the  last 
days  of  September  (lights  at  Cuisy  en  Almont,  ^lorsain,  XouATon,  Fontenoy). 

3.  At  the  end  of  September  it  was  attached  to  the  Gth  Army  (Crown  Prince  of 
Bavaria)  and  sent  to  Artois. 

Artois. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  fought  south  of  Arras  (^lonchy  aux  Bois,  Ransart, 
Wailly).     It  established  itself  south  of  the  Scarpe. 

5.  It  held  the  sector  until  the  end  of  May,  1915.  During  this  period  it  limited 
itself  to  organizing  defensively. 

1915. 

1.  In  March  the  division  was  reduced  to  three  regiments  by  the  transfer  of  the  66th 
Infantry  to  the  52d  Division  (new). 

2.  In  May,  1915,  at  the  time  of  the  French  offensive  in  Artois  some  iniits  of  the 
diAnsion  were  sent  as  reinforcements  to  the  region  of  Xeuville-St.  Vaast.  It  left  some 
prisoners  and  suffered  heavy  losses  on  May  12  to  13. 

Artois. 

3.  June  12  the  division  left  the  sector  south  of  the  Scarpe  and  went  into  line  the 
13th  between  Lorette  and  Angres  (from  the  Souchez-Aix  Koulotte  Road  to  the  Blanc 
work).  The  French  offensive  struck  it  June  13  and  the  days  following  north  of  the 
road  from  Souchez  to  Aix  Noulette.  It  M'as  forced  to  give  gi-ound  and  lost  many 
prisoners  (250  men,  among  them  6  officers  from  the  2Gth  Infantry  north  of  Bois  Carre; 
the  2d  Battalion  of  the  26th  Infantry  lost  12  officers  and  597  men  out  of  action,  accord- 
ing to  the  Prussian  casualty  lists). 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  July  the  division  established  itself  south  of  the  railroad  from 
Grenay  to  Lens,  north  of  Souchez.  September  25  it  fought  in  the  third  battle  of 
Artois,  north  of  Bois  en  Hache,  before  Angres  and  Lievin.  It  showed  considerable 
energy,  but  again  had  many  of  its  men  captured. 

5.  The  division  remained  in  this  sector  southwest  of  Loos  (south  of  the  Lens- 
Bethune  Road;  Lens-Grenay  Railroad)  until  July,  1916. 

1916. 

1.  Until  the  ])eginning  of  July,  1916,  the  division  had  no  serious  battles. 

2.  About  July  3  the  division  was  relieved  from  the  Loos  front.  On  the  ISt";  it 
Wad  at  Cambrai. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      147 

SOMME. 

3.  July  14  and  15  it  began  to  be  engaged  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme  betvceen  Pozieres 
and  Bazentin  le  Petit.     It  suffered  terrible  losses.     Relieved  May  28. 

Artois. 

4.  After  a  rest  in  the  region  of  Valenciennes  it  went  into  line  east  of  Arras  August  9 
and  stayed  there  until  September  17.  At  thia  time  it  transferred  its  27th  Infantry  to 
the  211  til  Division  and  took  in  exchange  the  393d  Infantrj^,  composed  of  le^^es  from 
the  regiments  of  the  7th,  8th,  and  12th  DiAdsions,  50th  Reserve  Division  and  38th 
Landwehr  Brigade. 

Somme. 

5.  About  September  18  it  again  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme  in  the  sector  of 
Courcelette.     It  fought  bravely  and  again  suffered  heavily. 

Artois. 

6.  Withdrawn  from  the  Somme  about  October  2  and  went  into  the  sector  southeast 
of  Loos  October  5.  Again  withdrawn  from  this  sector  November  10  it  went  almost 
immediately  into  the  line  south  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal  and  stayed  there  until  May  28, 
1917. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1.  During  the  winter  of  1916-17  tlie  division  had  no  big  battles,  but  suffered  from 
raids  executed  by  the  Britisli  troops. 

Flanders. 

2.  Jlay  28  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  La  Bassee  front  and  sent  to  the  region  of 
Ypres  (sector  of  Hollebeke-Wytschaete)  June  8  to  19. 

Alsace. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  July  it  was  sent  to  Alsace  to  the  vicinity  of  Mulhouse  where 
it  rested. 

4.  July  27  to  28  it  entrained  again  for  Artois  via  Mulhouse-Strassljourg-Sarregue- 
mines-Metz-Thionville-Sedan-nirson-Valenciennes-St.  Amand. 

Artois. 

5.  After  a  few  days'  rest  in  the  region  of  St.  Amand  and  Orchies  July  2S  to  August  3, 
it  went  into  the  lines  north  of  Lens  (Loos  sector)  where  it  lost  heaAdly  from  August  9 
to  the  beginning  of  September. 

Belgium. 

6.  Relieved  then  and  sent  to  rest  at  Pont  a  ^larcq,  it  went  back  into  the  line 
between  the  La  Bassee  Canal  and  Hulluch  September  21.  Withdrawn  from  this 
sector  during  October  and  sent  to  the  region  of  Ypres  where  it  held  a  front  on  October 
29  between  Becelaere  and  Gheluvelt.     It  was  still  identified  there  January  29,  1918. 

recruitixc. 

Province  of  ^Magdeburg  (Prussian  Saxony)  and  part  of  Thuringia.  The  393d 
Infantry  gets  replacements  from  the  depot  of  the  153d  Infantry  (Altenburg).  Its 
resources  from  these  replacements  are  as  a  rule  sufficient  and  the  Fourth  District  has 
even  furnished  recruits  to  the  regiments  of  the  Fourteenth.  In  exchange  when  it  has 
relatively  few  replacements  it  has  been  helped  out  by  Polish  drafts  from  Silesia 
(Sixth  District). 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  on  February  4  and  rested  in  the  Eecloo  area,  partici- 
pating in  a  large-scale  maneuver. 

2.  It  returned  to  line  in  the;  Becelaere  sector  on  March  3,  relieving  the  8th  Bava- 
rian Reserve  Division.     It  was  withdrawn  March  26, 


148      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

3.  It  fought  near  Ilollebeke,  Messines,  Wytschaete,  between  April  9  and  May  1. 
It  took  part  in  the  attack  on  the  Ypres-Comines  Canal  on  April  25. 

4.  During  May  it  waa  at  rest  in  Belgium  near  Deyuze  (Cruyhautern).  It  entrained 
for  Nesle  about  June  8,  moving  through  Audenarde,  Coutrai,  Lille,  Douai,  Cambrai, 
and  Ham.  It  marched  to  the  front,  southeast  of  Montdidier  by  Roye  and  Tilloloy 
June  9-11. 

5.  It  was  in  line  near  Ressons-Marqueglise  from  June  14  to  24. 

6.  The  division  rested  south  of  St.  Quentin  June  26  to  29,  then  at  Origny  June  30 
to  Jiily  4.     It  entrained  at  Origny  on  July  4  and  moved  to  Sedan  by  Guise,  Ilirson, 
Liart,  and  Charleville.     It  was  nnrth  of  Grandpre  from  July  5  to  10.     On  the  10th 
it  was  sent  toward  the  Champagne  front  by  Grandpre,  ^Monthois,  and  Maure. 
Battle  op  Rheims. 

7.  The  di\dsion  was  engaged  at  Repon,  east  of  Tahure,  on  July  15.  Heavy  losses 
were  incurred  during  the  attack  of  July  15.     It  was  taken  out  on  August  15. 

AlLETTE. 

8.  It  was  moved  by  railrnad  to  Chauny  (by  Laon)  and  detrained  about  August  20. 
About  this  time  a  dozen  men  per  company  were  received. 

9.  On  August  26-27  it  entered  line  south  of  Ju\4gny  (north  of  Soissons).  In  the 
fighting  that  followed  the  division  was  withdrawn  to  Leuilly  on  the  night  of  August 
31-Sept  1.  It  was  relieved  on  the  3d  after  losing  605  prisoners.  The  German  com- 
munique of  August  30  credited  the  165th  Regiment  with  the  destruction  of  20  tanks 
in  one  attack. 

Battle  of  the  Argonxe. 

10.  The  di\'ision  rested  near  Attigny  until  September  24,  when  it  reinforced  the 
Somme-Py  front.  It  Was  engaged  until  October  22  with  very  heavy  losses.  It 
returned  from  the  second  line  two  days  later  to  assist  in  covering  tlie  retreat  between 
La  Neuville  en  Tourne  a  Fuy  and  Juniville.  From  there  it  fell  back  on  the  Aisne 
(Ambly)  and  was  retired  on  October  14. 

VALUE 19L8    estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      149 


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150      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 

HISTORY. 

(Fourth  District — Prussian  Saxony.) 
1914. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  ^var  the  7th  Reserve  Divi'?ion  Avas  part  of  the 4th Reserve 
Corps. 

Belgium. 

2.  It  detrained  August  10  to  12,  1914,  near  Dusseldorf,  and  was  part  of  the  1st  Army 
(Von  Kluck).  Reached  r>russols  ^  ia  Tongres  (Aug.  1!))  and  Louvain,  and  advanced 
toward  Paris  through  Enghien,  Ath,  Conde,  Amiens  (Aug.  30-31),  Clermont,  Creil,  and 
Senlis  (Sept.  4). 

Marne. 

3.  At  the  battle  of  the  IMarne  it  was  engaged  northwest  of  Crouy  sur  Ourcq  (Puisieux, 
Neufmoutiers,  Monthyon)  and  suffered  heavy  losses,  Septemlier  (5  and  7. 

4.  From  September  8  to  11  it  withdrew  through  Villers  Cotterets,  Coeu^Tes,  Port 
Fontenoy.     It  fought  for  a  long  time  in  the  region  of  Nou\Ton. 

AlSNE. 

5.  After  the  front  was  stabilized  it  held  the  lines  between  the  Soissons-Laon  Road  to 
southwest  of  Nouvron. 

6.  November  12  it  had  considerable  losses  at  the  attack  of  the  Plateau  of  Nou^Ton. 

1915. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Nou\Ton  sector  until  September,  1915. 

2.  In  January,  1915,  some  of  the  units  of  the  division  were  engaged  in  the  fights 
around  Soissons,  January  12  and  13. 

3.  In  June  several  battalions  were  sent  toward  Quennevieres  as  reinforcements  at 
the  beginning  of  the  French  attack. 

Champagne. 

4.  Relieved  aljout  Sept.eml)er  22  to  25,  the  division  was  sent  to  Champagne  at  the 
beginning  of  October.     Suffered  heavy  losses  in  the  region  of  Tahure  October  30. 

1916. 

1.  Withdrawn  at  the  end  of  .January,  1910,  from  the  sector  of  Tahure.  It  was  sent  to 
rest  north  of  Rethel.  It  went  back  into  line  only  for  a  short  time  toward  the  end  of 
February  north  of  Prosnes  (the  36th  Reserve  Regiment  alone  appeared  in  this  sector). 

2.  About  May  10  the  division  was  sent  to  the  camp  of  Sissonne. 
Verdun. 

3.  It  was  sent  to  the  ^'ordun  front  and  took  ]iart  in  the  attack  of  June  1  on  Thiau- 
mont-Damj)loui)in  the  sector  of  I'ois  de  la  Caillette.  Suffered  very  heavy  losses  June 
2  and  3  and  at  the  attack  of  I^ois  de  \'aux  Chapitre  on  June  21.  Total  of  losses  before 
Verdun,  8,200  men.  On  June  16  the  com])anies  of  the  36th  Reserve  W(>ro  reduced  to 
an  average  of  30  men  (prisoners'  statements).  From  June  1  to  5  the  10th  Company  of 
the  72d  Reserves  received  no  less  than  138  replacements. 

Argonne. 

4.  The  division  was  wthdrawn  from  the  Verdun  front  about  July  1.     Sent  to  the 
Argonne  and  occupied  the  sector  north  of  Ville  sur  Tourbe  (l)etween  Main  de  Massiges 
and  the  Aisne)  until  the  end  of  Augtist.     It  was  reorganized  in  this  region. 
SoMME. 

5.  After  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Longwy  it  was  sent  to  the  Somme  and  fought  in 
the  region  of  Gueudecourt  September  23  to  October  11. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      151 

Argonne. 

6.  About  October  14  the  di\'ision  took  over  ita  old  sector  north  of  Villa  sur  Tourbe, 
south  of  Cernay  en  Dorraois. 

1917. 

Meuse. 

1.  Withdrawn  from  the  Argonne  front  al)out  January  8,  1917,  and  sent,  February  5, 
before  Verdun  (region  of  I.ouveraont,  north  of  Chambrettes) ,  where  it  was  kept  until 
the  beginning  of  April. 

2.  The  division  next  hold  the  sector  of  Cernay  les  Reims  at  the  end  of  April  to 
]May  25. 

Champagne. 

3.  About  May  30  and  31  it  was  sent  into  line  before  Teton  (region  of  Moronvilliers) 
until  the  middle  of  August. 

4.  After  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Aussonce  the  di\dsion  went  into  line  at  the  begin- 
ning of  September  in  the  region  of  Nauroy,  sector  of  ^lont  Haut-Coruillet.  Relieved 
Januar}%  1918,  and  sent  to  rest  noi'th  of  Rethel. 

RECRUITING. 

Prussian  Saxony  and  part  of  Thuringia. 

VALUE — 1917   estimate. 

At  Tahure  in  October,  1915,  and  at  Verdun  the  division  obtained  only  mediocre 
results  in  synte  of  hea\'y  losses.  "This  di\dsion  seems  to  be  rather  a  sector  division 
than  a  shock  unit." 

1918. 

Rethel. 

1.  On  Januaiy  14  the  division  was  relieved  by  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  and 
went  to  Wa.ssigny  (north  of  Rethel)  to  rest  and  train.  On  March  1  i  it  started  by  night 
marches  toward  St.  Quentin,  bivouacking  in  the  woods  by  day  and  avoiding  all 
villages.  The  itinerary  followed  was  Dezy  le  Gros-Bucy  les  Pierrepont-^Iarle- 
Origny  et  Mesnil-St.  Laurent,  where  it  arrived  March  21. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  From  the  22d  to  the  28th  the  division  was  in  army  reserve.  It  followed  the 
general  advance  through  Itancourt,  Essigny,  Grand  Serancourt,  St.  Simon,  Golan- 
court,  Muirancourt,  and  Candor.  On  March  29  it  relieved  the  1st  Bavarian  Division 
west  of  Lassigny,  where  it  attacked  on  the  day  following.  It  suffered  such  heavy 
losses  that  it  was  hastily  relieved  on  the  night  of  l\Iarch  31-April  1. 

AlSNE. 

3.  It  came  into  line  near  Reims  on  April  26  relieving  the  25th  Reserve  Division 
between  the  ]\Iiettl  and  the  Aisne.     It  took  part  in  the  offensive  of  May  27.     About 
June  1  the  division  was  relieved  in  the  sector  east  of  Ville  en  Tardenois. 
Champagne. 

4.  The  division  moved  to  Champagne  and  relieved  the  Guard  Cavalry  Division  on 
July  6.  It  passed  into  the  second  line  on  July  14  to  permit  a  fresh  division  to  pass 
through  for  the  attack.  It  returned  to  line  on  the  20th,  relieving  the  1st  Division 
near  St.  Hilaire.  During  July  the  66th  Reserve  Regiment  is  known  to  have  received 
drafts,  raising  the  company  strength  to  100. 

SOISSONS. 

5.  Between  August  4  and  20  the  exact  date  is  not  known,  the  division  was  moved 
from  line  in  Champagne  to  the  front  west  of  Chavigny,  where  it  was  engaged  on  August 
24.    It  took  part  in  heavy  fighting  in  that  region  until  its  relief  about  August  31. 


152      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

6.  The  division  arrived  at  Fourmies  from  Laoii  on  Septemljer  8,  where  it  rested 
and  trained  until  September  17.     It  entrained  at  Trelon  and  moved  to  Grandpre, 
from  where  it  marched  to  the  front  by  way  of  St.  Juvin  and  Brieulles. 
Meuse-Argonne. 

7.  The  di\dsion  was  in  line  on  the  day  of  the  American  attack  Septemlier  26,  holding 
the  sector  immediately  west  of  the  Meuse.  It  was  swamped  on  the  opening  attack 
without  offering  any  considerable  resistance.  It  was  withdrawn  on  the  28th,  but  on 
October  9  elements  were  returned  to  fill  a  gap  in  the  former  sector  of  the  1st  A.  H. 
di\-ision.  The  last  elements  were  finally  -snthdrawn  about  October  25.  The  losses 
of  the  division  in  the  Argonne  are  estimated  at  3,500,  including  2,260  prisoners. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  Its  efforts  in  1918  were  generally 
unsuccessful  in  spite  of  heavy  losses.  By  the  time  of  the  armistice  it  had  been  almost 
annihilated. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      153 


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154      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Thirteenth  District — ^Wurtemberg.) 

1914. 
Alsace. 

1.  The  7th  Landwehr  Di-\-ision  (lid  not  leave  Alsace  from  its  organization  in  1915 
until  February,  1917.  Its  first  units  appeared  there  beginning  August  9,  1914,  the 
date  of  the  detraining  of  the  121st  Landwehr  at  Neuf  Brisach.  The  119th  Landwehr 
fought  Bouth  of  Mulhouse  beginning  August  19,  and  the  40th  Landwehr  at  Domach 
near  ^fulhouse  on  the  same  day. 

2.  In  October,  1917,  the  52d  and  55th  Brigades,  which  were  to  compose  in  1915 
the  7th  Landwehr  Di^ision,  were  part  of  the  Gaede  Army  Group  and  occupied  the 
region  of  Munster,  Guebwiller,  Cemay. 

3.  In  December  the  123d  Landwehr  took  part  in  the  attacks  on  Hartmannswiller- 

kopf. 

1915. 
Alsace. 

1.  In  March,  1915,  the  52d  Brigade  was  in  line  in  the  valleys  of  the  Fecht  and  the 
Lauch.  The  119th  Landwehr  was  south  of  Cernay.  In  April  the  40th  Landwehr 
(Baden)  left  the  di\ision  and  was  transferred  for  some  time  to  the  6th  Landwehr 
Di^•ision  (Bavarian). 

2.  The  7th  Landwehr  Division  then  contained  the  119th,  121st  and  123d  Landwehr, 
to  which  a  fourth  regiment  was  joined,  the  126th  Landwehr,  formed  by  drafts  from 
the  three  others.  The  division,  from  then  on  exclusively  Wurtemberger,  from  that 
time  held  the  sector  Wattwiller-Rhone-Rliine  Canal  (Cemay-Altkirch). 

1916. 
Alsace. 

1.  Cemay-Altkirch  sector. 

1917. 
Alsace-Lorraine. 

1.  The  division  remained  on  the  Mulhouse  front  (Cemay-Altkirch)  until  February 
20,  1917.  Relieved  on  that  date  and  sent  to  Lorraine  (Leintrey-Badon\iller  sector"), 
where  it  replaced  the  33d  Reserve  Di^dsion.  It  was  at  this  time  that  the  diAision 
was  decreased  to  three  regiments;  its  119th  Landwehr  and  123d  Landwehr  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  26th  Landwehr  DiAision  and  it  obtained  the  122d  Reserves  from  the 
54th  Reserve  Division. 

Russia-Volhynla. 

2.  The  division  left  the  Lorraine  front  in  the  middle  of  May.  Entrained  beginning 
!May  14  at  Sarrebourg  and  sent  to  the  Eastern  Front  via  Numberg  •^^'al•saw-Lublin- 
Kovel-Vladimir  Vol>Tiski.     It  took  over  the  Kisselin  sector  (Volh^aiia). 

RECRUITING. 

From  April,  1915  on,  the  division  was  entirelj^  composed  from  men  from  Wurtem- 
berg. 

VALtTE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

A  mediocre  division,  much  reduced  by  transferring  its  most  energetic  units  to 
active  regiments  and  Wurtemberg  reserse  regiments  and  receiving  in  exchange  older 
men. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  In  February',  1918,  the  7th  Landwehr  Division  left  the  Ki.'^.sclin  region  and 
advanced  into  the  Ukraine.  "We  arc  going  into  Russia  to  succor  the  Ulcrainians," 
wrote  a  man  of  the  122d  Reserve  Regiment  from  the  Rovno  region  on  Fcbruan.'  26. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      155 

On  April  1,  the  ]2Gth  Landwehr  Regiment  was  identified  between  Kiev  and  Odessa; 
along  -n-ith  the  122d  Reserve  Regiment  it  was  identified  near  Odessa  on  the  9th. 

2.  On  May  11  the  division  was  identified  south  of  Ekaterinoslav  and  on  the  4th  of 
July  at  Rostov  on  the  Don. 

3.  The  division  was  reported  to  have  been  sent  to  the  Danube  front  aliout  tJie  middle 
of  October,  but  it  was  never  actually  identified  there. 

VALUE 191S    KSTIMATE. 

The  di\dsion  was  rated  as  ff)urth  class. 


156      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

7th  Cavalry  Division  (Dismounted). 

COMPOSITION. 


1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

28  Cav. 
30  Cav. 
41  Cav 

U  Uhlan. 

15  Uhlan. 

4  Res.  Uhlan. 
9  IIus. 

15  Drag. 

25  Drag. 

26  Drag. 

5  Cuirassier. 
4  Uhlan. 

19  Pion.  Btn 
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Attached 

0  F.  A.  Ret. 

(10  and  11  Btries.). 

HISTORY. 
1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Guebwiller  (Alsace)  sector  until  the  end  of  May.  It 
rested  in  the  Saarebourg  area  until  mid-July,  when  it  was  railed  to  Belgium  (Courtrai 
area). 

2.  After  resting  near  Covu-trai  for  two  weeks,  the  di"\-ision  entrained  at  Lauwe  on 
August  13  for  Armentieres,  where  it  remained  imtil  August  23.  It  went  into  line  in 
the  Kenimel  area  for  three  days.  The  di\dsion  was  then  railed  back  to  Tom'coing, 
from  where  it  was  transferred  by  trucks  to  Lagnicoiu't  on  August  2G  and  came  into 
line  on  the  following  day  at  Ecoust. 

Arras-Ca3ibrai. 

3.  In  two  weeks  the  division  was  heavily  engaged  in  the  Arras  battle.  It  waa  re- 
lieved on  September  9,  after  losing  more  than  700  prisoners.  The  division  rested  in 
the  Caml)rai  area  until  September  22,  when  it  relieved  the  1st  Guard  Reser\-e  Di^-i- 
sion  north  of  MoeiuTes.     It  was  withdrawn  on  September  30. 

Belgium. 

4.  The  division  entrained  at  Solesmes  on  October  5  and  detrained  at  Mouscron. 
It  remained  here  until  October  14.  when  it  moved  to  Deerlyck,  and  on  the  17th 
elements  counterattacked  between  Courtrai  and  Harlebeke.  It  was  engaged  luitil 
its  relief  on  October  29  by  the  49th  Reserve  Division  northwest  of  Anseghem.  The 
division  was  considered  to  be  in  reserve  of  the  10th  German  Army  at  the  time  of  the 
armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class.  Its  use  on  the  Cambrai  and  Belgium  fronts 
in  September  and  October  indicate  that  it  might  have  been  considered  a  third-class 
division  after  its  reorganization. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      157 


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158      DIVISIOXS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAB. 

HISTORY. 

(Fourth  District — Prussian  Saxony.) 

1914. 
France. 

1.  With  the  7th  Division,  the  8th  Division  formed  the  4th  Army  Corps.  It  detrained 
August  10  to  12  near  Dusseldorf  and,  ^\'ith  that  rorjis,  was  part  of  the  1st  Army  (Von 
Ivluck).  Entered  Belgium  the  15th,  passed  through  Louvain  the  19th,  and  through 
Brussels  the  20th,  and  executed  with  the  7th  Di\ision  an  en^•eloping  movement  on 
the  left  of  the  Allies.  Fought  at  Solesmes  the  26th  and  arri^'ed  east  of  Coulommiers 
September  6,  from  where  it  was  sent  in  a  great  huny  to  the  right  of  the  1st  -Vrmy, 
with  the  7th  Division  (Lizy  siur  Ourcci-Plessis,  Placy,  etc.).  September  8  the  11th 
Company  of  the  93d  Infantry  was  reduced  to  96  men  (notebook). 

2.  After  the  retreat,  beginning  the  loth,  it  was  engaged  against  the  left  wing  of  the 
British  north  of  Soissons  (battle  of  the  Aisne,  Cuffies,  Cha^■igny,  Pasly,  etc.). 

3.  At  the  end  of  September  it  went  with  the  4th  Army  Corps  to  Artois  ^rith  the 
6th  Army. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  took  part  in  the  attacks  south  of  Arras  and  held 
the  lines  near  Jtlonchy  aux  Bois. 

1915. 

1.  The  division  held  the  ^lonchy  sector  during  the  first  few  months  of  1915.  At 
the  end  of  May  it  was  relieved  from  this  sector  and  put  in  the  reserve  of  the  army 
near  Douai  after  transferring  the  36th  Fusiliers  to  the  113th  Di\'ision,  newly  formed 
(March). 

2.  During  the  first  two  weeks  of  June  it  went  into  line  in  the  Souchez  sector  and 
opposed  the  French  attacks.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  September  and  became 
army  reserve  near  Tourcoing  and  Roubaix. 

Loos. 

3.  At  the  battle  of  Loos  diuing  the  counterattack  the  division  suffered  heavy  losses 

in  September  and  October. 

1916. 

1.  In  1916  imtil  the  battle  of  the  Somme  the  division  did  not  take  part  in  any 
serious  engagements.  It  was  established  in  the  Loos  sector.  July  3  it  left  this  front 
for  the  Somme. 

Somme. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  July  it  went  into  battle  on  the  Pozieres-Longueval-Bois  Del- 
ville  front  and  suffered  ver^^  hea^y  losses. 

3.  Toward  the  end  of  July  it  was  relieved  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Valen- 
ciennes. 

4.  August  9  it  took  over  a  quiet  sector  before  Arras  and  stayed  there  about  five 
weeks. 

5.  About  September  18  it  again  went  into  the  battle  of  the  Somme.  It  held  the 
Thiepval-Courcelette  sector,  where  it  had  some  hard  fighting,  which  caused  it  heavy 


Artois. 
6.  October  1  it  left  this  eector  to  again  hold  the  trenches  northeast  of  Looa. 

1917. 

1.  Diuing  the  winter  of  1916-17  the  division  had  no  hea\-y  fighting.  However,  in 
April,  May,  and  June  it  had  serious  losses  due  to  the  many  raids  executed  by  the 
British. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  July  and  the  beginning  of  August  the  di%-ision  suffered  con- 
siderably from  artillery  fire.  It  was  relieved  before  the  attack  of  the  British  before 
Lens. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      159 

Champagne. 

3.  August  5  it  entrained  for  Rethel.     Rested  for  some  time  in  tlie  region  of  Semide, 
then  held  the  sector  west  of  Butte  du  Mesnil  from  August  15  to  September  15. 
Belgium. 

4.  About  September  18  it  was  sent  in  the  region  of  Bouziers  and  October  4  went 
into  line  west  of  Becelaere  (Belgium),  and  shortly  afterwards,  October  9,  south  of 
Hollebeke.     It  was  still  there  January  20,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Province  of  Prussian  Saxony,  Duchy  of  Anhalt,  and  part  of  Thuringia.  Same 
remarks  as  for  the  7th  Di\'ision.  The  fluctuations  in  the  resources  of  the  region  are 
e\ddenced  by  the  following  facts:  On  November  4, 1917,  a  man  came  to  the  5th  Com- 
pany of  the  93d  Infimtry  who  was  born  in  1898  in  the  Eighth  District,  was  a  farmer, 
and  had  been  called  up  September  3,  ha^"ing  had  just  two  months  of  training.  He 
was  sent  by  a  depot  in  Cologne. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Since  the  battles  of  1914  the  division  remained  entirely  on  the  offensive.  It  alwaj-s 
defended  itself  well  in  attacks  and  held  its  positions  with  tenacity. 

During  its  stay  on  the  Champagne  it  did  not  show  any  activity,  but  also  it  had  no 
desertions.    It  may  be  said  that  its  morale  is  good.     (September,  1917). 

1918. 

1.  The  di^-ision  was  relieved  by  the  17th  Reserve  Division  in  the  Hollebeke  sector 
about  January'  31.  It  rested  and  trained  near  Coutrai  diuing  February  and  until 
March  7. 

2.  On  March  7  it  was  engaged  west  of  Zandvoorde,  where  it  was  in  line  until  April  11. 
Battle  op  the  Lys. 

3.  The  division  came  into  the  battle  line  West  of  Mer\aUe  on  April  11,  which  town 
it  captm'ed.     About  the  23d  it  passed  to  the  second  line. 

4.  The  di\asion  rested  for  two  Weeks  at  Canteleu  (a  suburb  of  Lille).  It  returned 
to  a  rest  camp  north  of  Kemmel  about  May  12th. 

Ypres. 

5.  It  was  engaged  south  of  Ypres  from  May  15  until  the  1st  of  July  in  the  sector, 
with  di\'ision  headquarters  at  Halluin. 

6.  The  di\'ision  rested  near  Coutrai  dming  July,  from  where  it  returned  to  its  former 
sector  south  of  Ypres  on  July  26  and  was  in  line  imtil  the  night  of  September  17-18. 
Le  Catelet. 

7.  It  was  moved  south  to  relieve  the  Alpine  Corps  at  Vendhuilc,  where  it  came 
in  on  September  23.  In  the  fighting  the  di\dsion  was  di^iven  back  by  Aul^encheul- 
Villers  Cutreaux  on  Maretz-Clary  early  in  October.  After  suffering  heavy  casaulties 
and  losing  over  400  prisoners,  it  was  withdrawn  on  October  14. 

8.  The  division  rested  in  the  Guise  area  until  October  22. 

9.  It  was  reengaged  north  of  Le  Cateau  on  October  22-23,  but  withdrew  about 
November  1.  On  the  5th  it  was  identified  in  line  north  of  Maulde,  where  it  remained 
until  the  end. 

value — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  di\'ision  was  regarded  as  a  first-class  division.  A  majority  of  its  men  came  from 
the  younger  classes.  Its  effectives  were  high  and  the  morale  good.  Apart  from  the 
Armentieres  offensive  in  April,  the  division  was  on  the  defensive  during  1918. 


160      DIVISIOIsrS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IIT  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     161 

HISTORY. 

(Fourteenth  District — Grand  Duchy  of  Baden.) 

1915. 

The  8th  Landwehr  Di\Tsion  was  formed  February,  1915,  from  Baden  troops,  whicli 
entered  Alsace  at  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  (the  110th  Landwehr  detrained 
Aug.  11,  1914,  at  Neuenburg  near  Mullheim  and  the  109th  Landwehr  on  the  same 
date),  and  the  109th  Landsturm  organized  at  the  beginning  of  1915  from  five  Baden 
Landsturm  battalions. 

Alsace. 

The  division  held  the  same  sector  between  Altkirch  and  the  Swiss  Frontier  from 
its  formation  until  January,  1917. 

1916. 

1.  In  February,  1916,  the  109th  Landwehr  and  the  110th  Landwehr,  which  had 
up  to  that  time  remained  on  the  defensive,  took  part  in  the  attacks  between  Seppois 
and  Largitzen  and  against  the  Scoonholz,  northwest  of  Altkirch.  They  executed 
many  raids  during  1916. 

2.  The  109th  Landstiu*m,  which  was  in  line  at  one  end  of  the  front,  vras  l:)roken 
up  in  May,  1916,  and  replaced  in  the  division  by  the  111th  Landwehr,  newly  formed, 
consisting  in  reality  of  three  Landsturm  battalions  already  stati(jned  in  Alsace,  of 
which  two  were  part  of  the  109th  Landsturm  (XIV  23  and  XIV  25). 

Cotes  de  Meuse. 

About  January  23,  1917,  the  di\dsion  was  withdrawn  from  the  Alsace  front  and 
sent  to  the  Cotes  de  Meuse,  where  it  took  over  the  sector  west  of  Fresnes  en  Woe^Te. 
April  15  the  division  moved  toward  the  north  and  held  the  lines  to  the  Etain- Verdun 
road. 

RECRUITING. 

Entirely  from  Baden. 

VALUE— 1917     ES'lIMATE. 

The  diA-ision  was  a  defense  di\-ision  (^lay,  1918).  Each  company  had  one  shock- 
troop  squad  per  platoon  (prisoners'  statements  Dec.  8,  1917) . 

J^ike  the  2d  and  7th  Landwehr  Di\isions,  but  to  a  smaller  degree,  the  8th  Landwehr 
Division  had  some  of  its  men  transferred  to  active  units;  thus,  in  November,  1917,  it 
transferred  some  men  to  121st  Division,  then  near  it. 

1918. 

The  division  continued  in  the  Woevre  sector  during  1918.  Through  failure  to 
identify  it,  it  was  considered  as  out  of  line  September  21  and  Septeml'or  25. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

It  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division.  Its  losses  apart  from  the  St.  Mihicl  attack 
were  negligible.  In  the  attack  it  did  faii-ly  well,  without  heavy  loss.  The  morale 
was  fair. 

125G.51°— 20 n 


162      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  TAUTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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1G4    Divisioisrs  of  geeman  ahmy  which  participated  in  wae. 

HISTORY. 

(19th  Bavarian  Reserve:  First  Bavarian  District.    22(1  Bavarian  Reserve:  iSecona 
Bavarian  District.    23d  Bavarian  Reserve:  Third  Bavarian  District.) 

1915. 

Alsace. 

1.  The  division  was  organized  in  January,  1915  (second  series  of  new  reserve 
divisions)  and  was  identified  on  the  front  for  the  first  time  at  the  Ijeginning  of  Feb- 
ruary, 1915,  in  the  valley  of  the  Lauch  and  at  Hartmannswillerkopf.  It  fought  at 
the  end  of  February  in  the  region  of  Afunster-Metzeral-Sultzeren.  On  the  24th  it 
took  part  in  the  attack  of  Reichackerkopf  and  lost  heavily. 

2.  Since  that  time  and  until  May  tlie  division  remained  in  the  same  sector  of  Alsace. 

G  ALICIA. 

3.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  May  and  sent  to  Galicia,  where  it  became  part  of  the  11th 
Army  and  cooperated  in  the  capture  of  Przemsl  June  3. 

Alsace. 

4.  Returned  to  the  Western  Front  at  the  beginnijig  of  July  and  went  to  rest  in  the 
region  of  Schelestadt  (Alsace);  then  went  into  line  again  about  July  14  in  the  valley 
of  the  Fecht  (Reichackerkopf-Metzeral).  It  repulsed  an  attack  of  the  French  July 
20  at  Reichackerkopf. 

1916. 
Alsace. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  Alsace,  sector  of  Metzeral-Sondernach,  for  a  year  from 
July,  1915,  to  July,  1916.     During  this  period  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  action. 

SOMME. 

2.  About  July  10,  1916,  it  entrained  at  Midhouse,  Colmar,  and  Pfaffenheim,  south 
of  Colmar,  and  went  to  the  Somme,  south  of  P6ronne,  and  was  in  reserve  until  July  20. 
July  21  and  22  it  was  engaged  between  Maurepas  and  Guillemont  (the  23d  Bavarian 
Reserve  was  detached  and  went  to  the  east  of  Estrees). 

3.  Relieved  August  15  after  suffering  heavy  losses  during  the  attacks  of  July  30 
and  August  12.  Reorganized  in  the  region  of  St.  Quentin,  then  went  back  into  line 
for  a  short  time  west  of  Roye  at  the  beginning  of  September. 

4.  Withdrawn  from  the  region  of  Roye  in  the  middle  of  September  and  sent  to 
the  Roumanian  front  October  13  to  23,,\'ia  Mons-Maubeuge-Namur-Liege-Aixla 
Chapelle-Cologne-Cassel-Halle-Leipzig-Prague-Brunn-Budapest-Arad. 

1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

5.  Took  part  in  the  operations  on  the  frontier  of  Transylvania  in  the  region  of  the 
Oltu  in  October  to  November  and  in  the  valley  of  the  Trotus  in  December. 

Galicla.. 

2.  In  July  it  left  Roumania  and  went  to  Galicia.  At  the  end  of  Jul}'  it  was  in  the 
region  of  Nowitza.  August  27  it  fought  at  Bojan.  In  September  it  was  at  Czerno- 
witz  and  went  to  rest  near  Radautz  in  Bukowina  beginning  September  (1.  After 
being  reviewed  by  the  Emperor  Septem1)or  27  it  was  filled  up  again  (men  of  the  1918 
class  with  less  than  four  months'  training  were  sent  to  the  22d  Reserve  Infantry) 
and  sent  to  the  Western  Front. 

Belgium. 

3.  It  entrained  October  15  at  Kolomea.  Itinerary:  Stanislau-Lcmberg-Cracow- 
Leipzig-Northeim-Paderboru-Aix  la  Chapolle  -  Liege  -  Lou  vain  -  Malines-  Brussels- 
Bruges,  and  detrained  at  Thourout  October  23. 

4.  October  26  the  division  took  over  the  Aschhoop  sector  near  Dixmude. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAiSr  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      165 

RECRUITING. 

It  seems  to  come  from  all  over  Bavaria. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  had  no  serious  fighting  from  August,  1916,  on.  Its  losses  on  the  Eastern 
Front  were  few.  It  was  trained  especially  for  mountain  warfare,  and  they  carried 
on  this  sort  of  warfare  for  a  long  time  in  Alsace,  Galicia,  and  Roumania. 

1918. 

1.  On  January  24  the  division  was  relieved  at  Dixmiide  and  sent  to  Ghent  fnr 
rest.     From  there  it  was  transferred  to  Courtrai. 

Belgium. 

2.  It  relieved  the  7th  Division  in  the  Becelaere  sector  on  February  4,  a  quiet  part 
at  tliat  time,  and  remained  until  March  7,  when  it  was  in  turn  relieved  by  the  7th 
Division. 

Battle  op  the  Lys. 

3.  It  rested  at  Ostend  until  the  Lys  battle  began,  when  it  returned  to  attack  on 
April  9  in  the  Estaires  sector,  which  was  defended  by  Portuguese.  It  advanced 
toward  Calonne  sur  Lys,  where  it  was  withdrawn  about  April  14.  The  losses  were  50 
per  cent  of  the  effectives  in  this  fighting. 

Woevre. 

4.  Upon  relief  the  division  entrained  on  April  20  at  Roubaix  and  moved  to  Conflans. 
On  May  11  it  relieved  the  78th  Reserve  Division  north  of  Seicheprey.  It  was  in 
line  in  this  sector  until  June  27.     A  draft  of  300  men  were  received  late  in  June. 

Champagne. 

5.  The  division  rested  at  Conflans  until  July  4.  It  was  then  moved  to  Wassigny 
(north  of  Rethel)  on  the  5th.  It  marched  toward  the  front  by  Herpy  and  St.  Remy 
July  8  to  14.  It  was  in  reserve  on  July  15  east  of  Reims,  in  support  of  the  15th  Bavarian 
Division.     The  division  was  not  actively  engaged  in  this  offensive. 

6.  Withdrawn  from  Champagne,  the  division  marched  toward  the  front  south  of 
the  Vesle  by  Warnerville,  Soivre,  and  Jonchery,  Vendeuil. 

Vesle. 

7.  It  was  engaged  west  of  Reims  (St.  Euphraise,  Vrigny)  between  July  22  and 
August  8. 

8.  About  August  22  the  division  arrived  in  the  area  northeast  of  Ath  from  the  Aisne 
front  to  refit  and  train. 

Ardennes. 

9.  It  was  engaged  west  of  La  Pompelle  on  September  20,  retreating  to  the  Suippe, 
south  of  Bazancourt,  about  October  1,  then  toward  Chateau  Porcien  and  Faizy.  It 
was  relieved  about  October  15. 

10.  It  rested  for  10  days  at  Son  and  St.  Forgeux,  receiving  150  to  200  men  per  regi- 
ment as  drafts. 

11.  On  the  25th  the  division  returned  to  line  in  the  Chateau  Porcien  sector.  It 
retired  in  November  by  Son,  Chappes,  Dommely,  and  La  Romagn,  where  it  was  last 
identified  on  November  7. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  first-class  division,  though  it  was  considered  as  a  shade 
imder  the  class  of  the  best  divisions.  It  fought  hard  on  the  Lys,  losing  but  1  prisoner. 
It  was  not  used  later  as  an  attack  division.    The  morale  was  good. 


166      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAKTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

8tli  Cavalry  Division. 

COMPOSITION.! 


1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

39  Cav. 
•10  Cav. 
38  Cav. 

Guard  Reiter. 

17  Uhlan. 
Karabinier. 
21  Uhlan. 
2  Jager. 
6  Jag. 

Artillery 

12  Horse  Art.  Det. 

Kngnnfwrs  qrid  T.iaisnns 

Pion.  Detch. 

8  M.  G.  Btrv. 

260  Searchlfght  Section. 

M«'1i'^f>l  fVTifl  VPtfiriTifiry 

51  Field  Hospital. 

A  ttached 

44  Cav.  Brig.: 

11  Horse  Jag.  Bgt. 
9  Res.  Uhlan  Schutzen  Rgt. 
87  Cav.  Schutzen  Rgt. 
89  Cav.  Schutzen  Rgt. 
7  Landst.  Inf.  Rgt. 

'  At  the  time  of  its  dissolution,  April,  1918. 

HISTORY. 

■  1918. 

The  division  continued  on  the  Eastern  Front,  employed  in  small  police  detach- 
ments, until  about  April  1,  when  it  was  dissolved. 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  di\'ision. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     167 


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168      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(Fifth  District — Lower  Silesia.) 

1914. 

Cotes  de  Meuse. 

1.  The  9th  Division  with  the  10th  Dixision,  formed  the  5th  Army  Corps  (Poeen),  and 
at  the  beginning  of  the  war  was  part  of  the  5th  Army  (German  Crown  Prince).  De- 
trained August  9  to  10  in  annexed  LoiTaine,  near  Bouzon\dlle,  aiid  fought  August  22 
at  Yirton.  After  a  number  of  marches  and  countermarches  in  Woe\Te,  it  established 
itself  during  the  f  rst  days  of  September  ^\'ith  the  10th  Di\d.«ion  in  a  sector  of  Cotes 
de  !Meuse  (Calonne  trench).  It  remained  there  about  two  years  from  September, 
1914,  to  September,  1916,  with  rest  billets  in  the  \-illages  of  the  Woe\Te  at  the  foot  of 
the  hills  (Thillot,  "Woel,  Hannon\dlle,  etc.). 

1915. 

Les  Eparges. 

1.  In  the  spring  of  1915  it  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Leg  Eparges  where  it  suffered 
heavily.  In  ilarch  it  transferred  its  58th  Infantry  to  the  119th  DiA-ision,  newly 
formed,  which  was  operating  in  GaUcia  beginning  with  April. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  September,  1916,  the  di\d.sion  was  withdrawn  from  the  sector 
of  Calonne  trench  and  relieved  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  in  the  woods  of  Vaux 
Chapitre  (Verdun).  In  this  last  sector  it  suffered  huge  losses.  October  24,  1916,  it 
lost  700  men  captured. 

2.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  November  and  reorganized  with  men  of  all  ages 
from  depots  of  the  Fifth  District. 

3.  November  4  it  entrained  behind  Douaumont ;  was  sent  to  the  Aisne  and  put  in 
the  Une  Novem]>er  8  in  the  sector  of  Nou\Ton,  where  it  remained  until  the  middle  of 
February,  1917. 

1917. 

Cotes  de  Meuse. 

1.  Entrained  at  Laon  during  the  last  two  weeks  of  February,  1917,  and  sent  to 
Vigneulles,  via  Charle\'ille-Conflans-Chambley;  and  again  went  into  the  sector  of 
Calonne  trench  between  February'  18  and  the  end  of  April. 

Califorxie  Plateau. 

2.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  April  and  sent  from  Mars  la  Tour-Vigneulles  (\-ia  Con- 
flans-Sedan-Liart)  to  the  region  of  Rozoy  sur  Serre.  After  a  few  days'  rest  in  the 
vicinity  of  SLssonne  it  was  engaged  beginning  May  6  in  the  attacks  on  the  plateaus  of 
Vauclerc  and  Calif ornie,  where  some  of  its  regiments  suffered  heavy  losses,  especially 
on  the  Winterberg. 

3.  Beginning  May  18  the  division  did  not  attack  any  more  but  merely  held  the 
sector  (Californie-CheATeux  les  Courtines).  Ilowever,  our  attack  of  May  22  to  24 
caiLsed  it  heavy  losses. 

4.  At  the  end  of  May  the  9th  DivL^ion  was  replaced  by  the  41st  Division.  It 
received  reinforcements.  (The  19th  Infantry  received  200  men  June  14.  About 
May  25,  60  men  of  the  1918  class  were  sent  to  the  6th  Company  of  this  regiment.) 
From  May  13  to  June  13  the  10th  Company  of  the  lo4th  Infantry  received  68  men  at 
least,  most  of  them  of  the  1918  class. 

5.  About  June  17-18  the  division  appeared  in  the  sector  of  Juvincourt,  where  it 
attacked  on  the  night  of  August  4-5  without  success.  Relieved  about  September  8 
without  having  losses  in  this  la.st  sector. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR,      169 

CnEMixs  DKS  Dames. 

6.  During  September  it  waa  sent  to  reet  in  the  region  of  Pierrepont-Missy-Liesse. 
Engaged  in  the  sector  of  Bovettes-Pargny-Filain  from  October  23  to  27  and  with- 
drawn from  thia  front  at  the  beginning  of  November  after  some  of  its  regiments  had 
suffered  heavy  losses  during  the  battle  of  October  23  to  25. 

7.  About  the  middle  of  Xovember  the  division  went  to  the  sector  of  Chevregny, 
after  a  rest  of  about  two  weeks  in  the  region  of  Laon,  during  which  it  wa^^  filled  up 
again.  It  held  this  sector  until  the  beginning  of  December.  December  8  it  was  in 
the  -vdcinity  of  I^aon.     January  11,  191S,  some  of  the  units  were  at  Liesee. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  (Fifth  District)  was  recruited  in  Lower  Silesia,  where  the  German 
population  is  much  more  numerous  than  the  Polish  population.  Although  it  received 
men  from  the  Second  and  Thii-d  Districts  in  1913  and  men  from  the  Seventh  District 
in  1916,  it  could  without  great  difficulty  get  all  its  men  from  its  original  territory.  Its 
replacements  come  almost  entirely  from  Lower  Silesia,  and  in  emergency  from  Silesia. 
It  is  more  homogeneous  than  the  10th  Division,  where  the  Polish  elements  have  to 
be  balanced  off  by  Germans. 

VALUE 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Among  the  various  German  units  which  were  engaged  in  front  of  ^'erdun  and  at 
Californie  Plateau,  the  9th  Division  was  one  of  those  which  showed  the  least  resistance. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  on  the  ^hemin  do?  Dames  front  on  December  29  and 
went  to  rest  and  train  in  the  Guise  area  until  the  middle  of  March,  when  it  proceeded 
to  the  battle  front. 

Battle  op  Picardy. 

2.  It  was  at  Marcyon  March  20.  On  the  21st  it  followed  up  the  attack  without  being 
engaged  through  Happencourt,  Artemps,  Tugny,  Dur\',  Pithon,  Ham,  and  Nesle 
(Mar.  25).  It  was  engaged  on  the  26th  near  Roye  and  advanced  by  Montdidier  to 
west  of  MesnU-St.  Georges  [March  27-28.  Its  attack  of  March  30  on  Ayencourt- 
Royancourt  met  with  heavj^  losses. 

Montdidier. 

3.  The  division  was  withdrawn  on  April  1  for  a  short  rest,  during  which  it  received 
a  draft  of  400  men.  It  returned  to  line  southwest  of  Montdidier  and  was  in  line  from 
April  5  to  8. 

4.  Until  the  ISth  it  was  in  reserve  near  J>a  Boissiere  and  later  near  Xesle  until 
April  24. 

5.  It  rested  near  Hirson  and  ^'ervin^  during  Jfay,  again  receiving  drafts  to  the  num- 
ber of  300  men. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

6.  On  [May  20  it  marched  l)y  night  stages  to  the  Aisne  front,  passing  through  Froid- 
mont,  A^erneuil  sur  Serre,  and  Bruyeres.  On  the  opening  day  it  advanced  in  reserve 
by  Presles.  >ronampteuil,  and  Pargny  Filaiii.  It  was  engaged  on  the  28th  at  Sancy- 
Vregny  and  advanced  in  the  first  line  south  of  Soissons,  Venizel,  MissA^  sur  Aisne, 
Courmelles,  Noyant,  Chazelle,  and  Poisy  (May  30).  Its  losses  in  front  of  Chazelle 
were  particularly  heav\\  It  waa  relieved  on  June  8.  An  official  German  document 
gives  the  division  losses  between  May  28  and  June  2  as  96  officers  and  2,830  men. 

7.  It  rested  in  the  vicinity  of  Bethel  and  Novion-Porcien  (June  15  to  July  7)  and 
reconstituted  by  drafts.  It  moved  toward  the  Aisne  front  on  July  10,  going  into 
reserve  northeast  of  Rheims  for  a  week.  Alerted  on  the  17th  it  moved  to  Oulchy  le 
Chateau. 


170      DIVTSTOXS  OF  OKRMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  Il^T  WAPv. 

Second  Battle  or  tifk  ^r.vRNE. 

8.  The  division  was  engaged  near  Ilartennea  and  Varcy  from  July  20  to  August  2. 
It  wa.s  driven  back  on  FLsmes  on  tliat  date  and  relieved  the  next  day. 

9.  In  August  it  rested  and  trained  near  N'ailly  and  in  the  \-icinity  of  Laon.  After 
the  24th  it  was  north  of  Rheims. 

Champagne. 

10.  The  division  was  engaged  east  of  La  Pompelle  from  Septeml>er  20  to  the  l>egin- 
ning  of  October.  On  the  3d  it  was  forced  T)ack  on  Isles  Bazancourt,  and  later  to 
Nanteuil  sur  Aisne.     On  October  17  it  was  relieved. 

11.  Two  days  later  it  was  entrained  for  Flanders,  but  at  Mons  directed  toward 
Avesnes  and  La  Capelle. 

12.  Its  last  engagement  was  north  of  Guise  from  October  21  to  November  4;  then 
near  Novin  and  Avesnes.     1,800  prisoners  were  taken  on  November  4. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  first-class  division.  Its  performance  in  1918  was  not 
of  the  best,  however.  It  was  engaged  in  the  Somme,  Aisne,  and  [Nrame  actions  -n-ithout 
winning  special  credit.     Discipline  was  reported  to  be  lax,  and  morale  poor  at  the  end. 


DIVISTONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICrPATlOn  IX  WAR.      171 


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172      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAPt. 

HISTORY. 

(Fifth  District— Posen.) 

1914. 

The  division  was  part  of  the  Hth  Reserve  Corps  ^vith  the  10th  Reserve  Division. 
Meuse-Woevre. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  it  belonged  to  the  oth  German  Army  (Imperial 
Crown  Prince).  Concentrated  in  the  region  of  Sarrebriick  and  crossed  the  southern 
part  of  Belgian  Luxemburg;  fought  August  22  near  Ville  en  Montois  and  September  1 
in  the  region  of  Consenvoye-Flabas,  and  was  kept  east  of  the  !Meuse  near  Si\Ty 
Septeml)er  2.  Toward  the  end  of  Septemljer  and  the  beginning  of  October  the  di^d- 
eion  sent  a  few  units  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse  (Forges-^Ialancourt-Chattancourt). 
The  division  established  itself  in  Woevrc  during  the  last  two  weeks  of  October  and 
at  the  beginning  of  November  in  the  region  Etraye-Wavrille-Romagne,  where  it 
did  some  fighting  at  Maucourt  November  10. 

Flanders. 

2.  About  November  ]  3  the  di\T.sion  was  sent  from  the  region  of  Verdun  to  Flanders. 
Some  units  of  the  division  fought  near  Poelcappolle  and  south  of  Bixschootc  in  siip- 
port  of  the  3d  Reserve  Corps.     It  suffered  verj^  hea^y  losses. 

3.  Again  sent  to  Woe\Te  during  the  month  of  December. 

1915. 
Woevre. 

1.  In  January,  1915,  the  diAdsion  held  the  region  Ciincrey-Etrain-Warcq.  It 
remained  in  this  section  during  the  whole  of  1015  and  until  the  end  of  February, 
1916.     In  April  it  transferred  its  7th  Reserve  Infantry  to  form  the  121st  Division. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  A  few  days  before  the  Verdun  offensive  (end  of  February',  191C,)  the  regiments 
of  the  division  were  relieved.  The  0th  Reserve  and  the  10th  Reserve  organized 
with  their  best  units  one  attack  battalion  each.  These  liattalions  took  part  with 
the  15th  Army  Corps  in  the  violent  action  at  thfe  beginning  and  suffered  hea\"j'  losses. 

2.  March  7  its  units  were  reorganized  behind  the  front  and  the  di^•ision  advanced 
through  Maucourt-Omes  and  established  itself  north  of  Vaux.  March  9  and  10  the 
three  regiments  of  the  division  attacked  successfully  the  Adllage  and  fort  of  Vaux. 
They  were  repulsed  nearly  everywhere  ^\'ith  very  heavy  losses. 

3.  About  March  12  the  di\T.sion  was  relieved  from  before  Vaux  and  sent  to  rest  in 
the  region  of  Senon-Amel. 

4.  Went  back  into  line  about  March  20  south  of  Damploup.  It  did  not  attack  any 
more,  l)ut  bom])ardments  caused  it  heavy  losses. 

5.  Relieved  about  the  end  of  April  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  \dciiiity  of  Saveme  (Alsace) 
until  June  12. 

Champagne. 

6.  About  June  20  it  went  into  line  in  Champagne  (sector  of  Souain-Tahure)  but 
did  not  take  part  in  any  important  action. 

SOMME. 

7.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  about  September  20  or  25  and  sent  to  the  Somme. 
Engaged  between  the  eastern  limit  of  Bouchavesnes  and  the  main  P^ronne  road 
until  October  18.     It  had  a  few  losses. 

8.  After  a  period  of  rest,  probably  in  the  vicinity  of  Vouziers,  it  was  again  sent 
to  the  Somme,  first  liehind  the  front  southeast  of  Bapaume  Decemlier  1 ,  then  about 
December  17  in  line  in  the  sector  of  Bouchaveues-Bois  de  St.  Pierre- Vaast  until 
February,  1917. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      173 

1917. 

1.  In  February,  1917,  the  division  held  on  the  Somme  the  sector  north  of  the 
Ancre — south  of  Achiet  le  Petit. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  about  March  10  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Cambrai, 
and  was  established  on  a  new  front  about  March  20  west  of  Catelet  near  Gouzeaucourt, 
Villers  Guislain. 

Aktois. 

3.  About  April  15  it  was  relieved  and  went  into  line  south  of  the  Scarpe,  northeast 
of  Monchy  le  Preaux,  from  the  beginning  of  May  till  the  l>eginning  of  June. 
Flanders. 

4.  It  was  again  at  the  front  east  of  Armentieres  from  the  middle  of  June  till  al)out 
July  10,  then  after  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Ghent  it  was  in  line  on  the  Ypres  road  at 
Menin,  east  of  Klein-Zillebeke,  from  August  10  to  September  25,  and  fought  especi- 
ally on  the  20th,  on  which  date  it  suffered  heavily.  The  11th  Company  of  the  6th 
Reserve  Infantry  was  reduced  to  20  men,  and  the  12th  to  27.  The  19th  Reserve 
Infantry  had  the  same  losses.  The  3d  Company  of  the  395th  Infantry  lost  half  of 
its  men.     (Summary  of  information  Sept.  21  and  Oct.  24,  1917.) 

Cambrai. 

5.  Reorganized  in  the  region  of  Cambrai  and  from  that  time  on  held  Aarious  sec- 
tors of  this  front.  It  fought  ISTovember  23  to  30  at  Banteux,  Masuiferes,  and  in  Decem- 
ber south  of  Marcoing.  In  January,  1918,  it  was  at  La  Yacquerie  and  was  relieved 
there  February  21. 

RECRUITING. 

The  Province  of  Posen,  with  a  few  units  from  other  districts,  for  example  the  ninth, 
to  reduce  the  proportion  of  Poles. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE, 

The  di\'ision  fought  well  in  many  battles  at  the  end  of  1917,  especially  east  of 
Ypres  and  before  Cambrai. 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  di^^sion  reinforced  the  front  southwest  of  Cambrai  on  March  22  and  ad- 
vanced by  Montaubau-Maricourt  to  west  of  Albert.  It  was  relieved  aliout  the  1st 
of  April.     After  losing  hea\'ily  in  the  offensive  it  was  -withdrawn. 

Lens. 

2.  It  came  into  line  in  the  quiet  sector  near  Lens  about  Ai)ril  10,  relieving  the 
12th  Reserve  Division.  On  the  23d  it  shifted  its  sector  south  to  Avion.  The  12th 
Reserve  Di\'ision  returned  from  the  Lys  front  to  relieve  it  on  about  April  29. 

3.  The  diATsion  moved  north  and  entered  the  battle  line  in  the  Festubert  sector 
on  April  29.  It  continued  in  this  sector  until  September  27,  effecting  only  local 
reliefs.  It  reentered  at  once  at  Marcoing  on  September  29.  A  month  later  it  arrived 
at  Ath  from  line  and  went  into  line  on  November  2  at  Herrnes.  The  last  identifica- 
tion was  at  Ellezelle  on  November  10. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  di\-ision  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  During  1918  its  length  of  stay 
on  the  British  front  was  remarkable.     Nothing  is  knowTi  of  its  morale  or  losses. 


174      DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PiUlTIClPATED  IN  WAPw 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAJf  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      175 

HISTORY. 

(83d  Landwelir:  Eleventh  District— Thiiringia  and  Electoral  Hesse.     116th  Landwehr 
and  liSth  Laudwehr:  Eighteenth  District — Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse.) 

1915. 
AmioxNE. 

1.  This  division  was  organized  in  the  iVrgonne  at  the  beginning  t>f  1915  from  infantry- 
units  in  sector  in  that  region  and  in  Champagne.  The  43d  Landwehr  brigade  detrained 
at  Bovilay  (Lorraine)  August  20,  1914,  and  fought  in  the  "\Voe\Te  tlie  24th.  The  49th 
I^andwehr  Brigade  was  sent  to  Luxemburg  August  20,  followed  the  Eighteenth  Reserve 
Corps,  and  took  part  with  it  in  the  battle  of  the  Mame.  In  October  the  two  brigades 
were  in  the  Argonne. 

2.  From  the  time  of  its  organization  did  not  leave  the  .Vrgonne.  From  the  ))egin- 
ning  of  1915  it  held  the  sector  at  or  near  the  Aisne  (north  of  Ville  sur  Tourl)e  and  north 
of  Vienne  le  Chateau). 

1916. 
Argonne. 

1.  Sector  north  of  Vienne  le  Chateau,  from  the  regit)n  of  Rou\Toy  to  the  ra\ine  of 
Fontaine  aux  Charnes. 

1917. 
Argonne. 

1.  Sector  north  of  Vienne  le  Chateau. 

recruiting. 

83d  Landwehr:  Electorate  Hesse  and  Thuringia.  116th  and  118th  Landwehr: 
Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse  and  Rhenish  country.  The  document  of  July  11,  1917,  calls 
the  two  regiments  in  question  "Rhenish." 

At  the  end  of  1917  and  during  the  first  months  of  1918  the  di\dsion  exchanged  a  large 
number  of  men  with  the  divisions  stationed  near  it,  which  modified  its  regional  com- 
position to  a  certain  degree. 

VALUE 1917  estimate. 

Sector  division.     (1918.) 

The  di^dsion  had  one  storm  company  in  July,  1917,  and  each  regiment  had  a 
"Stosstrupp." 

1918. 

The  division  continued  to  hold  the  sector  in  the  Argonne  Woods  until  the  American 
attack  on  September  26.  It  was  engaged  on  the  opening  days  and  withdrew  on  the 
28th.  The  shattered  elements  were  re-formed  and  reentered  at  once  on  the  extreme 
right  flank  of  the  4th  French  Army  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Aisne.  The  last  identifica. 
tion  was  at  Villers  sur  le  Mont  on  November  10. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  diAosion  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division.  On  the  defensive  it  showed  some 
fighting  ability. 


17G      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      177 

HISTORY. 
(Third  Bavarian  District — Upper  Palatinate,  Upper  and  Middle  Franconia.) 

1916. 

1.  This  division  was  formed  at  the  beginning  of  October,  1916,  at  Caudry  and 
vicinity,  and  was  one  of  the  series  of  di\-isions  organized  at  that  time  from  drafts  of 
units  from  already  existing  divisions. 

AlSNE. 

2.  Went  into  line  at  the  beginning  of  October  east  of  Craonne,  in  the  sector  of  Villa 
au  Bois. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  December  it  was  sent  to  rest  between  Cambrai  and  Le  Cateau. 

1917. 

SOMME. 

1.  The  division  was  sent  to  the  Somme  and  sent  in  its  regiments  singly  to  reinforce 
the  sectors  of  Saillisel  and  Transloy  in  January,  1917. 

AlSNE. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  February  the  division  v.as  sent  back  to  the  region  of  Laon- 
La  Malmaison.     It  returned  to  the  sector  of  Ville  au  Bois,  where  it  opposed  the  French 
offensive  of  April  16  and  lost  2,300  captured  and  many  casualties;  the  2d  and  3d 
Battalions  of  the  14th  Reserve  Infantry  were  almost  all  taken  prisoners. 
Lorraine. 

3.  Relieved  April  20  and  sent  to  Lorraine,  where  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Moncel- 
Arracourt  May  1  to  the  beginning  of  August. 

Flanders. 

4.  August  1  it  entrained  at  St.  Avoid  for  Flanders.  Detrained  at  Roulers  and  was 
placed  in  reserve  in  the  region  Staden-Zarren  from  August  9  to  16.  It  fought  August 
17  north  of  Ypres  at  Bixschootc-Langemarck,  suffered  hea-vy  losses,  and  remained 
in  line  only  three  days. 

Woevre. 

5.  August  24  it  took  over  the  sector  of  the  Apremont  forest  near  St.  Mihiel  until 
the  end  of  October. 

Flanders. 

6.  Returned  to  Flanders  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Bruges  and  Ostend  in 
October  and  November.  About  November  22  it  went  into  line  in  the  sector  of 
Lombartzyde  and  left  it  at  the  beginning  of  December. 

Cambrai. 

7.  It  returned  almost  immediately  to  the  front  south  of  Cambrai  (Gonnelieu- 
Villers-Guislain)  in  December,  then  to  the  sector  of  Ilargicourt  in  January,  1918. 

recruiting. 

Almost  entirely  from  the  Third  Bavarian  District — Ui)per  ralaliuate,  Upper  and 
Lower  Franconia. 

value 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  opposed  a  considerable  resistance  to  the  French  attack  of  April  10, 
1916,  and  gave  proof  of  good  qualities  and  defense. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  not  engaged  on  March  21,  being  in  reserve  near  Estrccs  from 
the  21st  to  the  24th.  It  was  then  used  to  clear  up  the  ground  near  Bellenglise  until 
March  27.  It  marched  to  the  front  by  Mont  St.  Quentin,  Yermando-sdllerp,  and 
Ilarvonnieres. 

125G51°— 20 12 


178      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAISr  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE. 

ViLLERS    BrETONNEUX. 

2.  From  April  4  to  21  it  was  engaged  near  Villera  Bretoniieux.  In  the  counter- 
attack of  the  opening  day  a  battalion  of  the  J  1th  Ikivarian  Reserve  Regiment  ran 
away.  For  a  week  the  division  was  in  reserve  soutli  of  Bray  sur  Somme.  On  April 
27  it  returned  to  line  northeast  of  Yillers  Bretonneux,  remaining  until  May  6. 

3.  It  rested  west  of  St.  Quentin  from  May  11  to  17. 

Battle  op  the  Matz. 

4.  On  the  19th  the  division  entered  the  line  on  the  Oise  east  of  Noyon.  After  the 
26th  it  was  in  front  of  Noyon.  The  division  took  part  in  the  attack  of  June  0  on 
Suzay-Thiescourt-Passel.  Relieved  about  the  middle  of  June,  the  di^dsion  was 
disbanded  about  June  27.     Its  regiments  were  turned  into  the  12th  Bavarian  Division. 

value — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  It  was  inferior  to  the  other 
Bavarian  units.     Its  morale  was  bad  prior  to  its  dissolution. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      179 

9tli  Cavalry  Division. 

COMPOSITION.! 


Hrigadc. 


Ucgimcnt. 


Cavalry . 


13  Cav. 
11  Cav. 


4  Cuirassier. 
8  llus. 

11  Hus. 

5  Uhlan. 


Artillery . 


10  Horse  Art.  Abt. 


Engineers  and  Liaisons . 


5  M.  a.  Btry. 
7  M.  (!.  Btry. 
9  Cav.  Pion.  Deteh. 
415  T.  M.  Co. 


Medical  and  Veterinar  j' 574  Ambulance  Co 


Attached. 


Saxon  Res.  Reiter  Rgt. 

3  Ueavy  Res.  Cav.  Schutzen  Rgt. 


1  At  the  time  of  its  dissolution,  June,  1918. 

HISTORY. 

1918. 

The  division  was  employed  in  police  duty  in  tlie  Uki-aine  until  about  July  1,  when 
it  was  dissolved. 

VALUE    1918 ESTIMATE. 


The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


180      DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAIS^  AEMY  WHICH  P^UITICIPATED  lH  WAll 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      181 

HISTORY. 

(Fifth  district — Posen.) 

1914. 

The  10th  Division  at  mobilization  belonged  to  the  5th  Army  Corps  (Posen). 
Detrained  August  10  and  11  near  Sarrelouis  and  belonged  to  the  5th  Army  (Prussian 
Crown  Prince).  Entered  Luxemljurg  the  ISth,  passed  through  Arlon  the  20th,  and 
left  it  on  the  evening  of  the  21st. 

1.  Took  part  in  the  combat  of  August  22,  1914  at  Ethe,  near  Airton,  next  to  the 
9th  Di\'ision.  August  28  it  was  north  of  Thion\-ilIe,  expecting  to  leave  for  Russia. 
August  30  it  continxied  its  march  in  the  Yroevre,  reached  the  Cotes  de  Meuse,  and 
attacked  the  fort  of  Troyon  September  7. 

Les  Eparges. 

2.  After  the  battle  of  the  ilarne  it  held  the  sector  of  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  east  of 
Verdun  (Les  Eparges-Callone)  ^yhich  it  hekl  almost  all  the  time  until  October  1916. 
Took  part  in  the  series  of  combats  \'.'hich  took  place  in  this  sector  between  April 
and  July,  1915. 

1915 

1.  At  the  time  of  our  offensive  of  September  and  vJctober,  1915,  in  Champagne,  the 
10th  Di\'ision  sent  some  of  its  units  there,  but  they  returned  io  Woe^Te  about  December 
10,  1915,  after  four  weeks'  rest  in  Lorraine. 

WOEVRE. 

2.  .After  this  and  until  the  beginning  of  October,  1916,  the  Di^dsion  held  its  sector 
of  the  Cotes  de  Meuse. 

1916. 
Verdun^. 

1.  In  October  1916  the  division  was  relieved  and  took  over  the  sector  of  Douaiunon 
in  November.  It  suffered  hea\y  los.ses  December  15,  when  the  French  defeated  it 
.severely,  and  had  to  be  Avithdrawn  from  the  front. 

1917. 
Cotes  de  Meuse. 

1.  Reorganized  at  the  beginning  of  January,  1917,  after  a  three  weeks' rest  in  the 
region  of  Mars  la  Toiu",  and  took  over  again  its  former  sector  of  the  Cotes  de  ^[euse 
at  the  beginning  of  March,  remaining  there  until  the  end  of  April. 

AlSNE. 

2.  Entrained  Ma}'  1  at  Mars  la  Tour  and  sent  via  Conflans-Montmedy-Sedan- 
Charle\'ille-Hirson  to  the  region  north  of  the  Aisne,  where  it  took  over  a  sector 
northwest  of  Braye  en  Laonnois.  It  made  an  attack  there  May  IS  but  did  not  lose 
very  heavily. 

3.  On  June  20  it  was  relieved  and  sent  to  rest  near  Crecy  sur  Serro.  Left  this  region 
about  July  25  and  spent  six  days  at  Gizy  and  A-icinity. 

Chemins  de  Dames. 

4.  On  July  30  it  went  into  line  in  the  sector  from  Allies  to  Ilurtebise.  Its  regiment 
suffered  a  great  deal  from  our  artillery'  fire.  During  the  attack  nf  .\ugust  31  to  Sep- 
tember 1  the  div'ision  suffered  heavy  losses. 

5.  About  September  15  the  division  was  relieved.  (h\  the  20ih  it  look  over  the 
sector  of  St.  Gobain. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  the  French  attack  at  the  end  of  October  an  emergency  call 
was  sent  the  23d  f(jr  some  of  the  units  of  the  division  which  were  at  rest  in  the  region 
of  Crepy  en  Laonnois  and  during  the  night  of  the  23(1-24 th  they  went  into  l^ne  to 
cover  the  retreat  of  the  di\"isions  in  lino. 


182      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Forest  of  St.  Gobain. 

The  greater  part  of  the  rli^-ision  remained  in  line  in  the  forest  of  St.  Gobain  during 
this  attack.  The  (li\ision  was  relie^'ed  about  the  middle  of  December;  and  on  Decem- 
ber 15  it  "was  behind  the  St.  Quentin  front.  At  the  end  of  January  18  the  division 
relicA-ed  the  211th  division  in  the  sector  of  Allies. 

RECRUITING. 

The  10th  Di^dsion  differs  from  the  9th  in  that  its  normal  recruiting  district  (Province 
of  Posen)  is  composed  mostly  of  Poles.  There  are,  therefore,  a  large  number  of  Poles 
in  its  ranks,  but  it  is  evident  that  they  are  trying  to  mix  them  with  Prussians,  who 
are  less  liable  to  desert.  The  47th  Infantry  on  December  15,  1916,  before  Verdun 
contained  men  from  the  ninth  and  tenth  districts.  The  398th  Infantrj-,  whose  com- 
panies were  taken  from  various  di\dsions,  for  example  the  9th,  the  10th  and  the  103d, 
obtained  from  the  103d  Di\dsion  Hessian  and  Thuringian  units.  There  is  the  same 
variety  in  the  6th  Grenadiers,  which  contained  at  the  en<l  of  1912  besides  the  original 
drafts  from  the  district,  men  from  the  ninth  and  tenth  districts,  a.s  well  a.s  from  the 
eighteenth  district,  the  latter  belonging  to  the  trained  Landsturm  (2d  Bav.). 


Until  the  attack  of  Verdun,  the  10th  diA-ision  always  had  the  reputation  of  being 
a  good  diAdsion  composed  of  good  units.  At  the  time  of  the  attack  of  the  French 
December  10,  1915,  howeA'er,  the  division  which  was  in  the  sector  north  of  A'erdun 
did  not  seem  to  defend  itself  as  stubbornly  as  might  be  expected.  It  .should,  however, 
be  noted  that  15  per  cent  of  the  forces  were  at  that  time  weakened  by  sicknes,-^. 
During  the  German  attack  of  ^lay  18,  1917,  the  47th  Infantry  clearly  gave  the  impress- 
ion that  it  was  quite  inferior  to  the  two  other  regiments  of  the  di\dsion.  (The  presence 
of  Poles  in  the  47th  should  be  noted.)  August  31,  1917  at  the  Chemin  des  Dames,  the 
units  of  the  10th  di\dsion  resisted  well  and  counterattacked  with  ^•igoT  September  1, 

1918. 

1.  The  di\dsion  was  relieved  in  the  ^Villes  on  February  20  and  went  to  rest  and  train 
for  a  month.  It  was  at  Montcomet,  later  near  Saint  Richaumont,  Voulpaix,  and  La 
Vallee-aux-Bleds.  It  marched  toward  the  St.  Quintin  front  on  ^Nlarch  20,  by  Origny- 
St.  Benoite  and  Itancourt. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  It  was  in  the  second  line  on  I^Iarch  21  and  22,  advancing  through  Urvillers  and 
Essigny.  ^t  was  engaged  March  23  to  25,  crossing  the  Crozat  Canal  to  the  west  of  .Tussy, 
Cugny,  and  Guiscard.  It  rested  on  the  25th  and  2Gth.  The  di\dsion  was  reengaged 
on  March  27  to  the  30th  in  the  %dcinity  of  Libermont,  OgnoUes,  Beu\Taignes  (27th) 
Conchy  les  Pots  (28th-31st).  The  losses  were  hea\y  on  the  27th  and  28th.  The  di\d- 
sion  passed  into  the  second  line  on  the  31st  and  then  to  reserv^e  at  Solente  (east  of  Roye) 
until  the  30th  of  April. 

3.  The  division  rested  and  trained  from  May  5  to  20  at  Jeantes  la  Villo  and  Xamp- 
celle  la  Cour  (east  of  Ver\dns ).     It  received  a  draft  of  800  men  on  May  18. 

4.  The  di\dsion  marched  toward  the  Aisne  front  through  Montigny  le  Franc,  Mar- 
chais,  Montaigu,  and  Mauregny,  May  25  and  26,  by  night. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

5.  It  attacked  on  the  Chemin  des  Dames  on  May  27,  near  Ailles.  its  former  sector. 
It  Avas  in  the  front  line  of  the  advance  through  Paissy,  Oeuilly,  Barbonval,  Blanzy, 
Bazoches  (27th),  Mareiril  en  Dole,  (28th\  south  of  Fere  en  Tardenois,  (29th),  south 
of  Beuvardes  (30th\  south  «if  I'ouresches.     It  retired  from  the  front  about.  June  8. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      183 

Battle  of  the  Marne. 

6.  The  division  was  at  rest  near  Sissonne  aftor  the  middle  of  June  to  July  7.  ,  It 
marched  to  the  front  Ada  Eppes,  Brenelle,  Foret  de  Fere,  July  7  to  11.  It  crossed  the 
Marne  on  the  morning  of  the  15th,  Ijy  pontoons,  having  passed  through  the  sector 
of  the  10th  Ldw.  Div.  The  division's  objective  was  a  line  8  klms.  south  of  the  river, 
which  was  to  have  been  reached  by  11  a.  m.  The  advance  was  completely  checked 
by  the  American  Di^'ision  (3d)  south  of  the  ^larne.  The  di^'ision  lost  400  prisoners 
and  many  casualties. 

7.  The  division  was  taken  out  within  a  few  days  and  rested  at  Arcy-St.  Restitute. 
It  was  engaged  near  Vierzy  on  the  2Gth  and  was  thrown  back  on  the  Vesle  by  August 
1,  when  it  was  relieved. 

The  Woevre. 

8.  The  division  was  taken  to  Athies-sous-Laon,  where  it  entrained  on  August  5 
for  ^lars-la-Tour.  The  itinerary  included  Hirson,  Charleville,  Sedan.  It  camped 
at  8pon\Tlle  until  the  night  of  August  18-19.  It  relieved  the  277th  Division  in  the 
sector  Richecourt,  Laha>'\ille,  St.  Baussant.  The  division  had  absorbed  the  255th 
Division,  dissolved  on  August  7,  and  its  losses  in  men  and  material  had  been  made 
up.  The  division  sustained  the  American  attack  of  Septeml)er  12  and  was  tlu-own 
back  north  of  Thiaucourt  on  Jaulny,  Rembercourt.  The  division  lost  heavily  in 
casualties  and  prisoners.  Practically  the  entire  3d  Battalion  of  the  398th  Regiment 
was  captiu'ed  on  the  first  day.     It  was  taken  oiit  on  September  20. 

Moselle. 

9.  The  division  was  reassembled  at  Loringen,  near  Metz.  From  the  dissolved  77th 
ReserA'e  Division  the  257th  Reser^•e  Regiment  was  turned  into  the  6th  Gren.  Regi- 
ment (10th  Div-ision),  the  419th  into  the  398th  Regiment,  and  the  332d  into  the  47th 
Regiment.  Other  drafts  from  Germany  were  received  to  reconstitute  the  division. 
On  the  5th  of  October  the  division  entered  the  sector  east  of  the  Moselle  (Nomeny), 
where  it  remained  until  October  28. 

Meuse-Aroonne. 

10.  The  division  returned  to  Metz  and  moved  by  rail  for  Pelte,  xla  Metz-T.onguyon- 
Montmedy.  It  went  into  position  on  November  3  northwest  of  Stenay.  The  last 
identification  was  on  the  Meuse  on  November  11. 


The  division  was  rated  as  a  first-class  division.  It  behaved  creditably  in  the 
Somme  and  Aisne  offensives.  It  was  comjiletely  defeated  on  the  Marne,  from  which 
it  never  recovered.  The  inferior  qualities  of  the  drafts  received  in  August  and  Sep- 
tember lowered  the  fighting  value  of  the  division. 


184      DIVISIONS  OF  GEE:\IAlSr  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAE. 


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DIVISIOXS  OF  GERMAIN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.      185 

IITSTORY. 

(Fifth  District— Posen.) 

1914. 
France. 

1.  At  mobilization  tlie  division,  with  the  9tli  Reserve  Division,  formed  the  5th 
Reserve  Corps.  It  was  jiart  of  the  5th  Army  (Crown  Prince  of  Prussia)  and  toolc 
part  in  the  offensive  which  went  around  Verdun  from  the  north.  It  fought  at  Villa 
en  Montois  Augiist  22,  in  the  Region  of  Consenvoiye-Flabas  September  1,  and  in  the 
vicinity  of  Si^Ty  sur  ^leuse  Septeml)er  2.  It  reraained  on  the  right  bank  of  the 
Meuse  until  the  end  of  September. 

Meuse. 

2.  About  October  1  some  of  the  units  of  the  10th  Reserve  Di^^sion  were  sent  to 
the  left  bank  (Cuisy-Forges-Gercoirrt). 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  Noveml^er  the  division  was  regrouped  in  the  region  of 
Dam\-illers  (right  bank).  Took  part  in  the  attacks  toward  Azannes  November  10 
aiid  established  itself  in  the  sector  of  Consenvoye-Azannes  (northea^it  of  Ome-Bois 
des  Caurcs  hi  November  and  December). 

1915. 

1.  The  division  held  the  region  east  of  Consen-\-oye-Flabas-Boia  des  Caures-Azannes 
until  the  Verdun  offensive  February,  1916. 

WOEVRE. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September,  1915,  at  the  begimiing  of  tiie  French  attack  in  Cham- 
pagne, some  units  of  the  di\'ision  (battalions  of  the  37th  Reserves  and  98th  Reserves 
were  sent  as  reinforcements  to  vicinity  of  Ville  sur  Tour-l)e  and  Massiges.) 

1910. 
Verdun. 

1.  About  February  15,  1916,  the  diA-ision  was  relieved  from  the  sector  on  the  right 
])ank  of  the  ^leuse  and  put  in  reaerxe.  During  the  first  days  of  the  offensive  it 
engaged  only  a  fev;  attack  liattallons.  Beginning  March  12  it  was  in  Line  before 
Vaux  and  Fort  Vaux  and  had  very  heavy  losses.  April  3  the  8th  of  the  37th  Fusiliers 
received  at  least  64  replacements  (recuperated  men  who  entered  the  service  the 
preceding  November  and  recovered  Wounded  and  sick). 

2.  The  di\'ision  was  relieved  at  the  end  of  April  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of 
Mulhouse  from  the  beginning  of  ^fay  to  .Tune  12. 

Champagne. 

3.  Sent  to  Champagne  and  held  tlie  sector  north  of  Tahure,  south  of  Somme  Py, 
until  September  20. 

Somme. 

4 .  After  a  few  days'  rest  it  was  sent  to  tlie  Somme  south  of  the  St.  Pierre  Woo<I-Vaast 
from  October  5  to  15.     It  suffered  very  heavy  losses  there. 

5.  At  rest  for  13  days,  then  entrained,  and  went  to  Dun  via  Hirson-M^zi^res- 
Charle\dlle-Sedan  October  23. 

MoRT  Homme. 

6.  It  held  the  sector  of  ISfort  Homme  (left  bank  of  the  Meuse)  from  October  28  to 
!■  ebruarv  8,  1917. 


186      DIVISIONS  OF  GERIMAX  AlUIY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1917. 

1.  The  di'V'ision  vraa  at  rest  in  the  middle  of  February',  1917,  in  the  region  of  Sedan, 
then  of  Dizy  le  Gros. 

AlSNE. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  March  it  •went  into  line  in  the  region  of  Berry  au  Bac 
(from  Hill  108  to  Spigneul).  It  was  relieved  at  the  beginning  of  the  French  attack 
April  16.     The  French  artillery  preparation  caused  it  heavy  losses. 

MoRT  Homme — Hill  304. 

3.  From  April  24  to  May  15  it  was  in  line  in  its  old  Bector — Cumier&s-Mort  Homme — 
and  from  the  middle  of  May  till  July  19  in  the  adjoining  sector — Hill  304-Avocourt 
"Wood.  It  attacked  June  28  and  29  and  opposed  our  counterattacks  of  July  12  to 
17,  siiffering  heavy  losses. 

4.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  about  July  19. 

5.  At  rest  near  Sedan  and  reorganized  (replacements  from  the  Fifth  District  and 
Eighteenth  District  (Frankfort  on  Main). 

Champagne. 

6.  It  then  took  over  the  sector  Vitry-Cemay  les  Reims  about  August  8.  Bcmalned 
there  imt'l  about  October  27. 

7.  November  9  it  went  into  line  north  of  Craonne  in  the  region  of  C'hermizy- 
Boucon^dlle  (?).  Some  of  the  imits  of  the  division  were  not  in  this  sector.  After  a 
rest  in  the  camp  of  Sissonne  and  at  Poilcourt,  end  of  October  to  middle  of  Decem- 
ber, the}'  went  into  line  in  the  sector  ^Miette-Aisne  about  December  17.  About 
that  <late  the  di\"ision  wa.s  regroui:>ed  north  of  Beny  au  Bac,  where  it  was  still  in 
February',  1918. 

RECKUrriNG. 

Pro\ince  of  Posen.     The  differences  were  made  up  Ijv  the  Sixth  District  mostly. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  (U vision  is  considered  as  a  "  big  attack  "  division.  In  April,  1917,  in  the  region 
of  Berry  au  Bac  it  executed  a  well-conducted  attack  on  Satigneul.  The  offensive 
value  of  the  di^dsion  showed  itself  again  during  the  attacks  of  June  28-29  of  1917  at 
Hill  304. 

There  is  no  lack  of  volunteers  for  dangerou.s  missions,  and  the  motto  of  the  division 
is  said  to  be:  "Get  after  the  enemy  and  beat  'em  wherever  you  find  'em."  The 
commanding  general  of  the  di\'ision  and  tlie  colonel  commanding  the  155th  con- 
sider that  their  men  are  able  to  endure  liard  battles  (November,  1917). 

]918. 
Battle  of  Picakdy. 

1.  The  di^asion  was  relieved  about  March  15  and  sent  to  reenforce  the  Somme 
front.  It  was  engaged  near  Beaulieu  les  Fontaines  on  March  25-20,  where  it  remained 
until  April  7.     Heavy  casualties  were  reported  in  this  offensive. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

2.  The  division  restoil  until  May  27,  wlicn  it  took  part  in  the  offensive  at  Mont 
Notre  Dame.  About  June  15  it  was  withdrawn  to  Alhios  (Laou),  where  it  rested 
fallen  until  July  15. 

Second  Battle  op  the  Marne. 

3.  On  July  15  tlie  di\-ision  was  again  engaged  south  of  tlio  ^farne  at  Montvoisin 
and  Oeuilly  on  the  ojiening  day.  It  retired  from  the  Vesle  front,  to  which  it  had 
fallen  back,  about  August  5. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAIl.      187 

Vksle. 

4.  After  resting  three  weeks  at  Asfeld  the  clh-isiou  returned  to  the  Vesle  front  on 
August  28  near  Chalon  sur  Vesle  and  was  engaged  until  September  IS. 

5.  On  the  18th  the  division  was  direc  ted  hy  stages  to  Laon  and  entered  the  line 
south  of  Laon  at  Ferme-Coloml^o  on  tlie  22d.  The  di\-ision  appears  to  have  been 
constantly  in  action  until  NoA'embcr  1,  and  possibly  imtil  the  armistice.  It  was 
successively  identified  at  Che\Tigny,  Montceaii  le  Vraast  (Oct.  14),  southeast  of 
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VALUE 191S    ESTIMATE. 

The  diA-ision  was  rated  as  a  first-class  division.  It  fought  hard  iii  most  of  the 
offensives  of  the  year,  and  when  on  the  defensive  put  up  a  hard,  steady  fight  for 
two  months  without  relief. 


188      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAKTICUPATED  IN  WAR.      189 

HISTORY. 

(369th  and   370tli:   Seveutli   District — ^Westphalia.     SZlst:   Eloveuth   ]>i,slri(t — 

Thuringia.) 

1914. 

This  division  was  organized  as  early  as  August,  1914.  It  comjjrised  the  25th,  37th, 
and  43d  ^lixed  Ersatz  Brigades,  themselvey  constituted  by  the  Brigade  Ersatz  Bat- 
talions of  the  Tenth,  Seventh,  and  Eleventh  Districts  (Hanover,  Oldenlnag,  Bruns- 
wick, Westphalia,  Electoral  Hesse,  and  Thuringia). 

Lorraine. 

1.  Detrained  August  17  and  18  near  Sarrelouis  and  brought  quickly  to  the  rear  of 
the  3d  Bavarian  Corps  August  20,  and  crossed  the  frontier  the  25th.  September  7  it 
had  heavy  losses  at  the  attack  against  Nancy  (Champenoux).  The  40th  Brigade 
Ersatz  Battalion  lost  half  its  forces  (notebook).  It  continued,  however,  to  take  part 
in  the  operations  in  Lorraine  in  the  region  of  Moncel  until  September  12,  1914,  after 
which  it  went  to  rest  near  Chateau  Salins. 

Ha  YE. 

2.  Sejitemlwr  2S  it  entrained  for  Noveant  and  v'cnt  into  line  on  the  Haye  front, 
where  it  held  various  sectors  (Loupmont,  Richecourt,  Apremont). 

1915. 
Have. 

1.  During  1915  the  division  continued  to  hold  the  Lorraine  front  (Haye):  Loup- 
mont, Seicheprey,  Lahayville,  ]\Iort  Mare  Wood. 

2.  At  the  end  of  July  the  division  was  reorganized.  Its  ]:)rigade  Ersatz  Ijattalions 
were  grouped  into  regiments  and  formed  the  36Sth,  369th,  370th,  and  371st  Infantry. 
The  companies  were  filled  up  again.  The  9th  company  of  the  370th  Infantry  received 
not  less  than  76  replacements  in  August  (1915  class  called  up  in  Iilay). 

1916. 

WOEVRE. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  Flirey-Limey  sector  until  the  end  of  August, 
1916.  At  that  date  it  was  relieved  by  the  Guard  Ersatz  Division  and  sent  to  rest  in 
the  region  of  Thiaucourt. 

SOMME. 

2.  By  September  5,  leaving  the  368th  Regiment,  which  was  transferred  to  the  213th 
Division,  it  entrained  at  ^lontmedy  and  went  to  the  south  of  the  Somme  \na  Laon, 
Tergnier,  and  St.  Quentin.  It  fought  south  of  Bemy  en  Santerre  from  September  14 
to  25  and  suffered  consideral^le  losses. 

Champagne. 

3.  After  a  short  rest  in  the  region  of  St.  Quentin  the  division  was  sent  to  Champagne. 
Until  Novemljer  12  it  held,  A^-ithout  any  particular  incidents,  the  Ste.  Marie  a  Py  and 
Somme  Py  sector. 

4.  From  the  middle  of  November  to  tlie  niitldle  of  December  it  was  scut  to  rest  in 
the  region  of  Attign}\ 

Meuse. 

5.  December  2S  it  took  over  the  Orncs-Bezonvaux  sector. 

1917. 

1.  Held  the  \'erdun  front  (Bezonvaux)  until  April  19,  1917. 

CuAMrAGNE. 

2.  Between  April  20  and  25  it  returned  to  Champagne  and  took  jjart  la  the  attack 
south  of  Moronvilliers  from  the  beginning  of  May  to  the  beginning  of  June.  From 
June  9  to  beginning  of  August  it  was  in  line  in  the  region  of  Regnieville-Remenauville 
(Haye).  • 


190      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Flanders. 

4.  After  a  rest  behind  ihe  Lorraine  front,  the  di\asion  entrained  at  Chanibley 
August  21  for  Belgium.  About  Sej^tember  24  it  was  engaged  before  Ypres  near 
Poelcappelle. 

Galicia. 

5.  Withdrawn  from  the  Belgium  front  about  October  7  and  entrained  the  10th  for 
Galicia,  Avhere  it  was  identified  south  of  Skala,  November  17. 

RECRUITING. 

Westphalia  and  Rhine  rro\diices:  369th  and  370th  Infantry.  Thuringia:  371st 
Infantry. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  di\'ision  suffered  heavy  losses  in  Champagne  in  May,  1917,  and  at  Ypres  in 
September  and  October,  1917.     The  division  has  only  moderate  value. 

1918. 
Battle  op  the  Lys. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  until  the  attack  on  the  Lys  in  April.  It  waa 
engaged  north  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal  (Givenchy,  Festubert,  southeast  of  Lacre), 
from  April  9  to  24.  The  losses  were  hea\'y',  including  700  prisoners.  The  360th 
Regiment  suffered  the  most  in  the  fighting. 

2.  It  was  relieved  on  the  12th  and  rested  in  rear  of  the  line  until  the  29th,  when 
it  returned  to  its  former  sector  at  Locre  until  May  3. 

3.  The  division  rested  near  Roubaix  (Bondues,  Wambrechies)  until  the  beginning 
of  July.  According  to  reports,  sickness  was  very  general  throughout  the  division 
at  the  time. 

La  Basseb  Canal. 

4.  On  July  14  the  division  entered  the  line  south  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal,  coming 
^•ia  Lille  and  Seclin.     It  remained  in  this  sector  until  October  2. 

5.  It  moved  southward  to  reenforce  the  Cambrai-St.  Quentin  battle  front  on  Octo- 
ber 7,  coming  into  line  east  of  Tilloy.  It  fell  back  toward  Valenciennes  through 
Escaudoewes,  Iwny  (Oct.  11),  Verchain  (Oct.  21),  Maing  (Oct.  24-25),  Famars  (Oct. 
27),  north  of  Le  Quesnoy  (Oct.  27).  It  retired  to  the  second  line  about  November  1, 
but  was  reengaged  southeast  of  Antoingt  on  November  9. 


The  10th  Firsatz  Division  wa.s  rated  as  a  third-class  division.     Its  ser\'ice  in  1918 
was  as  a  sector-holding  division.     It  appears  to  have  been  a  division  of  average  value. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AIIMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      191 


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192      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARJNIY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(First  District — ^Eastern  Prussia.) 

1915. 

The  present  lOtli  Landwehr  Division  (the  old  10th  Landwehr  Division  took  the 
name  of  the  Ist  Landwehr  Division)  -was  built  around  the  9th  Landwelir  Drigadc 
(Brandenburg),  which  was  brought  to  Koenigsburg  as  early  as  Augujst  14,  1914,  to  con- 
stitute its  war  garrison.  It  found  at  Koenigsl)urg  some  of  the  mobile 'depot  ])attalion3 
of  the  regiments  of  the  1st  Army  Corps,  from  which  came  the  three  Koenigsburg 
Ersatz  infantrj'-  regiments,  which  became,  respectively,  the  376th,  377th,  and  378th 
Infantry-.  The  present  372d  Infantn,'  is  the  former  Ersatz  infantrj-  regiment  of  the 
10th  Landwehr  Division. 

Poland. 

1.  These  troops,  at  first  fighting  in  eastern  Prussia,  took  part  in  the  campaign  in 
Poland  with  the  1st  Landwelir  Corps,  beginning  with  the  first  part  of  1915. 

2.  About  the  end  of  July,  1915,  the  division  took  part  in  the  offensive  against  the 
Russians,  forced  the  passage  of  the  Narew,  and  advanced  east  of  A'ilna  to  the  region  of 
Vileiki  in  September. 

Lake  Narotch.  . 

3.  After  the  front  was  stabilized  it  established  itself  between  Spiagla  and  Lake  Svir, 
south  of  Lake  Narotch. 

1916. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  near  Lake  Svir  until  July,  1916. 

VOLHYXIA. 

2.  About  July  27  the  units  of  the  division  were  relieved  from  the  front  of  Lake 
Narotch  and  sent  to  Volhynia  to  the  Yon  Linsingen  Army.  The  9th  Landwehr  Brigade 
became  independent  and  did  not  follow  the  division,  which  was  reduced  to  three 
regiments.  These  were  engaged  on  the  banks  of  the  Stokhod  at  the  end  of  July  at 
Lokatchi  and  Kachovka  and  remained  in  line  in  the  region  of  Kisselin  and  Sviniouki 
until  the  beginning  of  1918 

1917. 
Volhynia. 

1.  January  to  December,  1917,  in  the  Kisselin-Sviniouki  sector. 

2.  In  November,  1917,  the  three  regiments  of  the  division  furnished  60  men  per 
company  for  the  Western  Front,  picked  from  the  strongest,  and  received  in  exchange 
older  men.  In  October,  16  men  per  company  had  already  been  transferred  to  the 
14th  Division  following  the  latter's  losses  on  the  Ainse. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  is  suflSciently  homogeneous,  the  regiments  as  a  rule  coming  from  eastern 
Prussia.  However,  the  necessity  of  filling  up  the  ranks  before  being  sent  to  France 
brought  it  a  number  of  men  from  other  Provinces. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

In  spite  of  its  drafts,  which  are  good,  and  the  large  number  of  officers,  many  of  whom 
are  in  the  active  army,  the  division  remained  on  the  Eastern  Front  until  March,  1918. 
Up  to  the  present  time  it  has  received  no  training  with  a  view  to  warfare  on  the  Western 
Front,  and  must  be  considered  for  the  time  Ijeing  as  of  mediocre  value  (.VprU,  1918). 
Tlie  men  of  more  than  35  years  of  age  were  left  in  Russia  as  abruestungs  kommando 
(cleaning  up  and  salvage). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     193 

1918. 
Second  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

1.  On  June  3  the  division  entrained  in  the  Woevre  and  traveled  via  Conflans-Sedan- 
Mezieres-Laon  to  Malmaison,  where  it  detrained  on  June  4.  It  marched  to  the  front 
via  Fiames,  Fere  en  Tardenois,  and  Fresnes.  It  came  into  line  on  the  Marne  near 
Mont  St.  Pere  about  June  10.  Here  it  was  in  line  until  July  15,  when  it  dropped  back 
to  permit  an  attacking  division  to  pass  through.  In  the  retreat  the  division  again 
came  into  line  a  few  days  later  and  was  heavily  engaged  on  the  defense  until  about 
August  1. 

2.  Heavy  losses,  including  300  prisoners  on  July  23,  led  to  the  dissolution  of  the 
division.  Its  effectives  were  turned  into  other  fresh  di\-isions.  The  372d,  377th,  and 
378th  went  to  the  37th  Division,  36th  Division,  and  201st  Division  in  the  order  named. 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division. 
125651°— 20 13 


194     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     195 

HISTORY. 

(16th  Bavarian:  Mrst  Bavarian  District — Lower  Bavaria.     6th  Reserve    Bavarian 
and  8th  Reserve  Bavarian:  Second  Bavarian  District — Bavarian  Palatinate.) 

1915. 

This  division  was  organized  in  Belgium  in  March,  1915.  Its  three  infantry  regi- 
ments were  drawn  from  already  existing  Bavarian  di\'isions — the  16th  Ba^'a^ian  from 
the  Ist  Bavarian  Division,  the  6th  Reserve  Bavarian  from  the  5th  Bavarian  Reserve 
Division,  and  the  8th  Bavarian  Reserves  from  the  4th  Bavarian  Division. 

1.  In  April  ,1915,  the  division  was  in  the  region  of  Tournai. 

SOMME. 

2.  In  May  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Lihons-Estrees  road  to  Foucaucourt,  which  it 
occupied  until  the  Franco-British  offensive  of  1916. 

3.  In  October  some  units  of  the  division  were  sent  as  reinforcements  to  Neuville- 
St.  Vaast  and  to  Champagne. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  Remained  in  the  Foucaucourt-Lihons  sector  until  the  middle  of  June,  1916. 

2.  At  the  end  of  June  it  was  sent  south  of  Bapaume  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the 
Somme  near  Contalmaison,  Bazentin  le  Petit,  and  Longueval  from  July  1  to  the  end 
oi  July,  The  6th  Reserve  Infantry  suffered  heavily.  Its  2d  Battalion  lost  11  oflBcers 
and  724  men  (casualty  lists). 

Galicl\. 

3.  About  the  middle  of  August  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Eastern  Front  (Stanislau) 
and  the  trip  lasted  from  August  13  to  18. 

BUKOVINA. 

4.  September  and  October:  Bukovina  (Doma-Vatra,  Kirlibaba.  west  of  Mont 
Capoul).     It  fought  against  the  right  wing  of  the  Roumanian  Army. 

Transylvania. 

5.  From  November,  1916,  to  the  end  of  January,  1917,  it  held  the  sector  of  Tolgyes 
in  Transylvania. 

1917. 
Galicl\. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  February,  1917,  the  division  left  the  Roumanian  front  and 
went  to  Galicia  (sector  of  Zaiosce)  from  February  to  May,  being  attached  to  the  2d 
Austro-Hungarian  Army. 

France. 

2.  In  May  the  division  returned  to  France,  via  Zloczow  (May  19),  Lemberg,  Cracow, 
Breslau,  Frankfort  on  Main,  Treves. 

Alsace. 

Detrained  about  May  25  in  the  region  of  Mulhouse;  then  was  sent  to  rest  and  training 
in  Upper  Alsace  at  the  beginning  of  June  and  sent  to  Belgium  (June  12  to  14). 
Flanders. 

3.  Fought  south  of  the  Ypres-Comines  canal  where  it  opposed  the  attack  of  July  31. 
It  then  went  to  the  region  of  Catelet  (sector  of  Gonnelieu)  from  August  12  to  the 
end  of  September.     It  was  near  Becelaere  in  October. 

Russia. 

4.  At  the  end  of  October  it  was  again  sent  to  the  Eastern  Front.  After  a  few  weeks' 
rest  at  Brest  Litovsk  it  returned  to  France  without  having  fought.  Entrained  Novem- 
ber 22  at  Brest  Litovsk  and  detrained  in  Lorraine  the  27th.  Itineran,-:  Warsaw- 
Posen  Erfurt. 

Lorraine. 

5.  On  November  29  to  30  it  went  into  line  in  the  forest  of  Bezange  and  was  relieved 
in  the  middle  of  January,  1918. 


196     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The  16th  Infantn*:  Lower  Bavaria.  The  two  other  regiments:  Bavarian  Palan- 
tinate. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  greater  part  of  the  division  is  composed  of  young  men.  It  does  not  seem  to 
have  suffered  any  losses  for  a  long  time.  However,  its  morale  seems  to  have  been 
shaken  at  times.  When  it  was  sent  from  St.  Quentin  to  Ypres  at  the  end  of 
September,  1917,  it  is  believed  that  the  officers  of  the  16th  Infantn,-  had  trouble  in 
preventing  a  mutiny.     (British  Information  Bulletin,  Oct.  12,  1917.) 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  in  the  Vosges  on  May  13  and  rested  near  Dieuze  until 
May  30.  It  entrained  and  moved  by  Metz  and  Sedan,  Charle^•ille.  Liart.  and  de- 
trained near  Laon  on  the  30th-31st.  It  moved  to  the  front  by  Bruyeres,  Braye  en 
Laennois,  Mont  Xotre-Dame.  Xeuilly-St.  P^ont. 

Battle  of  the  Ais.ve  and  M.\rxe. 

2.  It  was  reengaged  southeast  of  Troesnes-Passy  en  Valois  (on  the  Ourcq)  from 
June  5  to  July  18.  It  was  thrown  back  on  Rozet  St.  Albin  (July  20)  and  then  west  of 
Armentieres  (21st).     About  that  date  the  di\-ision  was  relieved. 

The  division  was  dissolved  in  August  and  its  units  sent  to  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserve 
Division,  11th  Bavarian  Division,  and  14th  Bavarian  Di\'ision. 

value — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  In  1918  it  saw  but  six  weeks  of 
active  fighting  before  it  was  dissolved. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      197 


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198      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(Sixth  District — Silesia.) 

1914. 
France. 

1.  The  11th  Division  belonged  to  the  6th  Army  Corps  and  detrained  at  Merzig 
August  10  and  11,  1914,  passed  through  Luxemburg  the  17th,  and  entered  Belgian 
Luxemburg  the  18th. 

2.  It  belonged  to  the  5th  Army  (Prussian  €ro%vTi  Prince)  and  took  part  in  the  battle 
of  August  22  at  Tintigny,  St.  Vincent,  and  Belle  Fontaine.  It  crossed  the  Meuse 
the  29th  below  Stenay,  passed  through  Varennes  and  Ste.  Menehould.  September?, 
at  the  high  point  of  the  German  advance,  it  was  near  Re^-igny. 

Rheims. 

3.  After  the  battle  of  the  Mame  it  established  itself  at  the  western  edge  of  the 
Argonne  (from  Binarville  to  Cemay  en  Bormois). 

Akgonne. 

4.  October  4  it  fought  at  Binarville.  Octol>er  21  the  22d  Brigade  was  at  Beine, 
east  of  Rheims.     The  2l8t  Brigade  remained  in  the  Argonne. 

1915. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January,  1915,  the  21st  Brigade  returned  to  the  Rheims  sector. 
Champagne. 

In  February  the  22d  Brigade  was  attached  temporarily  in  support  of  the  8th  Reserve 
Corps  on  the  Champagne  front  (east). 

2.  About  the  middle  of  June  the  di\'ision  went  to  Artois  to  reinforce  the  6th  Army 
in  preparation  for  the  French  offensive. 

SOUCHEZ. 

3.  At  the  end  of  June  it  held  the  sector  north  of  Souchez,  east  of  Neu\ille  St. 
Vaast.  It  executed  many  unsuccessful  attacks  on  Souchez  and  the  Chateau  of 
Carleul.  It  suffered  considerable  losses  during  July.  September  25  and  26  it  had 
more  losses  before  La  Folic.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  September  and  sent  to  rest 
in  the  region  of  Camljrai.  The  casualty  lists  for  the  10th  Grenadiers  show  432  killed, 
1,023  wounded,  64  missing;  total,  1,519  men.  The  losses  were  hastily  made  good 
from  Octol)er  5  to  14  by  replacements  "nath  less  than  three  months'  training  (oldest 
class  Landsturm  2d  Band  and  1915  class  men  who  entered  ser^'ice  in  July).  The 
9th  Company  of  the  10th  Grenadiers  received  in  this  way  at  least  119  men  and  the 
12th  Company  of  the  38th  Fusiliers  about  the  same. 

4.  During  the  first  two  weeks  of  October  the  division  went  into  line  in  the  sector 
astride  the  Somme. 

1916. 
Frise. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January,  1916,  the  division  took  part  in  the  attack  which  ended 
in  the  t.aking  of  the  village  of  Frise  and  suffered  very  heavy  losses. 

2.  On  May  25  it  was  relieved,  and  a  short  time  afterwards  took  over  the  sector 
south  of  the  Amiens-St.  Quentin  road.  (At  the  end  of  June  the  first  1917-class  sol- 
diers arrived  with  older  classes  put  back,  taken  from  the  mines  and  factories  of 
Silesia.) 

Somme. 

3.  In  this  sector  it  opposed  the  French  attack  of  July  1  and  days  follo^^ing.  It 
suffered  heavily  and  lost  a  large  number  of  prisoners  to  the  French.  (The  11th 
Grenadiers,  whose  battalions  had  fought  in  three  different  places,  separated  from 
the  rest  of  the  division,  had  to  have  at  least  181  replacements  to  complete  the  11th 
Company.     They  arrived  from  July  6  to  20.) 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     199 

4.  It  was  withdrawn  from  this  sector  about  the  end  of  July  and  sent  to  the  region 
of  St.  Quentin  to  be  reorganized. 

5.  On  August  1  the  division  took  over  the  trenches  in  the  sector  Andechy- 
Beuvraignes. 

SOMME. 

6.  September  4  it  again  went  in  to  the  battle  of  the  Somme  between  Deniecourt 
and  Yermandovillers.  During  these  two  actions  in  the  Somme  it  suffered  83  per 
cent  losses. 

7.  Relieved  October  10  and  took  over  the  sector  of  Prunay  the  24th,  which  it  held 
until  December  12,  then  went  to  rest  dear  St.  Quentin.  The  11th  Grenadiers  left 
the  division  in  October  and  were  transferred  to  the  101st  Di\dsion  in  Macedonia. 

1917. 

1.  On  January  4,  1917,  the  division  went  into  line  in  the  sector  of  Lassigny,  then 
on  February  10  in  the  sector  of  Ablaincourt,  south  of  the  Somme. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  the  month  of  March  the  division  retreated,  with  the  other 
German  forces  engaged  in  the  Somme,  to  the  Hindenburg  line. 

3.  March  29  it  was  sent  to  the  Arras  front. 
Artois. 

April  19  it  opposed  south  of  the  Scarpe  the  first  shock  of  the  British  attack.  In 
spite  of  a  desperate  defense  it  was  routed  and  lost  2,200  prisoners  to  the  British.  The 
51st  Infantry  was  reduced  to  600  men  (prisoners'  statements)  and  its  12th  Company 
to  6  men. 

4.  On  April  11  the  divdision  was  relieved  and  reorganized  in  the  region  of  Bruges. 
It  received  replacements  especially  from  the  623d  Infantry,  which  was  dissolved, 
organized,  and  trained  at  the  camp  at  Neuhammer. 

Flanders. 

5.  At  the  beginning  of  June  it  was  in  support  of  the  Wytschaete-Messines  front 
when  the  British  attacked.  It  then  held  this  sector  until  June  26  and  suffered  heavy 
losses  again  (June  8  and  9). 

WOEVRE. 

6.  After  a  few  days'  rest  it  was  sent  to  Metz  and  then  put  in  line  in  the  sector  of 
FUrey  (in  Haye),  end  of  July  to  September  15. 

7.  Relieved  about  the  middle  of  September,  and  in  October  took  over  a  sector  on 
the  Champagne  front. 

Flanders. 

8.  At  the  end  of  October  it  was  sent  to  Flanders  and  went  into  line  near  Passchen- 
deale.  Withdrawn  at  the  end  of  December  and  went  to  the  rear  of  the  front  in  the 
region  of  Maubeuge. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  was  recruited  in  the  regions  of  Breslau,  Glatz,  and  Schweidnitz  from 
a  German  population.  The  Poles,  therefore,  coming  from  the  Province  of  Silesia, 
are  in  the  minority.  The  Sixth  District  is  thickly  populated  and  was  able  by  itself 
to  maintain  the  division  even  during  the  period  of  heavy  losses. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

In  spite  of  the  heav\-  losses  suffered  at  the  Somme,  Arras,  and  Wytschaete  the 
division  always  fought  well.  Its  value  is  diminished  by  the  presence  of  a  certain 
number  of  Poles  who  were  generally  ready  to  desert  when  they  had  a  chance.  Lieut. 
Col.  Schwerck,  commanding  the  51st  Infantry,  received  the  order  "Pour  le  Merite" 
after  the  battle  of  Anus.  This  reward,  which  has  been  given  to  only  six  other  regi- 
mental commanders,  seems  to  prove  that  the  fighting  value  of  the  11th  Division  at 
Arras  in  April,  1917,  was  greatly  appreciated  by  the  German  High  Command. 


200      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  11th  Division  rested  first  in  the  Maubeuge  region,  and  later  near  Charle\ille 
and  Laon  for  about  two  months.  About  March  1  it  relieved  the  51st  Reserve  Division 
in  the  Butte  de  Mesnil.  Here  nothing  except  minor  trench  raids  was  attempted. 
Most  of  the  older  men  were  exchanged  for  young  ones.  It  was  relieved  by  the  88th 
Di^-ision  April  15. 

Lassigny. 

2.  April  20  it  relieved  elements  of  the  34th  and  37th  Divisions  south  of  Dives. 
(east  of  Lassigny) .  It  was  relieved  by  the  202d  Division  during  the  night  of  May  22-23. 
It  rested  then  for  about  10  days  in  the  Guiscard  region. 

MONTDIDIER. 

3.  June  9  it  reinforced  the  ^lontdidier-Noyon  battle  front  south  of  Thiescourt 
(west  of  Noyon).  It  attacked  the  first  day  of  the  offensive  as  an  attack  division.  It 
attacked  on  a  front  of  1,500  yards,  with  Compiegne  as  its  final  objective  (its  orders 
were  captured),  but  did  poorly,  succeeding  only  in  reaching  Machemont — less  than 
half  way.  In  this  engagement  it  suffered  hea\'y  losses.  It  was  withdrawn  the  16th 
and  went  to  rest  in  the  Guiscard  region,  where  it  received  some  1,300  replacements. 

4.  The  di\ision  relieved  the  222d  Di\'ision  near  Rubescourt  (south  of  Montdidier) 
July  19.  In  the  fighting  which  followed,  the  di\-ision  lost  heaA-ily.  The  10th  Regi- 
ment received  300  replacements  August  2;  relieved  about  the  12th. 

5.  It  reentered  line  near  Varesnes  the  22d  and  was  ^vithdrawn  the  28th. 

St.  Quentin. 

6.  September  8  it  came  back  into  line  southwest  of  St.  Quentin  near  Jussy.  It 
was  withdra-\vn  about  the  20th. 

7.  Four  days  later  the  division  was  identified  north  of  St.  Quentin  in  the  Gricourt 
sector;  withdrawn  the  2d  of  October. 

8.  It  came  back  into  line  about  the  12th  near  Barisis  (south  of  LaFere).  The  divi- 
sion took  part  in  the  general  German  retirement  and  was  identified  successively  at 
Remies,  Mesbrecourt,  Lea  Ferte-Che^Tesis,  Monceau  le  Neuf,  Le  Herie  la  A'ie\ille,  St. 
Algis,  and  Champ  Bouvier.     It  was  still  in  line  when  the  armistice  was  signed. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  11th  is  rated  as  a  good  second-class  division.  It  did  not  do  well  in  the  battle 
of  the  Oise,  but  everywhere  else  its  conduct  under  fire  was  characterized  by  consid- 
rable  tenacity.  Losses  were  very  hea\'y.  Numerous  cases  of  desertion,  especially 
to  the  interior;  a  large  number  of  replacements — returned  prisoners  from  Russia — 
are  said  to  have  mutinied  at  Breslau. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      201 


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202      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(Sixth  District— Silesia.) 

1914. 

France. 

1.  This  division,  with  the  12th  Reserve  Division,  formed  the  (ith  Reserve  Corps. 

Lorraine-Meuse. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  it  belonged  to  the  5th  Army  \^ Prussian  Crown  Prince). 
Fought  at  Arrancy  from  August  22  to  25;  crossed  the  Meuse  the  21st  of  September. 
Fought  in  the  region  of  Cierges  September  2;  advanced  nearly  to  Triaucourt  Septem- 
ber 9  and  retreated  through  the  east  of  the  Argonne  near  Montfaucon  September  11 
to  17. 

3.  At  the  end  of  September  it  established  itself  at  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Argonne 
(Varennes-Malancourt  wood).     It  occupied  this  region  until  the  ^'erdun  offensive  in 

February,  1916. 

1915. 

1.  January  to  December,  1915,  the  division  held  the  sector  of  Alalancourt  wood, 
south  of  Montfaucon,  in  Argonne.  In  April  the  11th  Reserve  Infantry  was  trans- 
ferred to  form  the  117th  Division. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  In  February,  1916,  when  the  battle  of  Verdun  commenced,  the  division  waa  still 
in  its  sector  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse. 

2.  In  March  it  fought  near  Bethencourt.  It  took  this  village  April  9.  Relieved 
about  May  15  after  suffering  very  heavy  losses  (68  per  cent  of  its  infantry). 

3.  Sent  to  rest  and  reorganized  with  replacements  from  the  1916  class. 

SOMME. 

4.  It  was  at  first  army  reserve  in  the  region  of  Cambrai  at  the  beginning  of  June. 
Then  a  huny  call  was  sent  for  the  division  June  27  and  it  went  into  the  battle  of 
the  Somme. 

5.  July  2  to  3  it  relieved  some  units  of  the  12th  Division  and  10th  Bavarian  Division 
on  the  front  Hardecourt  to  the  Somme  and  suffered  enormous  losses  from  July  2  to  9. 

6.  Received  replacements  July  10  and  suffered  again  heavily  between  the  10th  and 
20th  in  the  same  region.     It  was  withdrawn  from  the  Somme  front  about  July  24. 

Flanders. 

7.  Reconstituted  again  w4th  replacements  from  the  depots  of  the  12th  Army  Corps 
and  sent  at  the  end  of  July  and  beginning  of  August  to  the  east  of  Armentieres,  south 
of  the  Lys,  and  held  this  sector  until  September  20  to  27. 

Somme. 

8.  At  the  end  of  September  the  di\Tsion  returned  to  the  Somme,  between  the 
Somme  and  Barleux.  It  opposed  the  attack  of  the  French  October  18  to  19  in  the 
sector  of  Biaches. 

9.  The  division  was  relieved  from  the  Somme  area  at  the  beginning  of  November. 

Artois. 

10.  Sent  to  Artois  and  went  into  line  at  the  beginning  of  December  in  the  sector 
of  Lens,  between  Loos  and  Lievin. 

1917. 

1.  About  March  24  to  25,  1917,  the  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Artois  front. 

2.  In  line  for  six  weeks  between  Cambrai  and  St.  Quentin,  in  the  sector  Bellicourt- 
BellengLise,  from  the  end  of  March  to  May  10.  Returned  about  May  14  to  15  to  the 
region  of  Lens,  where  it  stayed  until  August  20.  (Attack  of  the  Canadians  on  its 
right  flank  Aug.  15.) 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     203 

Aktois-Flanders. 

3.  At  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Amand  (Artois)  at  the  end  of  August  and  beginning 
of  September.  Held  the  front  south  of  Lens  (sector  Frenoy-Ache\ille)  September  9. 
In  November  it  was  sent  to  Flanders  near  Passchendaele,  where  it  alternated  with 
the  12th  Reserve  Division  until  January,  1918.  At  rest  from  the  middle  of  January 
and  went  back  into  line  February  24  south  of  the  forest  of  Houthulst. 

RECRUITING. 

Silesia.  Drafts  from  other  districts — for  example,  the  fourth — to  counterbalance 
the  Polish  element. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

At  the  present  time  (February,  1918)  it  is  difficult  to  form  a  precise  opinion  of  the 
fighting  qualities  of  this  division,  as  it  has  not  been  seriously  engaged  since  the  battle 
of  the  Somme.  In  the  sector  of  Lena  and  Frenoy  the  heavy  losses  which  it  suffered 
from  gas  have  no  doubt  caused  a  certain  weakening  of  the  morale.  (One  company 
of  the  156th  Infantry  was  reduced  to  24  men.) 

In  Flanders  the  division  held  a  difficult  sector,  but  arrived  at  a  time  when  active 
operations  were  coming  to  an  end.  The  nature  of  the  ground  has  been  the  main  cause 
of  its  losses.     (Information  from  the  British,  Feb.  9,  1918.) 

1918. 
Passchendaele. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  south  of  Passchendaele  until  January  16,  when 
it  was  relieved  by  the  31st  Division.  It  then  moved  to  the  Oostroosebeke  area, 
where  it  underwent  a  course  of  training  in  open  warfare. 

Ypres. 

2.  February  24  the  division  relieved  the  199th  Di\ision  astride  the  Ypres-Staden 
railway  (northea,st  of  Ypres). 

Armentieres. 

3.  It  was  relieved  about  the  18th  of  March  by  the  extension  of  front  of  the  neigh- 
boring divisions,  and  one  regiment  was  identified  by  prisoners  as  having  reenforced 
the  front  south  of  Villers-Carbonnel  (southwest  of  Peronne).  This  regiment  was 
relieved  March  26  and  went  to  join  the  remainder  of  the  division  which  was  resting 
in  the  Turcoing  area.  April  9  the  division  reenforced  the  front  in  the  Croix  du  Bac 
sector  (north  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal).  It  was  withdrawn  about  the  16th,  after  losing 
hea\ily,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Laventie. 

4.  April  28  it  relieved  the  81st  Reserve  Division  southwest  of  Meteren.  It  was 
withdrawn  about  the  6th  of  May,  going  to  be  reconstituted  in  the  area  southeast  of 
Bailleul. 

5.  It  relieved  the  12th  Division  southwest  of  Meteren  during  the  night  of  May  18-19, 
remaining  in  line  until  June  7,  when  it  was  withdrawn  to  rest  in  the  Courtrai  area. 

6.  During  the  night  of  June  22-23  the  division  relieved  the  216th  Di\ision  in  the 
Locre  sector  (west  of  Kemmel).  Here  it  fought  until  a  day  or  two  before  the  armis- 
tice, when  it  seems  to  have  been  withdrawn. 

value 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  11th  Reserve  is  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  It  has  fought  a  great  deal 
during  1918,  especially  since  June,  and  has  lost  hea\ily.  Its  record  has  not  been 
brilliant. 


204      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     205 

HISTORY. 

(18th  Landwehr:  Twentieth  District — Eastern  part  of  West  Prussia.     75th  Landwehr 
and  76th  Landwehr:  Ninth  District — Schle8^vig-Holstein  and  Mecklemburg.) 

1914. 

Eastern  Prussia-Poland. 

1.  This  division  is  the  former  Von  Einem  Division,  which,  with  the  Jacobi  Di^•i- 
gion  (former  10th  Landwehr  Division),  formed  the  1st  Landwehr  Corps  on  the  Eastern 
Front  in  1914-15.  It  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Tannenberg  in  August  and  fought 
near  Lyck  in  October,  1914. 

2.  From  November  to  December  the  1st  Landwehr  Corps  held  the  defiles  of  the 
Masurian  Lakes,  the  33d  and  70th  Landwehr  Brigades  being  in  the  region  of  Anger- 
burg  and  Loetzen. 

1915. 

1.  In  February,  1915,  the  1st  Landwehr  Corps  was  identified  between  Mariampol 
.and  Suwalki. 

2.  From  March  to  August  the  Von  Einem  Division,  which  became  the  11th  Land- 
wehr Division,  was  in  line  before  the  fortress  of  Ossowiec. 

ViCHNEV. 

3.  The  offensive  against  the  Russians  brought  it  to  the  railroad  Molodetchno-Lida, 
near  Vichnev,  in  Septeml:)er.  It  established  its  positions  there  and  remained  more 
than  two  years,  from  September,  1915,  to  the  beginning  of  1918. 

1916. 

1 .  Vichnev-Krevo  sector. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  1916  the  424th  Infantry  was  assigned  to  the  11th  Landwehr 
Division,  which  had  gi^'en  its  5th  Landwehr  to  the  218th  Division  in  October. 

1917. 

1.  Vichnev-Krevo  sector. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

On  the  Russian  front  since  the  beginning  of  the  war.    Mediocre  quality. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  The  11th  Landwehr  Division,  which  was  still  in  line  south  of  Krevo  in  January, 
1918,  marched  to  the  east  in  February.  On  April  30  it  was  identified  in  the  Ukraine 
between  Kiev  and  Koursk.  About  the  middle  of  May  it  was  in  the  Soumy  region. 
A  man  of  the  75th  Landwehr  Regiment  wrote  on  the  16th  of  June:  "I  am  still  at 
Kiev,  but  I  tell  you  one  thing,  it  is  much  worse  here  than  in  the  trenches,  for  there 
one  has  the  enemy  in  front,  while  here  it  is  just  the  opposite.  The  people  are  so 
badly  disposed  toward  us  they  would  eat  us  alive  if  they  were  able,  but  they  can  not.'' 
Russia. 

2.  The  middle  of  July  the  division  was  identified  south  of  Moscow.  During  all 
this  time  men  were  taken  from  the  division  and  sent  as  replacements  to  the  Western 
Front. 

3.  Early  in  November  elements  of  the  division  were  identified  along  the  Danube. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


206     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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208      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(3d  Bavarian:  First  Bavarian  District.)    (22d  Bavarian:  Second  Bavarian  District.) 
(13th  Reserve  Bavarian:  Third  Bavarian  District.) 

1915. 

Organized  in  April,  1915,  in  Galicia,  in  the  Carpathians. 

Galicia. 

1.  This  division  belonged  to  Mackensen'a  army  during  the  offensive  in  Galicia  and 
took  part  in  the  capture  of  Przemysl  May  31,  1915. 

Bug. 

2.  Sent  north,  fought  at  Rava  Ruska,  and  reached  the  Bug  in  the  region  of  Cholm- 
Vlodava.     Withdrew  from  the  front  at  the  end  of  August. 

Serbia. 

3.  In  September  and  October  the  division  took  part  in  the  campaign  against  Serbia 
ynth  Mackensen's  army.  Crossed  the  Danube  October  8  to  11;  Valley  of  the'Morawa; 
region  of  Monastir  (November"). 

4.  Left  the  front  November  15  and  went  to  rest  in  Hungary  at  Weisskirchen  until 
the  beginning  of  February,  1916. 

1916. 
France. 

1.  From  February  9  to  10,  1916,  the  division  entrained  for  the  Western  Front. 
Itinerary :  Temesvar-  Szegedin  -Baja -Marburg -  Graz-  Salzburg-  Munich-Ingolstadt- 
Wurz  burg-Frank  fort  on  Main-Coblentz-Cologne-Liege-]\Ialines.  Detrained  at  Ant- 
werp February  15. 

2.  At  rest  in  the  region  of  Antwerp  until  March  1,  and  on  that  date  it  entrained  for 
Vouziers. 

Verdun. 

3.  Sent  to  the  Verdun  front  (sector  of  Avocourt  wood.  Mar.  8),  attacked  March  20 
and  22  and  April  11  and  suffered  considerable  losses;  75  per  cent  of  its  infantry  out 
of  action. 

4.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  June  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Thionville, 
then  sent  to  Cambrai. 

Russia. 

5.  June  14  it  returned  to  Russia.  Itinerary:  Solesme  Busigny-Maubeuge-Lifege- 
Aix  la  Chapelle-Hanover-Brest  Litovsk-Kovel. 

KOVEL. 

6.  Went  into  action  immediately  and  counterattacked  near  the  Kovel-Rovno  Rail- 
road and  suffered  heavy  losses. 

ROUMANIA. 

7.  In  October  it  took  part  in  the  Roumanian  campaign  (Valley  of  the  Jiul). 

1917. 
France. 

1.  Withdrawn  from  the  Braila  front  at  the  beginning  of  January,  1917,  and  again 
entrained  for  France  on  the  10th.  Itinerary:  Bucarest-Budapest- Vienna-Salzburg- 
Munich.     Detrained  the  22d  at  Barr  (Alsace). 

Alsace. 

2.  In  April  held  the  sector  Bumhaupt-Rhone-Rhine  canal. 
Aisne. 

3.  Sent  from  Mulhouse  to  Marie  April  26  to  28,  then  to  the  south  of  Laon  and  took 
over  the  sector  of  Cernay  May  5  to  6,  where  its  losses  were  due  especially  to  artillery 
fire. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     209 

4.  At  rest  in  the  region  of  Laon  June  6  to  August  3, 

5.  Coucy  sector  August  3  to  September  15.  The  division  did  not  have  any  hard 
action  here,  but  suffered  again  from  bombardment. 

6.  September  15,  at  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sedan  for  one  month. 
Flanders. 

7.  Entrained  at  Sedan  October  15  to  17;  detrained  at  Courtrai  October  18;  went 
into  line  the  22d  in  the  sector  of  Passchendaele,  where  it  suffered  hea'V'ily  from  the 
British  attack  of  the  26th.  Relieved  immediately  after  this  engagement  and  reor- 
ganized. 

8.  November  2  the  division  went  l)ack  into  line  south  of  Passchendaele,  but  did 
not  have  any  serious  actions. 

9.  November  10,  relieved  and  sent  to  rest. 
Cotes  de  Meuse. 

10.  From  November  18  to  January  12,  1918,  the  division  held  the  sector  Chauvon- 
court-Seuzey  north  of  St.  Mihiel.     It  took  part  in  no  infantry  actions. 

RECRUITING. 

The  whole  of  the  Bavarian  country. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

This  division  may  be  considered  good.  It  took  part  on  the  Eastern  and  Western 
Fronts  in  a  large  number  of  battles,  "Przemysl,  Verdun,  Argesul,  Filipesci"  (speech 
of  WUliam  II),  and  did  well  everywhere  (January,  1918). 

1918. 
Louvre. 

1.  The  11th  Bavarian  Division  remained  in  the  Seuzey  sector,  resting  and  being 
reconstituted,  until  relieved  by  the  82d  Reserve  Division  on  January  12. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  February  it  relieved  the  1st  Division  in  the  Etain  sector. 
This,  too,  was  a  very  quiet  sector  and  the  division  was  not  identified  by  contact.  It 
was  relieved  about  March  27  by  the  10th  Landwehr  Di\'ision,  and  remained  in  rear 
of  the  Verdun  front  for  a  fortnight.  It  is  probable  that  it  was  trained  during  this 
period,  but  the  fact  has  never  been  definitely  established. 

Armentieres. 

3.  The  division  was  then  sent  to  the  Armentieres  front,  where  it  relieved  the  214th 
Division  in  the  Neuve  Eglise  sector  (northwest  of  Armentieres).  April  13-14.  Here  it 
took  part  in  very  heavy  fighting,  especially  south  of  Mount  Kemmel,  and  suffered 
heavy  losses  as  a  result.  It  was  withdrawn  on  the  26th  of  April,  and  proceeded  to 
the  area  northeast  of  Ghent,  detraining  at  Wachtebeke  on  the  29th.  Here  it  was 
brought  up  to  strength  and  reviewed  by  the  King  of  Bavaria  on  May  20. 

SOISSONS. 

4.  About  June  3  the  division  left  the  Ghent  region;  it  was  identi^ed  in  rear  of  the 
front  in  the  region  of  Soissons  on  June  9.  A  few  days  later  it  reinforced  the  front 
near  Coeuvres  (southwest  of  Soissons).  It  was  relieved  by  the  14th  Division  on 
June  21. 

5.  After  resting  immediately  in  rear  of  the  front,  it  suffered  severe  losses  from  bom- 
bardment by  gas  shells  during  this  period.  The  division  came  back  into  line  in  the 
Courmelles  sector  (south  of  Soissons)  about  July  15.  July  18  it  lost  over  2,400  in  pris- 
oners alone.     It  was  withdrawn  about  July  22. 

Ypres. 

6.  The  division  rested  for  about  a  month.  It  was  reconstituted,  it  being  found 
necessary  to  dissolve  one  company  in  each  battalion.     August  26  the  division  relieved 

125651°— 20 14 


210      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

the  49th  Reserve  Division  east  of  Boesinghe  (northwest  of  Ypres).  It  fought,  taking 
part  in  the  general  retirement,  until  withdrawn  October  2,  after  losing  more  than  500 
prisoners. 

Ghent. 

7.  The  division  reinforced  the  front  near  Beveren  (southwest  of  Ghent),  and  had 
not  been  withdrawn  up  to  the  time  the  armistice  was  signed. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  11th  Bavarian  is  rated  as  being  in  the  first  of  four  classes  of  divisions.  It 
fought  well  during  1918,  but  not  brilliantly.  Its  losses  were  heavy,  but  not  in  com- 
parison with  other  German  divisions. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     211 


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212      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(6th  Corps  District — ^Upper  Silesia.) 

1914. 
France. 

1.  The  12th  Division,  forming  with  the  11th  Division  the  6th  Array  Corps  (Breslau), 
formed  a  part  of  the  5th  Army  (German  CroNvn  Prince)  at  the  beginning  of  the  war, 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  August  22  at  Rossignol  les  Bulles,  entered  France  August  24, 
passed  the  Meuse  above  Mouzon  on  August  28,  and  took  part  in  the  battle  on  Sep- 
tember 7  at  Laheycourt  and  Villotte  near  Louppy. 

Champagne. 

2.  After  the  battle  of  the  Mame  it  was  engaged  (Sept.  21)  at  Berru  and  at  Nogent 
I'Abbesse  (east  of  Rheims).  It  remained  on  the  Rheims  front  until  the  middle  of 
June,  1915. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1.  In  April  the  12th  Division  gave  the  157th  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  117th  Divi- 
sion, a  new  formation. 

2.  Toward  the  middle  of  June,  1915,  the  6th  Army  Corps  was  relieved  on  the  Rheims 
front  and  transferred  to  Artois.  The  12th  Division  then  occupied  a  sector  to  the  south 
of  Souchez,  from  which  it  was  relieved  toward  the  end  of  September.  In  the  Souchez 
sector  it  took  part  in  some  very  heavy  engagements  (1st  to  the  16th  of  July). 

3.  After  a  rather  short  rest  period  in  the  region  of  Cambrai,  the  division  took  its 
position  in  the  sector  which  crosses  the  Somme  (during  the  first  half  of  October). 

1916. 
Somme. 

1.  On  the  let  of  July,  1916,  the  12th  Division  received  the  entire  weight  of  the 
English  attack  north  of  the  Somme  (sectors  Contalmaison-Hardecourt)  and  suffered 
very  heavily  (losses  61.5  per  cent). 

2.  It  was  relieved  on  July  12  and  reorganized  in  the  vicinity  of  Cambrai. 

3.  About  the  20th  of  July  the  12th  Division  again  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the 
Somme  (in  the  sector  northeast  of  Pozieres),  where  it  suffered  heavy  losses. 

4.  About  the  9th  of  August  it  was  relieved,  and  on  the  21st  went  into  the  calm 
sector  of  Monchy  aux  Bois  (south  of  Arras),  which  it  held  until  October  16. 
Ancre. 

5.  The  12th  Division  then  held  (Oct.  25  to  Nov.  19)  the  sector  north  of  the  Ancre 
(Beaumont-Hamel)  and  suffered  heavy  losses  (Nov.  14). 

6.  It  was  transferred  to  Champagne  and  took  over  the  sector  of  Prunay  on  Decem- 
ber 12. 

Russia. 

7.  At  the  end  of  December  it  was  relieved  from  this  quiet  sector  and  entrained 
on  December  28,  at  Warmeriville  for  the  Russian  front  ])y  the  route  Aix  la  Chapelle- 
Cologne-Hanover-Luneburg-Hamburg-Stettin-Konigsberg-Tilsit-Chav  li  -  Ponieviej . 
It  detrained  southwest  of  Illuxt  on  January  2,  1917. 

1917. 

1.  On  the  Russian  front  the  12th  Division  did  not  take  i)art  in  any  important  bat- 
lies.     (Sector  in  the  r^on  of  Dwinsk.) 

France. 

2.  Relieved  about  the  end  of  May,  1917,  it  returned  to  the  Western  Front.  Itinerary: 
Jelowka  (May  27)  -Insterburg-Posen-Leipzig-Weimar-Cologne-Saarbrucken.  De- 
trained at  Metz  June  3  and  reentrained  on  the  9th  at  Arssur  Moselle  for  Mouscron,  by 
way  of  Metz-Luxemburg-Namur-Tournai,  and  detrained  at  Gheluwe. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     213 

1917. 

3.  It  remained  in  reserve  first  on  the  Wytschaete-Messines  front,  and  then  (Aug.  1) 
relieved  the  22d  Reserve  Di\i8ion  in  the  sector  east  of  Klein-Zilleheke  after  the 
Franco-British  attack.  In  this  sector  the  division  did  not  engage  in  battle  but  suffered 
greatly  from  artillery'  bombardments. 

Italy. 

4.  It  was  relieved  on  August  20  and  transferred  to  Alsace  for  reorganization  and 
rest.  It  remained  in  the  region  west  of  Bale  until  the  end  of  September.  It  was 
then  sent  to  the  Italian  front,  to  the  14th  German  Army,  where  it  was  engaged  in 
the  Tolmino  sector  on  October  25,  and  relieved  on  the  Piave  about  the  8th  of  December. 

France. 

5.  The  12th  Division  was  brought  back  from  Italy  to  the  French  front  about  Decem- 
ber 25.     At  the  beginning  of  January,  1918,  it  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  Zabem. 

RECRUITING. 

The  12th  Division  is  recruited  from  Upper  Silesia,  a  great  mining  and  industrial 
center,  which  suffices  to  insure  its  own  full  recruiting  and  even  helps  out  other  dis- 
tricts less  populated  or  temporarily  below  strength.  The  sending  of  these  men  out- 
side of  the  district  has  the  advantage  of  reducing,  in  its  own  regiments,  the  Polish 
element,  which  dominates  in  Upper  Silesia. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE.      • 

The  12th  Division  fought  well  at  the  Somme. 

It  appears  to  have  been  reorganized  during  its  stay  at  Zabem  (January,  1918).  It 
has  always  been  considered  a  good  division. 

1918. 
Lorraine. 

1.  On  January  24  the  12th  division  entered  the  Dome\Te  sector,  relieving  the 
233d  DiA-ision.  It  was  relieved  on  February  20  and  went  to  rest  and  train  in  Alsace. 
On  March  18  it  entrained  at  Froeschweiler  and  moved  to  Ath,  from  where  it  marched 
to  the  Gory-Belloune  area,  south  of  Douai  (a  march  of  40  miles). 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  On  the  23d  the  division  moved  to  Drury  and  up  the  Cambrai-Arras  road  to 
Vis  en  Artois,  coming  into  line  on  the  night  of  March  23-24.  It  attacked  on  the  24th, 
but  was  held  up  by  the  British  artillery  fire.  It  remained  in  line  until  April  1, 
making  little  progress  in  spite  of  heavy  and  costly  fighting. 

Battle  op  the  Lys. 

3.  The  di\T9ion  rested  in  the  suburbs  of  Douai  until  mid-April.  It  was  engaged 
northeast  of  Merris  on  the  17th.  It  appears  to  have  received  replacements  in  the 
interim.  The  divosion  passed  into  the  second  line  on  May  18,  after  suffering  especially 
heavy  losses.  In  recognition  of  the  service  of  the  12th  Division,  south  of  Arra.s  and 
in  the  Lys  battle.  Gen.  Lequis,  the  division  commander,  received  the  Order  of  Merit 
in  May. 

4.  The  division  was  at  rest  near  Renaix  (Belgium)  from  May  29  to  July  12.  It 
entrained  at  Audenarde  on  the  12th  and  moved  to  Perenchies  (via  Coutrai  and  Lille). 

Meteren. 

5.  The  division  was  engaged  south  of  Meteren  on  the  night  of  July  19-20;  here  it 
remained  until  August  28.  In  a  local  operation  on  August  18  the  division  lost  3(X) 
prisoners,  otherwise  the  sector  was  quiet. 


214      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Battle  of  Cambrai. 

6.  It  entrained  z.3a,^  Armentieres  on  August  28  and  went  to  a  point  north  of  Douai 
(Le  Foreat).  It  was  engaged  southeast  of  Morchiea  on  September  3,  and  in  the  days 
foUovring  was  driven  back  on  Inchy  en  Artois,  Marquion  (3d  to  13th).  By  the  end  of 
September  it  had  passed  Bourlon,  Epinoy,  Aubencheul  au  Bac,  and  Fressies.  The 
division  was  relieved  about  October  6.     The  division  lost  more  than  1,100  prisoners. 

7.  It  was  reengaged  on  October  11  southeast  of  Armentieres.  It  retreated  by  Lille 
(Oct.  20)  east  of  Tourcoing,  and  at  Helchin.     On  the  25th  it  was  relieved. 

8.  On  November  3  it  was  again  in  line  east  of  Joulain  and  remained  until  the  armis- 
tice.    In  withdrawing  the  division  passed  Maresches,  Jenlain,  Autreppe,  and  Blangies. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  It  was  actively  engaged  in  the 
spring  offensives  and  did  well.  After  the  middle  of  July  it  was  almost  constantly 
engaged  in  hard  defensive  fighting.  .i 


i 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     215 


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216      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

12ih  Reserve  Division:  (6th  Corps  District — Silesia). 

1914. 

The  12th  Reserve  Division  formed,  with  the  11th  Reserve  Division,  the  6th  Re- 
serve Corps,  formed  in  Silesia  at  the  time  of  mobilization. 
Meuse-Argonne. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  the  division  detrained  at  Sarrebruecken ;  fought  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Arrancy  from  the  22d  to  the  25th  of  August;  remained  at  Man- 
giennes  from  the  27th  to  the  30th ;  crossed  the  Meuse  on  September  1 ;  was  beaten  back 
with  heavy  losses  on  September  2  near  Cierges ;  was  at  Rarecourt  on  the  7th  and  near 
Triaucourt  on  the  9th;  spread  out  to  the  east  of  the  Argonne  upon  Gercourt  (11th 
to  the  13th)  and  Montfaucon  (Sept.  17). 

2.  At  the  end  of  September  to  the  end  of  October  took  up  its  position  east  of  Va- 
rennes  in  the  district  of  Malancourt-Chattancourt  and  toward  the  end  of  October 
took  its  final  position  north  of  Bethencourt  (southeast  of  Cuisy-Bois  de  Forges). 

3.  The  division  occupied  this  sector  until  the  German  offensive  upon  Verdun 

(end  of  February,  1916). 

1915. 

1.  January  to  December,  1915,  sector  north  of  Bethencourt-Bois  de  Forges. 

In  April  the  27th  Infantry  Regiment  Reserve  was  transferred  to  the  117th  Division, 
a  new  formation. 

2.  In  September,  1915,  elements  of  the  12th  Reserve  Di\-ision  (battalion  of  the 
23d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment)  were  detached  in  Champagne  (]\Iain  de  Massiges) 
to  reinforce  divisions  engaged  in  fighting. 

1916. 

1.  At  the  end  of  February,  when  the  Verdun  offensive  began,  the  12th  Reserve 
Division  still  held  the  line  in  the  region  of  Bois  de  Forges. 

Verdun. 

2.  On  the  6th  of  March,  1916,  the  division  went  into  action;  it  took  the  village  of 
Forges  and,  on  March  10,  the  Corbeaux  wood.     It  vainly  attacked  the  Mort  Homme. 

3.  It  was  ^vithdrawn  from  the  Verdun  front  in  the  middle  of  May,  after  suffering 
heavy  losses  (71  per  cent  of  its  infantry).  It  was  first  at  rest  in  the  Thionville  region, 
and  then  in  reserve  in  the  Cambrai  region,  at  the  beginning  of  June. 

SOMME. 

4.  On  July  2  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme  (sector  of  Montauban- 
Hardecourt).  It  counterattacked  near  the  Trones  wood  and  suffered  very  heavy 
losses.  It  was  relieved  about  July  14,  completely  exhausted.  (On  the  10th  of 
July  not  a  single  officer  remained  in  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  3Sth  Reser\e  Infantry 
Regiment  (letter).  From  the  17th  of  March  to  the  5th  of  July  the  5th  Company  of 
the  23d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  received  no  less  than  326  men  as  replacements). 

5.  On  July  15  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Maijancourt  region.  Elements  of  the  divi- 
sion still  remained  in  line,  along  the  Somme  near  Guillemont,  until  August  1. 

Flanders. 

6.  From  the  beginning  of  August  until  September  26-27,  the  12th  Reserve  Di- 
vision occupied  a  sector  north  of  the  Lys,  near  Armentiferes  (Warnetou-Messinee), 
where  it  once  more  suffered  losses. 

Somme. 

7.  At  the  end  of  September  the  division  was  once  more  on  the  Somme  front 
(Barleux-Berny).  It  remained  there  until  the  beginning  of  November  without 
suffering  any  great  losses. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     217 

Artois. 

8.  Transferred  to  Artois,  it  went  into  line  on  Vimy  Ridge  (sector  Vimy-Roclincourt) 
at  the  beginning  of  December.  It  suffered  fairly  heavy  losses.  At  the  present  time, 
17  per  cent  of  the  prisoners  from  the  5l8t  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  belong  to  the 
1917  class. 

1917. 

1.  The  12th  Reserve  Division  remained  on  the  Vimy  front  until  February  27^ 
1917. 

2.  It  was  resting  in  the  Avesnes  region  during  the  month  of  March. 

3.  From  April  9-12  to  May  24  it  held  the  lines  between  Itancourt  and  the  OLse. 
St.  Quentin. 

4.  After  a  fortnight's  rest  in  the  Guise  region,  it  occupied  (from  the  beginning  of 
June  to  Aug.  6-8),  the  St.  Quentin  sector  (south  of  Fayet). 

Flanders. 

5.  On  August  7  the  division  entrained  for  Flanders,  at  Fresnoy  le  Grand.  Dis- 
embarking near  Courtrai,  it  was  first  in  reserve  near  Passchendaele.  A  few  of  the 
elements  of  the  division  engaged  in  battle  at  Langemarck  on  the  17th  of  August. 
It  was  in  line  in  the  St.  Julien  sector  (northeast  of  Ypres)  on  August  20,  and  relieved 
on  August  24,  after  suffering  heavy  losses. 

St.  Quentin. 

6.  In  rest  at  Origny,  from  August  29  to  September  9,  the  division  then  occupied 
the  sector  southwest  of  St.  Quentin  (Sept.  9  to  Nov.  11-12). 

It  left  at  this  latter  date  to  occupy  the  front  south  of  Passchendaele  until  the  middle 
of  February,  1918,  being  relieved  several  times  in  the  interval. 

recruiting. 

Silesia,  especially  Upper  Silesia.  In  1916,  following  the  losses  suffered  at  Verdun^ 
a  great  number  of  the  replacement  troops  consisted  of  men  from  the  3d  and  4th  Corps 
Districts  (Brandenburg  and  Prussian  Saxony)  and  of  the  1916  class,  and  of  returned 
convalescents  of  the  9th  and  10th  Corps  Districts  (Schleswig-Holstein  and  Hanover). 
This  measure  was  not  only  dictated  by  necessity,  but  contributed  to  counterbalance 
the  original  Polish  element. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

At  Ypres  (August,  1917),  a  certain  number  of  men  of  the  51st  Reserve  Infantry  Regi- 
ment refused  to  go  into  the  trenches;  according  to  prisoners,  desertions  to  the  rear 
were  frequent,  especially  among  the  younger  men. 

The  combat  morale  of  the  12th  Reserve  Di\Tsion  may,  however,  have  been  re- 
stored during  its  long  stay  in  the  relatively  quiet  sector  of  St.  Quentin  (September 
to  November,  1917). 

1918. 
Flanders. 

1.  On  February  4  the  division  relieved  the  12th  Reserve  Division  in  the  Moorslede 
sector  which  it  held  until  February  14. 

Lens. 

2.  It  was  relieved  by  the  31st  Division  and  moved  south  to  relieve  the  17th  Division 
on  night  of  February  17-18.  It  held  this  front  until  about  April  10,  when  it  was  re- 
lieved by  the  9th  Reserve  Division. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

3.  The  division  reinforced  the  battle  front  at  Neuve  Eglise  on  April  13  and  fought 
until  about  April  25,  suffering  heavy  losses.  One  company  of  the  5i8t  Reserve 
Regiment  was  reduced  to  9  men. 


218      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

4.  Upon  relief,  the  division  returned  to  its  former  8ectf)r  near  Lens,  where  it  was 
identified  near  A\'i()n  on  April  27.  It  remained  here  until  June  14,  •when  it  moved 
north  and  entered  the  line  northeast  of  Hinges  on  June  17-18.  About  August  6,  the 
division  was  relieved  by  the  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division. 

Arras. 

5.  It  moved  to  Douai  and  rested  until  its  return  to  line  near  Ecoust  on  night  of 
August  20-31  to  resist  the  British  attack.  Before  its  withdrawal  on  the  11th  it  had 
lost  nearly  900  prisoners. 

Lens. 

6.  The  division  rested  at  Cambrai  during  September  and  reentered  the  Lens  sector 
on  October  2.  During  October  it  was  engaged  at  Noyelles  (11th)  Wattines  (19th), 
and  Rumignies  (21st).  It  appears  to  have  been  out  of  line  for  a  few  days,  returning 
on  the  night  of  November  3-4  west  of  Orsinval.  It  was  at  Wargnies  le  Petit  (5th), 
St.  Waast  la  Vallee  (6th),  Bavai  (7th),  northeast  of  Taisnieres  (9th),  and  Yillers  St. 
Guislain  (11th). 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  appears  to  have  been  used  principally 
as  a  sector-holding  division  on  moderately  active  fronts. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     219 


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HISTORY. 

(56tli    Landwelir    Regiment:  7th     Corps    District — Westphalia.     87th    Landwehr 
Regiment:  18th  Corps  District — Hesse.    436th  Landwehr  Regiment:  15th  Corps 

District — ^Alsace. ) 

1915. 
Alsace. 

1.  The  12th  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  toward  the  end  of  April,  1915,  with  the 
elements  of  the  Landwehr,  which  were  distributed  along  the  Alsatian  front,  between 
the  Fecht  and  the  district  of  Cernay,  and  which  were  assigned  to  the  Fuchs  Division 
at  the  time  of  the  attacks  upon  Hartmannswillerkopf  (March-April).  The  active 
brigade  of  the  Fuchs  Division  having  left  the  Vosges  for  Champagne,  the  12th  Land- 
welir Division  grouped  these  elements  of  the  Landwehr  and  occupied  until  May.  1917, 
the  sectors  included  between  the  valley  of  Munster  and  Cernay.  On  the  2l8t  of 
December,  1915,  the  14th  Jager  Battalion,  attached  to  the  division,  lost  at  Hart- 
mannswillerkopf 840  killed,  wounded,  and  missing  (official  list  of  casualties),  and  was 
withdrawn  to  be  reorganized  in  Belgium. 

1916. 
Alsace.  , 

1.  Sector  Guebwiller-Cemay. 

At  the  end  of  September,  1916,  the  40th  Landwehr  Regiment  left  the  12th  Land- 
wehr Division  to  be  assigned  to  the  33d  Division.  It  was  replaced  Ijy  the  436th  Land- 
wehr Regiment,  which  had  been  formed  in  May  of  the  preceding  year. 

In  October  the  battalions  of  Jagers  and  of  the  riflemen  of  the  guard  and  the  9th  Bat- 
talion of  Jagers,  attached  to  the  12th  Landwehr  Division,  were  sent  to  Macedonia. 

1917. 
Alsace. 

1.  January-May,  1917.     Sector  Munster-Cernay. 
Galicia. 

2.  Relieved  on  the  Alsatian  front  about  the  middle  of  May,  the  12th  Landwehr 
Division  was  transferred  to  Galicia.  Itinerary:  Cernay-Stra.ssborg-Karlsruhe- 
Ludwigsburg-Munich,  Salzburg- Vienna-Lemberg-Zloczow. 

3.  It  occupied  the  sector  south  of  Brody  and  northwest  of  Zalosce  until  the  begin- 
ning of  1918.     It  took  part  in  the  attacks  of  July,  1917. 

In  the  course  of  the  final  months  of  1917  the  12th  Landwehr  Division  had  numerous 
troops  taken  to  fill  up  units  on  the  Western  Front  or  to  be  sent  to  the  227th  Divi- 
sion, 197th  Division,  or  the  33d  Reserve  Division.     - 

value — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  12th  Landwehr  Division,  which  was  on  the  Alsatian  front  until  May,  1917  and 
then  in  Galicia,  appears  to  be  of  mediocre  cjuality. 

1918. 

1.  The  history  of  the  component  elements  of  this  division  after  their  arrival  on  the 
Western  Front  is  uncertain.  Between  !March  and  June  the  56th  Landwehr  Regiment 
was  in  the  6th  Army,  the  436th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  in  the  2d  Army,  and  the 
87th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  in  the  18th  Army.  The  men  of  these  units  were  assigned 
to  various  kinds  of  police  work,  guarding  prisoners,  etc.  The  staff  of  the  division 
during  this  period  was  believed  to  be  in  Finland.  About  July  15  the  division  had 
been  announced  as  dissolved  by  the  French,  British,  and  American  general  head- 
quarters. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     221 

Alsace. 

2.  On  August  7  the  87th  Landwehr  Regiment  and  the  436th  Landwehr  Regiment 
were  joined  as  infantry  under  the  21st  Landwehr  Brigade  Staff,  Gen.  Hoffman,  of  the 
14th  Landwehr  Division.  The  56th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  also  identified  in  this 
region  and  the  division  was  regarded  as  reconstituted  in  October. 

3.  Later  identifications  disclosed  that  the  regiments  were  not  forming  a  division 
but  were  acting  independently.  The  division  was  again  classed  as  dissolved  about 
the  middle  of  October. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  third-class  division. 


222      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 

1916. 

It  was  formed  about  the  middle  of  the  summer  of  1916.  It  was  assembled  in  July, 
1916,  at  Grafenwoehr  Camp  (Bavaria),  and  remained  until  the  end  of  July  in  the 
Valley  of  the  Fecht,  and  then  entrained  for  the  Roumanian  front  in  October. 

ROUMANIA. 

1.  Composed  of  the  26th,  27th,  and  28th  Bavarian  Regiments,  the  division  took  part 
in  the  Roumanian  campaign  and  fought  in  the  region  of  Campolung  (October-November, 
1916). 

2.  In  December  it  took  part  in  the  operations  north  of  the  road  Buzeu-Rimnicu- 
Sarat. 

1917. 

FOCSANI. 

1.  Beginning  with  January,  1917,  the  12th  Bavarian  Division  remained  in  line  north 
of  Focsani. 

2.  In  August  it  took  part  in  the  attacks  launched  against  the  Roumanians  north  of 
Focsani  (from  Batinesci  to  the  Sereth)  and  suffered  very  heavy  losses.  • 

Panciu. 

3.  Sent  to  rest  after  these  engagements,  it  came  back  into  line  at  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber, south  of  Panciu  (Marasesti  Pistrict). 

4.  In  December  it  was  in  reserve  in  the  Focsani  District. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  is  recruited  from  the  whole  of  Bavaria. 

VALUE— 1917   ESTIMATE. 

It  was  on  the  Roumanian  front  from  October,  1916.     Its  combat  value  is  mediocre. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  entrained  at  Ploesci  on  April  30  and  traveled  vis  Bucharest-Craiova- 
Budapest-Dresden-Frankfurt  on  the  Main-Mainz-Mezieres  to  a  station  between 
Mezieres  and  Rethel,  where  it  detrained  after  a  journey  of  nine  days.  It  rested  near 
Vieil  St.  Remy  (20  kilometers  southeast  of  Mezieres),  until  May  24,  when  it  marched 
toward  the  Aisne  by  Chateau  Porcien,  Asfeld,  Avaux,  and  Neufchatel. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

2.  The  division  crossed  the  old  line  near  Berry  au  Bac  on  May  28  and  followed  the 
advance  through  Roucy,  Montigny  sur  Vesle  and  Lagery.  It  was  engaged  on  the  30th 
near  Ville  en  Tardenois,  with  the  Marne  between  Damery  and  Cumieres  as  its  final 
objective.  In  that  sector  it  stayed  until  July  13-14.  Losses  were  heavy  about  the 
end  of  May  and  the  1st  of  June. 

3.  It  was  in  reserve  in  the  same  sector  on  the  15th  behind  the  22d  Division,  on  the 
17th  it  attacked  and  until  the  end  of  July  took  part  in  the  struggle  for  Epernay,  toward 
which  the  division  got  as  far  as  the  Bois  Courton. 

4.  Upon  its  relief  on  July  26  the  division  marched  to  the  Ligny  en  Cambresis  area  in 
stages.  There  it  rested  until  August  29,  when  it  entrained  at  Solesmes  and  traveled 
via  Valenciennes-Condes-Ath-Ghent  to  Roubaix.  After  two  days*  rest  it  reentrained 
and  was  railed  via  Courtrai  to  Isegheim,  relieving  the  6th  Cavalry  Division  east  of 
Ypres  on  the  night  of  August  31-September  1. 


224      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Flanders. 

5.  In  this  sector  the  division  sustained  an  attack  by  the  British  on  September  28, 
It  was  thrown  back  on  Moorslede  with  a  loss  of  3,000  prisoners.  The  di\'ision  was 
relieved  on  October  1. 

6.  The  division  rested  at  Roubaix  until  October  17,  when  it  returned  to  line  south- 
east of  Ilerseaux.  It  continued  in  this  region  until  the  armistice.  The  last  identifica- 
tion was  at  Cordes. 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  third-class  division.  Its  morale  appears  to  have  been  low 
in  the  summer  and  fall  of  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR.     225 


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226      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  13th  Di\ision,  forming  with  the  14th  DivLsion  the  7th  Army  Corps,  was  a 
part,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  of  the  2d  Army  (Von  Buelow).  It  entrained  in  the 
vicinity  of  Eupen  from  the  9th  to  the  11th  of  August,  and  the  25th  Brigade  took  part 
in  the  final  operations  of  the  siege  of  Li^ge.  After  the  fall  of  this  place  the  di\'ision 
reassembled,  passed  through  WaATe,  Nivelles,  Seneffe,  crossed  the  Sambre  below 
Thuin  (battle  of  Charleroi),  entered  France  on  August  25,  and  left  the  26th  Brigade 
in  front  of  Maubeuge,  where  it  remained  until  the  city  was  taken  (Sept.  7). 
Champagne. 

2.  The  25th  Brigade,  going  forward,  fought  cast  of  St.  Quentin  on  the  29th,  and 
was  at  Montmirail  on  September  6,  where  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Mame. 
After  the  26th  Brigade  was  released  it  reached  Laon  on  the  10th,  and  on  the  12th  the 
entire  13th  Division  went  into  position  north  of  Rheims,  forming  a  part  of  the  7th 
Army  (Von  Heeringen).     It  remained  there  until  the  end  of  the  month. 

Artois. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  13th  Division  was  transferred  to  -\rtois,  where 
it  remained  until  the  end  of  March,  1916.  It  fought  in  the  sector  Angres-Souchez  in 
October  and  November,  in  that  of  Fromelles-Aubers  in  November  and  December. 

1915. 
Artois. 

In  March  and  in  June,  1915,  the  division  underwent  two  heaA-y  attacks  at  Neuve 
Chapelle  and  at  Festul>ert.  The  battles  from  the  6th  to  the  29th  of  March,  1915, 
cost  the  13th  Infantry  Regiment  21  officers  and  1,301  noncommissioned  officers  in 
killed,  wounded,  and  missing.     (Official  list  of  Prussian  casualties.) 

In  March  the  division  transferred  the  158th  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  50th  DiA-ision, 
a  new  formation.. 

1916. 
Verdun  (Hill  304). 

1.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  March,  1916,  the  13th  Di\-ision  was  sent  to  rest  in  the 
Cambrai  area. 

2.  About  the  5th  of  June  the  division  entrained  and  was  sent  to  the  Verdun  area 
by  way  of  ]\Iontmedy-Stenay.  It  went  into  line  in  tlie  sector  of  Hill  304,  which  it 
occupied  until  the  month  of  September. 

SOMME. 

3.  Transferred  to  the  Somme,  it  took  part  in  the  battle  on  September  12  (south  of 
Vouchavesnes-Clery  sur  Somme).  It  suffered  heavy  losses  there  which  necessitated 
its  being  relieved  on  September  19. 

4.  It  was  quickly  reorganized  in  the  Dun  area  and  put  back  in  the  sector  of  Hill 
304  (Oct.  10). 

1917. 

1.  The  13th  Division  remained  in  line  at  Hill  304  until  the  middle  of  May,  1917. 
It  was  then  relieved  in  this  area  and  sent  to  the  Aisne,  where  it  remained  at  rest  for 
three  weeks  near  Laon. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

2.  On  the  9th  of  June  it  began  to  take  over  the  sector  of  Cerny.  It  launched  an 
important  attack  on  July  31  upon  the  Deimling  salient,  but  was  not  aljle  to  retain 
the  ground  won.  On  August  2-3  it  attacked  again,  but  without  success.  The  13th 
and  15th  Infantry  Regiments  each  lost  600  men. 


DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      227 

St.  Gobain. 

3.  The  13th  Di\'ision,  very  much  exhausted,  was  relieved  dviring  the  night  of 
August  3-4.  It  was  transferred  by  railroad  to  the  St.  Gobain  area  without  ha-ving 
time  to  fill  up  its  regiments,  and  went  into  line  in  the  Deuillet-Servais  sector,  which 
it  held  from  August  10  to  September  17. 

La  Malmaison. 

4.  It  was  at  rest  in  the  area  of  <  'repy  en  Laonnois  (Sept.  20  to  Oct.  11).  The  division 
was  filled  up  from  the  recruit  depots  of  neighboring  di\dsions,  although  they  were 
not  Westphalians  (5th  Reserve  Division,  29th  Division,  and  103d  Division).  About 
the  11th  of  October  it  again  went  into  line  on  the  Chemin  des  Dames  east  of  Laffaux 
mill.  Beginning  with  October  15,  it  suffered  heavy  losses  from  our  artillery  prepa- 
ration. On  the  23d  it  imderwent  the  French  attack.  (Losses:  47  officers  and  1,548 
men  prisoners,  including  2  regimental  commanders,  a  third  being  killed.)  The  di\T.- 
sion  may  be  considered  as  exhausted  at  the  Mennejean  Farm. 

5.  It  was  sent  to  the  Sedan  area  and  reorganized.  About  November  10  it  received 
1,000  men  from  Russia  as  replacements  (men  at  least  35  years  of  age). 

Meuse. 

6.  About  December  18  it  occupied  the  sector  of  the  Bois  de  Malancourt-Haucourt 
(and  was  still  there  on  Jan.  23,  1918). 

RECRUITING. 

The  13th  Di^dsion  is  a  Westphalian  Division,  in  addition  to  contingents  from  the 
two  principalities  of  Lippe.  These  were  even  mentioned  with  honor  in  the  German 
communique  of  July  1,  1917,  a  thing  which  would  ordinarily  be  sufficient  to  identify 
the  division. 

It  is  manifest,  however,  that  in  1917  the  provincial  character  of  the  division  had 
been  very  much  changed.  The  replacements  of  Septeml)er  (1918  class)  were  taken 
from  the  recruit  depots  nearby  (5th  Reserved  Division,  29th  Di\ision,  103d  Di\-ision), 
and  introduced,  especially  in  the  15th  Infantry  Regiment,  men  from  Brandenburg, 
Baden,  and  Thuringia.  Some  Westphalians  came  in  October,  but  they  were  mostly 
older  men  (classes  1892  to  1903  of  the  Landsturm),  coming  from  Landsturm  battalion 
of  the  7th  Corps  District. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

In  the  Somme  battle  (September,  1916)  the  13th  Division  put  up  a  vigorous  defense 
and  did  not  jicld  any  ground. 

On  the  Aisne  (June-July,  1916)  its  combat  value  was  just  as  great;  it  attacked  vig- 
orously and  put  up  a  stubborn  resistance  to  our  counterattacks.  Besides  that,  it  is 
mentioned  in  the  German  communiques:  September,  1916,  for  its  valor  on  the  Somme, 
December  20,  1916,  and  January  25,  1917  (Hill  304);  Januaiy  29,  1917,  the  15th  and 
the  13th  Infantry  Regiments  are  praised  for  their  heroic  resistance.  It  may  be  con- 
sidered aa  a  good  division. 

It  must  be  noticed,  however,  that  on  October  23,  on  the  Chemin  des  Dames,  in 
spite  of  stringent  orders  to  hold  its  position,  the  13th  Division  put  up  very  little  resist- 
ance; units  surrendered  en  masse  with  their  officers. 

The  55th  Infantry  Regiment  is  probably  only  of  mediocre  worth  since  its  recon- 
struction after  the  battle  of  Malmaison. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  from  the  Verdun  front  about  February  6  and  went 
to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Arlon,  and  after  February  15  at  Valenciennes  and  Mons. 
It  marched  to  the  Somme  front  in  four  nights,  and  then  rested  at  Clary  for  two  days. 


228     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  P.VE'IICIPATED  IN  WAK. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  On  March  21  it  was  in  reserve  of  the  ISth  Division,  during  the  advance  toward 
Roisel.  It  was  partially  engaged  on  the  22d  and  23d  north  of  IMarquuix  and  Peronne. 
Two  days  later  the  entire  division  was  engaged  north  of  the  Sonime,  and  on  the  28th 
it  passed  to  reserve  near  I^Iorlancourt  until  April  4,  when  it  returned  to  the  battle 
front  for  four  days,  fighting  at  Dernancourt.  Again  the  di\-ision  retired  to  the  second 
line,  and  was  relieved  on  the  11th.  The  losses  of  the  division  in  this  offensive  were 
about  40  per  cent  of  its  effectives. 

AVKE. 

3.  After  10  days'  rest  (near  Maricourt-Carnoy  until  the  ISth  and  f'aix  until  the  22d) 
during  which  it  was  reconstituted  with  returned  wounded  and  1919  recruits,  it 
returned  to  line  on  the  Avre  (Castel)  on  April  23.  The  di\dsion  executed  attacks  on 
HUl  82  and  on  Hailles  on  April  24.  Other  local  attacks  occurred  on  May  2  and  14. 
It  was  relieved  on  May  18.     A  further  draft  of  1,300  men  was  received  on  May  3. 

Third  Battle  of  the  Somme. 

4.  The  di\dsion  rested  near  Montdidier  in  June,  probably  at  Moreuil.  On  July  1 
it  relieved  the  77th  Reserve  Di\'ision  northeast  of  Villers-Bretonneux.  The  British 
attack  on  the  Somme  threw  the  division  back  on  Mericourt  A\'ith  a  loss  of  2,769  pris- 
oners.    On  August  12  it  was  withdrawn. 

5.  It  was  in  reserve  near  Mericourt  during  the  middle  of  August.  On  the  24th 
it  was  reengaged  east  of  Albert  (Bazentin).  About  the  30th  it  was  withdrawn.  The 
total  loss  in  prisoners  was  3,400. 

Alsace. 

6.  The  division  was  moved  to  Alsace  for  a  rest.  It  entrained  at  Schlestadt  on 
September  29  and  was  moved  by  Strasbourg,  Metz,  and  Sedan. 

Battle  of  the  Argonne. 

7.  It  went  into  line  at  Monthois-Challerange  on  September  30,  remaining  until 
October  3,  when  it  went  into  support  near  Morel  until  the  8th,  when  it  fell  back  toward 
Bourcq. 

8.  It  was  in  support  between  Landres-Saint  George  and  Bautheville  on  the  15th. 
It  was  engaged  on  the  American  front  on  the  16th  in  the  Nanthe\ille  region.  It  waa 
in  line  until  the  30th,  when  it  passed  to  reserve,  but  returned  to  line  on  the  2d.  It 
continued  to  hold  a  sector  until  the  armistice.  An  epidemic  of  Spanish  fever  greatly 
reduced  the  nujnber  of  effectives  in  all  the  regiments.  The  13th  Regiment  had  less 
than  200  effectives  at  the  end  of  October. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  diA'ision  was  rated  as  a  first-class  division.  Its  performance  was  excellent  in 
the  March  offensive,  but  after  that  it  took  no  special  part  in  any  offensive.  At  the 
armistice  the  division  had  l)een  used  up  tlirough  losses  and  sickness. 


DnnSTONS  OF  GERMA'N  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICTPATED  IN  WAR.     229 


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230      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 

1914. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  13th  Reserve  Division  and  the  14th  Reserve  Divi- 
sion formed  the  7th  Reserve  Corps. 

Maubeuge-Aisne. 

1.  Assigned  to  the  2d  German  Army,  the  13th  Reserve  Di\'ision  arrived  at  Li^ge 
immediately  after  the  city  and  the  forts  were  taken  (Aug.  14);  reached  Namur  on 
the  25th,  and  took  part  in  the  siege  and  taking  of  Maubeuge.  ^^^len  it  was  released 
from  this  place  it  was  quickly  transferred  to  the  front  north  of  the  Aisne;  fought  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Pontavert-Craonne  on  September  15;  fought  near  Cerny  on  the 
16th,  and  took  its  position  on  the  front  of  Braye-Cerny  en  Laonnois  at  the  end  of 
September. 

2.  On  November  3  some  elements  of  the  division  were  engaged  at  Vailly. 

3.  The  division  occupied  the  sector  of  Braye  en  Laonnois  until  October,  1915. 

1915. 

1.  January-October,  1915,  the  diWsion  occupied  the  sector  Braye  en  Laonnois- 
Cemy. 

2.  At  the  end  of  October  the  13th  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  in  the  Laon  area 
and  transferred  to  the  north,  between  Charleroi  and  Valenciennes.  After  a  period 
of  training  in  November  and  December,  it  entrained,  about  December  25,  for  the 
Verdun  front. 

1916. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  January,  1916,  the  division  was  concentrated  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Damvillers  (right  bank  of  the  Meuse).  In  January  and  February  it  was 
occupied  in  preparations  for  an  attack. 

Verdun. 

2.  Beginning  with  February  21  some  elements  were  engaged  near  Haumont,  near 
Haumont  wood.  It  took  part  in  battles,  from  February  23  until  March  10,  in  the 
region  of  Samogneux  (sector  of  Vacherauville-Haudremont  and  Cote  du  Poivre).  It 
lost  51  per  cent  of  its  infantry  there. 

3.  From  the  middle  of  March  to  the  24th  of  October  it  occupied  the  same  sector 
of  Haudremont  (west  of  Douaumont) ,  and  only  took  part  in  a  few  local  engagements. 
It  underwent  the  French  attack  on  October  24  and  suffered  heavily. 

4.  Until  December  it  held  the  sector  included  between  the  road  of  Louvemont-Bras 
and  the  Chaufour  wood.  It  was  relieved  between  December  8  and  12  and  sent  to 
rest  in  the  Mar\-ille-Longuyon  area. 

5.  Transferred  to  Champagne  (Dec.  22-24;,  it  went  into  line  east  of  Rheims  (Nogent 
I'Abbesse)  about  the  29th. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  held  the  sector  at  Rheima  (east  of  La  Pomelle)  until  May  20,  1917. 

Champagne. 

2.  Concentrated,  at  this  dale,  in  the  neighborhood  of  Epoye,  it  relieved  the  ex- 
hausted 242d  Di\'ision  at  Cornillet  (south  of  Nauroy).  It  went  into  action  between 
Mont  C(jrnillet  and  Mont  ITaut  (about  the  end  of  May). 

3.  Between  June  8  and  15  it  returned  into  line  in  its  former  sector  east  of  Rheims 
(south  of  Ceruay),  where  it  made  several  surprise  attacks. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      231 

Verdun. 

4.  Relieved  about  the  end  of  August  from  the  Rheinis  front,  it  was  sent,  after  a 
few  days  of  rest,  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse.  On  September  24  it  attacked  east 
of  Beaumont,  in  the  Bois  le  Chaume,  and  suffered  very  heavy  losses.  It  made  another 
attack  on  October  10  in  the  same  sector,  which  it  held  until  October  12-13. 

5.  It  was  sent  to  rest  (Briey  area)  in  the  second  half  of  October.  In  November  it 
appeared  on  the  front  east  of  Verdun,  where  it  was  speedily  relieved. 

RECRUITIKG. 

The  division  is  recruited  from  Westphalia.  In  the  course  of  1917,  however,  a  great 
number  of  its  replacements  came  from  other  districts  than  Westphalia  (9th,  10th,  11th 
Corps  Districts). 

VALUE 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  13th  Reserve  Division  appears  to  be  of  mediocre  quality. 

It  suffered  heavy  losses  at  Verdun.  It  showed  very  little  brilliance  there.  During 
the  French  attack  of  October  24,  1916,  it  offered  little  resistance  to  the  hostile  troops. 

On  the  Rheims  front  (January  to  May,  1917)  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  operation. 
Quite  a  large  number  of  men  who  were  captured  in  the  course  of  raids  in  this  sector 
surrendered  with  little  resistance. 

However,  the  13th  Reserve  Division  did  not  fuiTush  a  single  prisoner  or  deserter 
during  its  second  stay  southeast  of  Rheims  (from  June  15  to  the  beginning  of  Sep- 
tember), and  on  the  Verdun  front  it  showed  itself  quite  active  (September  to  October). 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  in  the  Avrocourt  wood  sector  by  the  Bavarian  Ersatz 
Division  on  the  night  of  April  5-6  and  went  into  rest  liillets  at  Villers  near  Montmedy. 
On  the  16th  it  entrained  at  a  station  near  Montmedy  and  traveled  via  Carignan- 
Sedan-Charleville-Givet-Dinant-Namur-Charleroi  -  Ath  -  Melle  -  Ghent  -  Deyuze  to 
Thielt,  where  it  detrained  at  1  a.  m.  on  April  19.  After  10  days'  rest  at  Coolscamp 
the  division  marched  to  Getsberg,  and  was  to  have  gone  into  line  in  the  Dixmude 
sector  on  April  22,  but  was  suddenly  entrained  and  moved  via  Roulers  to  Beythem. 
From  there  it  marched  to  the  Ledeghem  area  and  rested  until  April  24,  when  it 
marched  into  line  northwest  of  Wytschaete  via  Menin-Wervecq  and  Comines. 

Ypres. 

2.  The  division  was  engaged  in  the  attack  on  Voormezeele  on  April  25.  After  three 
days'  heavy  fighting  it  was  relieved  by  the  49th  Reserve  Di\'ision.  After  a  few  days 
in  the  second  line  the  dix-ision  came  back  and  relieved  the  49th  Reserve  Division. 
It  remained  in  line  until  May  11.  From  the  11th  to  the  28th  the  division  rested  out 
of  line.  It  was  again  engaged  on  May  28  southwest  of  !Merris.  It  was  relieved  about 
June  12. 

Merris. 

3.  The  division  went  to  rest  in  the  area  east  of  Bruges  and  later  northwest  of  Ghent. 
It  returned  to  its  former  sector  west  of  Merris  on  July  9,  relieving  the  4th  Bavarian 
Division.  It  held  the  sector  until  July  27  when  its  heavy  losses  at  Meteren  caused 
its  relief  by  the  4th  Division.  Between  the  27th  and  August  IS  the  division  rested 
in  the  Douai  area. 

Ypres-Belgium. 

4.  In  line  the  18th-19th,  it  relieved  the  35th  Division  in  the  sector  east  of  Merckem. 
Here  the  division  continued  until  September  29,  when  it  was  ^\•ithdrawn  from  the 
line  north  of  Staden  after  the  loss  of  1,500  prisoners  and  severe  casualties.  It  rested 
two  weeks,  and  on  October  14  returned  to  the  battle  front  at  Cortemarck.     It  fought 


232      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

until  the  20th,  when  it  retired  for  10  days'  rest  in  rear  of  the  line.  On  the  30th  it 
was  reengaged  near  Deynze.  The  German  communique  of  November  1  and  2  men- 
tioned the  57th  and  13th  Reserve  Regiments  for  their  good  work.  The  division  was 
in  line  until  the  armistice.     It  was  last  identified  at  Nazareth  on  November  3. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  13th  Reserve  Division  was  rated  as  a  first-class  division.  In  1918  it  was  almost 
wholly  engaged  in  Belgium,  taking  a  prominent  part  in  the  Armentiers  offensive  in 
April,  and  in  the  defense  in  October. 


DmSIOXS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     233 


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234      DIVISIONS  OP  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(15th  Landwehr  Regiment:  7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.  GOth  Landwehr  Regi- 
ment: 21st  Corps  District — Lorraine.  82d  Landwehr  Regiment:  11th  Corps  Dis- 
trict— Thuringia. ) 

1915. 

Lorraine. 

1.  The  13th  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  in  Lorraine  about  the  middle  of  May, 
1915.  It  was  made  up  at  this  time  of  the  61st  Reserve  Brigade  (GOth  Reserve  Land- 
sturm  Battalions,  Cassel  and  Mayence)  and  of  the  GOth  Landwehr  Brigade  (the  GOth 
Landwehr  Regiment,  and  the  61st  Landwehr  Regiment).  These  elements  were 
already  in  line  on  the  Lorraine  front  before  the  formation  of  the  division.  The  71st 
Landwelir  Regiment  had  been  sent  on  August  10,  1914  (with  the  82d  Landwelir  Regi- 
ment) to  Strassburg  as  a  garrison.  The  GOth  Landwehr  Regiment,  beginning  on 
August  11,  was  guarding  the  railroads  of  Lower  Alsace.  The  60th  Infantry  Regiment 
had  been  engaged  in  August  in  the  Vosges. 

2.  The  13th  Landwehr  Division  occupied  the  sector  between  Abaucourt  and  the 
Bezange  woods  from  May,  1915,  to  February,  1917.  Except  for  a  few  raids,  it  remained 
on  the  defensive  during  this  long  period. 

3.  At  the  end  of  June,  1915,  the  82d  Landwehr  Regiment  replaced  the  GOth  Reserve 
Regiment. 

In  December  the  15th  Landwehr  Regiment,  which  had  formed  the  garrison  of 
Thionville  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  and  was  in  the  A'osges  after  a  stay  near  Mor- 
hange,  replaced  the  two  battalions  of  Landsturm  (which  had  been  formed  into  the 
115th  Landsturm  Regiment  in  July)  sent  to  Serbia. 

1916. 
Lorraine. 

1.  In  1916  the  division  held  the  sector  Abaucourt-Bezange  wood. 
In  August  the  9th  Jager  Battalion  entrained  for  Galicia. 

2.  On  September  15,  1916,  the  staff  of  the  61st  Reserve  Brigade  and  the  71st  Land- 
wehr Regiment  were  transferred  to  the  215th  Division,  a  new  formation.  The  13th 
Landwehr  Division  then  received  its  definite  organization:  15th  Landwehr  Regiment, 
60th  Landwehr  Regiment,  82d  Landwehr  Regiment  (4  battalions  each). 

1917. 
Lorraine. 

1.  Relieved  on  the  Lorraine  front  in  the  beginning  of  February,  1917,  the  13th 
Landwehr  Division  was  concentrated  in  the  Chateau  Salins  fi-ont,  entrained  about 
the  middle  of  February  and  sent  by  way  of  Metz-Longuyon-Montmedy-Sedan-Laon 
to  the  neighborhood  of  La  Ffere.  It  detrained  at  Versigny.  One  battalion  was  taken 
from  each  of  its  regiments  to  form  the  328th  Landwehr  Regiment,  destined  to  be  a 
part  of  the  25th  Landwehr  Di\'ision. 

2.  Until  March  18  the  13th  Landwehr  Di^ri^ion  did  work  along  the  line  Moy-La 
F^re-Fresne,  where  the  German  withdrawal  was  stopped. 

FoRET  DE  St.  Gobain. 

3.  On  March  19,  placed  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Ailette,  it  covered  the  retreat  of 
the  45th  Reserve  Division,  and  at  the  beginning  of  April  occupied  the  sector  Fresnes- 
Pr6montr6,  where  it  was  relieved  about  the  1st  of  May. 

OiSE  La  Fere. 

4.  After  a  fortnight's  rest  in  the  forest  of  St.  Gobain,  it  went  back  into  line  on  the 
front  south  of  Alaincourt  north  of  Douillet  (May  IG).  It  occupied  the  sector  of  the 
left  bank  of  the  Oise  initil  the  offensive  of  March,  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      235 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  13th  Landwehr  Division  is  apparently  considered  by  the  German  High  Com- 
mand as  fit  only  to  occupy  a  quiet  sector  (February,  1918). 

Shock  troops  have  been  formed  from  its  regiments,  but  the  men  aiii)ear  to  have 
been  trained  for  patrol  work  rather  than  for  making  genuine  assaults. 

1918. 

PiCARDY. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  about  March  24.  It  passed  the  night  at  Versigny,  and 
on  the  25th  reached  Laon,  passing  by  Crepy  and  Aulnois. 

Laon. 

2.  On  the  26th  the  division  came  into  line  south  of  Laon,  relieving  the  75th  Reserve 
Division.     It  was  engaged  about  Chevregny,  Chavignon,  and  Urcil  until  May  27. 

3.  It  did  not  advance  in  the  Aisne  offensive.  The  attacking  divisions  passed 
through,  and  it  was  withdrawn  and  transported  to  Lorraine  at  the  beginning  of  June. 

Battle  op  St.  Mihiel. 

It  entered  the  line  in  the  Woevre  in  the  Combres  Les  Eparges  sector  about  the 
1st  of  June  and  continued  to  hold  the  front  until  the  armistice.  In  the  American 
attack  on  the  St.  Mihiel  salient  the  division  lost  about  800  men,  principally  prisoners. 
It  was  pushed  back  to  Champion  and  Marcheville,  which  sector  it  held  until  Novem- 
ber 11. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division.  It  was  an  inferior  sector-holding 
unit  of  mediocre  morale. 


236      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      237 

HISTORY. 

(7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 

1914. 
France. 

1.  The  14th  Division  was  mol)ilized  at  the  outljreak  uf  the  war  with  two  of  its  three 
peace-time  brigades  (27th  and  79th  Brigades)  and  sent  its  28th  Brigade  to  the  7th 
Reserve  Corps  (14th  Reserve  Division).  The  27th  Brigade  (Cologne)  was  imme- 
diately sent  against  Liege,  where  it  attacked  with  the  five  other  brigades  of  five  different 
army  corps.  On  August  13  the  entire  division  was  before  Liege,  where  the  other 
division  of  the  7th  Army  Corps  was  on  the  14th.  With  this  latter  division  it  formed 
part  of  the  2d  Army  (Von  Buelow),  of  which  it  formed  the  right  wing.  It  entered 
Belgium  by  way  of  Wa\Te  and  Nie^^elles,  was  engaged  west  of  Charleroi,  entered 
France  by  the  valley  of  the  Oise  and  took  part  in  the  l)attle  of  the  Llarne,  at  Petit 
Jlorin,  southeast  of  IMontmhail. 

2.  At  the  end  of  the  retirement  it  stopped  at  the  Chemin  des  Dames;  was  sent  a 
short  time  afterwards  to  the  area  north  of  Rheims,  from  which  place  it  was  transferred, 
at  the  time  of  the  race  to  the  sea,  to  Lille,  with  the  entire  7th  Army  Corps  (at  the 
beginning  of  October). 

Artois. 

3.  Beginning  with  November,  1914,  it  occupied  different  sectors  around  lille. 
La  Bassee,  and  Lens  xiniil  the  spring  of  191G. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1.  The  losses  of  the  14th  Division  were  not  very  important  during  the  first  two  years 
oE  the  war.  However,  in  March,  1915,  and  in  June,  1915,  it  underwent  two  strong 
British  attacks  at  Neuve  Chapelle  and  Festul)ert,  wiiich  inflicted  heavy  losses  upon 
it,  following  which  it  had  to  be  reenforced.  From  March  7  to  March  12  the  3d  Bat- 
talion of  the  16th  Infantry  Regiment  had  no  less  than  589  casualties,  16  of  whom  were 
officers  (ofiicial  list  of  casualties). 

1916. 

1.  The  14th  Division  was  relieved  at  the  end  of  1916  from  the  Artois  sector  and, 
after  a  long  period  of  rest  near  Tournai,  was  transferred  to  the  Verdun  area. 
Verdun. 

2.  In  June  and  July  it  occupied  the  ]\Iort  Homme  sector. 

3.  At  the  end  of  July  it  crossed  over  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Mouse  and  held  the 
sector  of  Thiaumont  until  August  25,  where  it  suffered  heavily. 

4.  It  then  returned  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Mouse  (Cumieres)  after  a  short  rest .  It 
was  again  sent  to  the  rear  area  about  the  middle  of  October. 

5.  WTien  the  French  attack  of  October  24  broke  out  the  14th  Division  went  into 
action  north  of  Douaumont.on  the  27th. 

6.  On  December  16  it  suffered  the  shock  of  the  French  offensive  and  had  to  be 
retired  at  the  end  of  the  month,  very  much  weakened  (65  per  cent  casualties). 

1917. 

1.  After  a  mouth  behind  the  Verdun  front  the  14th  Division  once  more  took  over 
its  former  sector  at  the  beginning  of  February,  1917,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse, 
north  of  Chattancourt  (Cumiferes,  Mort  Homme). 

2.  Relieved  between  Apiil  14  and  20,  it  entrained  between  the  21st  and  the  25th 
at  Sivry  siir  Jtleuse  and  Vilosnes  and  was  transferred  to  the  Aisne. 


238      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

3.  After  a  few  days  of  rest  in  the  Marchais  area,  at  Sissonne  Camp,  it  was  brought 
back  to  the  front,  and  on  May  5  reenforced  the  sector  between  Ailles  and  ITurtebise, 
which  was  being  held  by  guard  di^isions  very  much  weakened  by  oux  attacks. 

4.  From  May  7  to  12  it  replaced  the  1st  Guard  Division  in  line  (west  of  Hurtebise") 
and  then  was  sent  to  rest  east  of  Laon.  It  remained  in  reserve,  not  taking  part  in  any 
action  as  an  entire  division. 

5.  After  a  rest  in  the  area  northwest  of  Liesse,  it  came  back  into  line  in  the  sector 
Ailles-Hurtebise  (June  20,  21)  and  there,  on  the  25th,  underwent  the  French  attack. 
It  lost  the  Cave  of  the  Dragon;  the  57th  Infantry  Regiment  lost  191  prisoners. 

6.  On  July  26  the  14th  Division  attacked  between  Hurtebise  and  La  Bovelle.  Its 
efforts  to  regain  the  positions  lost  were  futile.  (On  Aug.  1  the  1st  Battalion  of  the  56th 
Infantry  Regiment  was  commanded  by  a  first  lieutenant  (document). 

7.  At  the  end  of  July,  very  much  weakened  liy  its  losses,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the 
Vervins  area  and  reconstituted  (principally  by  men  of  the  1918  class  from  the  Bevelloo 
Camp").  Between  December  21,  1916,  and  August,  1917,  no  less  than  326  men  came  as 
replacements  to  the  9th  Company  of  the  5Gth  Infantry  Regiment. 

8.  On  September  17  the  14th  Di\'isiou  came  back  into  line  in  the  Laffaux  area, 
underwent  our  attacks  on  October  23,  suffered  heavy  losses  from  our  preparation  fire, 
and  left  to  the  French  the  greater  part  of  its  artillery  and  numerous  prisoners  (1,763 
men  and  43  ofhcers). 

9.  An  eye  witness  reckons  the  number  of  infantrymen  left  after  the  battle  at  not 
more  than  1,400  (letter).  It  was  filled  up  with  returned  wounded,  men  borrowed 
from  Landsturm  battalions  of  the  11th  Corps  District  and  men  coming  from  the  Russian 
front. 

10.  After  being  thus  reorganized,  in  the  Ver\-ins  area,  the  division  was  sent  to  Ilaye 
in  the  Flirey  sector,  where  it  was  engaged  from  the  5th  of  November  on.  It  was 
relieved  January  13,  1918. 

RECRUITINC}. 

The  14th  Division  is  recruited  princiiaally  from  the  Rhine  districts  of  the  7th  Corps 
District,  and  it  is  for  this  reason  that  it  is  called  "Troops  from  the  Lower  Rhine"  in 
the  German  communiques  of  July  27,  1917. 

This  region,  very  populous,  suffices  for  its  own  recruiting.  It  is  to  be  noticed, 
however,  that  in  the  course  of  the  year  1917,  in  spite  of  the  growing  tendency  to 
emphasize  the  sectional  character  of  the  large  units,  the  14th  Division  received 
replacement  troops  from  other  districts  besides  the  seventh;  in  May,  men  from  the 
Cth  Corps  District  trained  in  the  fourth  (class  of  1918);  in  August,  men  from  the  third, 
fourth,  and  eighth  (class  of  1918);  in  October,  Pomeranians  from  the  22d  Landwehr 
Division.  The  seventh  district  hardly  counts  except  in  the  replacements  of  October, 
with  convalescents  and  men  from  the  Westphalian  Landsturm  battalions.  The 
hea\'y  losses  suffered  since  December,  1916  would  explain,  to  a  certain  extent,  this 
falling  off  in  numbers.  It  may  also  be  that  the  morale  of  an  industrial  region  such  as 
Westphalia  had  been  sufficiently  shattered  to  make  a  mixture  ad^-isable. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

During  the  French'offehsive  of  December  15,  1916,  the  14th  Di-sdsion  behaved  very 
well. 

South  of  Ailles  (at  the  end  of  June,  1917)  it  attempted  to  regain  lost  ground  with 
great  tenacity.' 

It  put  up  a  strong  resistance  to  the  attacks  of  October  23. 

."The  14th  Division  is  a  good  division.  It  has  just  been  withdrawn  from  a  quiet 
sector  to  take  part  in  a  war  of  movement.  It  is  a  division  destined  to  attack.  "  (Jan. 
18, 1918 — note  from  the.lst  French  Army.) 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     239 

1918. 

1.  The  14th  Division  was  relieved  in  the  Flirey  sector  (east  of  St.  Mihiel)  by  the 
78th  Reserve  Division  during  the  night  of  January  13-14. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  After  having  gone  through  some  maneuvers  in  the  region  of  Mars  la  Tour  the 
division  entrained  at  that  place  (also  Chambley)  on  March  27  and  detrained  at  St. 
Quentin  on  the  29th.  It  remained  in  support  for  a  few  days  and  then  reenforced  the 
battle  front  west  of  Moreuil  (northwest  of  Montdidier)  on  April  4.  The  same  day 
attacked  Rouvrel,  but  could  make  no  progress.  It  suffered  severely,  and  was  with- 
drawn on  the  11th,  very  much  exhausted,  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Bohain,  where  it  was 
reconstituted,  and  went  into  intensive  training  for  open  warfare. 

AlSNE. 

3.  On  May  27  the  division  entrained  at  Bohain,  and  detrained  to  the  west  of  Laon, 
where  it  assembled  in  the  forest  of  Coucy,  and  followed  the  offensive  of  the  Aisne  in 
the  second  line.  It  crossed  the  Aisne  on  May  30,  and  marched  via  Cr^cy  au  Mont  to 
Hautebraye.  Its  objective  was  Vic  sur  Aisne,  but  it  was  completely  checked  with 
heavy  losses.    It  was  withdrawn  about  June  11. 

4.  On  June  14  it  relieved  the  51st  Reserv^e  Division  near  St.  Bandry  (southwest  (if 
Soissons).  It  was  badly  shattered  in  the  fighting  that  followed  and  was  withdrawn 
about  July  2. 

5.  On  July  16  the  division  reinforced  the  front  near  Osly-Courtil  (north  of  the  Aisne — 
west  of  Soissons) ;  it  was  withdrawn  about  the  26th  of  August. 

Champagne: 

6.  During  the  night  of  September  18-19  the  division  relieved  the  3d  Guard  Division 
southeast  of  Aub^rive;  it  was  withdrawn  about  October  12  and  went  to  rest  in  the  area 
north  of  Rethel. 

SOLESMES. 

7.  The  division  marched  by  easy  stages,  and  entered  line  near  Englefontaine  (east 
of  Solesmes)  during  the  night  of  October  25-26.  It  was  still  in  line  at  the  time  of  the 
signing  of  the  armistice. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  14th  Division  is  rated  as  being  in  the  second  of  four  classes.  Despite  its  two 
training  periods  (March  and  May),  it  did  not  distinguish  itself  on  the  offensive,  being 
decidedly  checked  at  Moreuil  and  Hautebraye.  On  the  defensive,  however,  it 
fought  tenaciously;  it  suffered  heavy  losses,  the  regiments  being  reduced  to  three 
companies.  There  is  evidence  supporting  the  view  that  there  were  not  more  than 
1,800  rifles  in  the  division  the  end  of  October. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     241 


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242      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(7th   corps    district — WESTPHALIA.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  14tli  Reserve  Division  belongs,  like  the  13th  Reserve  Division,  to  the  7th 
Reserve  Corps.  It  was  formed  from  the  Reserve  Brigade  at  the  Senne  Camp  and  from 
one  brigade,  surplus,  of  the  14th  active  division  (2Sth  Brigade).  One  regiment  of 
this  brigade,  the  39th  Fusiliers,  from  Dusseldorf,  appeared  in  front  of  Liege  on  August 
8,  while  the  rest  of  the  division  was  being  assemldcd  at  Dueren. 

Maubeuge. 

2.  Entering  into  Belgium  by  way  of  Vereiers,  on  August  10,  the  14th  Reserve 
Division  then  formed  a  part  of  the  2d  German  Army.  It  was  in  front  of  Namur  on 
August  21,  with  the  reserve  corps  of  the  Guard  and  the  11th  Corps.  After  Namur 
was  taken  it  went  to  invest  Maubeuge  with  the  13th  Division. 

AlSNE. 

3.  Set  free  on  September  7  by  the  fall  of  this  place,  it  left  on  the  10th  to  strengthen 
the  Aisne  front.  About  the  13th  of  September  it  occupied  the  heights  around  Cerny- 
en-Laonnois. 

1915. 
Aisne. 

1.  The  division  held  the  sector  between  Cerny  and  Craonne  (north  of  Paissy)  until 
the  beginning  of  November,  1915.  In  March  it  gave  the  39th  Fusiliers  to  the  5flth 
Division,  a  new  formation. 

2.  About  November  2  it  was  transferred  to  the  Charleroi  area  where  it  rested  and 
had  further  training. 

3.  At  the  end  of  December  it  was  sent  north  of  Verdun,  near  Romagne  sous  lea 
Cotes. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  In  January  and  until  February  20,  1916,  it  was  employed  in  works  prej^aratory 
to  the  attack  (Damvillers  area). 

2.  On  February  23  it  was  in  line  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse.  It  took  part, 
from  the  v'ery  beginning,  in  the  German  offensive  against  Verdun,  attacked  Samog- 
neux,  Poivre  Hill,  and  the  Hill  of  Talou  and  Vacherauville.  (On  the  3d  of  April,  the 
11th  Company  of  the  16th  Reserve  Infantrj'-  Regiment  had  already  received  more 
than  118  men  as  replacements.  On  May  14,  at  least  153  had  been  sent  to  the  8th 
Company  of  the  53d  Infantry  Reserve  Regiment.) 

3.  Until  the  end  of  December  the  14th  Reserve  Division  occupied  tliis  sector  (of 
the  Meuse  (Champneuville)  at  PoivTe  Hill).  On  December  15,  it  underwent  the 
French  counteroffensiv^e,  to  the  west  of  Douaumont,  which  caused  it  to  suffer  very 
heavy  losses.     Then  it  took  ov^er  the  sector  of  Hill  344  for  one  week. 

4.  The  division  was  relieved  from  December  22-25,  concentrated  in  the  Damvillers 
area  and  transferred  to  Champagne  where  it  was  reorganized. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1.  On  January  1,  1917,  it  went  into  line  north  of  Prunay  and  remained  in  this 
sector  (quiet)  until  October  22-25. 

2.  In  May  tlie  di\  ision  sent  some  of  its  elements  as  reenforcements  to  units  attacked 
at  Cornillet  and  at  Monthaut. 

Foret  de  Coucy. 

3.  It  entrained  on  October  26  atChatelet  and  was  transferred  to  the  area  of  Cerny- 
en-Laonnois.  On  the  28th  it  was  interpolated  between  two  divisions  (the  10th  Divi- 
sion and  the  27th  Division)  on  the  front  Bassoles-Fresnes,  in  the  upper  Coucy  wood, 
which  it  occupied  until  the  middle  of  February,  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      243 

UECIIUITINC. 

The  14th  Reserve  Division  is  recruited  from  Westphalia.  As  it  suffered  very  little 
in  1917,  the  di\'ision  probably  did  not  receive  in  the  course  of  that  year  the  hetero- 
geneous replacements  which  were  sent — perhaps  intentionally — to  the  other  West- 
phalian  di^^.sions. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  14th  Reserve  Division  did  not  participate  in  any  important  action  in  the 
course  of  the  year  1917.  It  was  thoroughly  reorganized  during  its  long  stay  in  Cham- 
pagne. It  is  composed  for  tlie  most  part  of  young  men  (20  to  30  years  of  age)  and  has 
suffered  but  few  losses  (a  slight  proportion  of  the  1918  class). 

Its  valor  has  not  been  put  to  any  serious  test  since  Verdun.  It  appears  capable  of 
serious  effort. 

1918. 
Laon. 

1.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  line  in  the  St.  Gobain  region  and  went  to  rest 
in  the  neighborhood  of  Laon.  It  was  trained  in  open  warfare  during  the  weeks  that 
followed. 

2.  On  March  16  some  equipment  belonging  to  the  53d  Reserve  Regiment  was  found 
west  of  Laon,  near  Champs,  but  it  is  unlikely  that  the  division  was  in  line  there;  it 
was  not  identified  in  any  other  way.  It  was  identified  in  luie  in  that  region,  however, 
on  the  6th  of  April.     It  was  withdrawn  on  May  29. 

AlSNE. 

3.  The  division  went  immediately  t(j  the  Aisne  battle  front,  where  it  was  identified 
by  prisoners  in  the  Vierzy  sector  (south  of  Soissons)  on  May  31.  It  was  withdrawn 
about  the  10th  of  June  and  rested  for  a  month  in  the  region  of  Fere  en  Tardenois. 

4.  On  July  8  it  relieved  the  47th  Resers^e  Division  near  Cha^dgny  (south  of  Soissons). 
The  47th  Reserv^e  Di\dsion  relieved  part  of  the  14th  Reserve  Division  on  the  12th, 
and  the  14tli  Reserve  seems  to  have  come  back  in  its  entirety  on  the  16th.  During 
this  fighting,  the  diWsion  lost  more  tlian  1,500  prisoners.  It  was  withdrawn  on  July 
20,  and  vrent  to  rest  and  refit  in  the  neighborhood  of  Mulhouse. 

Nesle. 

5.  The  division  entrained  on  the  22d  of  August  at  Birnsweiler  and  traveled  via 
Saarbruecken-Trier-IIerbesthal-Liege-Namur-Charleroi-Conde,  detraining  at  Tin- 
court  the  night  of  August  23-24.  On  the  26th  it  reinforced  the  fnmt  near  Thilloy 
(southwest  of  Nesle).  It  was  vathdrawn  on  September  9,  after  losing  some  1,300 
prisoners,  and  went  to  rest  in  Alsace  in  the  neighborhood  of  Oltingen. 
Champag.ne. 

6.  On  October  9,  it  reinforced  the  front  near  Orfeuil  (southwest  of  Vouziers). 

7.  On  October  28,  the  division  was  moved  eastward  to  Boult,  so  as  to  help  to  hinder 
the  American  advance.     It  was  still  in  line  on  November  11. 

value 1918  ESTI.MATE. 

After  the  division's  participation  in  the  Ijattle  of  the  Aisne,  Lieut.  Gen.  Loeb,  its 
commander,  was  awarded  the  order  Pour  le  iMerite.  Again,  the  German  communique 
of  September  2  spoke  highly  of  the  fighting  of  the  56th  Reserve  Regiment.  A  captured 
regimental  order  mentions  the  fact  that  there  had  been  many  cases  of  the  grippe. 
The  division  suffered  such  severe  losses  that  most  of  the  men  from  the  47th  Reserve 
Di\asion,  dissolved  in  July,  were  sent  to  it.  Nevertheless,  the  battalions  were  re- 
duced to  three  companies  in  August.  Despite  its  subsequent  heavy  losses  (the  159th 
Regiment  was  reduced  to  600  men,  and  the  other  regiment  to  about  the  same  size), 
the  division  is  still  considered  as  being  first  class. 


244      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      245 

HISTORY. 

(;M()th    Infantry  Regiment:   5th  Corps  District — Posen.     10th  and  38th  Landwehr 
Regiments:  6th  Corps  District — Silesia.) 

1915. 
Russia-Poland. 

1.  The  14th  Landvrehr  Division  appeared  in  Poland  about  the  middle  of  July, 
1915,  in  the  Sierpec  area. 

It  appeared  to  be  made  up  at  this  time  of  the  21st  Mixed  Brigade  of  Laudwelir 
(10th  and  38th  Landwehr  Regiments,  taken  from  the  Breslau  Corps),  elements  of  the 
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received  its  complete  coherence  imtil  the  stabilization  of  the  front  which  followed  the 
summer  offensive  against  the  Russians. 

Smorgoni. 

2.  The  division  then  took  position  in  the  Smorgoni  sector  (September).  It  re- 
mained there  until  February,  1918. 

191(3. 

1.  In  1916  the  di\'ision  remained  in  the  Smorgoni  sector. 

1917. 

1.  In  1917  the  di\dsion  remained  in  the  Smorgoni  sector. 

2.  About  the  month  of  April,  1917,  the  101st  and  103d  Landwehr  Regiments 
(Saxon)  were  taken  from  the  14th  Landwehr  Division  and  assigned  to  the  46th  Land- 
wehr Di\dsion,  a  new  formation  on  the  Eastern  Front.  They  were  replaced  in  the 
14th  Landwehr  Division  by  the  346th  Regiment,  which  formerly  belonged  to  the 
87th  Di\dsion. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  is  of  mediocre  value. 

1918. 
Minsk. 

1.  At  the  begirming  of  1918  the  14th  Landwehr  Di\asion  was  still  on  the  Smorgoni 
front,  which  it  left  about  the  middle  of  February  to  march  farther  toward  the  east. 
"  We  are  advancing  right  into  Russia, ' '  wrote  a  man  of  the  38th  Landwehr  Regiment 
on  March  7.  About  the  middle  of  March  the  di\ision  went  into  cantonment  in  the 
vicinity  of  Orcha  and  Kochanovo  on  the  Minsk-Smolensk  Railroad.  It  was  still 
there  at  the  end  of  April. 

2.  Sent  to  France  during  May,  the  14th  Landwehr  Division  arrived  in  Alsace  with 
only  two  regiments,  the  10th  and  38th  Landwehr  Regiments.  The  division  seems  to 
have  been  dissolved  soon  afterwards,  the  10th  Landwehr  seeming  to  be  attached  to 
the  301st  Division  and  the  38th  Landwehr  to  the  4th  Cavalry  Division. 

3.  The  latter  part  of  June  the  division  was  reconstituted  on  the  Russian  front 
after  the  departure  of  these  two  regiments  for  the  West,  with  the  follo\\nng  units: 
103d  Landwehr  (from  the  46th  Landwehr  Division),  343d  Ersatz  (from  the  87th 
Division),  and  the  3d  Landsturm  (14th  Landwehr  Division).  On  the  30th  of  July 
the  division  was  identified  in  the  Orcha  region.  Late  in  September  the  division  was 
identified  in  the  same  region. 

VALUE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


24G      DIVISIONS  OF  GERIMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN"  WAR.     247 

HISTORY. 

(4th  and  8th  Bavarinn  Infantry  Regiments:  Second  Bavarian  District.     25th  Bavarian 
Infantry  Regiment:  Bavarian  District.) 

1916. 

The  14th  Bavarian  Division  was  formed,  at  the  beginning  of  August,  1916,  with  th-e 
8th  Bavarian  Brigade  (4th  and  8th  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiments),  withdrawn  from 
the  33d  Reserve  Division,  and  with  the  29th  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment,  formed  at 
tliis  time. 
Verdun. 

1.  The  14th  Bavarian  Division,  going  into  line  at  the  end  of  August,  1916,  in  the 
Vaux  Chapitre  wood,  launched  a  violent  attack  on  September  3  to  the  southwest 
of  the  fort  of  Vaux  and  continued  to  hold  this  sector  until  October  10. 

At  the  end  of  October,  the  29th  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment,  whose  losses  in  the 
Vaux  sector  were  considerable,  was  dissolved  and  replaced  by  the  25th  Bavarian 
Infantry  Regiment,  taken  from  the  192d  Division,  and  raised  from  two  to  three 
battalions. 

2.  Having  thus  received  its  present  composition,  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  went 
back  into  line  on  the  Hauts  de  Meuse  (Calonne  trench)  on  October  22. 
Somme-Ancre. 

3.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  November  and  sent  to  rest,  it  was  then  sent  to  the 
Somme,  where,  about  November  26,  it  took  over  the  sector  north  of  the  Ancre. 

1917. 

1.  The  14th  Bavarian  Division  left  the  Ancre  front  at  the  end  of  January,  1917, 
passed  the  month  of  February  at  rest  in  the  Denain  area,  and  came  back  into  line 
on  the  Somme,  northeast  of  Gueudecovirt,  on  February  26.  It  was  withdrawn  on 
March  20  at  the  time  of  the  German  retirement. 

Artois. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  April  it  went  into  action  against  the  British  offensive  in  the 
Roclincourt  (north  of  Arras)  and  suffered  hea\nly  (about  2,800  prisoners  on  Apr.  9). 

Russia-Riga. 

3.  Sent  to  rest  in  Belgium,  it  remained  for  several  days  in  the  Ghent  area,  and  then 
entrained  for  the  Eastern  Front  (Apr.  26-28).  About  May  14  it  went  into  line  near 
Lipsk  (south  of  Baranovitchi);  in  June  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Tsirin,  where  it  re- 
mained until  the  end  of  the  August.  It  was  then  transferred  to  the  Riga  front  (Sept. 
1)  and  went  into  action  on  September  14  in  the  neighborhood  of  Uxkuell.  It  left 
there  on  September  18. 

4.  About  September  20  it  went  into  line  west  of  Jakobstadt  and  took  part  in  the 
action  of  the  21st. 

5.  At  the  end  of  October  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  was  sent  to  Galicia.  It  waa 
identified  in  the  neighborhood  of  Tamopol  on  November  1  and,  for  the  last  time,  on 
December  14  (fraternizing). 

France. 

6.  The  division  left  the  Tamopol  area  on  December  19  for  the  Western  Front. 
Itinerary:  Posen  Leipzig-Frankfort-Kreuznach-Thionville.  It  detrained  at  Wa- 
signy  and  Saulces-Monclin  (near  Rethel)  on  December  23. 

RECRUITING. 

The  14th  Bavarian  Division  is  recruited  from  the  2d  and  3(1  Bavarian  Corps  Dis- 
tricts. 


248      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


The  8th  Bavarian  Brigade  (-Ith  and  8th  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiments),  which 
helped  form  the  14th  Bavarian  Division,  is  a  strong  body  belonging,  in  peace  times, 
to  the  garrison  at  Metz. 

It  distinguished  itself  at  the  battle  of  Eparges  (March-April,  1915),  at  the  attack 
of  September  3,  1916  (Vaux-Chapitre  wood). 

The  morale  of  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  appears  to  be  high.  No  deserter  has  been 
found  since  the  arrival  of  the  di\asion  on  the  Western  Front  (December,  1917).  The 
14th  Bavarian  Di\-ision  has  always  been  a  good  division  (January,  1918). 

1918. 
Ch.vmpagne. 

1.  The  14th  Bavarian  Di\dsion  embarked  at  Tarnopol  on  December  19  and  traveled 
via  Kalicz-Posen-Leipsic-Frankiort-Kreusnach-Thionville-Wassigny  (north  of  Re- 
thel),  where  it  detrained  on  the  23d.  On  January  12  it  relieved  the  7th  Reserve 
Division  in  the  Mont  Haut  sector.  It  was  relieved  by  the  80th  Reserve  Division  on 
April  22. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  On  the  26th  the  division  entrained  at  Neuflize,  detraining  on  the  following  day 
near  Mericourt  (northeast  of  St.  Quentin).  From  there  it  marched  \'ia  Bellenglise- 
Vermand-Mons  en  Chaussee-Brie-Foucaucoiu-t  to  Framerville.  On  May  3  it  relieved 
the  208th  Division  in  the  Hangard  sector  (southeast  of  Amiens).  It  was  relieved  on 
the  21st  by  the  225th  Division. 

3.  The  division  remained  in  close  support,  and  relieved  the  15th  Division  one 
sector  to  the  south  on  the  23d.  It  was  withdrawn  diuing  the  night  of  June  20-21,  and 
rested  in  rear  of  the  front  for  over  a  month. 

4.  About  July  23,  it  relieved  the  21st  Division  in  the  Castel  sector  (north  of  Han- 
gard). In  the  fighting  that  followed  the  division  suffered  heavy  losses,  especially  in 
the  British  attack  of  August  8.  It  was  withdrawn  about  the  13th  in  a  badly  shattered 
condition,  it  having  lost  some  2,500  prisoners. 

5.  It  was  in  line  again  on  the  29th  northwest  of  Villers-Carbonnel  (southwest  of 
Peronne),  and  was  withdrawn  about  the  2d  of  September.  Soon  thereafter,  the  14th 
Bavarian  Division  was  disbanded — the  4th  Bavarian  went  to  the  4th  Bavarian 
Division  to  replace  the  5th  Bavarian  Reserves  (dissolved);  the  8th  Bavarian  went  to 
the  16th  Bavarian  Division  to  replace  the  21st  Bavarian  Reserves  (dissolved);  the 
25th  Bavarian  went  to  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserves  Division  to  replace  the  17th  Bavarian 
Reserves  (dissolved).  The  commanding  general  and  his  staff  were  identified  at 
Malineson  October  24,  but  there  is  nothing  to  show  what  they  were  doing  there,  or 
where  they  went. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

Previous  to  1918  the  14th  Bavarian  was  always  considered  a  first-class  division. 
Since  then,  however,  it  seems  to  have  fallen  off  somewhat;  it  was  not  used  in  any  of 
the  German  offensives,  and  it  is  significant  that  a  battalion  of  the  2d  Bavarian  Division 
was  used  in  its  sector  (south  of  Hailles)  when  it  was  desired  to  make  a  raid,  and  also 
that  two  of  the  divisions  receiving  regiments  when  the  14th  Bavarian  was  disbanded 
were  second  class.  The  division  lost  over  2,000  prisoners,  including  all  three  regiment 
staffs  and  the  staffs  of  several  of  the  battalions. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     249 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     251 

HISTORY. 

(8th  Corps  DLstriet — Rhine  Province.) 

1914. 

1.  Upon  mobilization,  the  IGth  Division  (Aix  la  Chapelle,  Cologne,  Bonn,  etc.) 
formed  with  the  16th  Division  an  organic  part  of  the  8th  Army  Corps  and  was  in  the 
4th  Army  (Duke  of  Wuerttemberg). 

2.  Temporarily  detaching  the  25tli  Infantry  Regiment  (Aix  la  Chapelle)  from  the 
corps  at  the  siege  at  Liege,  the  15th  Division  entered,  on  August  6,  into  lAixemburg, 
where  it  had  been  preceded  by  the  16th  Division  (Treves).  It  entered  into  Belgian 
Luxemburg  on  the  19th  and  20th  of  August.  Went  into  action  on  the  22d  and  23d — 
Porcheresse,  Graid,  Bievre — and  entered  France  on  the  26th.  While  the  29th  Brigade 
was  crossing  the  Jleuse  at  Sedan  the  80th  entered  at  Mezieres.  Again  uniting  on  the 
30th,  the  15th.  Division  went  through  Champagne  by  way  of  Somme  Py  and  Suippes 
and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  ^larne  at  Vitry  le  Francois.  It  then  withdrew  to 
Souain  and  Perthes,  where  it  remained  as  a  whole  until  November. 
Champagne. 

3.  At  this  time  the  29th  Brigade  was  taken  to  the  Ypres  front  until  the  end  of  Decem- 
ber, at  which,  date  it  went  to  the  south  of  Alsace,  making  a  part  of  the  combined 
division  of  Fuchs.  The  separation  of  the  two  brigades  lasted  until  May,  1915.  The 
29th  Brigade  lost  heavily  in  Alsace,  where  the  25tli  Infantry  Regiment  was  reduced 
to  600  men  on  ]\Iarcli  26,  1915  (soldier's  notebook). 

1915. 

1.  The  15tli  Division,  in  which  the  29th  Brigade  was  temporarily  replaced  by  the 
1st  Bavarian  Landwehr  Brigade,  remained  in  Chami)agne  until  the  beginning  of 
April,  1915.  At  that  date  it  went  to  reenforce  the  3d  Bavarian  Corps  near  St.  Mihiel 
in  the  Ailly  wood. 

Artois. 

2.  At  the  end  of  May  the  15th.  Division  again  had  both  its  brigades  (29th  and  80th) 
and  went  into  action  at  Artois  until  the  middle  of  June.  It  suffered  heavy  losses. 
The  161st  Infantry  Regiment  lost  31  officers  and  1,653  men  (official  list  of  casualties). 

AlSNE. 

3.  From  June,  1915,  until  June,  1916,  the  15th  Division  occupied  various  sectors  of 
the  Aisne:  Vailly-Pommiers  (end  of  July),  Nouvron  (September),  Ste.  Marguerite- 
Bucy  le  Long  (October). 

1916. 

SoMME. 

1.  July,  1918,  the  loth  Division  was  transferred  to  the  Somme.  It  took  part  in  tlie 
Ijattle  and  participated  in  the  attack  at  Biaches,  where  it  suffered  heavy  losses. 

2.  At  the  end  of  August  it  again  took  over  its  sector,  St.  Jfarguerite-Bucy  le  Long. ' 
Its  composition  was  modified  by  the  temporary  loss  of  the  160th  Infantiy  Regiment, 
sent  to  the  combined  division  of  Dumrath  (August)  by  the  definite  transfer  of  the 
65th  Infantry  Regiment  and  the  161st  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  185th  Division,  and 
of  the  25th  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  208th  Division. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  had  received  in  exchange  for  the  regiments  trans- 
ferred the  186th  Infantry  Regiment  (temporarily)  and  the  3S9th  Infantiy  Regiment, 
a  new  formation  (men  taken  from  various  Rhine  regiments),  and  received  the  160th 
Infantry  Regiment  again  (the  Dumrath  Di\ision  having  been  dissolved).  It  reap- 
peared on  the  Somme  front  (Sailly-Saillisel),  where  it  again  suffered  heavy  losses. 


252      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 
AlSNE. 

4.  At  the  end  of  October  it  returned  to  the  A  isne  and  occupied  the  sectors  of  Xuvron- 
Moulin  sous  Touvent.  It  was  reorganized  finally  in  Novemher  and  received  its 
definitive  composition. 

Russia. 

5.  About  the  middle  of  November  the  15th  Division  was  ^vithdrawn  from  the  front, 
entrained  after  a  few  days'  rest,  and  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front.  It  went  into  line 
north  of  Kisselin. 

1917. 

1.  In  February,  1917,  the  division  was  in  Transylvania  (upper  valley  of  the  Olta). 

2.  In  April  it  was  in  reserve  at  Vladimu-Volynski. 

France. 

3.  Transferred  to  the  French  front  (entrained  at  Kovel,  detrained  at  Vigneulles,  at 
the  end  of  April),  the  division  occupied  the  sector  of  Vaux  les  Palameix  (Meuse). 
Californie  Plateai'. 

4.  At  the  end  of  May  it  was  relieved  and  sent  (night  of  ^Nfay  29-30)  to  the  Vauclerc 
Plateau  and  the  Californie  Plateau.  On  June  2  and  3  it  took  part  in  the  violent 
attack  upon  these  plateaus.  It  renewed  these  attacks  upon  July  3  and  again  suffered 
heavy  losses. 

Lorraine. 

5.  The  division  was  relieved  on  the  night  of  July  8-9  and  then  sent  to  the  Lys 
area,  from  which  it  was  transferred  into  the  zone  Richecourt-Avricourt.  It  was  put 
in  line  (July  15)  near  Blamont. 

Flanders.  " 

6.  It  was  relieved  about  September  4,  sent  to  rest  in  the  Verdun  area,  and  trans- 
ferred to  Belgium  on  October  7,  where  it  was  in  action  and  suffered  heavUy  on  the 
Ypres  front  (north  of  the  Ypres-Menin  road)  until  November  13. 

7.  The  division  was  then  sent  to  the  rear  (area  of  Bruges-Knocke) . 

8.  It  again  went  into  line  east  of  Ypres  al>out  December  18  (east  of  Passchendaele). 
In  the  middle  of  January,  1918,  it  was  withdrawn  from  this  sector  and  sent  to  the 
Bruges  area. 

RECRUITING. 

The  15th  Division  is  easily  recruited  from  the  populous  districts  of  the  Rhine 
Provinces.  In  case  of  heavy  losses  and  urgent  necessity  for  reenforcements,  the  need 
has  been  felt  for  having  recourse  to  the  rest  of  the  Rhine  country  in  the  widest  sense 
of  the  word,  that  is  to  say,  Rhenish  Hessia  and  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden,  in  return 
or  reenforcements  sent  elsewhere.  The  frequence  of  the  relation  and  the  community 
of  interests  which  unites  these  regions  assures  the  15th  Division,  under  all  circum- 
stances, the  advantages  of  regional  homogeneity. 

value 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  15th  Division,  in  spite  of  the  lack  of  success  of  its  efforts,  has  given  the  impres- 
sion of  being  a  good  division. 

On  June  2  and  3,  1917,  the  69th  Infantry  Regiment  and  the  3S9th  Infantrj'  Regi" 
ment,  attacked  vigorously  upon  the  casemates  and  Californie  Plateaus.  The  389th 
Infantry  Regiment,  especially,  showed  a  great  deal  of  dash  in  the  course  of  these 
actions  (July,  1917). 

The  division  is  composed,  for  the  most  part,  of  young  and  well  trained  elements; 
it  has  the  experience  gained  from  a  very  active  sector  (September,  1917). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      253 

1918. 
Belgium.  • 

1.  The  division  relieved  the  25th  Division  east  of  Passchendaele  on  February  10 
and  occupied  the  sector  until  February  20-25  when  it  moved  south  and  took  over  the 
Zonnebeke  sector  from  the  31st  Division.  About  March  21,  it  was  relieved  by  the 
39th  Division.  It  entrained  at  Muelebeke  on  the  23d  and  detrained  at  Mons  en  Pevele 
(north  of  Douai).  From  there  it  went  by  marches  to  Cambrai  (31st),  Sailly  Saillisel, 
Bray  sur  Somme  and  Suzanne,  and  Caix  (Apr.  7-12). 

PiCARDY. 

2.  On  April  12  it  was  engaged  in  the  Bois  Senecat,  northwest  of  Moreuil.  During 
the  French  attack  of  the  18th  the  division  lost  700  prisoners.  It  was  relieved  about 
April  22. 

3.  It  rested  until  mid-May  near  Busiginy.  The  389th  Regiment  is  known  to  have 
received  600  men  as  a  draft  at  this  time.  On  May  18,  the  division  returned  to  line 
near  Castel,  and  was  engaged  until  May  22. 

4.  It  rested  in  the  Somme  area  (at  Rosieres  en  Santerse  June  1,  and  Peronne  on  tlie 
9th),  until  June  17  when  it  came  into  line  before  Moreuil.  It  suffered  hea\'y  losses 
during  the  French  attack  of  the  17th  but  continued  in  line  until  the  26th.  It  rested 
east  of  Royein  June  and  from  the  3d  to  the  5th  of  July  was  in  reserve  south  of  Bleran- 
court. 

Battle  of  the  Oise-Aisne. 

5.  The  division  was  engaged  in  the  Nampcel-Autreches  sector  from  July  5  until 
August  22.  It  was  pushed  back  to  Gaisnes  (Aug.  18)  and  as  a  result  of  the  French 
attack  lost  1,880  prisoners. 

.  6.  The  division  was  moved  to  rest  at  DamvUlers  north  of  Verdun  in  early  September. 
On  the  26th  it  left  that  place  and  marched  to  Flabas,  east  of  the  Meuse. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

7.  On  September  26  the  division  was  in  line  in  the  Bois  des  Oaures.  It  continued 
to  hold  a  sector  in  the  region  until  the  armistice.  The  last  identification  was  north- 
west of  Ornes  on  November  10. 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  Its  liea\y  losses  at  Moreuil  in  June  and  the 
ravages  of  the  grippe  in  the  summer  lowered  the  morale.  On  the  other  hand,  a  docu- 
ment of  October  4  indicated  that  the  division  had  been  congratulated  by  the  Kaiser 
for  its  "heroic  conduct." 


254      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     255 


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256      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(25th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  69th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment:  8th  Corps  Dis- 
trict— Rhine  Province.     17th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment:  2l8t  Corps  District — 

■     Lorraine.) 

1914. 

1.  In  August,  1914,  the  15th  Reserve  Division  which  was  a  part  of  the  8th  Reserve 
Corps  (with  the  IGth  Reserve  Division)  and  of  the  4th  Army,  was  uoucentratcd  on  the 
Luxemburg  frontier,  Avhich  it  crossed  on  the  19th.  Entering  Belgium  on  the  21st, 
it  fought  on  the  22d  at  Maissin  and  Paliseul,  and  between  the  25th  and  27th  it  crossed 
the  Meuse  near  Sedan,  losing  heavily.  On  August  28,  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  69th 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  reduced  to  140  men  (soldier's  notebook). 
Champagne. 

2.  From  this  place,  by  way  of  le  Chesne,  Vouziers,  Tahure,  the  division  advanced 
as  far  as  Marne  Canal  to  the  Rhine,  at  Vitry  le  Francois  (Brusson  Dompremy,  Sept.  G), 
where  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne. 

3.  The  division  retired  between  September  9  and  September  IG  by  way  of  Suippes 
to  Servon,  Binarville,  Massiges  (Sept.  18  to  27),  and  established  itself  north  of 
Massiges. 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  15th  R.eserve  Division  occvipied  the  front  north  of  ^Massiges  and  of  Mesnil 
les  Hurlus  in  the  Souain  area.  In  the  course  of  various  small  actions,  especially  in 
May,  it  suffered  heavily,  so  much  so  that  by  June  30,  the  losses  suffered  since  the 
beginning  of  the  campaign  it  amounted  to  2,316  men  for  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  17th 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  (official  list  of  casualties). 

2.  In  September,  1915,  the  elements  of  the  15th  Reserve  Division  divided  between 
the  Liebert  Division  (17th  and  69th  ReserAe  Infantry  Regiments)  and  the  Ditfurth 
Di\'ision  (25th  and  30th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments)  took  part  in  the  Ijattle  of  Cham- 
pagne near  Tahure,  east  of  Somme  Py  (from  Sept.  25  to  the  beginning  of  October). 
They  suffered  considerable  losses. 

AlSNE. 

3.  Toward  the  end  of  October  the  15th  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  from  the 
Tahure  sector  and  reorganized.  At  the  beginning  of  November  it  went  into  line 
between  Vailly  and  the  Oise-Aisne  Canal. 

1916. 

1.  The  division  occupied  the  sector  Chavonne-Soupir  south  of  Brayo  en  Laonnois 
until  the  end  of  June,  1916. 

Somme. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July,  as  soon  as  the  Franco-British  offensive  ])egan,  the 
15th  Reserve  Division  detached  some  of  its  elements  to  reenforce  divisions  engaged 
along  the  Somme,  especially  at  Flaucourt  (July  2  and  3),  Hem  wood,  and  the  Ver- 
mandovillers  area  (August). 

AlSNE. 

3.  Some  of  these  elements  returned  to  the  Aisne  and  were  reassigned  to  the  Liebert 
(new  15th  Reserve  Division)  and  the  Dumrath  Division. 

Somme. 

4.  The  17th  and  30th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments  remained  in  the  Somme  area. 
Separated  at  first,  at  the  end  of  August  the}^  formed  the  32d  Brigade  reattached  to 
the  35th  Division  which  held  the  front  in  the  area  of  Estrees-Ablaincourt  (September). 

5.  At  the  beginnini'  of  October  the  15th  Reserve  Division,  once  more  reorganized 
its  original  elements,  and  occupied  the  lines  between  Fouquescourt  and  the  north  of 
Andechy. 

6.  The  division  was  relieved  from  the  Sumnns  front  about  I'ecember  15, 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      257 

1917. 

SOMME. 

1.  Once  more  in  line  in  tlie  Fouquescourt  sector,  the  division  took  part  in  the 
German  withdrawal  by  way  of  Erchen,  Moyencourt  (Mar.  17),  Ham  (Mar.  19). 

2.  It  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Maubeuge  area  (?)  (end  of  March  and  April). 

Artois. 

3.  About  May  2  it  went  into  line  in  the  Fresnoy  sector  (north  of  Arras),  where  it 
went  into  action  about  May  3. 

4.  It  was  withdrawn  from  the  Artois  front  on  May  10  and  transferred  to  the  Eastern 
Front  (May  21  to  May  28). 

G  ALICIA. 

5.  Sent  to  Galicia,  it  occupied  the  sector  south  of  Brzezany,  where  it  underwent 
the  Russian  attack  of  July  1.  Then  it  took  part  in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians 
at  the  end  of  July,  and  suffered  heavy  losses  near  Husiatin,  where  it  remained  until 
August  24.  Sent  to  the  rear  of  Zbrucz  it  held  this  sector  from  September  15  to  Decem- 
ber 7. 

France. 

6.  Relieved  at  this  date,  it  remained  in  the  Jablona  area  until  December  19,  and 
entrained  on  the  30th  for  the  Western  Front.  Itinerary:  Brest  Litowsk-Warsaw- 
Karlish-Halle-Frankfort  on  the  Main-Mayence-Sarrebruecken-Thionville-Sedan.  It 
detrained  on  January  7,  in  the  Dun  area,  where  it  went  to  rest. 

The  15th  Reserve  Division  suffered  very  heavy  losses  in  Galicia  (July  and  Aug.;, 
1917). 

At  the  end  of  February,  1918,  these  losses,  according  to  the  statements  of  deserters, 
had  not  yet  been  made  good  by  sufficient  replacements. 

In  Russia  there  was  no  exchange  of  the  older  men  of  the  division  for  men  of  the 
1919  class. 

RECRUITING. 

The  15th  Reserve  Division  is  recruited  from  the  Rhine  districts  in  general.  The 
elements  from  the  9th  Corps  District,  introduced  by  the  assignment  of  one  battalion 
of  the  76th  Landwehr  Regiment  to  the  69th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  have  almost 
disappeared  with  the  arrival  of  successive  replacements. 

1918. 

1.  During  its  occupancy  of  the  Verdun  sector  the  division  underwent  intensive 
training  which  was  to  fit  it  for  operations  on  the  Western  J>ont.  It  was  relieved 
about  April  15.  The  division  commenced  entraining  at  Stenay  about  April  23  and 
traveled  via  Givet-Dinant-Namur-Charleroi-Braine  le  Comte-Ath-Tournai,  and 
detrained  between  Tournai  and  Lille.  One  regiment  marched  to  Haubourdin  (12 
miles),  where  it  rested  several  days. 

Hinge. 

2.  On  the  night  of  May  1-2  the  division  came  into  line  east  of  St.  Veuant.  It  held 
this  sector  for  10  months.  Toward  the  end  of  June  it  was  relieved  by  the  23d  Reserve 
Division. 

Arras. 

3.  On  July  11  the  division  entered  the  line  southwest  of  Oppy.  It  was  engaged  at 
Gavrelle,  Oppy,  and  Arleux  until  October  9  when  the  187th  Division  relieved  it. 

4.  The  division  returned  to  line  on  the  12th  to  reinforce  the  front  east  of  Bohain 
and  fought  until  the  end  of  October  in  the  region  east  of  Wassigny.  There  was  some 
talk  in  the  division  of  the  dissolution,  as  no  drafts  of  importance  were  received  during 
September  or  October. 

5.  On  November  6  the  division  was  again  in  line.  In  tl^e  closing  days  of  the  war 
it  was  engaged  north  of  Beaurepaire,  southeast  of  Limont-Fontaine,  southwest  of 
Aites  and  Obrechics  (10th). 

VALUE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.     During  1918  the  division  was  almost  con- 
stantly in  line  holding  defensive  sectors,  which  it  did  with  fair  success. 
125651°— 20 17 


258     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     259 

HISTORY. 

(12th Land wehr Regiment:  3dCorps  District— Brandenbiu-g.     53d  and  65th  Landwehr 
Regiments:  7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 

1915. 

OlSE. 

1.  The  15th  Landwehr  Division  (Sack  Division)  was  formed  al)out  the  month  of 
March,  1915,  from  two  independent  Landwehr  brigades  (the  10th  and  27th)  wliich 
had  been  holding,  since  September,  1914,  the  sectors  of  the  Oise  south  of  Koyon. 

2.  The  10th  Brigade,  entering  Belgium  on  August  19,  was  at  Tirlemont  on  Septem- 
ber 1  and  had  been  sent  rapidly  to  the  Oise  at  the  beginning  of  the  retreat  from  the 
Mame.  It  had  gone  into  action  at  Blerancourt,  Bellefontaine,  Cuts,  on  September 
15  and  16.  The  27th  Brigade,  coming  from  Aix  la  Chapelle  August  17,  had  advanced 
by  way  of  Louvain,  Douai,  Caml^rai,  Bepaume,  and  Amiens  and  had  likewise  been 
in  action  on  September  15  and  16  at  Rivecourt  and  Nampcel. 

3.  After  its  formation  the  15th  Landwehr  Di\'ision  continued  to  occupy  the  Oise 
sector  of  Thiescourt  (Ribecourt)  imtil  1917. 

1916. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Oise  sector  of  Thiescourt  (southwest  of  Noyon). 

1917. 

1.  The  Oise  sector  of  Thiescourt  was  held  by  the  division  until  1917. 

In  the  middle  of  March,  1917,  the  15th  Landwehr  Division  took  part  in  the  with- 
drawal of  the  German  troops  and  retired  southeast  of  St.  Quentin  by  way  of  Saleney, 
Chauny,  and  La  Fere. 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  !March,  it  was  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front.  Itinerary: 
Charleroi-Luxembiirg-Treves  *  *  *  Breslau-Cracow-Lemberg.  (Some  elements 
of  the  division  had  already  left  before  the  withdrawal  to  the  Hindenburg  line  and  had 
entrained  at  Noyon.) 

3.  In  Galicia  the  15th  Landwehr  Division  occupied  the  sector  west  of  Brody  until 
the  beginning  of  1918. 

Almost  immediately  after  its  arrival  the  52d  Ivandwehr  Regiment  was  withdrawn 
from  the  division  (April,  1917). 

Like  the  other  Landwehr  divisions  on  the  Eastern  Front,  the  15th  Landwehr 
Di\-ision  at  the  end  of  1917  had  given  its  best  elements  to  divisions  operating  in  France 
(especially  to  the  111th  Division). 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  is  purely  a  sector  division. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  Early  in  March  the  15th  Landwehr  Division  marched  toward  Rovno;  from  there 
it  was  transported  to  Kiev. 

2.  On  May  11  the  division  was  south  of  Ekaterinoslav;  the  12th  Landwehr  Regi- 
ment at  Sebastopol  and  the  53d  Landwehr  Regiment  likewise  being  in  the  Crhnea. 
Caucasus. 

3.  Toward  the  end  of  May  elements  of  the  division  were  identified  in  the  Kertch 
region,  the  12th  Landwehr  Regiment,  however,  being  on  the  Vardar  front.  The 
division  was  still  here  the  latter  part  of  September.  During  this  time  all  of  the 
younger  men  were  sent  to  the  Western  Front. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


260      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

ISth  Bavarian  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

23  Bav. 

30  Bav. 

31  Bav. 

32  Bav. 

23  Bav. 

30  Bav. 

31  Bav. 

32  Bav. 

3  Sqn.  7  Bav.  Liglit  Cav.  Rgt. 

3  Sqn.  7  Bav.  Light  Cav.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

Art.  Command: 

7  Bav.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

7  Bav.  F.  A.  Rgt. 
23  Bav.  Ft.  A.  Btn. 
148  Bav.  Light  Am.  Col. 
152  Bav.  Light  Am.  Col. 
155  Bav.  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons . 

15  Bav.  Pion.  Btn.: 

24  Bav.  Pion.  Co. 

25  Bav.  Pion.  Co. 
15  Bav.  T.  M.  Co. 
15  Bav.  Tel.  Detch. 

15  Bav.  Pion.  Btn.: 

24  Bav.  Pion.  Co. 

25  Bav.  Pion.  Co. 
15  Bav.  T.  M.  Co. 

15  Bav.  Searchlight  Section. 
15  Bav.  Signal  Command: 
15  Bav.  Tel.  Detch. 
170  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

25  Bav.  Ambulance  Co. 

64  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 

65  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 
15  Bav.  Vet.  Hospital. 

25  Bav.  Ambulance  Co. 
64  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 
ti5  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 

Transport 

696  M.  T.  Col. 

696  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(30th  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment:  1st  Bavarian  Corps  District.  Slst  Bavarian  In- 
fantry Regiment:  2d  Bavarian  Corps  District.  32d  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment: 
3d  Bavarian  Corps  District.) 

1917. 

The  15th  Bavarian  Division  was  formed  in  December,  191(),  and  January,  1917,  at 
Nuremburg,  of  elements  coming  from  the  three  Bavarian  corps  districts  in  the  manner 
of  the  divisions  231-242;  that  is  to  say,  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  men  of  the 
1918  class,  together  with  returned  wounded  and  sick  and  men  taken  from  units  at 
the  front. 

1.  From  February  1  to  March  1,  1917,  the  three  regiments  of  the  division  received 
instruction  for  mountain  troops  in  Upper  Bavaria,  near  the  Austrian  frontier. 

2.  On  March  1  the  1 5th  Bavarian  Division  was  transferred  to  the  Charleroi  area, 
where  it  remained  one  month ;  there  it  received  training  in  the  war  of  movement. 
Lorraine. 

3.  At  the  end  of  March  it  was  transferred  to  Ivorraine;  it  occupied  (he  Leintrey 
sector  (Parroy  wood)  until  the  beginning  of  May. 

AlSNE. 

4.  From  Lorraine  it  went  to  the  Laonnois  area  (Sissonne,  La  Selve,  May  12);  went 
into  line  southwest  of  Juvincourt  on  May  19-20;  launched  an  attack  on  June  28-29 
southeast  of  Corbeny,  and  left  the  front  at  the  end  of  July. 

5.  After  a  rest  in  the  Sedan  area  the  division  entrained  on  August  20  for  the  A'erdun 
front. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     261 

Meuse  (Hill  304). 

6.  Detraining  at  Stenay  and  Dun  (Aug.  22-24),  it  went  into  line  north  of  Hill  304 
(Forges  Stream).     The  French  attack  on  the  24th  occasioned  serious  losses. 

Meuse  (Right  Bank). 

7.  The  loth  Bavarian  Di\dsion  was  relieved  from  Hill  304  about  October  16;  went 
from  there  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse,  and  then  into  line  at  Beaumont  (Oct.  24). 

RECRUITING. 

The  15th  Bavarian  Di\'ision  is  recruited  from  all  of  Bavaria. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

In  September,  1917,  the  15th  Bavarian  Division  appeared  strong. 
In  the  31st  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment  two-thirds  of  the  men  were  recruits  belong- 
ing to  the  1918  class. 

The  division  suffered  few  losses  on  the  Verdun  front  after  November,  1917. 

1918. 

1.  During  the  spring  the  division  made  use  of  the  quiet  Bezouvaux  sector  to  train 
the  men  in  machine  gun  and  assault  tactics.  It  was  relieved  on  July  23  and  rested 
south  of  Longwy  (Villers  la  Montague)  until  July  4.  It  was  moved  to  Sault  St.  Remy, 
by  Carignan,  Sedan,  Rethel  (July  4-5).  Until  the  11th  it  rested  in  a  camp,  when  it 
marched  by  night  toward  the  front. 

Battle  of  Rheims. 

2.  On  the  15th  it  was  engaged  in  the  offensive  east  of  Prunay.     It  advanced  to 
north  of  Thuizy,  suffering  very  heavy  losses,  estimated  to  have  been  30  to  40  per 
cent.     It  remained  in  line  until  mid- August.     After  10  weeks'  rest  the  division  was 
again  engaged  about  September  1  north  of  Prosnes  until  September  29. 
Meuse-Argonne. 

3.  The  di\'ision  was  placed  in  line  farther  to  the  east,  near  Somme  Py,  where  it 
remained  until  about  September  29,  at  which  time  it  was  put  in  reserv^e  north  of 
Bouillon.  In  the  fighting  all  three  regiments  were  exhausted,  but  the  losses  of  the 
31st  Bavarian  Regiment  were  particularly  hea\y.  Six  himdred  prisoners  were  taken 
from  the  division  at  this  time. 

4.  The  di\-ision  rested  from  October  5  to  10.  At  this  time  the  18th  Bavarian  Reserve 
Regiment,  from  the  disbanded  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division,  was  divided  among  the  three 
regiments  of  the  di\'ision. 

5.  It  came  into  line  on  October  13  east  of  Grandpreand  was  engaged  on  the  United 
States  front  until  November  11.  It  did  not  offer'a  vigorous  resistance  to  the  American 
attacks  at  first,  but  in  late  October  and  early  November  it  did  all  in  its  power  to  check 
the  American  advance. 

VALUE — -1918   estimate. 

The  di\'ision  was  rated  as  a  third-class.  The  heavy  losses  in  Champagne  in  Septem- 
ber and  October,  the  prevalent  sickness,  political  discontent,  and  dissatisfaction  with 
Prussia  continued  to  give  the  division  a  low  morale. 


262      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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23  F.  A.  Rgt. 
32  Ft.  A.  Btn.  (3  Btries.). 

1252  Light  Am.  Col. 

1253  Light  Am.  Col. 
1307  Light  Am.  Col. 

8  Pion.  Btn.: 

2  Co.  8  Pions. 

3  Co.  8  Pions. 
169  T.  M.  Co. 

44  Searchlight  Section. 
16  Signal  Command: 
16  Tel.  Detch. 
120  Wireless  Detch. 

20  Amhulance  Co. 
76  Field  Hospital. 
80  Field  Hospital. 
16  Vet.  Hospital. 

188  and  417  Pigeon  Lofts. 

208  Balloon  Sqn. 

7  Reconnaissance  Flight. 

57  Art.  Observation  Section 
(Flash-spotters). 

10  Co.  97  Labor  Btn. 

38  Div.  Pont.  Engs. 

1294  Light  Am.  Col. 

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293  Searchhght  Section. 
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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      263 

HISTORY. 

(8th  Corps  District — Rhine  Provinre.) 

1914. 
Ardennes-Marne. 

1.  In  August,  1914,  the  16th  Division  (belonging  to  the  8th  Army  Corps,  together 
with  16th  Di\dsion)  was  a  part  of  the  4th  German  Army  (Duke  of  Wurttemberg) . 
It  entered  Luxemburg  at  the  beginning  of  August  (28th  Infantry  Regiment),  there 
received  the  rest  of  its  reservists  on  the  7th,  entered  Belgian  Luxemburg  on  the  20th, 
and  went  into  action  on  the  23d  at  Bievre  and  G^dinne.  From  there,  by  way  of 
Sedan  and  Donchery  (Aug.  26),  forming  the  extreme  right  of  the  4th  Army,  it  went 
through  Champagne,  reached  Suippes  on  September  3,  and  crossed  the  Marne  near 
Vitry  le  Francois,  where  it  came  into  contact  with  the  French  forces.  It  retired, 
having  suffere<l  heavily,  by  way  of  Somme-Y6vre-Herpont-St.  Mard  sur  Auve- 
Somme  Bionne,  and  stopped  near  Perthes  les  Hiu-lus,  where  it  made  a  stand. 
Champagne. 

2.  The  16th  Division  occupied  the  sector  Souain-Perthes  during  the  winter  of 
1914  and  1915;  it  there  withstood  strong  attacks. 

Belgium. 

3.  In  November  and  December,  1914,  the  division  detached  certain  of  its  elements 
(31st  Brigade,  29th  and  69th  Infantry  Regiments)  in  Belgium,  in  the  Langemarck 
area. 

Alsace. 

4.  In  the  middle  of  December  the  31st  Brigade  was  sent  to  Alsace  for  work  near 
Mulhouse.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  Fuchs  Division,  was  in  line  north  of  Thann  and 
rejoined  the  30th  Brigade  opposite  Perthes  at  the  end  of  December. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1.  Withdrawn  from  the  Champagne  front  about  April  18-19,  1915,  the  16th  Division 
was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Briey  area,  then  transferred,  about  May  15,  north  of  Arras. 

2.  It  lost  very  hea\ily  at  Souchez  and  Neu\'ille-St.  Vaast,  withstanding  the  offen- 
sive of  May.  The  69th  Infantry  Regiment  lost  42  officers  and  1,609  men.  (Official 
List  of  Casualties.) 

AlSNE. 

3.  The  division  left  Artois  in  the  middle  of  June  and,  after  a  few  days  of  rest  near 
St.  Quentin,  went  into  line  in  the  middle  of  July,  east  of  Soissona  (Chavonne-Soupir 
sector) . 

NOUVRON. 

4.  At  the  end  of  October  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Nou\Ton,  west  of  Soissons. 

1916. 

1.  The  16th  Division  remained  on  the  Aisne  front  until  the  end  of  July,  1916. 

SOMME. 

2.  Entraining  at  Follembray,itwas  transferred  to  Ilam  and  Ncsle.  After  a  short 
stay  in  the  Maucourt  sector  (northwest  of  Roye)  at  the  beginning  of  August,  it  took 
part  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme  near  Pozi&res-Thicpval,  where  it  suffered  very  heavy 
losses  (Aug.  10-24);  the  3d  Company  of  the  29th  Infantry  Regiment  lost  131  men 
at  Pozi^res  (letter). 

Berry  au  Bag. 

3.  In  Septeml^er  the  reorganized  16th  Division  (especially  with  men  of  the  1917 
class)  occupied  a  quiet  sector  west  of  Berry  au  Bac.  In  October  the  69th  Iiifantry 
Regiment  was  withdrawn  from  the  16th  Division,  which  now  has  three  regiments 
(30th  Brigade). 


264      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

SOMME. 

4.  Relieved  aljout  the  3d  of  October  from  the  sector  west  of  Beny  au  Bac,  the 
division  entrained  at  Laon  and  was  transfeiTed  to  the  Somme.  It  went  into  line 
(Lesboeufs-Sailly-Saillsel)  on  October  9  and  suffered  heavy  losses. 

RUSSLV. 

5.  On  October  26  the  di-vdsion  left  the  Somme,  returned  for  a  few  days  (Nov.  5-lG) 
to  the  front  northwest  of  Soissons  and  entrained  for  Russia  on  November  20.  Itiner- 
ary: Liege- Aix  la  Chapelle-Dusseldorf-Hanover-Magdeburg-Berlin-Skemewitzy- 
Warsaw-Brest  Litowsk-Kovel-Turisk.     It  detraitaed  on  November  25. 

1916. 
Galicia. 

1.  On  the  Russian  front  the  IGth  Division  occupied  the  Kiselin  sector  south  of 
Kovel  (until  the  beginning  of  May.  1917). 

France. 

2.  On  May  17,  entraining  near  Kieslin,  the  division  returned  to  France  via  Vladimir 
V  o  1  y  n's  k  i-Kovel-Brest  Litowsk-Warsaw-Kalicli-(  'ottbus-Leipzig-Cassel-Coblentz- 
Gerolstein-Sedan-Attigny,  where  it  detrained  on  May  21. 

Flanders. 

3.  After  a  rest  at  Ecordal,  on  June  4  tlie  division  was  sent  to  Flanders.  Detraining 
at  Orchies,  it  marched  to  Wambrechies;  it  there  remained  for  12  days.  On  June  26 
it  went  into  line  at  Warneton,  where  the  British  attack  of  Jidy  31  did  not  cause  it  any 
serious  losses. 

4.  About  the  23d  of  September  the  16th  Division  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Bruges  area. 
Ypres. 

At  the  beginning  of  October  it  was  sent  to  the  Ypres  front. 

Some  elements  were  engaged  on  October  3  and  4  against  the  British  attacks  east 
of  Vonnebeke.  On  October  6  the  division  went  to  the  southeast  of  Poelcappelle  and 
supported  the  local  offensives,  against  the  British  troops  (Oct.  9-12). 

Tlie  16th  Di\'ision  remained  behind  the  front  from  October  12  to  November  24. 

At  this  date  it  took  over  the  sector  north  of  Becelaere  and  a  short  time  afterwards 
that  of  Passchendaele  (east),  where  it  was  relieved  about  the  middle  of  January.  1918. 

RECRUITING, 

The  16th  Division  is  recruited  almost  exclusively  from  the  Rhine  Provinces. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Before  being  engaged  on  the  Somme  the  IGth  Di\"ision  had  gained  a  wonderful 
reputation.  It  was  knov/n  as  the  "Iron  Division."  In  the  battle  of  the  Somme  it 
did  not,  however,  distinguish  itself  in  any  way. 

At  Warneton  and  at  Ypres  (June  and  October,  1917)  it  fought  stubboridy  in  spite  of 
its  heavy  losses. 

191 S. 
Ypres. 

1.  The  division  was  at  rest  in  Belgium  (Meulebeke  area)  until  about  March  1,  when 
it  W33  engaged  east  of  Passchendaele  until  March  23. 

2.  It  entrained  at  Pitthem  and  moved  to  repei"ve  at  Toiu'coing  until  April  4.  Later 
it  was  at  Lille  until  April  10. 

Battle  of  the  Lvs. 

3.  The  division  was  engaged  on  April  4  north  of  Neuve  Chapelle  and  south  of  Mer- 
ville  on  the  12th.  On  the  17th  the  G8tli  Regimeiit  was  to  attack  Ixit  was  iniable  to  do 
so  througli  weakness  and  lack  of  food.  Two  regimental  commandc-s  were  included  in 
the  heavy  casualties.     It  was  relieved  east  of  St.  Venant  on  May  1. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     265 

Mekvillk. 

4.  The  division  rested  in  Belgium  (Braine,  south,  of  Bnissels)  for  about  two  weeks. 
On  the  19th  it  was  in  line  southwest  of  Merville.  It  was  relieved  by  the  25th  Division 
on  the  night  of  July  6-7.  After  10  days'  rest  the  division  returned  to  its  former  sector 
and  continued  in  line  until  August  18. 

5.  After  leaving  the  line  on  August  IS  it  rested  near  Haubourdiu  until  the  26th,  when 
it  entrained  for  Raches  (north  of  Douai).  It  marched  toward  the  front  east  of  An-as 
by  Douai  and  Vitry,  entering  the  line  near  Vis  en  Artois  on  August  BO. 

Third  Battle  of  the  Somme. 

6.  The  division  fought  near  Dury  and  Hendecourt  until  mid-September,  losing  more 
tlian  1,500  prisoners.  It  rested  at  Bruges  until  its  return  to  line  north  of  Lens  on  Sep- 
tember 26.  It  was  driven  back  toward  Pout  a  Veudin  and  Courrieres,  northwest  of 
Orchies,  Hollain,  and  Antoing.  The  di\dsion  was  Avithdrawn  aliout  November  6 
from  the  Antoing  area. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  During  1918  it  fought  entirely 
on  the  British  front,  chiefly  on  the  defensive. 


266      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      267 


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268      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(8th  Corps  District — Rhine  Province.) 
1914. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  16th  Reserve  Division  with  the  15th  Reserve 
Division  was  a  part  of  the  8th  Reserve  Corps  and  belonged  to  the  4th  Army  (Duke  of 
Wurttemberg). 

Champagne. 

2.  On  August  14,  1914,  it  entered  Luxemburg;  on  the  21st,  Belgium.  It  went  into 
action  at  St.  Hubert  on  the  22d;  at  I^Iatton  on  the  24th;  crossed  the  Mouse  at  Sedan 
with  heavy  losses  August  26-28.  Entering  Champagne  by  way  of  Vouziers,  it  took 
part  in  tlie  battle  of  the  !Marne,  along  the  canal  from  the  ^farne  to  the  Rhine  (Heiltz 
le  Maurupt-Bignicourt-Le  Buisson). 

3.  On  September  9  it  began  its  retreat,  and  retired  by  way  of  Suippes  (Sept.  14)  to 
Cemay  en  Dormois.  About  September  20  it  stopped  in  the  area  of  Minaucourt- 
Massiges  and  took  up  its  position  there. 

4.  The  IGth  Reserve  Division  occupied  this  sector  of  Champagne  (north  of  Massiges) 
until  the  month  of  October,  1915.  (On  the  30th  of  January,  1915,  the  29th  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  had  had  a  total  of  79  officers  and  3,090  men  casualties.) 

1915. 

1.  At  the  time  of  the  French  offen-sive  in  (Champagne  the  16th  Reserve  Division 
went  into  battle  east  of  the  road  from  Tahure  to  Perthes  les  Hurlus  (Sept.  25).  It 
was  then  a  part  of  a  new  group  under  the  orders  of  Gen.  Ditfurth. 

2.  Having  suffered  heavily  from  these  attacks,  the  16th  Reserve  Division  was  re- 
lieved about  October  15  and  sent  to  the  rest  in  the  Chesne  area.  Between  October  8 
and  14  no  less  than  223  men  came  to  the  5th  Company  of  the  68tli  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  as  replacements  (in  this  number,  recruits  of  the  1915  class  vviio  had  had 
four  months'  instruction). 

AlSNE. 

3.  At  the  end  of  October  the  16tli  Reserve  Division  was  sent  north  of  the  Aisne, 
where  it  took  over  the  sector  between  Soissons  and  Vailly. 

1916. 

1.  The  16th  Reserve  Division  remained  in  line  east  of  Soissons  until  February 
16,  1916. 

Aisne. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  February  it  went  to  the  west  of  Soissons,  in  the  sector  of  Moulin 
sous  Touvent-Autreches,  which  it  occupied  until  the  month  of  October. 

3.  In  February  the  1 0th  Reserve  Division  lost  two  of  its  regiments,  the  65  th  and  29th 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiments,  which  were  replaced  by  a  single  regiment,  the  35th 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment.  It  was  then  composed  of  the  25th,  28th,  and  68th  Re- 
serve Infantry  Regiments. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  the  battle  of  the  Somme,  July  2,  the  25th  Reserve  Infantr>- 
Regiment  (2  battalions)  was  sent  by  itself  as  a  reinforcement  in  the  Barelaux  area. 
The  28th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  left  the  Kith  Reserve  Division  at  the  end  of 
July  to  be  attached  to  the  lS5th  Division,  likewise  on  the  Somme. 

5.  The  16th  Res(;rve  Division,  composed  of  the  6Sth  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment 
and  of  two  other  rogimcmts,  the  190th  Infantry  liogiment  and  the  Provisional  Hippe 
Regiment,  continued  to  occupy  the  sector  of  Moulin  sous  Touvent  (.Vugust). 

6.  The  68th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  in  its  turn  was  sent  to  the  Somme.  It 
went  into  action  near  Deni6court  (Septeml)er-October).     One  may  calculate  its  losses 


DIVISTOXS  OF  GERMAIS^  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      209 

by  the  fact  that  the  5th  Company  received  at  least  55  men  as  replacements  between 
October  2  and  6. 

7.  The  Ifith  Reserve  Di\-ision  then  comprised  the  29th  Reserv'e  Infantry  Regi- 
ment, once  more  attached  to  the  division,  the  190th  Infantry  Regiment,  and  the 
390th  Infantr\'  Regiment,  which  replaced  the  Hippe  Regiment  above  mentioned. 
Thus  constituted,  it  was  retained  in  the  area  Moulin  sous  Touvent-Autreches  until 
the  month  of  0<'tober. 

SoMME. 

8.  Relieved  on  October  15,  it  entrained  at  Tergnier  and  was  transferred  to  the 
Somme.  It  took  part  in  the  St.  Pierre-Vaast  wood  in  local  operations,  in  the  course 
of  which  it  suffered  heavily  (Nov.  4  to  28). 

9.  About  December  12  the  16th  Reserve  Division  was  sent  north  of  the  Aisne. 
It  went  into  line  in  the  Cemy  en  Laonnois  area. 

At  this  time  the  division  was  once  more  reorganized.  It  again  received  the  68th 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  which  came  back  from  the  Somme.  The  190th  Infantry 
Regiment  was  transferred  to  the  47th  Di\-ision,  and  the  390th  Infantry  Regiment, 
which  was  assigned  to  the  211th  Di^^sion,  was  replaced  by  the  30th  Reserve  In- 
fantry Regiment. 

1917. 

1.  With  this  composition  (29th,  68th,  and  30th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments)  the 
16th  Reserve  Di\'ision  occupied  the  sector  of  Cerny  en  Laonnois  from  January  to 
AprU,  1917. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

2.  It  underwent  the  French  offensive  of  April  16  between  Chivy  and  the  Cerny 
sugar  refinery,  where  it  suffered  very  heavily  (1,100  prisoners). 

3.  Relieved  on  the  Aisne  front  about  April  20,  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Sissonne 
Camp,  where  it  was  reorganized  (beginning  of  May). 

Lorraine. 

4.  About  May  10  it  went  into  line  between  the  Sanon  and  Gondrexon,  in  Lorraine. 

Alsace. 

5.  The  division  was  sent  to  Alsace  about  June  20  and  remained  in  the  Ferette 
area,  where  its  training  was  vigorously  carried  out. 

G  ALICIA. 

6.  On  July  7,  1917,  the  16th  Reserve  Division  entrained  for  the  Eastern  Front. 

7.  Detraining  on  the  12th  in  the  area  of  Rohatyn-Bourchtyn  (Galicia),  it  went  ii  to 
action  on  the  15th  near  ITalucz,  along  the  Dneister,  and  reached  Khotin,  where  the 
Russian  retreat  halted. 

8.  At  the  end  of  August  it  occupied  a  new  sector  north  of  Bojan,  east  of  Czernowitz 
(taking  of  Bojan,  Aug.  27). 

France. 

9.  The  16th  Reserve  Di\Tsion  was  ^v-ithd^awn  from  the  front  about  November  15 
and  entrained  for  France  near  Czernowitz  (Nov.  20).  Itinerary:  Kolomea-Stanislau- 
Lemberg  -  Przeymsl  -  Cracow  -  Oppeln  -  Breslau  -  Dresden  -  Chemnitz  -  Nuremberg- 
Karlsruhe  -  Haguenau  -  Saareguemines  -  Thionville  -  Sedan- Bucy  les  Pierrepont, 
where  it  detrained  on  November  29. 

Cambr.\i. 

10.  Going  into  action  southwest  of  Cambrai  (Marcoing)  on  December  6,  it  was  still 
in  this  sector  at  the  beginning  of  March,  1918. 

recruitinc. 

The  16th  Reserve  Division  is  recruited  from  the  Rhine  Province  and  all  the  Rhine 
districts.  Thus,  in  October,  1916,  it  received  men  from  the  mining  district  of  West- 
phalia, and  also  in  March,  1917. 


270      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  16th  Reserve  Division  was  a  good  division.  It  was  very  much  exhausted  on 
April  16  and  17,  1917,  in  the  Cerny  sector.  During  this  action  the  30th  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  was  remarkable  for  its  desperate  resistance  and  had  only  50  pris- 
oners taken. 

During  its  stay  in  Lorraine  (May  and  June,  1917)  the  16th  Reserve  Division  main- 
tained a  purely  defensive  attitude.  The  losses  suffered  on  the  Aisne  and  the  nature 
of  the  replacements  received  appear  to  have  sensibly  diminished  the  combat  value 
of  the  30th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment. 

In  October,  1917,  on  the  Galician  front,  the  16th  Reserve  Di\ision  was  considered 
incapable  of  participating  in  active  operations  because  of  the  large  proportion  of  older 
men  and  the  weakness  of  its  effectives  (according  to  prisoners  statements). 

1918. 

PiCARDY. 

1.  The  division  attacked  on  March  21  south  of  Marcoing.  It  was  taken  out  on  the 
3d  day  of  the  offensive  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  Ancre  area.  About  April  10  the  di^^sion 
relieved  the  107th  Division  on  the  Ancre  and  held  a  sector  until  the  107th  Di\dsion 
returned  and  relieved  on  April  27. 

Battle  op  the  Scarpe-Somme. 

2.  The  division  rested  near  Puisieux  until  May  15,  when  it  entered  the  line  north- 
west of  Beaumont  Hamel  and  remained  until  about  June  15.  It  rested  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Haplincourt  until  about  July  4,  when  it  returned  to  the  Beamnont-Hamel 
sector.  The  British  attack  in  August  forced  the  division  to  retire  through  Murau- 
mont  (23d),  Grandcourt  (24th),  Le  Barque  (25th\  and  Flers  (27th).  It  was  with- 
drawn on  August  28,  after  suffering  heavy  losses. 

3.  The  division  again  came  into  line  on  September  5  north  of  Equancourt.  In 
five  days'  fighting  it  lost  600  prisoners.  On  September  10  it  went  to  rest  in  the 
Bruges  area,  where  it  was  until  October  1 . 

Belgium. 

4.  On  October  1  the  di\dsion  relieved  the  16th  Bavarian  Division  on  the  Ypres 
battle  front,  southeast  of  Staden.  Throughout  October  it  was  engaged  at  Hooglede, 
Staden,  and  near  Wynghene.  It  was  %nthdrawn  on  October  28  and  remained  out  of 
line  in  the  Ghent  area  until  the  armistice. 

VALUE- — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  engaged  as  a  sector-holding  unit 
in  active  fronts  during  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     271 


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272      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  P.VRTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(374th   Infantry   Regiment   and  3d  Landwehr   Regiment:  1st   Coqjs   District — East 
Prussia.     379th   Landwehr   Regiment:    3d    Corps   District— Brandenburg.) 

1915. 
Poland. 

1.  The  16th  Landwehr  Division  (Landwehr  DiAosion  of  Koenigsberg,  Sommer 
Division),  providing  the  war  garrison  of  Koenigsberg.  took  part  in  the  battles  on  the 
East  Prussian  frontier  in  October,  191-1,  with  a  few  of  its  future  elements  (1st  Ersatz 
Battalion  of  the  12th  Landwehr  Regiment). 

It  was  in  the  region  of  Mariampol  from  April  until  the  end  of  August,  1915.  It  Avas 
identified  in  the  Lipsk  sector  on  August  30. 

Russia. 

2.  After  the  summer  offensive  it  was  sent  to  the  sector  between  Krevo  and  Smorgoui 
(September). 

1916. 

1.  The  division  was  in  the  Krevo-Smorgoni  sector  during  1916. 

1917. 

1.  Krevo-Smorgoni  sector. 

On  July  22  and  23,  1917,  the  16th  Landwehr  Di\-ision  suffered  very  hea^y  losses 
withstanding  Russian  attacks  in  this  area. 

During  the  months  wh.ich  followed  it  gave  its  best  elements  to  troops  on  the  Western 
Front  or  to  those  assigned  to  the  Western  Front.  At  the  end  of  Xovemljer  70  per 
cent  of  the  men  of  the  379th  Landwelu:  Regiment  Avere  between  the  ages  of  40  and  47 
years  (Russian  inteiTogatory). 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  16th  Landwehr  Division  has  always  been  on  the  Russian  front.  Its  combat 
value  appears  mediocre. 

1918. 

1.  The  16th  Landwehr  Division  was  still  in  line  near  Krevno  in  Januarj-.  MoAdng 
then  toward  the  east,  it  was  near  Orcha  in  April,  and  near  Kharkov  early  in  May. 
The  346th  Infantry  Regiment,  which  had  remained  in  Russia  after  the  departure  for 
France  of  the  two  other  regiments  of  the  1 1th  Landwehr  Division  seems  to  have 
been  attached  to  the  16th  Landwehr  Division. 

Sea  of  Azov. 

2.  Early  in  September  the  division  was  identified  in  the  Tanganrog  region. 

Roumania. 

3.  The  division  left  the  Don  region  and  went  to  Constantinople.  It  did  not  remain 
here  however,  but  left  immediately  for  Roumania.  being  identified  at  Constanza  on 
October  28. 

VALUE 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISION'S  OF  GERMAIN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  11^  WAR,      273 

leth.  Bavarian  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

9  Bav. 

11  Bav. 
14  Bav. 
21  Bav. 

9  Bav. 

8  Bav. 

11  Bav. 
14  Bav. 

Calvary 

4  Sqn.  7  Bav.  Light  Cav.  Rgt. 

4  Sqn.  7  Bav.  Light  Cav.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

Art.  command: 

3  Bav.  r.  A.  Rgt. 

8  Bav.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

1  Abt.  5  Bav.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 

709  Light  Am.  Col. 

130  Bav.  Light  Am.  Col. 

144Bav.  Light  Am.  Col. 

161  Bav.  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(16  Bav.)  Pion.  Btn.: 

14  Bav.  Res.  Pion.  Co 

15  Bav.  Res.  Pion.  Co. 

16  Bav.  T.  M.  Co. 
16  Bav.  Tel.  Deteh. 

16  Bav.  Pion.  Btn.: 

14  Bav.  Res.  Pion.  Co. 

15  Bav.  Res.  Pion.  Co. 
16  Bav.  Signal  Command: 

16  Bav.  Tel.  Deteh. 

104  Bav.  Wireless  Deteh. 
16  Bav.  T.  M.  Co. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

8  Bav.  Ambulance  Co. 
29  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

8  Bav.  Ambulance  Co. 
29  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 
52  Bav.  Field  Hospital. 

Transports 

Mt.  Col. 

697  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(3d  Bavarian  Corps  District.) 

1917. 

The  10th  Bavarian  Di\'ision  was  formed  at  the  end  of  Januan,'-,  1917,  by  taking  tliree 
infantry  regiments  from  existing  Bavarian  di\'isions — the  6th  Ba\-arian  Di^■ision 
furnished  the  11th  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment;  the  5th  Bavarian  Di\'ision  the  14th 
Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment;  tlie  Cth  Bavarian  Reserve  Di\ision  the  21st  Bavarian 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment.  The  3d  Field  Artilleiy  Regiment  came  from  the  6th 
Bavarian  Division. 

Artois. 

1.  On  February  12,  1917,  the  16th  Bavarian  Division  replaced  the  6th  Bavarian 
Reserve  Di\dsion  south  of  Lens,  opposite  Souchez.  It  suffered  serious  losses  there  in 
February  and  March  (raids  by  Canadian  troops).  After  a  period  of  rest,  in  March, 
in  the  Douai  area,  the  division  returned  opposite  Souchez  and  suffered  in  the  British 
attack  of  April  9,  which  forced  it  back  beyond  Vimy  Ridge.  It  was  relieved  on 
April  11,  A'erj'  much  exhausted. 

Flanders-Me.ssines. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  April  the  16  Bavarian  Di^'ision  took  over  the  calm  sector  of 
Armentieres  (East),  south  of  the  Lys  (Deulemont-Frelingluen).  At  the  beginning  of 
June,  on  account  of  the  menace  of  the  British  attack  on  the  Messines  front,  the  divi- 
sion was  transferred  north  of  the  I^ys.     During  the  battle  wluch  started  on  June  9  it 

125Gol°— 20 IS 


274      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

was  not  engaged  as  a  whole ;  it  sent  some  of  its  elements  southeast  of  Messines  to  reen- 
force  the  4th  Bavarian  Division. 

3.  The  16th  Bavarian  Division  left  the  Lys  sector,  beginning  of  September,  to  go 
into  reserve  near  Dadizeele,  east  of  Ypres. 

4.  On  September  20  it  came  xip  to  replace  the  Bavarian  Ersatz  Di\dsion,  which  was 
very  much  exhaiisted  by  the  British  attack.  It  counterattacked  north  of  the  Lys. 
Its  losses  were  such  that  it  was  relieved  the  next  day. 

5.  After  a  period  of  rest  at  Bruges,  the  16th  Bavarian  Division  occupied  the  coast 
sector  (Lombartzyde)  from  October  25  to  November  22. 

Cambresis. 

6.  Transferred  to  the  Cambrai  front,  it  went  into  line  on  December  3  (Bullecourt- 
Queant)  and  launched  a  local  attack  on  the  12th. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

Tlie  16th  Bavarian  Division  appears  to  be  of  good  combat  value.  It  may  be  com- 
pared with  the  best  Bavarian  Divisions.  It  was  very  much  exhausted  at  Ypres  in  1917, 
but  in  general  its  morale  remained  high. 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  division  did  not  participate  in  the  initial  attack  of  March  21,  but  remained 
in  reserve  of  the  front  at  Rumancourt.  On  the  23d  it  marched  toward  the  front 
through  Vaulx  Vraucourt.  The  division  was  engaged  at  Sapignies  on  March  25,  and 
on  the  27th  advanced  on  Gomiecourt,  Courcelles,  and  Moyenneville.  The  division 
was  relieved  on  April  7  and  rested  until  the  26th. 

Ypres. 

2.  It  was  reengaged  south  of  the  Scarpe,  south  of  Feuchy,  until  May  19,  when  it 
moved  north  and  took  over  a  sector  at  Dranoutre.  The  route  followed  was  tlirough 
Cambrai-Tourcoing-Buskeque.  On  June  20  it  went  out  to  rest  in  the  Lille  area  until 
the  beginning  of  July.  It  returned  to  its  former  sector  on  July  4  and  remained  there 
until  the  end  of  July. 

Battle  of  the  Scakpe-Somme. 

3.  It  rested  in  the  Lille  area  until  August  20,  when  it  moved  south  and  was  en- 
gaged west  of  Bapaume  (Grevillers)  in  a  German  counterattack.  It  was  tlirown  back 
on  Avesnes  les  Bapaume  (26th),  Bancourt  (30th),  Villers  au  Flos  (1st),  until  its  relief 
on  September  5.     Losses  of  the  division  were  heavy  in  this  fighting. 

4.  The  division  went  into  reserve  in  Belgium  at  Iseghem  until  the  28th.  At  tliis  time 
the  8th  Bavarian  Regiment,  coming  from  the  14th  Bavarian  Division,  replaced  the 
21st  Bavarian  Reserve,  which  was  disbanded. 

Battle  of  Dixmude. 

5.  It  was  engaged  north  of  Ypres  and  west  of  Roulers  (Westroosebeke)  from  Sep- 
tember 28  to  October  5,  with  very  heavy  losses.  The  division  was  out  of  line  for  10 
days  and  then  came  back  on  the  15th  southwest  of  Thourout.  The  Belgium  advance 
forced  it  back  southeast  of  Bruges  (Oct.  18-19).  On  the  28th  the  di^ision  was  relieved, 
but  was  obliged  to  return  to  line  on  November  3  and  fought  until  the  armistice. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  engaged  largely  in  holding  defensive 
but  active  sectors  on  the  British  front  in  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAIS^  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


275 


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276      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(9th  Corps  District — Hanseatic  cities  and  Mecklenburg.) 

1914. 

Upon  mobilization,  the  17th  Division  ^vith  the  18th  Division  formed  the  9th  Army 
Corps  (Schleswig-llolstein  and  Mecklemburg).     It  gave  its  81st  Brigade  to  the  17th 
Reserve  Division  ("Oth  ReserAe  Corps)  (new  organization). 
Belgium. 

1.  August,  1914,  the  17  til  Division  formed  a  part  of  the  1st  German  ^Vrmy  (Voa 
Kluck).  On  the  3d  of  August  it  sent  one  of  its  brigades,  the  34th  (Mecklenburg), 
to  Liege,  where  it  was  rejoined  by  its  reservists  and  by  the  other  brigade,  the  33d 
(Hanseatic),  (Aug.  9-13).  On  August  20  the  division  was  with  the  9th  Corps  of 
Louvain.  It  went  into  action  against  the  British  troops  on  the  24th.  It  went  around 
Mauberge  on  the  25th  and  passed  through  Nesle,  Roye,  Vezaponiu  (north  bank  of 
the  Aisne)  September  1. 

Makne. 

2.  The  division  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne  at  Chatillon  sur  Morin  (Sept.  6), 
Esternay-Courgivaux  (Sept.  7  and  8).  It  withdrew  by  way  of  Betz,  Cr^py  en  Yalois 
Pierrefonds,  crossed  the  Aisne  at  Rethondes  (Sept.  11),  and  stopped  in  the  area 
Carlepont,  Nampcel,  Audignicourt  (Sept.  13).  It  went  into  action  on  the  front 
Tracy  le  Mont  east  of  Moulin  sous  Touvent  (Sept.  16-21). 

OlSE. 

3.  In  October  it  took  up  the  position  near  Bailly  (from  the  Oise  to  east  of  St. 
Mard)  and  remained  there  until  the  middle  of  November,  1915.  Some  of  its  elements 
occupied  the  right  bank  of  the  Oise  near  Connectancourt  (Oct.  5  to  Dec.  25). 

4.  November  17  it  attacked  Tracy  le  Val. 

1915. 

From  January  to  October,  1915,  it  held  the  sector  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Oise, 
east  edge  of  the  St.  Mard  wood.  At  the  end  of  March  the  7Gth  Infantry  Regiment 
was  withdrawn  and  transferred  to  the  111th  Division. 

1.  Jime  14  to  IG  certain  elements  of  the  division  counterattacked  at  Quennevieres 
Champagne. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  sector  of  the  Oise  (about  Oct.  15),  the  division  was  transferred 
to  Champagne.  It  occupied  the  front  between  the  road  Souain,  Somme  Py,  and  St. 
Hilaire,  St.  Souplet.     It  launched  an  attack  on  December  7. 

1916. 

1.  The  division  was  retained  on  the  Champagne  front  northwest  of  Souain  until 
June,  1916.  — 

2.  Relieved  in  the  middle  of  June,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  area  southwest  of 
Charleville  (second  half  of  June). 

Somme, 

It  entrained  for  the  Somme  between  July  2  and  4.  Certain  elements  of  the  17th 
Division  appeared  in  the  sector  of  Biaches  la  Maisonnette,  on  July  9  and  10.  The 
entire  di\ision  was  in  line  between  Barleux  and  Belloy  (July  10  to  25)  and  suffered 
heavy  losses. 

3.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  tlu;  front  and  reorganized  (end  of  July 
to  Aug.  15). 

4.  From  August  16  to  August  20  to  llm  middle  of  September  it  again  occupied  the 
sectfir  of  Barleux-Belloy. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAISr  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     277 

Artois. 

5.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  division  was  sent  to  Artois.  It  held  the  line 
opposite  Arras,  between  Roclincourt  and  Bailly,  until  December  24. 

1917. 

SOMME. 

1.  About  January  9,  1917,  the  17th  Division  occupied  the  sector  of  Py,  south  of 
the  Ancre.  Local  combats  in  the  neighborhood  of  Grandcourt  and  Miraumont  (in 
January  and  February)  caused  it  serious  losses. 

2.  The  di\'ision  was  withdrawn  from  the  Somme  front  about  March  20,  at  the  time 
of  the  German  retirement.  It  rested  southwest  of  Douai  (end  of  March  and  beginning 
of  April). 

Artois. 

3.  On  April  10  it  was  sent  as  a  reenforcement  to  Arras  to  oppose  the  British  offensive. 
It  held  the  sector  of  Oppy-Gavrelle  and  suffered  a  great  deal  in  the  course  of  counter- 
attacks. It  was  relieved  on  April  25.  From  March  27  to  April  24  the  7th  Company 
of  90th  Fusiliers  lost  115  men.      (British  Summary  of  Information.) 

4.  After  a  rest  in  the  Tournai  area  until  May  9  the  17th  DiA-ision  went  into  line  in 
the  sector  of  Boursies,  Demicourt  (west  of  Cambrai). 

5.  Relieved  from  this  calm  sector  on  May  28,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Cambrai  area 
until  June  9. 

Flanders. 

(').  On  this  date  it  was  transferred  to  Roulers  b}^  way  of  ^'alenciennes-!Mons  and  put 
on  the  Ypres  front  north  of  Hooge.  It  was  withdrawn  three  days  before  the  British 
attack,  on  July  27,  but  suffered  heavy  losses  from  the  bombardment. 

7.  For  five  weeks,  until  September  23,  the  division  occupied  the  calm  sector  of 
Ha vrin court  (south  of  the  road  Bapaume-Cambrai). 

8.  On  September  23  it  again  entrained  for  Flanders.  Sent  by  way  of  Cambrai  to 
I^edeghem,  it  went  into  action  in  the  Polygon  wood  sector  (northeast  of  Ypres).  On 
September  26  it  counterattacked  without  success  and  with  great  losses.  It  only 
remained  in  line  for  two  days.  In  these  engagements  the  75th  Infantry  Regiment 
lost  30  officers  and  1,000  men  (British  Summary  of  Information.) 

9.  Relieved  on  September  28  from  the  Flanders  front,  the  17th  Division  was  sent 
south  of  Lens  on  October  17.     It  was  still  there  on  February,  1918. 

recruiting. 

The  17th  Division  is  recruited  from  the  Planseatic  to^vns  and  the  Duchies  of  Meck- 
lenburg. The  sectional  character  was  accentuated  in  June  1917,  when  the  89th 
Grenadiers  took  from  the  regiments  of  the  18th  Division  all  the  inhabitants  of 
Mecklenburg  who  were  in  them.     (Summary  of  Information,  June  28.) 

However,  one  must  take  into  account  a  certain  proportion  of  Poles  from  the  6th 
Corps  District,  received  in  the  replacements  of  1917. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

On  July  11,  1916,  the  following  appreciation  was  written  of  the  9th  Army  Corps: 

"The  9th  jX^my  Corps  giA'os  the  impression  of  a  Acry  good  corps  which  woidd  be  a 
formidable  adversary.  The  intellectual  level  of  officers  and  men  is  appreciably 
higher  than  that  ordinarily  encountered  in  the  German  Army.  This  fact  is  due  to 
the  recruiting  which,  in  most  cases,  is  done  in  Hamburg,  Bremen,  and  Luebeck." 

After  the  last  combats  of  I-landers  (July  and  September,  1917),  the  17th  Division 
was  considered  as  ha\'ing  its  combative  force  perceptibly  diminished  on  account  of 
its  losses. 

In  a  general  manner,  the  division  has  given  a  good  account  of  itself  in  the  course 
of  its  battles. 

The  Danes,  who  are  numerous  in  its  ranks,  fight  well  and  do  not  appear  to  occasion 
any  weakness.     (October,  1917.) 


278      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1918. 
Battle  op  Picardy. 

1.  The  (ii\'ision  was  relieved  on  the  Ache\dlle  sector  on  February  17-18  by  the 
12th  Reserve  Di\dsion  and  went  to  rest  near  Douai  until  mid-March.  On  March  21 
it  wag  engaged  near  Lagnicourt  and  Moreuil  (southeast  of  Arras),  north  of  Vaulx- 
Vraucourt  (22d),  at  Beliagnies  and  Lapigines  (24th).  The  di\'ision  was  relieved  on 
the  25th,  after  losing  50  per  cent  of  its  effectives.  It  rested  until  April  1,  when  it 
was  reengaged  near  Bucquoy  until  the  10th. 

2.  The  division  was  relieved  by  the  5th  Bavarian  Division,  retired  to  the  Favreuil- 
Sapignies-Beugnatre  area  on  the  10th,  and  the  next  day  went  into  billets  near  Cam- 
brai.  Later  it  moved  to  the  Valenciennes  area.  On  May  24  it  left  Bouchain  and 
traveled  \'ia  Marquion  to  Bapaiune,  where  it  came  into  line  on  that  evening.  While 
resting  the  di\ision  had  undergone  no  special  training.  It  is  known  to  have  received 
1,300  men  as  a  draft  during  this  period. 

3.  It  was  reengaged  in  the  Bucquoy  sector  from  May  24  to  June  23,  when  it  returned 
to  rest  near  Bouchain  until  July  17.  The  di\'ision  was  moved  to  Laon  on  July  24-25 
and  from  there  marched  to  the  Vesle  front  by  stage. 

Vesle. 

4.  About  August  1  the  division  went  into  line  between  Bazochea  and  Mont  Xotre 
Dame.  It  fell  back  on  the  Aisne  toward  Bourg  et  Comin  from  September  3-4,  where 
it  was  relieved  on  September  15-16.  The  German  communique  of  August  28  men- 
tioned the  89th  Grenadier  Regiment  for  its  conduct  against  the  Americans  at  Bazoches. 

AlSNE-AlLETTE. 

5.  The  di\Tsion  was  again  in  line  on  September  18  at  Jouy-Aizy  sector  (north  of 
VaUly).     It  retired  to  the  Ailette  on  the  30th  and  shifted  by  rail  to  Semide. 
Champagne. 

6.  On  October  4  it  was  engaged  southeast  of  Machault  (Somme  Py  road).  The 
French  attack  forced  it  back  to  east  of  Attigny,  where  it  was  relieved  on  the  19th. 

7.  The  di\'ision  rested  five  days  near  Mouzon.  It  entrained  on  October  26  and 
moved  to  Rozoy,  reaching  there  on  the  27-28th. 

Ardennes. 

8.  It  was  put  into  line  northwest  of  Chateau  Porcien  on  the  St.  Fergeux-Recouvrance 
Road  on  October  28-29th .  For  its  fighting  east  of  Banonge  on  the  29th,  the  90th  Regi- 
ment was  complimented  by  the  German  communique  of  the  30th.  (558  prisoners 
were  lost  by  the  division  on  the  29th.)  In  November  the  division  was  driven  back 
through  Seraincourt,  Remaucourt,  Chaumont  Porcien,  Rocquigny,  St.  Jean  aux  Bois. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class.  It  was  one  of  the  best  German  divisions.  Its 
conduct  in  the  March  offensive  won  the  Kaiser's  praise.  Until  August  it  was  rel- 
atively fresh,  but  after  that  was  engaged  almost  constantly  in  efforts  to  check  the 
Allied  offensive  in  Champagne.  At  the  end  the  division  was  so  reduced  in  numbers 
.that  it  could  muster  but  one  or  two  battalions. 

Its  morale  was  excellent  until  late  in  the  fall,  when  it  was  lowered  noticeably.  A 
mutiny  and  other  acts  of  indiscipline  were  rei)orted. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      279 


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280      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

UISTORY. 
(9th  Corps  District. — Schleswig-Holstein  and  the  Hanseatic  cities.) 

1914. 

1.  The  17th  Reserve  Division  formed  with  the  18th  Reserve  Division,  the  9th 
Reserve  Corps.  One  of  its  brigades  is  a  sur[)his  brigade  of  the  9th  Army  Corpa 
(the  81st). 

2.  During  the  first  part  of  the  month  of  August,  1914,  the  17th  Reserve  Division 
was  used  to  guard  the  coast  of  Schleswig-IIolstein. 

Belgium. 

3.  Entraining  on  August  23  for  Belgium,  it  was  at  Louvain  on  the  25th,  at  Brussels 
on  the  30th  (until  Sept.  3).  It  reached  Termonde  on  September  4,  and  remained 
outside  of  Antwerp. 

OlSE. 

4.  On  September  9,  it  was  transferred  in  haste  to  the  Valenciennes  area  and  then 
sent  to  the  Oise.  It  detrained  on  the  13th  at  Ohauny  and  went  into  action  on  the 
right  bank  of  the  Oise,  south  of  Noyon  (Sept.  15  to  20). 

5.  About  October  7  the  17th  Reserve  Division  was  sent  to  the  vicinity  of  Roye, 
where  it  lost  hea\'ily. 

6.  About  the  middle  of  November  the  division  occupied  the  front  between  the  Avre 
and  Roye.     On  December  20  it  was  in  line  between  Rib^court  and  Thiescourt. 

1915. 

On  January  4,  1915,  the  75th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  entrained  at  Noyon  for 
Upper  Alsace  (Hartmannswillerkopf),  and  did  not  return  to  the  division  until  !May. 
Roye  (Somme). 

1.  On  February  6  the  division  left  the  banks  of  the  Oise  to  go  back  to  the  area  south 
of  the  Avre,  between  Lassigny  and  Roye.  It  remained  in  tliia  sector  until  the  month 
of  October. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  September  elements  of  the  division  formed  a  part  of  the  Hartz 
Division  in  Artoia  (Sick  and  Balthasar  Regiments). 

Artois. 

3.  In  October  the  17th  Reserye  Division  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  south  of 
Roye  and  sent  to  Artois,  near  Lens  (Lievin-Givenchy). 

1910. 

1.  The  17th  Reserve  Division  remained  in  Artois  until  the  battle  of  the  Somme.  In 
February  it  launched  several  attacks. 

Somme. 

2.  About  the  beginning  of  July  the  163d  Infantry  Regiment  was  sent,  temporarily, 
to  reinforce  the  185th  Division,  engaged  along  the  Somme  near  Oantalmaison. 

3.  The  17th  Reserve  Di^^.sion  was  in  line  as  a  whole  north  of  the  Somme  about 
July  25  (Bazentin-Pozidres).     It  remained  there  until  August  9-14. 

4.  It  was  sent  to  rest  and  to  be  reorganized  near  Valenciennes. 

5.  At  the  end  of  August  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Loos-IIulluch  (north  of  Lens).  In 
September  the  75th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  sent  to  the  211th  Division. 

6.  About  September  21  the  division  returned  to  the  Somme  (Le  Transloy-Combles), 
where  it  lost  hea\dly  (losses,  51  per  cent). 

7.  Relieved  about  October  10  it  was  transferred  to  Belgium. 

8.  From  October  23-25  to  the  end  of  January,  1917,  it  was  in  line  between  Het 
Sas  and  the  Ypres-Roulers  railroad. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEjMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     281 

1917. 

1.  At  the  end  of  Januaiy,  1917,  the  17t]\  Reserve  Division  was  sent  for  a  month's 
rest  near  Bniges,  and  again  took  over  its  sector. 

Artois. 

2.  It  left  the  Ypres  salient  at  the  end  of  March  and  went  into  line  southeast  of 
Arras.  On  April  9  it  suffered  veiy  heavy  losses  fi'om  the  British  offensives  (2,100 
prisoners). 

3.  On  April  12-13  the  division  was  relieved  and  sent  to  rest  and  to  be  reorganized. 
Gambresis. 

4.  On  April  27  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Havrincourt  (southwest  of  Cambrai)  and 
occupied  it  until  June  1. 

AUTOIS. 

5.  Transferred  to  the  .Vrras  front,  the  17th  Reserve  Division  went  back  into  line  in 
the  sector  Gu^mappe-Monchy  le  Rreux,  where  it  launched  several  \iolent  battles 
during  the  month  of  June.  At  the  end  of  July  it  extended  its  sector  toward  the  north 
(soutli  of  the  Scarpe) . 

6.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  August  it  went  back  into  line  at  the  beginning  of  Septem- 
ber southeast  of  Arras  (Vis  en  Artois).  It  lost  especially  heaAy  during  the  gas  attacks. 
(It  received,  on  Oct.  23,  40  men  per  company,  coming  from  Hamburg  and  Beverloo, 
slightly  trained,  and  on  Nov.  10  men  taken  from  the  Russian  front.)  (Summary  of 
Information,  Dec.  2.) 

7.  The  17th  Reserve  Division  left  Artois  in  the  middle  of  November. 
Flanders. 

8.  Sent  to  Flanders  the  division  took  over  the  sector  at  Becelaere  about  November 
18.  The  division  was  engaged  against  the  British  attack  of  December  3  and  suffered 
hea\y  losses.  It  underwent  violent  attacks  and  left  the  front  in  the  beginning  of 
January,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  is  recruited  in  Schleswig-Holstein,  the  Hanseatic  cities,  and  adjacent 
parts  of  Hanover.  Some  replacement  troops  were  from  Westphalia,  and  in  September, 
1916,  men  from  Brandenburg  of  the  1917  class. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

During  the  year  1917  the  17th  Reserve  Division  launched  a  great  number  of  terrible 
attacks  on  the  Arras  front  and  in  Flanders. 

At  Becelaere  (Dec,  1917)  it  gave  proof  of  great  stubborness.  The  162d  Infantry 
Regiment  carried  out  a  successful  attack  in  this  sector  on  December  14.  However, 
a  few  montlis  before,  on  June  18,  the  163d  Infantry  Regiment  is  said  to  have  refused 
to  advance.     (Summary  of  Information,  June  19.) 

Although  this  diAdsion  is  not  one  of  the  best  in  the  German  Army  and  its  morale  is 
mediocre  it  is  capable  of  offering  serious  resistance. 

1918. 
Battle  of  the  Lys. 

1.  The  northern  sector  was  a  fairly  quiet  front  in  the  winter  months  and  the  di\d- 
sion  remained  in  line  hei'e  until  just  before  the  German  offensive  on  the  Lys  of  April  9. 
Prior  to  this  attack  all  of  the  division  but  one  battalion  of  the  76th  Reserv-e  Regiment 
was  Avithdrawn  and  sent  hurriedly  to  the  A-icinity  of  Messines.  It  attacked  there  with 
other  Gennan  divisions  on  the  morning  of  April  9  under  orders  to  take  Messines  by 
the  evening  of  the  10th  and  to  push  ahead  as  far  as  possible.  It  gained  considerable 
ground  at  heavy  cost.  Elements  of  the  7th  Division  relieved  part  of  the  17th  Reser\'e 
Division  a  few  days  later,  but  the  bulk  of  the  division  remained  in  line  until  about 


282      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAiSr  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

April  22,  when  it  waa  relieved  by  the  13th  Resen^e  Di\'ision  and  the  19th  Reserve 
Di\dsi§n. 

2.  On  April  24  the  division  arrived  in  the  Maldeghem'  area  for  a  long  rest.  Wliile 
there  the  divisional  and  the  brigade  commanders  were  decorated  for  their  part  in  the 
Lys  offensive.  Death  notices  published  in  the  German  newspapers  disclosed  the 
death  of  two  battalion  and  many  company  commanders  on  the  Lys.  \MiiIe  at  rest 
the  division  went  through  courses  of  training.  On  June  4  it  entrained  at  Eecloo  and 
moved  \da  Mona  and  Marie  to  Tergnier.  At  this  time  the  Noyon  offensive  (June  9) 
was  being  organized.  The  division  marched  at  night  to  Boulogne  la  Grasse  (10th) 
and  went  into  line  on  the  evening  of  the  11th  near  Mery,  relieving  the  227th  Division. 

OlSE. 

3.  The  division  was  in  heavy  fighting  immediately  and  suffered  severely  in  the 
successful  Fi'ench  counteroffensive  of  Jime  16. 

Battle  op  the  Matz. 

4.  The  French  attack  in  August  threw  the  division  back  on  Canny  sur  Matz  and 
later  north  of  Fresnierea.  It  passed  to  second  line  about  August  31 ,  but  was  reengaged 
on  September  5  at  Esmery-Hallon.  It  sxiffered  heavy  losses  and  was  taken  out  on 
September  9. 

5.  The  division  was  moved  to  Lorraine,  where  it  rested  a  month  and  returned  to 
Le  Cateau  on  October  10. 

6.  The  division  was  engaged  at  Le  Cateau  on  October  11  and  resisted  the  British 
attack  ixntil  November  3.  It  fought  near  Le  Cateau  (Oct.  18),  Bazuel  (21st),  Forest 
(23d),  Landrecies  (24th),  and  Boia  L'Eveque  (Oct.  27).  The  di\ision  received  the 
men  of  the  265th  Reserve  Regiment  (lOSth  Division)  as  a  draft  in  October. 

7.  The  division  was  out  of  line  from  November  3  to  the  armistice. 

VALUE 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class.  Its  effectives  were  generally  young;  31  per 
cent  belong  to  the  1919  class  and  18  per  cent  to  the  1918  class  on  October  1.  It  took 
a  prominent  part  in  the  Lys  and  Noyon  offensives,  winning  a  reputation  for  its  vigorous 
attacks.     Its  defensive  work  in  October  around  Le  Cateau  was  of  a  high  order. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     283 


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284      DIVISIOXS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  P.VRTICIPATED  IIN"  WAE. 

HISTORY. 

(380th  Infantry  Regiment:  1st  and  17th  Corps  Districta.     381st  Infantry'  Regiment: 
12th  and  5th  Cori:)g  Districts.) 

1915. 

1.  The  17th  Landwehr  Di^T-sion,  formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  in  the  Xiemcn  Army, 
with  the  elements  of  the  former  Esebeck  Brigade,  api^eared  about  the  month  of 
December,  1915. 

Russia. 

2.  Before  forming  a  part  of  the  17th  Landwehr  Di\-ision  the  Esebeck  Brigade  took 
part  in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians  north  of  Kovno  (July-August,  1915),  was 
east  of  Vilna  about  the  end  of  September,  and  took  up  its  position  west  of  Kosiany 
(northwest  of  Posta^y)  in  October. 

POSTAVY. 

3.  The  17th  Landwehr  Division,  being  formed  in  this  sector  by  the  addition  of  the 
23d  Landsturm  Regiment  to  the  Esebeck  Brigade,  remained  in  line  in  the  area  of 
Vidzy-Postavy  (Tveretch),  from  the  end  of  1915  to  the  beginning  of  1918. 

191(). 
1.  The  Division  remained  in  the  Tveretch  sector. 

1917. 
1.  The  Di\"ision  remained  in  the  Tveretch  sector. 

VALUE 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  is  of  mediocre  value. 

1918. 

1.  The  17th  Landwehr  Division  was  identified  in  the  Tveretch  region  toward  the 
end  of  January. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  March  it  advanced  into  Russia  and  was  identified  in  the 
Polotsk-Vitebsk  region  in  March,  April,  and  June. 

3.  The  division  was  identified  on  the  Don  on  Sejjtember  26.  . 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  or  GERMAIN-  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      285 


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HISTORY. 

(9tli  Corps  District — Schleswig-Holstein.) 

1914. 
Belgium-Marne. 

1.  At  tlie  outbreak  of  the  war  tlie  18th  Division  (of  the  9th  Army  Corps,  with  the 
17th  Di\'ision)  formed  a  part  of  the  1st  Army  (Von  Kluck).  Entraining  at  Aix  la 
Chapelle  August  8-10,  it  was  before  Liege  on  the  13th,  went  into  action  at  Tirlemonf 
on  the  18th,  at  Mons  on  the  23d,  entered  France  on  the  25th,  crossed  the  Mame  at 
Chateau  Thierry  on  September  3,  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Mame  on  Septem- 
ber 6  and  7,  at  Esternay  and  Oourgivaux. 

AlSNE. 

2.  After  the  retreat  it  took  up  its  position  north  of  the  Aisne,  where  it  remained 
for  more  than  a  year  in  various  parts  of  the  sector. 

1915. 

In  March,  1915,  the  84th  Infantry  Regiment  was  taken  from  the  18th  Division  to 
help  in  the  formation  of  the  54th  Di\'ision. 

Aisne. 

1.  Until  October,  1915,  the  18th  Division  occupied  the  sectors  of  the  Aisne.  On 
June  3  the  8Gth  Fusiliers  attacked  at  Quennevieres,  suffering  enormous  losses.  (Be- 
tween June  18  and  July  3  its  5th  Company  received  at  least  115  men  as  replacements; 
the  8th  Company,  120.) 

Champagne. 

2.  From  October,  1915,  until  June,  1916,  the  iSth  Division  was  in  Champagne 
(Souain  area). 

1916. 

1.  On  February  25,  1916,  the  31st  Infantry  Regiment  suffered  heavy  losses  south 
of  St.  Marie  a  Py;  its  11th  Company  was  entirely  destroyed  or  captured. 

SOMME. 

2.  From  July  to  September,  1916,  the  18th  Division  was  in  action  along  the  Somme 
(south  of  the  Somme).  At  Belloy,  on  September  4,  the  4th  Company  of  the  86th 
Fusiliers  was  destroyed  with  the  exception  of  23  men. 

Artois. 

3.  From  Octol)er  until  the  lieginning  of  Dereml)er  the  division  was  in  the  Arras 
area  (east). 

4.  It  left  Artois  about  December  12  to  take  over  a  sector  along  the  Somme  (Grand- 
court). 

1917. 
Somme. 

1.  About  Feljruarj'  18,  1917,  the  18th  Division  was  withdrawn  from  the  front,  then 
sent  back  into  line  at  the  beginning  of  March,  at  Puisieux-Gommecourt  (Somme). 

Artois. 

2.  At  the  end  of  March  it  was  transfeiTed  to  Artois,  north  of  tbe  Scarpc,  and  went 
into  action  at  Roeux  and  Fampoux,  from  April  10  to  April  23. 

3.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  April,  it  went  back  into  line  about  May  8,  in  the  area  south 
of  Arras,  and  from  that  date  until  the  end  of  August  occupied  sectors  in  the  v-icinity 
of  Cambrai  (Villers-Ploiiich,  TIavTinrourt,  IVIarcoing). 

Flanders. 

4.  On  August  27  the  18th  Division  was  relieved  from  the  Cambrai  front  (Ribecourt- 
Marcoing  sector)  and  entrained  for  Flanders,  whore  it  was  made  an  army  reserve  in 
the  Ruddervoorde  (northeast  of  Thourout).     It  was  there  reorganized  with  replace- 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  "WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      287 

menta  coming  from  troops  of  the  9tb.  Corpa  District  stationed  in  Russia  (taken  from 
tlie  426th.  Infantry  Regiment,  the  31st  Landwehr  Regiment,  and  the  3d  Ersatz  Re- 
serve Regiment). 

5.  It  went  into  the  sector  Mangelaere  about  September  16  and  underwent  the 
Franco-BritLsh  attack  of  October  9,  which  caused  it  rather  serious  losses. 

Russia. 

6.  The  18th  Division  was  relieved  about  October  14  and  transferred  to  Russia, 
where  it  made  a  rather  short  stay  in  the  Vilna  area. 

Alsace. 

7.  It  was  back  in  Upper  Alsace  about  the  end  of  November,  in  the  region  of  Mul- 
house,  at  the  beginning  of  February,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  18th  Division  is  recruited  from  Schleswig-Holstein  (Prussians  and  Danes).  A 
certain  proportion  of  Poles  from  Silesia  appeared  in  the  replacements  of  1917  (espe- 
cially in  the  31st  Infantry  Regiment). 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  iSth  Division  has  always  passed  as  being  a  good  division.  However,  in  the 
coitrse  of  the  Franco-British  attack  of  October  9,  1917,  none  of  its  elements  carried 
out  the  counterattacks  described  by  their  leaders;  however,  in  order  to  form  a  correct 
judgment  of  this,  one  must  take  account  of  the  intensity  of  the  bombardment,  the 
state  of  the  terrain,  and  the  weakness  of  the  effectives  in  line  at  that  moment. 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1.  The  18th  Division  left  Alsace,  entraining  at  Mulhouse,  about  the  12th  of  Feb- 
ruary', and  traveled  via  Thionville  and  Sedan  to  Bertry,  where  it  detrained  after  a 
journey  of  2h  days.  It  relieved  the  107th  Division  near  Gonnelieu  (south  of  Cambrai) 
the  16th.  It  was  withdrawn  the  beginning  of  March,  and  had  a  few  days'  training 
near  Ligny  en  Cambresis. 

2.  It  left  here  on  the  17th  and  marched  to  Malincourt,  where  it  stayed  three  days. 

St.  Quentin. 

3.  It  reenforced  the  battle  front  near  Ilargicourt  (north  of  St.  Quentin)  on  March 
21.  The  next  day  the  division  commander  was  killed.  The  division  was  withdrawn 
about  the  26th. 

SOMME. 

4.  During  the  night  of  March  29-30  the  division  relieved  the  1st  Division  near 
Sailly  le  Sec  (south  of  Albert).  Here  again  heavy  losses  were  suffered.  The  di\dsion 
received  a  draft  of  500  men,  mostly  returned  w"ounded.  It  is  not  clear  jiLst  what  hap- 
pened during  this  period  and  as  late  as  about  the  18th  of  May,  when  the  division  waa 
withdrawn,  but  it  seems  as  though  its  regiments  and  the  regiments  of  the  50th  Re- 
serv'e  Division  and  the  199th  Division  interrelieved  each  other. 

Tournai. 

5.  The  division  went  to  the  Tournai  region,  where  it  rested,  was  completely  re- 
constituted, and  trained. 

SoiSSONS. 

6.  On  August  1  it  reenforced  the  battle  front  near  Launoy  (southwest  of  Soissons), 
after  ha\-ing  left  Tournai  July  21  and  having  detrained  at  La  Fere  the  following  day. 
Toward  the  end  of  its  tour  in  line  (it  was  withdrawn  during  the  night  of  Oct.  12-13), 
it  retreated  along  the  line  Froidmont-Eppes. 


288      DIVISIOXS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

OlSE. 

7.  The  dhdsion  was  transported  by  truck  and  relieved  tlie  22d  Reserve  Division 
near  Berno\-ille  (northeast  of  St.  Quentin )  on  October  15.  On  the  17th  it  withdrew 
to  Grougis,  and  then  to  the  Sambre  Canal.  During  these  operations  it  lost  more  than 
500  prisoners.     It  was  withdrawn  about  the  28th. 

8.  On  November  4  the  di^■ision  reenforced  the  front  near  IIannape.s  (north  of  Guise) 
and  withdrew,  with  tlie  remainder  of  the  line,  through  Iron,  the  Nouvion  r^on, 
Boulogne  sur  Helpe,  and  Etroeung.     It  was  still  in  line  on  the  11th. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  18th  Division  is  rated  as  being  first  class.  Since  the  spring,  however,  it  has  not 
been  used  to  any  great  extent  where  heavy  fighting  was  in  progress,  and  it  may  well 
be  it  has  deteriorated.  It  is  known  that  part  of  the  6th  Company  of  the  86th  Regiment 
refused  to  go  into  line  on  October  25  until  it  was  threatened  with  being  shot. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     289 


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290      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE. 

HISTORY. 

(9th  Corpa  District — Schleswig-Holstein  and  Mecklenburg.; 

1914. 

1.  The  18th  Reserve  Division  formed  the  9th  Reserve  Corps,  with  the  17th  Reserve 
Di\dsion. 

Belgium. 

2.  From  the  outbreak  of  the  war  until  August  22,  1914,  the  18th  Reserve  Division 
was  guarding  the  coast  of  Schleswig-Holstein.  Entraining  alx)ut  this  time,  it  went 
into  Belgiiun,  where  it  advanced  rapidly.  After  taking  and  sacking  Louvain  (Aug. 
25)  it  occupied  Hamme  (Sept.  1),  Termonde  (Sept.  4). 

OlSE. 

3.  On  the  9th  it  was  hastily  transferred  by  way  of  Tournai  and  Valenciennes  to  the 
Oise  area.  Entraining  on  the  13th  at  Chauny,  it  reenforced  the  front  south  of  Noyon 
and  went  into  action  between  Carlepont  and  Lassigny  (Sept.  15-21). 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  ISth  Reserve  Division  was  taken  to  the  valley 
ot  the  Avre.     It  fought  in  the  vicinity  of  Roye  (Laucourt,  Oct.  2-3).     At  the  beginning 
of  November  the  di^'ision  front  extended  between  the  A^Te  and  BeuATaignes. 
Lassigny. 

5.  On  November  15  it  bore  to  the  south  and  held  the  region  of  the  Loges-Lassigny 
wood. 

1915. 

In  March,  1915,  it  gave  the  90th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  54th  Di\'ision, 
a  new  formation. 

1.  The  18th  Reserve  Division  occupied  the  Lassigny  area  until  October,  1915, 
without  any  serious  engagements.  In  October  it  took  over  elements  of  the  Hartz 
Division  (6th  Army),  among  others  the  3d  Battalion  of  the  31st  Infantrj'  Regiment 
which  contained  foiu*  battalions  from  May,  1915,  to  September,  1916. 

Artois. 

2.  About  October  23  the  division  was  sent  to  Artois  (Givenchy),  where  it  launched 
several  local  attacks. 

1916. 

1.  The  18th  Reserve  Division  remained  in  the  Lievin-Givenchy  sector  until  July, 
191G. 

SOMME. 

2.  After  a  few  days  at  rest.  July  13  to  July  28,  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme, 
north  of  Pozieres,  in  several  serious  attacks. 

3.  It  was  reorganized  in  the  Valenciennes  area  during  the  second  half  of  August. 

4.  At  the  end  of  August,  it  was  sent  northeast  of  Lens  (Pont  a  Vendin). 

5.  At  the  l)eginning  of  October  the  18th  Reserve  Division  again  went  into  action 
along  the  Somme,  north  of  Combles,  (Morval,  Sailly  Saillisel).  It  suffered  hea\'ily 
in  a  series  of  local  attacks. 

Flanders. 

6.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  about  October  12-16,  the  division  was  transferred  to 
Belgimn.     On  October  23-25  it  went  into  line  north  of  Y'pres. 

1917. 

1.  The  18th  Reserve  Division  occupied  the  Ypres  salient  (Pilkem)  until  the  end  of 
March,  1917. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     291 

Artois. 

2.  After  a  short  rest  at  Roulers,  the  division  was  concentrated  at  Vitry  en  Artois 
(Apr.  1).  Going  into  action  southeast  of  Arras  (Heninel),  it  underwent  the  British 
attack  (Apr.  9),  which  caused  it  heavy  losses  (500  prisoners). 

3.  The  di\'ision  left  the  Artois  front  about  April  15,  and  after  a  few  days  at  rest  took 
over  the  sector  of  Cherisy-Guemappe  (southeast  of  Arras  in  May). 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  June  the  18th  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  and  sent  to  rest. 
Flanders. 

5.  Transferred  to  Flanders  about  June  16,  it  first  remained  in  reserve  behind  the 
Messines  front.  On  July  3  the  division  was  in  action  west  of  Houthem  and  suffered 
severe  losses  in  consequence  of  local  actions  and  bombardments. 

6.  Relieved  about  August  8,  it  was  at  rest  in  the  Cambrai  area  until  August  16. 
It  then  occupied  the  quiet  sector  of  Queant  (west  of  Cambrai)  until  the  middle  of 
October. 

7.  It  was  sent  to  Flanders  again  on  October  20,  and  went  into  line  near  the  Ypres- 
Menin  railroad  (Oct.  28-29). 

RECRUITING. 

The  18th  Reserve  Division  is  recruited  in  Schleswig-Holstein. 

The  Mecklenburgers,  according  to  an  order  in  1917,  had  to  return  to  their  national 
regiment,  the  90th  Infantry  Reserve  Regiment,  which  no  longer  belonged  to  the 
division.  A  limited  number  of  men  from  the  7th  and  10th  Corps  districts  (Westphalia 
and  Hanover)  is  found. 

VALUE    1917 — ESTIMATE. 

The  18th  Reserve  Division  has  the  same  value  as  the  17th  Reserve  Division. 
At  the  end  of  1917  it  is  difficult  to  form  an  opinion  as  to  its  combat  value. 
It  has  not  been  in  any  serious  action  since  the  battle  of  Arras,  having  arrived 
in  Flanders  when  the  autumn  operations  were  about  at  an  end.  The  morale  of  the 
division  may  be  considered  as  passable.  (British  Summary  of  Information,  February, 
1918.) 

1918. 

1.  The  18th  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  by  the  214th  Division  in  the  Gheluvelt 
sector  on  January  6.  It  went  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Menin  and  while  there  was 
intensively  trained  in  open  warfare. 

Ypres. 

2.  On  February  18  the  division  relieved  the  214th  Division  in  its  former  sector  north 
of  Gheluvelt  (east  of  Ypres).  It  was  relieved  by  the  7th  Reserve  Division  about 
March  31. 

La  Bassee. 

3.  It  reinforced  the  battle  front  near  Locon  (northwest  of  La  Bassee)  on  April  9,  and 
was  withdrawn  about  the  18th,  going  to  rest  in  the  Sainghin  area  (southeast  of  Lille). 

4.  On  May  14  it  relieved  the  25th  Division  west  of  Locon,  and  was  relieved  by  the 
extension  of  fronts  of  the  neighboring  divisions  about  the  18th  of  June,  when  it  went 
to  rest  in  the  region  of  Gondocourt  (east  of  La  Bassee). 

5.  About  the  14th  of  July  it  relieved  the  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division  near  Givenchy 
(north  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal — -west  of  La  Bassee);  relieved  September  3,  it  went  to 
rest  in  the  region  north  of  Denain. 

Cambrai. 

6.  On  the  29th  of  September  the  division  reentered  the  line  near  Proville  and 
Rumilly  (south  of  Cambrai),  and  was  still  in  line  when  the  armistice  was  signed.  It 
was  thought  that  it  had  been  withdrawn  October  8,  again  on  the  18th,  and  on  the  4th 
of  November,  but  considering  the  speed  with  which  the  German  ^\^thdrawal  was 


292      DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

executed,  the  confusion  necessarily  incident  thereto,  and  the  fact  that  the  divisic/n 
always  turned  up  a  day  or  two  later  in  the  same  relative  position  it  had  previously 
occupied,  it  seems  best  to  assume  that  it  was  continuously  in  line. 

VALUE — 19T8  ESTIMATE. 

The  ISth  Reserve  is  considered  a  second-class  division.  It  did  not  distinguish 
itself  in  the  Lys  offensive,  and  it  is  reported  that  thereafter  it  was  to  be  used  onlj-  as 
a  holding  division.  At  any  rate,  it  engaged  in  no  other  German  offensives,  and, 
indeed,  no  other  heavy  fighting,  until  the  beginning  of  October  or  sometime  after 
practically  the  whole  front  had  become  active  on  account  of  the  combined  allied  push. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     293 


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294      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(47th  Landwehr  Regiment:  5th  Corps  district. — Posen.)     (57th  Landwehr  Regiment: 
7th  Corps  district. — ^W^estphalia.)     (72d  Landwehr  Regiment:  4th  Corps  district. — 
Prussian  Saxony.) 

1914-15. 
Russia. 

1.  The  18th  Landwehr  Division  is  the  former  Bredow  Division. 
Poland. 

2.  After  being  engaged  in  September,  1914,  in  the  battle  of  the  Mazurian  Lakes, 
the  Bredow  Di\dsion  fought  in  the  Polish  campaign:  Battle  of  Warsaw  (Oct.  9-19, 
1914);  battles  on  the  Rawka  (Oct.  22-28);  near  Czenstochow  (Nov.  10-Dec.  15); 
between  Pilica  and  Nidi,  in  the  moimtainous  region  of  Kielce  (December,  1914,  to 
July,  1915). 

3.  In  the  middle  of  July,  1915,  the  division  was  in  action  near  Sienno  and  before 
Ivangorod  (breaking  of  the  Russian  front),  crossed  the  Vistula  (end  of  July),  was  in 
action  between  the  Vistula  and  the  Bug  (Aug.  8-18),  and  advanced  in  action  as  far 
as  Slonim  and  the  Upper  Chtchara  (September).  The  front  becoming  stabilized  in 
this  area,  the  Bredow  Di\ision  took  up  its  position  southeast  of  Novo-Grudok  (near 
Goroditche  in  October  and  November).  At  the  end  of  November  it  went  into  the 
sector  southeast  of  Liakhovitchi  (south  of  Baranovitchi).  The  number  18  appears  to 
be  given  to  the  Bredow  Di\'ision  in  December. 

1916. 
Baranovitchi. 

1.  The  18th  Landwehr  Division  remained  on  the  front  south  of  Baranovitchi 
(Liakhovitchi)  for  more  than  two  years  (November,  1915,  to  the  beginning  of  1918). 
From  July  2  to  July  9,  1916,  it  withstood  the  Russian  attacks  in  this  area. 

2.  In  June,  1916,  two  regiments  of  the  division,  the  57th  Landwehr  and  the  133d 
Landwehr,  were  transferred  to  Volhyania  (north  of  Lutsk),  assigned  to  the  Rusche 
Di\dsion  and  were  in  action  against  the  offensive  of  Broussilov.  The  57th  Landwehr 
Regiment  rejoined  the  18th  Landwehr  Division  near  Barano\itchi  in  August.  The 
133d  Landw  ehr  Regiment  was  provisionally  a  part  of  the  92d  Division. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  held  the  sector  Baranovitchi-Liakhovitchi. 

2.  In  October  900  men  from  the  18th  Landwehr  DiN-ision,  chosen  from  among  the 
youngest,  were  entrained  for  the  western  front.  In  April  a  number  had  been  taken 
from  the  72d  Landwehr  Regiment  for  the  5th  Reserve  Division.  In  November  the 
47th  Landwehr  Regiment  furnished  men  to  the  15th  Division.  As  the  18th  Landwehr 
Division  had  received  no  replacements  since  the  end  of  July,  the  trench  strength  of 
the  72d  Landwehr  Regiment  had  fallen,  at  the  end  of  October,  to  50-60  men  per 
company  (Russian  interrogation). 

value — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  has  been  on  the  Russian  front  since  the  beginning  of  the  war.  Combat 
value  appears  to  be  mediocre. 

191S. 

1.  In  February,  1918,  the  18th  Landwehr  Division  advanced  into  the  interior  of 
Russia.  The  72d  Landwehr  Regiment  was  identified  between  Mohilev  and  Gomel 
on  February  2.  In  May  the  57th  Landwehr  Regiment  held  the  very  long  front  from 
north  of  Kopys  to  south  of  Chklov. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  June  the  division  was  in  the  Orcha  region.  It  was  again  iden- 
tified in  the  region  of  Mohilev  on  the  22d  of  September. 

3.  There  were  rumors  during  October  that  the  division  had  come  to  the  Woevre, 
but  since  the  division  was  never  actually  identified  it  is  not  believed  that  it  left 
Russia. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     295 


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296      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAlSr  ARMY  WHICH  PARTTCUPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(10th  Corps  District — Hanover  and  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg.) 

1914. 

1.  The  19th  Division  constituted,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  with  the  20th  Divi- 
sion, the  10th  Army  Corps  (Hanover),  which  was  a  part  of  the  2d  Army  (Von  Buelow). 
Belgium-Marne. 

2.  On  August  3  one  of  its  brigades,  the  38th,  was  at  ^lalm^dy  for  the  attack  upon 
Li^ge,  where  it  went  into  action  on  the  5th.  After  the  fall  of  Li4ge  the  19th  Divi- 
sion, going  around  Namur  on  the  north,  fought  at  Charleroi  on  the  23d,  entered 
France  on  the  25th,  and  went  into  action  at  Guise,  at  St.  Quentln.  It  took  part  in 
the  battle  of  the  Marne  on  the  right  of  the  20th  Dixdsion ,  and  then  mthdrew  %vith 
that  division  to  the  northwest  of  Reims. 

Champagne. 

3.  In  October  it  was  in  the  same  sector  attached  to  the  7th  Army  (Von  Heeringen) 
and  remained  during  the  winter  of  1914-15. 

1915. 
Russia. 

1.  In  March,  1915,  the  73d  Fusiliers  left  the  di\'ision  to  become  a  part  of  the  111th 
Di\ision  (a  new  formation). 

2.  In  April  the  19th  Division  was  sent  (with  the  20th)  to  Galicia,  where  it  took 
part  in  the  offensive  of  Mackensen's  army.  This  campaign  caused  hea\'y  losses; 
in  the  91st  Infantry  Regiment,  between  May  and  September,  the  casualties  totaled 
127  officers  and  4,291  men.     (Official  List  of  casualties.) 

3.  Entraining  at  Warsaw  on  September  17  the  19th  Division,  together  -with  the 
20th,  was  taken  to  ^Vntwerp,  then,  by  way  of  Namur  and  Givet,  to  Champagne.  There 
it  remained  behind  the  front  to  reinforce  the  3d  Army  at  the  time  of  our  attack  on 
the  Champagne  front  (September) 

France. 

4.  Itwasrelievedabout  October  17.  After  a  few  days  rest  in  the  area  of  Grandlup, 
Missy  les  Pierrepont,  it  occupied  the  Hurtebise-Vauclerc  line  at  the  end  of  October. 

AlSNE. 

5.  About  December  19  it  was  withdrawn  to  the  rear  (Parfondru  area).  It  remained 
in  reserve  of  the  army  and  received  training. 

1910. 

1.  The  division  again  went  into  line  at  the  beginning  of  January',  191G  (Hurtebise- 
Vauclerc  sector)  and  remained  there  until  the  middle  of  May.  Then  it  was  sent  to 
Sissonne  and  received  training  until  June  7. 

Russia. 

2.  About  June  8  it  left  Sissonne  and  entrained  for  the  Eastern  Front.  Itinerary: 
Laon-Sedan-Trfeves-Coblentz-Limberg-Marburg-Cassel -Leipzig  -  Breslau  -  Bautzen  - 
Iwagorod-Kovel  (June  12). 

3.  The  division  was  retrained  on  the  Russian  front  from  June  until  November. 
It  underwent  the  Broussliov  offensive,  and  in  November  formed  a  part  of  the  4th 
Austrian  Army  in  action  on  the  Volhynia  front. 

France. 

4.  About  November  8  it  entrained  and  left  Russia  to  return  to  the  Western  Front. 
Itinerary:  Kovel  Brest  Litowsk-^^'ar8aw-Thorn-Berlin-Hanover-Aix  la  Chapelle- 
Li6ge-Namur-Givet-IIirson. 

5.  After  a  few  days  of  rest,  the  19th  Division  entrained  for  Rethel.  It  was  billeted 
in  the  vicinitv  until  the  end  of  December. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      297 

1917. 

1.  After  a  stay  in  Alsace  (January,  1917)  the  19th  Di\-ision  came  into  reserve  in 
Champagne  in  February. 

Champagne. 

2.  On  February  24  it  occupied  the  sector  Ripont,  Cernay  en  Dormois. 

3.  On  March  6  it  was  transferred  to  the  Rheims  front  (Brimont,  Cavaliers  de  Coucy 
in  April  and  May).     Only  its  right  vdng  was  engaged  in  the  French  offensive. 

4.  Relieved  on  the  10th  of  June  and  sent  to  rest,  it  was  in  action  shortly  afterwards 
southwest  of  Moron\'illiers,  then  on  the  Comillet-Monc  St.  Blond  front,  where  it 
underwent  the  French  attacks  of  July  14  and  suffered  heavy  losses. 

5.  On  July  20,  it  left  this  area  and  in  two  days  marched  to  the  sector  north  of  Ville 
sur  Tourbe. 

Meuse. 

6.  About  September  7  it  was  sent  to  the  Verdun  area  (Beaurcont-Samogneu^x). 
It  there  launched  several  attacks. 

7.  Relieved  from  the  Beaumont  sector  at  the  end  of  December,  the  19th  Division 
occupied  the  Forges  sector  (left  bank  of  the  Meuse)  about  January  6,  1918.  There  it 
was  relieved  by  the  84th  Division  beginning  of  February. 

RECRUITING. 

The  19th  Division  is  recruited  from  Hanover.  The  91st  Infantry  Regiment  is  re- 
cruited in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg.  There  were  very  few  replacements  from 
other  corps  districts. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  19th  Division  must  be  considered  a  good  division  (September,  1917). 

1918. 

1.  The  division  rested  at  Stenay  until  Match  6,  when  it  entrained  and  traveled  via 
Sedan-Charleville-Anor  to  Landrecies,  going  into  billets  at  Hecq.  On  the  17th  it 
marched  to  Croix  and  in  the  evening  proceeded  via  Le  Cateau  to  Honnechy.  On 
the  night  of  March  19-20  it  marched  to  Brancourt,  and  on  the  21st  followed  up  the 
attack  as  far  as  Maissemy.  The  91st  Regiment  crossed  the  Somme  at  Brie  on  the  25th 
and  by  the  28th  had  reached  Harbonnieres.    • 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  It  was  in  support  until  the  31st,  when  it  was  engaged  near  Marcelcaves.  In  the 
fighting  in  this  locality  between  the  30th  and  April  6,  the  division  lost  50  per  cent 
of  its  effectives.  The  heaviest  losses  were  incurred  on  March  31  at  Brie  where  a  bat- 
talion commander,  ordered  to  attack,  was  unable  to  do  so  because  of  his  losses. 

3.  The  division  rested  until  April  16  in  the  neighborhood  of  Proyart  and  Framer- 
ville.     About  1,000  men  were  received  as  reinforcements  at  this  time. 

Somme. 

4.  It  was  engaged  on  April  18,  north  of  Hangard,  until  the  20th.  Two  days  of  rest  at 
Harbonnieres  followed,  and  it- returned  to  line  on  the  24th.  The  French  attack  of 
the  2Gth  caused  the  division  severe  losses  and  it  withdrew  on  April  28.  It  was  reen- 
gaged on  the  same  sector  on  May  6  and  in  line  until  May  29.  While  in  line  the  division 
received  drafts  of  1,200  men. 

5.  The  division  rested  until  the  1st  of  June  in  the  vicinity  of  Cambrai.  It  marched 
toward  the  Lassigny  front  by  night,  passing  through  Ham  (June  2),  Esmery-Hallon, 
Tilloloy  (June  7-8)' 


298     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 
NOYON. 

6.  It  was  engaged  on  June  9  in  the  Lataule  wood  and  was  in  line  until  the  14th.  It 
entrained  on  the  21st  and  moved  to  Lorraine,  where  it  relieved  the  3d  Guard  Division 
at  Bezanges  on  June  25.  It  rested  on  this  quiet  front  until  July  29,  when  the  81st 
Reserve  Division  from  Flanders  relieved  it. 

Vesle. 

7.  The  division  rested  near  Fort  Brimont  iintil  mid-August,  when  it  moved  by 
stages  to  the  Vesle  front.  It  entered  the  line  northeast  of  Fismes  on  September  1 
and  remained  during  the  month.  The  division  withstood  the  French  attack  of  the 
31st,  losing  about  700  prisoners.  It  was  forced  to  retire  on  Ventelay  and  Chaudardes 
(Oct.  1),  and  later  on  Pontavert,  Craonne,  toward  Siseonne  (Oct.  11-12).  It  was  in 
second  line  about  the  13th  to  18th. 

Laon. 

8.  On  October  19  it  was  again  in  line  near  Sissonne.  In  the  retreat  it  retired  by 
Boucourt,  la  Ville  aux  Bois,  Montcornet.  After  November  4  it  was  identified  near 
Renneval,  I\ders,  and  Aubenton  (Nov.  8). 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class.  It  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  best  German 
divisions.  It  resisted  with  great  obstinacy  the  French  counterattack  at  Hangard, 
April  26.     Its  morale  remained  good  until  the  end  of  October. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     299 


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300    Divisioisrs  of  German  army  which  participated  in  war. 

HISTORY. 

(10th  Corps  District. — Hanover;  Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenburg;  Duchy  of  Brunswick.) 

1914. 
Belgium-Marne  . 

1.  The  19th  Reserve  Di\ision,  constituting  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  ^\'ith  the  2d 
Reserve  Guard  Division,  the  10th  Reserve  Corps,  was  a  part  of  the  2d  Army  (Von 
Buelow).  It  entrained  near  Cologne  August  10-12,  was  concentrated  at  the  Elsenhom 
Camp  and  entered  Belgium  on  the  loth  by  way  of  Spa.  Going  dovra  the  left  bank 
of  the  Meiise  near  Li^ge,  it  crossed  the  Sambre  west  of  Charleroi  on  the  22d;  went 
into  action  on  the  23d  at  Nalinnes;  entered  France  on  the  2Gth  at  Avesnes,  and  fought 
on  the  29th  and  30th  between  St.  Quentin  and  Ribemont.  Continuing  on  its  way 
through  Braine,  it  crossed  the  Mame  at  Dormans  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the 
Mame  between  Vauchamps  and  Montmirail  (Sept.  6  to  7). 

2.  It  retired  on  the  7th  by  way  of  Orbais,  Vertus,  Epemay,  Rilly  la  Montagne 
(Sept.  10)  Rheims  (Sept.  12). 

Champagne. 

3.  It  fought,  in  the  middle  of  September,  north  of  Rheims  and  established  itself 
on  the  front  Brimont-Courcy-B^theny  (October-December). 

1915. 

1.  The  division  occupied  the  sector  north  of  Rheims  until  the  beginning  of  February, 
1915. 

Perthes. 

2.  About  February  2,  elements  of  the  di\'ision  were  transferred  to  the  Somme  Py 
and  went  into  action  in  the  Perthes  les  Hurlus  area,  where  they  took  part  in  serious 
battles. 

3.  The  division  remained  in  Champagne  (Souain-Perthes)  until  the  month  of 
April. 

Alsace. 

4.  About  the  end  of  April  it  was  sent  to  Alsace  (valley  of  the  Fecht).  At  this  time, 
the  10th  Reserve  Corps  was  broken  up  because  of  the  emplo\-ment  of  its  two  di^•isions 
on  two  separate  fronts  (19th  Resene  Di\Tsion,  Vosges,  2d  ReserAe  Guard  Division,  in 
the  north).  These  two  divisions  are  now  independent.  The  19th  Reserve  Division 
suffered  very  heaA-ily  in  Alsace  (valley  of  the  Fecht)  and  lost  154  officers  and  5,033 
men  (Official  List  of  Casualties),  of  whom  60  officers  and  1,964  men  belong  to  the  74th 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment. 

Champagne. 

5.  On  September  30  the  37th  Reserve  Brigade  entrained  to  reenforce  the  units 
engaged  in  the  Tahiu-e  sector  (Champagne),  where  it  went  into  action  on  October  8. 
Alsace. 

6.  The  37th  Reserve  Brigade  rejoined  the  39th  Reserve  Brigade  in  Alsace  at  the 
beginning  of  November.  At  this  time  the  entire  division  was  concentrated  in  the 
Aicinity  of  Mulhouse. 

7.  In  December  elements  of  the  19th  Reserve  Di\dsion  took  part  in  the  struggle 
for  the  possession  of  Hartmannswillerkopf  (Dec.  21-29). 

1916. 

1.  The  19th  Reserve  Division  remained  in  the  Meuse  area  until  March,  1916. 
Verdun. 

2.  About  March  15  the  di^dsion  entrained  and  was  transferred  to  Verdun.  It  went 
into  action  in  the  sector  Douaimiont-Haudremont-Thiaiunont  (Apr.  17  to  June  21). 


DIVISIOlSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     301 

Its  regiments  made  successi\  e  atUu-ks  and  suffered  heavily  (attacks  of  Apr.  17,  24, 
May  7,  and  June  21).     At  the  end  of  April  and  during  the  month  of  May,  elements 
of  the  division  were  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Montm^dy. 
Argonne. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  July  the  19th  Reserve  Div-ision  was  withdrawn  from  the 
Verdun  front  and  went  into  the  Argonne  (La  Harazee).  It  had  lost  79  per  cent  of  its 
infantry  at  Verdun.  From  April  25  to  July  19  the  4th  Company  of  the  74th  Infantry 
Regiment  had  received  no  less  than  195  men  as  replacements;  the  9th  Company  of 
the  73d  Infantiy  Regiment,  211  men. 

SOMME. 

4.  On  October  10  it  was  transferred  to  the  Somme  (sector  of  Gueudecourt  les  Boeufs) 
and  took  part  in  limited  actions  which  caused  serious  losses. 

C6tes  de  Meuse. 

5.  Relieved  on  October  26-28,  it  went  into  line  on  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  (Les  Eparges) 
on  October  31. 

1917. 
Chemin  des  Dames. 

1.  On  February  18,  1917,  the  19th  Preserve  Di^dsion  left  the  Eparges  sector  for  the 
front  south  of  Laon.  Concentrated  in  the  region  of  Arrancy-Ste.  Croix,  it  went  into 
line  about  March  1,  on  the  crest  of  the  Chemin  des  Dames  (Ailles-IIurtebise).  It 
underwent  the  French  attack  of  April  IG,  which  caused  it  to  suffer  severely  (900  pris- 
oners). 

On  April  20  elements  of  the  Division  launched  a  counterattack  (Poteau  d'  Allies). 
The  19th  Resei^^es  Division  remained  in  line  until  April  21. 
Russia. 

2.  After  two  weeks'  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sissonne,  the  division  was  transferred  to 
Russia.  It  entrained  at  La  Capelle  on  May  7.  Itinerary:  Charleroi-Namur-Liege- 
Aix  le  Chapelle  -Dusseldorf-IIanover-Berlin-Bromberg-Koenigsberg-Shavli-Mitau ; 
detraining  at  Gross-Ekkau  on  May  11,  it  was  called  on  July  23  to  help  the  exhausted 
226th  Division  between  Smorgoni  and  Krevo. 

Riga. 

3.  At  the  end  of  August  or  the  beginning  of  September  the  division  took  part  in 
the  operations  which  began  at  the  taking  of  Riga  and  of  Duenamuemde  (September). 

France. 

4.  On  September  11  the  division  entrained  near  Uxkull  for  the  Western  Front. 
Itinerary:  Mitau  -  Shavli  -  Koenigsberg -  Posen  -  Cottbus-  Leipzig-  Gotha-  IMayence- 
Kreuznach-Luxemburg-Sedan-Hirson.  It  detrained  at  Vervins  on  September  17. 
Flanders. 

5.  Transferred  to  Flanders  (Sept.  20-24)  it  occupied  the  Polygon  wood  sector  east 
of  Ypres  (Sept.  28).  It  underwent  the  British  attack  of  October  4,  when  it  lost  verj' 
heavily.  It  was  relieved  immediately.  (On  Sept.  29  the  12th  Company  of  the  92d 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  had  only  3  officers  and  86  men.) 

Meuse. 

6.  After  a  rest  near  Sedan,  in  the  course  of  which  it  was  reorganized  with  mixed 
replacements  from  Beverloo  and  the  recruit  depot  of  the  228th  Division,  the  division 
went  northwest  of  Verdun  in  October  (Malancourt  sector). 

7.  Sent  to  rest  in  the  Stenay  area  on  December  22,  the  19th  Reserve  Division  occu- 
pied the  Chaiune  wood  sector  on  January  15,  1918.     It  was  still  there  at  the  beginning 

of  March. 

recruiting. 

The  19th  Reserve  Division  is  recruited  from  the  10th  Corps  District  (Hanover, 
Oldenburg,  Brunswick).     There  are  few  elements  foreign  to  the  district. 


302      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

During  the  French  offensive  on  the  Chemin  des  Dames  on  April  10  the  19th  Reserve 
Division  gave  the  impression  of  ha\-ing  energetic  and  intelligent  leadership.  The 
attitude  of  the  men  was  generally  good. 

The  di^dsion  suffered  enormous  losses  on  the  Aisne. 

The  quality  .of  the  replacements  received  and  its  stay  on  the  Russian  front  have 
diminished  the  value  of  this  di\dsion,  which  was  a  good  combat  unit. 

The  presence  of  a  certain  number  of  Poles  and  Alsatians  must  be  noted  who  are 
inclined  to  desertion  (07  deserters  from  the  73d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  on  Sept- 
28,  1917).     (November,  1917.) 

1918. 

1.  About  April  6  the  division  was  relieved  and  moved  to  Belgium,  entering  line 
at  Dixmude  on  April  17. 

Battle  of  the  Lts. 

2.  On  the  25th  the  division  moved  south  and  reenforced  the  battle  front  at  Vier- 
straat.  It  fought  in  the  Ypres  area  until  ^May  1,  when  it  was  relieved,  after  losing 
about  40  per  cent  of  its  effectives. 

Champagne. 

3.  The  division  appeared  in  Champagne  on  May  10,  taking  over  the  sector  west  of 
the  Suippe  fi-om  the  232d  Di\Tsion.  About  June  1  a  battalion  of  the  78th  Reser^'e 
Regiment  was  detached  and  took  part  in  the  attack  on  Rheims.  Afterwards  it  re- 
turned and  the  complete  division  was  in  its  sector  on  June  15.  The  division  was 
withdrawn  from  Champagne  just  before  the  July  offensive. 

4.  It  was  reengaged  in  Champagne  on  July  27  south  of  Le  Mont  sans  Nom.  It 
continued  in  this  sector  until  the  1st  of  September. 

5.  The  di\'ision  moved  directly  from  line  in  Champagne  to  line  south  of  Coney  le 
Chateau,  where  it  was  engaged  until  October  14.  Withdrawn  from  the  Selle  front, 
elements  of  the  di'vision  were  immediately  engaged  on  the  Oise  at  Mont  d'Origny 
(Oct.  17),  but  the  bulk  of  the  di\'ision  was  not  identified  until  October  24,  south  of 
Catillon.  Until  the  armistice  the  division  fought  in  the  vicinity  of  Catillon  (Nov. 
4)  Fesmy  (5th),  Prisches  (6th),  Lemont  Fontaine  (8th). 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  di\'ision  was  rated  as  first  class.  In  1918,  except  for  the  Lys  offensive  in  April, 
the  division  was  engaged  only  on  the  defensive. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      303 


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304      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(12th  and  19th  Corps  Districts — Saxony.) 

1914. 

VOSGES. 

1.  The  19th  Ersatz  Division  (Saxon)  detrained  on  August  18,  1914,  before  Strass- 
burg.  In  action  in  the  Yosges  on  the  20th,  it  went  up  the  valley  of  the  Bruche  and 
fought  on  the  Meurthe  below  St.  Die,  at  St.  ^Michel,  and  advanced  to  La  Salle  (Sept.  6). 

LORR.UNE. 

2.  Having  suffered  in  these  engagements,  the  division  was  withdrawn.  On  Sep- 
tember 19  it  was  in  the  Blamont  area,  where  it  was  reenforced  by  the  5th  Bavarian 
Landwehr  Brigade.     It  occupied  the  sector  of  Blamont-Ember-Menil-Parroy. 

191.5. 

TiORRAINE. 

1.  In  1915,  and  until  October,  1916,  it  guarded  the  same  front  in  Lorraine  (from 
the  canal  of  the  Marne  to  the  Rhine  as  far  as  the  Cirey  area). 

2.  About  the  month  of  April  the  100th  Landwehr  was  reattached  to  the  division, 
the  battalions  of  which  were  grouped  in  July  into  4  Ersatz  Regiments  (Nos.  23,  32, 
24,  40). 

1916. 
Lorraine. 

1.  During  its  stay  in  Lorraine  the  19th  Ersatz  Division  was  not  engaged  in  any 
serious  fighting.  The  23d  Ersatz  alone  took  part  in  the  affair  of  Thiaville,  February 
28,  1916. 

Cotes  de  Meuse. 

2.  Relieved  in  the  area  of  Badon\Tller-Leintrey,  at  the  beginning  of  October, 
191G,  the  19th  Ersatz  Division  was  reduced  to  three  regiments  (23d,  32d,  24th  Ersatz) 
and  sent  to  the  Briey  area  (Oct.  8)  and  from  there  to  Yerdun  (sector  of  Watronville- 

Damloup). 

1917. 
Cotes  de  Meuse. 

1.  The  10th  Ersatz  Division  remained  in  the  same  sector  of  the  Cotes  de  Jleuse  for 
almost  all  of  the  year  1917.     It  lost  very  slightly. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  sector  !Moranville-Watronville  about  November,  the  diA-i- 
eion  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Longwy  area. 

Bezonvaux. 

3.  About  December  8,  it  was  assembled  and  sent  to  Spincoiirt  where,  on  Decem- 
ber 11,  it  went  into  line  north  of  Bezonvaux. 

recruiting. 

The  19th  Ersatz  Division  is  recruited  from  the  Kingdom  of  Saxony. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  19th  Ersatz  Division  remained  in  Lorraine  for  a  long  time;  it  did  not  take  part 
in  any  serious  battles.  After  October,  1916,  it  only  occupied  quiet  sectors  on  the 
Cotes  de  Meuse. 

It  can  not  be  considered  as  an  attack  division. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  occupied  the  quiet  Beaumont  sector  until  June  30,  when  it  was 
put  at  rest  near  Longuyon  until  July  11.  During  this  time  the  divLsion  was  given 
training  to  fit  it  for  a  war  of  movement.     On  July  16  it  was  moved  to  the  Rheima 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     305 

front.     Entrained  at  ^Montmedy  on  the  12th,  the  division  reached  Nouvion  Porcien 
the  next  day,  and  went  by  stages  to  Bermericourt  (northeast  of  Rheims),  where  it 
rested  in  reserve.     On  the  17th  it  moved  to  the  vicinity  of  Rozoy. 
Battle  of  the  Aisne-Marne. 

2.  From  July  20  to  31  the  division  was  engaged  in  severe  fighting  at  Plessier-Huleu 
and  Grand  Rozoy. 

3.  It  rested  near  Marie  until  the  21st  of  August  undergoing  reconstruction.  It 
entrained  on  that  date  at  Voyenne  and  reached  La  Fere  the  next  day,  from  where  it 
marched  to  Barisis  and  Folembray. 

Battle  op  the  Ah^ette. 

4.  The  division  entered  the  line  in  the  Quierzy-^Manicamp-Champs  area  on 
August  23.  It  sustained  a  French  attack  on  the  28th,  losing  nearly  500  prisoners. 
The  division  was  Avithdrawn  on  September  3. 

5.  The  division  was  moved  l)y  train  from  Voyenne  to  Haboudange  via  ]\Iarle  !Mont- 
cornet,  Sedan,  Montmedy,  Longuyon,  Avidun  le  Roman,  Thionville,  ]\Ietz,  and 
Benestroff.  It  marched  to  Hampont  to  the  Huhnerwald  Camp,  where  it  rested  until 
September  15. 

Lorraine. 

6.  It  entered  line  at  Arracourt  on  the  15th  and  occupied  that  quiet  sector  until 
the  end  of  hostilities. 

value — 191S  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  In  1918  it  saw  but  two  weeks'  service  on  an 
active  front. 

125651°— 20 20 


HOC)      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     307 

HISTORY. 

(383d  Landwehr  Regiment:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.  385th  Landwehr  Regi- 
ment: 7th  Corpa  District — Westphalia.  388th  Landwehr  Regiment:  12th  Corps 
District — Saxony.) 

1916. 

Uelgium. 

1.  The  19th  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  at  the  same  time  as  the  divi'^ions  of  the 
200  Series  (September-October,  1916).  It  was  formed  at  Cortemarck  on  September 
29,  1916,  by  the  union  of  the  383d,  385th,  and  388th  Landwehr  Regiments.  These 
were  made  up  of  Landsturm  battalions  (Service  of  Supplies)  of  the  4th  Army  in 
Belgium,  to  which  were  added  returned  wounded.  The  3d  Battalion  of  the  388th 
Landwehr  Regiment  (Saxon)  is  the  old  4th  Battalion  of  the  100th  Landwehr. 

DiXMUDE. 

2.  In  the  beginning  of  October,  1916,  the  19th  Landwehr  Division  replaced  the  204th 
Division  in  the  Dixmude-Steenstraat  sector.     It  remained  there  more  than  a  year. 

1917. 
Russia. 

1.  Relieved  from  the  Dixmude  front  about  the  middle  of  October,  1917,  the  19th 
Landwehr  Division  was  transferred  to  Russia  at  the  beginning  of  November. 

Riga. 

2.  Arriving  in  the  Riga  area  about  November  15,  it  went  into  line  near  the  coast. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  19th  Landwehr  Division  is  made  up  either  of  elderly  soldiers  or  those  of  mediocre 

physical  strength,  forming  a  body  of  men  incapable,  it  appears,  of  an  offensive  effort. 

In  Belgium,  however,  the  division  organized  an  assault  troop  capable  of  making 

assaults. 

1918. 
Livonia. 

1.  The  19th  Landwehr  Division  was  identified  on  the  shores  of  the  Baltic  in  March. 
The  383d  Landwehr  Regiment  was  at  Libau  on  May  8 ;  the  385th  Landwehr  Regiment 
at  Riga  on  the  15th. 

Finland. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  July  all  three  regiments  of  the  division  were  identified  in  Fin- 
land, but  seem  to  have  gone  to  Esthonia  by  August,  where  they  were  again  identified 
in  October. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


308    Divisio:s^s  of  germax  army  which  participated  in  war. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      309 

HISTORY. 

(10th  Corps  District — Hanover  and  Brunswick.) 

1914. 

The  20th  Division  and  the  10th  DiAision  formed  the  10th  Army  Corps  (Hanover). 
France. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  "war  the  20th  Di\'ision  went  to  the  Elsenborn  Camp, 
August  8-10,  and  entered  Belgium  on  the  11th.  It  was  a  part,  with  the  10th  Corps, 
of  the  2d  Army  (Von  Buelow).  It  fought  at  Charleroi,  at  Guise,  at  St.  Quentin.  It 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne  from  September  6  to  9  (Congy,  Mondement),  after 
which  it  retired  by  way  of  Neufchatel  sur  Aisne  to  the  northwest  of  Rheioas.  It  took 
up  its  position  between  the  Aisne  and  Brimont. 

1915. 

At  the  beginning  of  1915  it  was  still  holding  the  lines  in  the  vicinity  of  Rheims. 
At  the  end  of  March  the  164th  Infantry  Regiment  was  transferred  to  the  111th  Division 
(new  formation). 

Galacia. 

2.  At  the  end  of  April,  with  its  regiments  raised  to  four  battalions  each,  the  20th 
Division  (as  well  as  the  19th  Di\'ision)  was  sent  to  Galacia,  where  it  took  part  in  the 
operation  of  Mackensen's  army.  It  lost  very  hea\'ily  there.  From  July  28  to  Septem- 
ber 23  the  11th  Company  of  the  77th  Infantry  Regiment  received  at  least  133  men  as 
replacements. 

France. 

3.  Brought  back  to  France  in  September,  the  20th  Division  took  part,  in  the  month 
of  October,  in  the  battles  in  the  Champagne. 

4.  From  November,  1915,  to  June,  1916,  it  held  a  sector  north  of  the  Aisne  (west 

of  Craonne). 

1916. 
Russia. 

1.  On  June  8,  1916,  the  20th  Di\dsion,  with  all  of  the  10th  Army  Corps,  was  trans- 
ferred again  to  the  Eastern  Front.  In  four  days  it  arrived  in  the  Kovel  area  by  way 
of  Berlin  and  Brest  Litowsk. 

2.  On  June  13  it  was  engaged  in  stopping  the  Russian  advance  and  then  occupied 
a  sector  near  Kiselin.     Its  regiments  were  filled  up  in  September  and  October. 

From  June  to  November  the  losses  of  the  92d  Infantry  Regiment  had  averaged 
160  men  per  company.     (Statements  of  deserters.)     This  is  the  number  of  the  replace- 
ments received  during  the  same  period  by  the  9th  Company  of  the  77th  Infantry 
Regiment. 
France. 

3.  The  20th  Division  was  relieved  on  November  11  and  entrained  on  the  15th  for 
France.  Itinerary:  Warsaw-Kalich-Berlin-Dusseldorf-Aix  la  Chapelle-Liege- 
Namur.  Billeted  first  in  the  area  of  Anor  Hirson,  the  20th  Di\asion  was  sent  to  the 
Sissonne  Camp,  where  its  regiments  received  training 

4.  At  the  end  of  December  the  division  took  over  the  sector  of  Moulin  sous  Touvent, 
Chevillecourt,  where  it  was  relieved  on  January  30,  1917. 

1917. 

1.  In  February,  1917,  the  20th  Di\asion  was  transferred  to  Alsace  (Sundgau)  in 
anticipation  of  a  French  offensive. 

2.  In  the  beginning  of  ilarch  it  was  brought  back  to  the  Laon  area,  where  it  was 
billeted  until  the  French  attack  of  A  pril  16;  its  regiments  received  some  replacements. 


310    Divisioisrs  OF  germ  ax  army  which  participated  in  war. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

3.  In  the  night  of  April  16  all  the  units  of  the  division  were  assembled.  On  April 
17-18  they  took  their  positions  along  the  plateau  of  the  Chemin  des  Dames  on  both 
sides  of  Cerny  en  Laonnois,  reliexing  the  16th  Reserve  DixTsion,  ■w-hich  had  suf- 
fered hea^'}'  losses.  Between  April  18  and  ^lay  5  the  three  regiments  of  the  20th 
Division  suffered  heavy  losses  from  bombardments.  On  May  5  (renewal  of  the  general 
attack  by  the  French)  the  division  again  lost  heavily.  It  was  relieved  immediately 
after  the  attack.  (Apr.  27  to  Aug.  10,  the  10th  Company  of  the  77th  Infantry  Regiment 
had  received  not  less  than  211  men  as  replacements.) 

4.  After  a  few  weeks  of  rest,  the  division  was  put  into  line  (end  of  J^Iay)  in  a  sector 
of  Champagne  (Moron villiers). 

Russia. 

5.  In  the  beginning  oi  July  it  was  relieved  and  transferred  for  a  third  time  to  the 
Russian  front,  first  in  Galicia  and  then  in  Courland.  It  remained  there  until  Septem- 
ber 19.  At  this  date  it  entrained  at  Riga  and  was  brought  back  to  France  by  way  of 
Chavli,  Kovno,  Grodno,  Bromberg,  Berlin,  Hanover,  Cologne,  Aix  la  Chapelle, 
Mons,  Valenciennes. 

Flanders. 

6.  Arriving  at  Roulers  on  September  27,  it  immediately  went  into  action  in  an 
attacking  sector,  north  of  Zonnebeke,  without  having  any  rest,  on  October  4. 
Artois. 

7.  Relieved  almost  immediately,  it  was  put  into  line  on  October  17  in  the  Queant 
sector,  where  it  still  was  at  the  beginning  of  February,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

It  is  recriuted  from  the  Province  of  Hanover  in  the  Duchy  of  Brunswick. 

value 1917    ESTIMATE. 

It  had  very  heavy  losses  on  May  5,  1917  (many  killed,  700  prisoners),  which,  joined 
to  the  preceding  losses,  lessened  the  value  of  the  20th  Division  very  much. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  two  weeks  before  the  attack  of  May  5  the  units  of  the  division 

defended  themselv^es  obstinately. 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  by  the  119th  Division  about  the  middle  of  January; 
it,  in  turn,  relieved  the  119th  Division  during  the  first  week  in  February.  It  was 
relieved  by  the  195th  Division  on  February  16,  and  marched  to  Aubigny  au  Bac; 
it  reached  Basaecles  (southeast  of  Tournaii  the  18th.  Here  it  was  given  a  month's 
course  of  training  in  open  warfare. 

2.  On  March  14  the  division  marched  to  Peruwelz  and  then  via  St.  Amand-Lourches- 
Bouchain,  arriving  at  Pronville,  where  it  entered  line  on  the  20th.  It  advanced 
through  Noreuil,  Bapaume,  Grevillers,  Irles,  and  Miraumont.  During  this  fighting 
the  division  suffered  severely,  its  casualties  amounting  to  50  per  cent  of  its  effectives; 
very  few  officers  left.  It  did  not  advance  with  the  rest  of  the  line  during  the  night 
of  the  24-25th,  its  place  being  taken  by  the  24th  Division.  It  followed  in  support 
of  the  line,  however,  and  relieved  the  24th  Division  east  of  Colincamps  on  the  29th. 
A  document  captured  on  the  28th  shows  that  the  strength  of  the  3d  Battalion  of  the 
77th  Regiment  (excluding  the  machine  gun  company)  was  reduced  to  214  men. 
Another  battalion  was  reduced  to  80  men  and  1  officer. 

WOEVRE. 

3.  The  division  was  withdrawn  early  in  April,  and  was  sent  to  the  Mars  la  Tour 
region,  where  it  rested  and  was  reconstituted.  About  the  20th  it  relieved  the  82d 
Reserve  Division   in   the  Seuzey-Lamorville-Spada  sector   (north  of  St.  Mihiel); 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      311 

relieved  toward  the  end  of  the  month,  it  went  to  the  Arlon  area,  where  it  received 
large  drafts  (in  large  part  of  the  1919  class),  and  where  it  was  put  through  a  long  and 
thorough  course  of  training.  Toward  the  end  of  June  it  was  transported  to  the  Sedan 
area,  from  which  it  marched  (about  July  15)  toward  Soissons. 

SOISSONS. 

4.  On  the  21st  of  July  the  division  reinforced  the  front  near  Villemontoire  (south  o. 
Soissons).  Here  hea^y  losses  were  again  suffered.  It  was  relieved  by  the  50th  Reserve 
Di\'ision  on  the  29th  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Chimay  area,  where  it  received  a  draft 
from  the  disbanded  260th  Reserve  Regiment  (78th  Reserve  Division). 

Arras. 

5.  On  the  night  of  the  27-28th  of  August  the  di\-ision  moved  up  into  the  Drocourt- 
Queant  line,  south  of  Drocourt,  and  during  the  following  days  went  into  line  in  the 
Oppy  sector  (northeast  of  Arras),  where  a  British  attack  was  expected.  The  division 
was  withdrawn  again  during  the  night  of  September  1-2. 

6.  On  the  3d  of  September  it  came  into  line  near  Ecourt  St.  Quentin  (south  of 
Arleux),  and  covered  the  withdrawal  across  the  Canal  du  Nord.  It  was  -withdrawn 
on  the  10th. 

Cambrai. 

7.  On  the  12th  it  counterattacked  in  the  Havrincourt  sector  (southwest  of  Cambrai). 
During  the  subsequent  fighting  the  di^^sion  suffered  hea\y  losses.  It  was  with- 
drawn on  the  1st  of  October. 

8.  After  a  few  days'  rest  it  relieved  the  21st  Di\-ision  in  the  Montbrehain  sector 
(southeast  of  Cambrai),  where  it  fought  until  the  13th,  when  it  was  relieved  and  went 
to  the  \'icinity  of  Montmedy,  where  it  rested  for  about  three  weeks.  Losses,  70 
per  cent. 

Meuse. 

9.  The  di\Tsion  was  expected  to  enter  line  west  of  the  Meuse,  but  the  orders  were 
changed  suddenly,  and  it  entered  line  to  the  east  of  it  near  Re\ille  on  November  5. 
It  remained  in  line  until  the  11th,  not  being  hea\aly  engaged,  however,  all  the  pris- 
oners captiu-ed  subsequently  stating  that  they  were  members  of  rear-guard  detach- 
ments. 

VALUE 1918    E.STIMATE. 

The  20th  is  rated  as  a  first-class  di\-ision.  It  fought  well  throughout  the  year  and 
suffered  enormous  losses.  Besides  the  replacements  already  noted,  the  di\'ision 
received  a  large  draft  from  its  recruit  depot  in  September  (about  50  men  per  com- 
pany); September  28,  the  92d  Regiment  received  93  men;  October  30,  the  com- 
panies received  30  men  apiece  from  the  27th  Reserve  Regiment  (197th  Di\'ision, 
dissolved);  the  companies  had  a  combat  strength  of  80  to  100  men. 


312      DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAK  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      313 

HISTORY. 

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Regiment:  9th  Corps  District— Mecklenburg.     387tli  Landwehr  Regiment:  (?). 

1910. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  20th  Landwehr  DiA-ision  dates  from  September  29,  1916.  It  was  formed  at 
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Belgium,  and  one-third  of  returned  wounded. 

DiXMUDE. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  October,  1916,  the  20th  Landwehr  Division  relieved  the 
20(ith  Di^dsion  in  the  sector  Dixmude-Schoorlmkke.  It  was  retained  there  until  the 
middle  of  November,  1917. 

1917. 
Cambrai. 

1 .  Sent  into  line  southwest  of  Cambrai  (Nov.  1917),  the  diA'ision  suffered  heavily 
in  the  British  offensive  of  November  20,  when  it  lost  2,773  men  as  prisoners.  It  was 
relieved  the  day  after  this  action. 

Russia. 

2.  Between  Novemlier  28  and  December  5,  tlie  20th  Landwehr  Division  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  Eastern  Front. 

VALUE — 1917    estimate. 

The  division  is  of  mediocre  value. 

1918. 
Pinsk-L'kraine. 

1.  Af ter  having  held  the  sector  south  of  Pinsk  from  December,  1917,  to  February,  1918, 
the  20th  Landwehr  Di\'ision  went  into  the  Ukraine  in  jMarch.  The  384tli  Landwehr 
Reriment  was  in  the  region  west  of  Gomel  on  April  23;  the  di\ision  was  at  Jitomir  in 
May.     Tlie  di\dsion  was  still  in  Ukraine  on  tlie  16th  of  October. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


314      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     315 

HISTORY. 

(18th  Corps  District — Hesse-Nassau,  Hesse-Homboiirg,  Frankfort.) 

1914. 

The  21st  Division  belonged  organically  vrith  the  25th  Division  of  the  18th  Army- 
Corps  District  (Frankfort  on  the  Main). 
Ardennes. 

1.  In  August,  1914,  it  formed  a  part  of  the  4th  Army  (Duke  of  Wurttemberg) . 
Entering  Luxemburg  on  August  10,  Belgium  August  12,  it  fought  on  the  20th  at 
Neuf  Chateau,  on  the  22d  at  Bertrix  and  Orgeo,  on  the  24th  at  Matton,  and  crossed 
the  Meuse  on  the  28th. 

Marne. 

2.  In  September  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne  between  Vitry  and  Sermaize 
(Etrepy,  Pargny  sur  Saulx).  From  there  it  retired  in  the  direction  of  Rheinis,  being 
in  action  northwest  of  the  city  from  September  15  to  20. 

3.  In  October  it  was  reassigned  %vith  the  18th  Army  Corps  to  the  2d  Army,  which 
at  this  tima  formed  the  right  flank  of  the  German  Army  (vicinity  of  Roye). 

1915. 

SOMME. 

1.  It  was  retained  with  its  army  corps  for  a  year  in  the  vicinity  of  Roye  (until  Oct. 
15,  1915).  In  March,  the  25th  Division  transfen'ed  the  88th  Infantry  Regiment  for 
the  formation  of  the  56th  Division. 

2.  On  October  15,  1915,  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  and  sent  for  a  long  rest 
near  St.  Quentin. 

1916. 

The  80th  Fusiliers  took  part  in  the  attack  at  Frise  on  January  29,  1916.    A  few 
days  afterwards  the  21st  Division  was  transferred  north  of  Verdun. 
Verdun. 

1.  From  February  27  to  March  16  it  was  engaged  at  Verdun  (Caures  wood,  Louve- 
mont,  Douaumont). 

2.  From  March  17  to  April  9  it  was  reorganized  (imperial  re\iew  on  Apr.  1,  at 
Marville). 

3.  From  April  10  to  25  it  again  attacked  at  Verdim.  One  may  judge  of  the  losses 
by  the  replacements  destined  to  make  them  good :  From  February  27  to  May  10  the 
1st  Company  of  the  80th  Fusiliers  received  at  least  205  men;  the  5th  Company  of 
the  81st  Infantry  Regiment  at  least  306  (Soldbuecher).  The  total  losses  of  the  21st 
Division  from  March  15  to  May  19,  1916,  amounted  to  8,549  officers  and  jirivates  for 
the  infantry  alone.     (Official  List  of  Casualties.) 

4.  About  May  15  the  21st  Division  occupied  the  sector  west  of  Craonne,  where  it 
was  relieved  in  September.  Two  battalions  of  the  87th  Infantry  Regiment  were 
sent  in  haste  to  Fricourt  at  the  time  of  the  Somme  offensive  (July  2). 

Somme. 

5.  Between  September  12  and  15  the  21st  Division  was  transferred  to  the  Somme 
(sectors  of  Clery-Bouchavesnes),  where  it  suffered  hea\'ily. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  Wivs  withdrawn  from  the  Somme  front  and  sent 
to  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  in  the  Apremont  area,  which  it  occujued  luitil  November  10. 

7.  At  the  end  of  November  it  again  went  into  action  on  the  Somme  (sector  of 
Gomiecourt  wood  of  Kratz)  and  remained  tliere  until  February  10,  wlien  it  went  to 
rest  near  Chaumont  Porcien. 


316      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1917. 

AlSNE. 

1.  On  February  26,  1917,  the  21st  Division  was  taken  to  the  front  south  of  Berry  au 
Bac,  between  the  Godat  and  Loi\Te. 

2.  The  three  regiments  of  tlie  division  were  on  line  on  April  16  and  underwent  our 
attack,  which  caused  them  very  lieaw  losses  (2,319  prisoners"). 

Russia. 

3.  Relieved,  about  April  19,  the  21st  Division  rested  for  a  few  days  in  the  Neufchatel 
area  and  then  entrained  for  tlie  Eastern  Front  (about  May  9).  On  the  IGth  it  detrained 
at  Allna.  After  reorganization,  it  took  over  a  sector,  on  June  14,  in  the  neighborhood 
of  Postav}'  (nortli  of  Lake  Narotch),  which  it  occupied  until  the  end  of  September. 
There  was  no  important  operation  during  this  period. 

France. 

4.  On  September  25  it  was  again  transferred  to  France.  Itinerary:  Vilna-Posen- 
Leipzig-Frankfort  on  the  Main-Saareljruecken-Luxemburg-Sedan. 

5.  Arriv-ing  from  Russia  on  October  1,  it  went  into  line  about  the  28th,  in  the  sector 
northeast  of  Rheims.     After  a  rest  in  January,  it  returned  there  in  February,  1918. 

KECRUITING. 

The  21st  Division  is  recruited  in  Hesse-Nassau,  Ilesse-ITomburg,  and  Frankfort. 
They  have  borrowed  very  few  from  other  districts,  except  from  the  8th  (Rhine 
Province\  its  neighbor. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  21st  Division  showed  itself,  in  the  course  of  our  attack  of  April  1 6, 191 6,  as  a  good 
division,  which  put  up  a  serious  resistance. 

Th.e  81st  Infantry  Regiment,  however,  was  criticised  for  its  conduct  on  April  4. 
(Order  of  the  42d  Brigade,  of  Apr.  9.)  (See  Appendix  to  the  British  Summary  of 
Information  of  May  12,  1917.) 

On  the  Russian  front,  according  to  the  statement  of  a  deserter  (Nov.  7,  1917),  the 
attempts  at  fraternization  and  exchange  of  tlie  Russians  were  badly  received  by  order 
of  the  German  commanders. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Clonay-La  Pompelle  sector  until  April  23.  A  local 
operation  was  attempted  on  March  1,  with  the  demolition  of  Fort  La  Pompelle  as  the 
objective. 

2.  Wlien  relieved  on  April  23,  the  division  rested  several  days  at  Warraeriville 
before  being  transported  to  St.  Quentin.  From  there  it  marched  by  stages  to  Rosieres 
en  Santerre  (May  1)  and  later  to  the  Avre  front. 

PiCARDY. 

3.  It  relieved  the  2d  Bavarian  Division,  on  May  3-4  in  the  sector  south  of  Thennes 
and  held  that  sector  for  five  weeks.  On  June  12,  the  division  moved  into  second  line, 
and  reappeared  in  line  west  of  Castel-Boia  Senecat  in  mid-Juno.  During  local  opera- 
tions, June  20  and  July  2,  the  division  lost  a  number  of  prisoners.  It  was  relieved  about 
the  end  of  July. 

Battle  of  the  Somme. 

The  division  returned  to  line  on  August  13  to  oppose  the  British  drive  on  the  Somme. 
It  was  engaged  north  of  Lihons  (13th)  and  east  of  Proyart.  Toward  the  end  of  August 
it  was  forced  to  retrcj^through  Cappy,  Frise,  Clery,  and  Le  Mont  St.  Quentin,  until  its 
relief  on  September  1.     Twelve  hundred  prisoners  were  lost  during  the  fighting. 


DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      317 

La  Chateau. 

5.  On  September  9,  the  division  was  reengaged  northwest  of  .Teancourt  for  four  days, 
again  losing  heavly  in  prisoners.  From  the  13th  to  the  30th  the  di-sdsion  rested  in  the 
vicinity  of  St.  Quentin,  close  to  the  front.  Tt  was  put  back  in  line  at  Bellicourt  on  the 
30th  and  remained  in  until  October  7. 

G.  The  division  rested  in  the  Charleroi  area  and  later  at  Ghent.  It  was  brought  back 
to  the  front  by  stages  and  reengaged  east  of  Deynze  (Petegem-Ouest  de  Nazareth)  on 
October  31.  In  the  closing  days,  the  division  was  identified  south  of  Ileurne  (Nov.  5), 
Gelsen  (8th\  Wendle  (8th),  south  of  Ghent  HOth). 

VALUE 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class.  In  1918  it  was  used  entirely  on  the  defensive. 
At  the  end  the  regiments  had  been  reduced  to  two  battalions  of  three  companies. 
Morale  was  very  low  in  the  fall.  Between  August  14  and  the  middle  of  October  the 
division  lost  2,473  prisoners  on  the  Somme  battle  front. 


318     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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320    DIVISIONS  or  geemaist  army  which  tarticipated  in  war, 

HISTORY. 

(18th  Oorpg  District— Hesse-Nassau  aiul  the  south  of  Westphalia.) 

1911. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  21st  Reserve  Division  formed,  with  the  25th 
Resers'e  Division,  the  18th  Reserve  Corps.  It  belonged  to  the  4th  Army  (Prince 
Albrecht  of  Wurttemberg).  Detraining  near  Saarburg  ''Rhine  ProvLace)  on  August 
10-12,  it  passed  to  the  north  of  Luxemburg  and  entered  Belgian  Luxemburg,  by 
Martelange. 

Ardenne. 

2.  After  fighting  at  Neufchateau  on  August  22,  the  21st  Reserve  Division  reached 
Carignan  on  the  25th,  fought  at  Mouzon  on  the  28th,  crossed  the  IMeuse  at  that  point, 
and  from  there,  by  Grandpr^,  skirting  the  Argonue  to  the  west,  it  arrived  at  the 
Mame-Rhine  Canal  on  September  G. 

Argonne-Champagne. 

3.  At  the  battle  of  the  Marne  it  went  into  action  on  the  Saulx  in  the  \-icinity  of 
Mogneville  (Sept.  7-10,  south  of  Revigny).  It  effected  its  retreat  by  Avay  of  the 
Givry  en  Argonne,  Ste.  Menehould,  Vienne  la  Ville,  and  stopped  on  the  heights  to 
the  south  of  Cernay  en  Dormois  on  September  14. 

4.  The  21st  Reserve  Di^dsion  established  its  positions  in  the  sector  of  Ville  sur 
Tourbe  and  remained  there  until  June,  1916. 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1.  From  January  to  December,  1915,  the  division  was  in  the  sector  of  Ville  sur 
Tourbe  north  of  Massiges  a  L'Aisne. 

2.  In  September  the  di\'ision  took  part  in  the  Champagne  battle. 

1916. 

1.  The  21st  Reserve  Division  continued  to  occupy  the  Massiges  sector  fi-om  January 
to  June,  1916. 

Verdun. 

2.  After  a  rest  in  the  Briey  area  from  the  end  of  June  until  July  15,  the  diA-ision  was 
sent  to  Verdun  (sector  of  Fumin  wood)  where  it  went  into  action  from  July  15-25  to 
the  beginning  of  September.  Dui'ing  this  period  it  suffered  heaA^  losses,  which 
made  it  necessary  to  give  men  as  replacements  on  August  12,  taken  from  the  83d 
Landwehr  Regiment  and  the  36th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  taken  in  haste  fi'om 
the  Argonne;  at  the  end  of  August  it  received  conscripts  of  the  1917  class  who  had 
only  l)een  called  up  in  May,  many  of  whom  came  from  depots  in  Baden. 
Champagne. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  September,  the  21st  Reserve  Division  came  back  into  its 
own  sector  of  Ville  sur  Tourbe.  A  short  time  afterwards  it  gave  the  81st  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  to  the  222d  Division  a  new  formation. 

4.  In  the  middle  of  October  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Rethel  area. 
Verdun. 

5.  On  August  26  and  27  it  was  concentrated  in  the  vicinity  of  Scnon-Foameix.  It 
occupied  the  sector  of  Hardaumont  until  December  7.  After  a  few  days'  rest  it  was 
brought  back  into  line  at  Verdun  (Bezonvaux,  on  Dec.  16). 

1917. 

1.  The  division  left  the  A'crduii  front  on  January  1 1,  I'MT,  vfiy  iiuk  h  exhausted. 
Lorraine. 

2.  On  February  24,  1917,  it  took  over  the  sector  Letricourt-Monccl  iu  Lorraine. 
Aisne. 

3.  After  a  few  days'  rest  at  Morhange  it  entrained  on  April  14  for  the  ^Visne.  De- 
training between  Ilirson  and  Vervins,  it  was  concentrated  in  the  A-icinity  of  Prouvais- 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     321 

Amifontaine.  On  April  18  and  19,  after  the  French  advance  of  April  16  in  the  vicinity 
of  Juvincourt,  it  took  up  its  position  between  the  Miette  and  the  Aisne  as  a  reenforce- 
ment  dI\-ision,  and  then  to  replace  units  in  the  line.  It  attacked  on  May  IS,  near  the 
Mauchamp  Farm,  and  suffered  heavy  losses. 

4.  Relieved  between  the  27th  and  30th  of  May,  it  was  sent  to  rest  and  reorganized 
(June  replacements;  mostly  men  of  the  1918  class). 

Champagne. 

5.  It  then  occupied  a  sector  in  Champagne  southwest  of  Nauroy  from  July  19-20 
to  October  22. 

Cambrai. 

6.  After  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Cambrai  in  November,  it  went  into  action  at  the 
end  of  November,  east  of  Cambrai  (southeast  of  Boiu"lon).  It  remained  in  line  south 
of  the  Bapaume-Cambrai  road  until  the  end  of  December. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  is  recruited  in  Hesse-Nassau  and  the  extreme  southern  part  of  West- 
phalia. It  received  few  outside  elements  except  under  exceptional  circumstances 
(e.  g.,  on  Aug.  12,  1916,  at  Verdun). 

value — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  21st  Reserve  Diidsion  is  a  good  division.     (October,  1917.) 
On  the  Aisne  front  (April  to  May,  1917)  the  21st  Reserve  Di\ision  held  a  difficult 
sector.     The  unsuccessful  counterattacks  which  it  launched  there  diminished  its 
offensive  value.     Nevertheless,  on  the  whole,  it  gave  a  good  account  of  itself. 

In  Champagne  (August  to  October,  1917)  its  activity  was  limited  to  a  few  assaults 
carried  out  energetically. 

1918. 

1.  In  the  March  offensive  the  division  advanced  from  la  Vacquerie  to  Beaumont 
Hamel,  which  it  reached  on  March  27.  Here  the  line  stabilized  and  it  held  this 
sector  throughout  April,  May,  and  June.  It  was  relieved  by  the  16th  Reserve  Division 
on  the  night  of  July  3-4. 

Battle  of  the  Somme. 

2.  The  division  rested  in  the  Bapaume  area  until  it  returned  to  line  northwest  of 
Hamelincourt  on  August  6-7,  relieving  the  r)th  Bavarian  Divdsion.  It  met  the  British 
attack  in  the  region  and  was  driven  back  through  Croisilles,  Cherisy,  and  St.  Leger 
until  its  withdrawal  on  August  30.  Nine  hundred  prisoners  were  lost  in  the  engage- 
ment. 

3.  The  division  rested  in  the  Toumai  area  until  September  18,  when  it  reenforced 
the  front  south  of  Villers-Guislain.  About  this  time  the  81st  Reserve  Regiment  was 
broken  up  and  distributed  among  the  regiments  of  the  21st  Reserve  Division.  The 
division  fought  at  Gouzeaucourt  (2Sth),  Gonnelieu  (30th),  Banteux  (30th),  Gouy 
(Oct.  3),  Beaurevoir  (5th),  Villers  Outreaux  (8th),  Clary  (9th),  Le  Caleau  (11th). 
After  losing  1,550  prisoners  the  division  was  mthdrawn  on  October  17.  According  to 
a  divisional  order  of  October  1,  the  strength  was  so  low  aa  to  warrant  the  reduction  in 
half  of  the  normal  allotment  of  kitchen  and  supply  wagons. 

4.  The  di\-ision  returned  from  close  reserve  on  October  23  northeast  of  Ilaussy.  In 
the  closing  days  it  fought  at  Vendegies  (24th),  Ruesnes  (24th),  Orsinval  (Nov.  2), 
southwest  of  Wargnies  le  Grand  (4th),  east  of  Villers  Pol  and  in  the  Gommegnies  sector 
(5th).     The  division  withdrew  on  November  8. 

VALUE — 191S  E.STIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  cla.«s.     During  1918  ils  service  was  entirely  in 
the  area  north  and  south  of  the  Somme,  where  it  saw  a  great  deal  of  heavy  lighting. 
12.5651°— 20 21 


322      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

21st  Landwelir  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

11  Ldw. 

20  Ldw. 
35  Ldw. 
435  Ldw. 

11  Ldw. 

20  Ldw. 

35  Ldw. 
435  Ldw. 

4  Sqn.  6  Cuirassier  Rgt. 

4  Sqn.  6  Cuirassier  Rgt. 

Artillery 

Art.  Command: 

253  Ldw.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

(?) 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(421)  Pion.  Btn.: 

1  Landst.  Co.  14  C.  Dist. 
406T.  M.Co. 
521  Tel.  Detch. 

Pions. 

414  Pion.  Btn.: 

1  Ldw.  Co.  3  C.  Dist.  Pions. 

1  Landst.  Co.  15  C.  Dist.  Pions. 

80  Searchlight  Section. 
521  Signal  Command: 

521  Tel.  Detch. 

175  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  veterinary . 

553  Ambulance  Co. 
54  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
105  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

553  Ambulance  Co. 
54  Reg.  Field  Hospital. 

Transports 

797M.T.Col 

797  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(20th  and  35tii  Landwehr  Regiments:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.     435th  Land- 
wehr:  Mixed — 11th  and  14th  Corps  Dietricte.) 

1917. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  21st  Landwehr  Di-sdsion  was  formed  in  April,  1917,  by  the  addition  of  the 
435th  Regiment  to  the  two  regiments  of  the  11th  Landwehr  Brigade.  This  brigade, 
until  then  independent,  had  come  to  Belgium  the  2d  of  August,  1914,  had  detached 
certain  of  its  elements  in  Picardy,  from  the  end  of  September  to  the  end  of  November, 
and  had  fought  near  Ypres  in  November  and  December.  From  March  to  October, 
1915,  it  acted  as  garrison  at  Brussels  and  Antwerp.  At  the  end  of  December,  1915, 
it  reappeared  on  the  Belgian  front  between  Dixmude  and  Ypres  (from  Steenstraate 
to  the  Ypres-Zonnebeke  road). 

Russia. 

2.  In  May,  1917,  the  21st  Landwehr  Division  was  identified  in  the  vicinity  of  Arras. 
On  May  16  it  entrained  for  the  Eastern  Front.  Itinerary:  Liege-Aix  la  Chapelle- 
Paderbom-Halle-Posen-Warsaw.  Detraining  at  Brest- Litovsk  on  May  21,  it  remained 
in  training  for  10  day.«,  was  then  sent  to  the  Xiamen  front,  and  occupied  the  Vichnev 
sector  until  March,  1918. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  2lHt  lyandwehr  Division  did  work  in  the  service  of  supplies  in  Belgium  and  h^ld 
very  calm  sectors  in  Russia.     Its  offensive  value  seems  mediocre. 

On  the  Russian  front  in  January,  1918,  the  20th  Landwehr  Regiment  received  600 
men  of  the  1919  cla«s  in  exchange  for  its  men  of  25  to  35  years  of  age  sent  to  the  Western 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      323 

Front.     Before    being   brought  back  to  France  in  March,  1918,  the  35th  Landwehr 
Regiment  left  ita  older  men  in  Russia  and  received  900  men  of  19  to  30  years  of  age. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Badon\dller  sector  from  April  29  until  the  armistice.  The 
division  was  strong  in  the  number  of  effectives,  but  their  quality  and  morale  was  low. 
The  division  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division. 


324      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      325 

HISTORY. 

(11th  Corps  District — Electorate  of  Hesse.) 

1914. 

1.  The  22d  Division  formed  a  part  of  the  11th  Army  Corps  (Cassel)  with  the  38th 
Division. 

Belgium. 

2.  One  of  its  brigades,  the  43d,  was  sent  to  Liege  and  entrained  on  August  2-3,  1914. 
The  other  rejoined  it  there  and  after  the  surrender  of  the  city  the  22d  I)i^^sion,  with 
the  rest  of  the  11th  Army  Corps,  formed  a  part  of  the  3d  Army  (Von  Hansen).  It  went 
to  Namur  and  then  to  Eastern  Prussia. 

Russia. 

3.  In  October  the  22d  Division  (and  the  11th  Army  Corps)  was  in  Poland,  where  it 
remained  until  May,  1915.  It  took  part  in  the  \'iolent  attacks  along  the  Bzura  and  the 
Rawka. 

1915. 
Russia. 

1.  In  April,  1915,  the  division  gave  the  32d  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  103d  Di\dsion 
(a  new  formation). 

2.  In  July  it  was  separated  from  the  3Sth  Division.  It  took  part  in  the  offensive  of 
the  11th  Army  (Mackensen),  and  arrived  on  the  Styr  in  October.  It  then  formed  a 
part  of  the  4th  Austrian  Army. 

1916. 

1.  In  the  spring  of  1916  the  22d  Division  was  in  the  rear  of  Vilna  (May),  after  haAing 
been  at  Mitau.     On  June  11  it  entrained  at  Mitau  for  Vilna. 

Galicia. 

2.  It  then  formed  a  part  of  the  troops  destined  to  -withstand  the  Russian  offensive  in 
Galicia  and  took  up  its  position  on  the  lipa. 

Roumania. 

3.  In  December  it  was  sent  to  Roumania  and  operated  in  Moldavia. 

1917. 
Galicia. 

1.  It  returned  in  January,  1917,  to  the  4th  Austrian  Army  on  the  Lipa. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July  it  was  in  Volhynia  (Mikolajow,  northwest  of  Brody). 

3.  On  July  7-9  the  di'V'ision  was  relieved  and  sent  to  the  area  south  of  Tarnopol.  It 
arrived  there  on  July  15  and  took  part  in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians.  It 
suffered  rather  heavy  losses  in  the  beginning,  the  Russians  haiing  resisted  for  several 
days. 

4.  The  22d  Division  remained  in  this  area  until  October  7.  On  this  date  it  was 
relieved  and  entrained  for  the  Western  Front  (itinerary:  BrzezauA'-Torgau-Erfurt- 
Frankfort  on  the  Main-Mayence-Sarrebrucken-ThiouAdlle-Montmedy),  detraining  at 
Douzy  (east  of  Sedan)  about  October  14. 

At  the  end  of  October  the  diNTsion,  after  a  few  days  of  rest,  was  put  in  line  in  the 
Forges  sector  (Verdun  area) ,  where  it  had  a  few  losses  (November,  December).  January 
1918,  it  was  on  the  front  north  of  Verdun  (right  bank  of  the  Meuse). 

RECRUITING. 

The  22d  Di\dsion  is  recruited  from  the  electorate  of  Hesse.  Alsace-Lorrainors  were 
numerous  during  its  stay  on  the  Eastern  Front. 


326      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  22d  Division,  coming  from  Russia,  where  it  had  had  rather  easy  victories, 
appeared  to  have  a  relatively  good  morale.  Its  spirit,  however,  did  not  appear  very 
combative  (Nov.  1917). 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  in  line  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse  (Samogneux-Cote  344) 
from  January,  1918,  to  the  end  of  iNfay,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  6th  Bavarian 
Division. 

2.  It  was  in  reserve  southwest  of  Reims  on  June  16,  and  came  into  line  at  Anthenay 
on  June  20.  About  the  1st  of  July  the  103d  Division  relieved  the  22d  Division,  which 
went  to  rest  in  the  neighborhood  of  Fismes  and  Hourges. 

Battle  op  the  Marne. 

3.  The  division  was  engaged  southeast  of  Ville  en  Tardenois  (Chambrecy,  Champlat, 
Velval)  July  15-26.  It  fell  back  in  the  line  Romigny-Ville  en  Tardenois  and  was 
relieved  on  August  7.     About  400  prisoners  were  lost  in  this  fighting. 

Battle  op  the  Somme. 

4.  The  division  rested  in  the  Cambrai  area  until  August  29,  when  it  was  moved  up 
to  the  line.  On  the  1st  of  September  it  was  engaged  on  the  Arras-Cambrai  road  near 
BuUecourt.  The  British  attack  rolled  it  back  on  Inchy  and  Marquion,  where  it  was 
withdrawn  on  the  10th.     The  division  lost  1,100  prisoners  in  the  week  of  fighting. 

The  Scarpe. 

5.  It  rested  until  September  28,  when  it  came  into  line  north  of  Cambrai  (Epinoy), 
Sancourt,  Blecourt.  About  October  1  it  was  moved  north  and  relieved  the  48th 
Reserve  Division  north  of  the  Scarpe.  In  the  sector  it  fought  until  October  23  (south 
east  of  Lille,  St.  Amand,  southwest  of  Odomez). 

6.  Upon  its  relief,  the  division  marched  from  Thulin,  west  of  Mons,  on  October  24- 
to  the  Le  Quesnoy  area,  and  on  the  next  day  relieved  the  185th  Division  east  of, 
Ghissegnies.  In  November  it  was  in  the  fighting  around  Le  Quesnoy  and  Gonunegnies 
until  its  withdrawal  on  November  7. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  employed  in  the  July  offensive,  but 
made  little  headway.  On  the  defensive  the  division  appears  to  have  done  better 
than  many  divisions  of  a  higher  rating. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     327 


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103  Searchlight  Section. 
422  Signal  Command: 
422  Tel.  Detch. 
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511  Ambulance  Co. 
23  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
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422  Vet.  Hospital. 

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328      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 

HISTORY. 

(11th  Corps  District — Electorate  of  Hesse  and  Thuringia.) 
1914. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  22d  Reserve  Division  formed  the  4th  Reserve 
Corps  with  the  7th  Reserve  Division.     It  was  a  part  of  the  1st  Army  (Von  Kluck). 
Belgium. 

2.  Concentrated  at  Dusseldorf  (Aug.  10)  tlie  22d  Reserve  Di\Tsion  reached  Brussels 
by  way  of  Aix  la  Chapelle,  Tongres,  and  Louvain.  The  94th  Reserve  Infantr\-  Regi- 
ment remained  at  Brussels  until  September  5,  when  it  was  hastily  called  to  rejoin 
the  division.  The  71st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  remained  there  until  August  31 
and  then  figured  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne  on  September  6. 

Marne. 

3.  The  44th  Reserve  Brigade  joined  to  the  7th  Reserve  Division  went  to  Ath,  Conde, 
Amiens  (Aug.  30-31),  and  Creil  (Sept.  2),  almost  Avithout  combat,  but  by  forced 
marches  to  the  extreme  right  flank  of  the  1st  Army.  In  action  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Ourcq,  it  withdrew  to  the  north  of  the  Aisne. 

4.  The  43d  Reserve  Brigade,  of  which  only  one  regiment  had  fought  with  the  44th 
from  September  6  to  9  was  filled  upon  the  9th  and  went  to  Peronne.  On  September 
11,  strengthened  by  the  72d  Reserve  Regiment,  detached  from  the  7th  Reserve 
Division,  it  was  concentrated  north  of  Compiegne. 

'Tracy  le  Mont. 

5.  Until  September  20  the  43d  Reserve  Biigade  fought  in  the  vicinity  of  Tracy  le 
Mont  with  some  elements  of  the  7th  Reserve  Division.  The  44th  Reserve  Brigade 
was  engaged  with  the  majority  of  this  division  on  the  Nouvron  Plateau. 

NOUVRON. 

6.  On  September  20  the  43d  Reserve  Brigade  rejoined  the  44th  (Hautebraye- 
Chevillecourt. 

7.  On  November  12  elements  of  the  division  took  part  in  the  attack  on  the  Nouv- 
ron  Plateau  and  suffered  rather  heavy  losses. 

1915. 

AlSNE. 

1.  The  22d  Reserve  Division  occupied  the  lines  between  the  Aisne  and  the  Oise 
until  the  autumn  of  1915. 

2.  In  January,  191.5,  elements  of  the  division  took  part  in  the  battle  around  Soissons. 
In  April,  1915,  the  32d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  became  a  part  of  the  113th 
Division. 

Champagne. 

3.  At  the  end  of  October  the  22d  Reserve  Division  left  the  area  northwest  of 
Soissons  to  go  to  Champagne  (Souain  sector). 

1916. 

1.  The  22d  Resen^e  Division  left  Champagne  at  the  end  of  January,  1916;  it  went 
to  rest  at  Attigny,  which  it  left  on  February  29. 

Verdun. 

2.  From  March  1  to  5,  at  the  height  of  the  Verdun  offensive,  the  division  waa 
reassembled  between  Dun  and  Vilosnes  behind  the  front.  On  March  G  it  attacked 
on  the  left  bank  of  the  ^feuse.  In  took  part  in  the  operations  in  this  sector  (\alley 
of  the  Forges  and  Corbeaux  wood)  until  the  middle  of  Aj)ril.  In  the  first  attacks  of 
March  the  6th  Company  of  the  82d  Reserve  Infaiitiy  Regiment  required  replacements 
of  90  men,  among  whom  were  recruits  from  the  1916  class.     After  a  few  days  of  rest 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      329 

the  22d  Reserve  Division  a,2:ain  attacked  at  A'erdun,  south  of  Corbeaux  wood  and 
near  the  !Mort  Homme  (May  23  to  beginning  of  June).  Tt  lost  very  heavily.  Its 
attacks  at  Verdun  had  cost  it  90  per  cent  of  its  infantry.  From  April  24  to  June  26 
the  1st  and  4th  Companies  of  the  11th  Battalion  of  Reserve  Chasseurs  had  each 
received  at  least  204  men  as  replacements;  the  6th  Company  of  the  94th  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment,  from  March  9  to  June  15,  217  men;  the  8th  Company,  207  men. 

3.  The  division  rested  and  was  reorganized  in  the  vicinity  of  Fourmies-Hirson;  it 
was  then  sent  between  St.  Quentin  and  Tergnier. 

SOMME. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  the  Somme  offensive  the  22d  Reserve  Division  was  con- 
centrated southeast  of  Peronne  on  July  2.  It  went  into  action  south  of  the  Somme 
(Biaches-Belloy),  and  suffered  heavy  losses  (1,500  prisoners  between  July  2  and 
July  10). 

Champagne. 

5.  Transferred  to  Champagne,  it  rested  for  a  few  days  and  then  went  into  line  east 
of  Rheims  (Auberive  sector)  and  in  the  Prosnes  sector  at  the  end  of  August. 

6.  At  the  end  of  October,  after  it  had  rested  in  the  Rethel-Vouziers  sector  until 
November  10,  the  division  was  placed  1>ehind  tlie  Camljrai-St.  Quentin  sector. 
Somme. 

7.  It  went  back  to  the  Somme  at  the  Ijeginning  of  December  east  of  Rancourt  and 
remained  there  until  December  20. 

1917. 

1.  The  22d  Reserve  Division  passed  the  month  of  January,  1917,  at  rest  in  the 
Valenciennes  area. 

2.  In  February  it  took  over  the  Saillisel  sector,  where  it  took  part  in  secondary 
action.  In  March  the  division  took  part  in  the  withdrawal  and  established  itself  in 
the  Hindenburg  line  between  Gonnelieu  and  Le  Catelet. 

3.  About  May  20  the  22d  Reserve  Division  went  to  rest  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Lens  and  Tourcoing. 

Flanders. 

4.  On  June  14  it  went  into  line  in  the  Comines  sector,  west  of  Warneton,  where  it 
remained  until  the  end  of  June. 

5.  After  a  period  of  rest  north  of  Lille  (end  of  June  to  July  23-24)  it  went  into  action 
southeast  of  Zillebeke,  where  it  underwent  the  British  attack  of  July  31,  and  suffered 
very  heavily. 

6.  Relieved  immediately  after  the  attack,  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Bullecourt 
sector  (Aug.  10-Sept.  22). 

7.  Until  October  5  it  rested  in  the  vicinity  of  Courtrai.  At  this  date  it  occupied 
the  Becelaere  sector  as  a  counterattacking  division,  supporting  the  4th  Guard  Division, 
and  suffered  heavily  from  bombardments  (Oct.  5-21). 

Lorraine-Alsace. 

8.  At  the  beginning  of  November  it  was  in  line  in  Lorraine,  southwest  of  Delme, 
then  in  Alsace  (sector  of  Aspach  south  of  the  Rhone-Rhine  Canal  in  December). 

RECRUITING . 

The  22d  Reserve  Division  is  recruited  from  the  Electorate  of  II esse  and  Thuringia. 
In  case  of  emergency  replacements  are  o(casi(_)nally  furnished  by  neighboring  coips 
districts  (8th  Corps  in  June,  1916).  At  the  end  of  October,  1917,  unequally  trained 
men  were  received  from  the  Eastern  Front  (the  71st  Infantry  Reserve  Regiment 
receiving  men  from  the  depot  of  the  146th  Infantrj^  Regiment,  men  from  the  Service 
of  Supplies,  convalescents,  or  men  of  mediocre  physical  quality). 


330    DIVISIONS  or  german  army  which  participated  in  war. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  22d  Reserve  Division  is  a  mediocre  division  (December,  1917).  The  units  of 
the  11th  Corps  District  have  generally  fought  well  during  the  entire  war. 

The  22d  Reserve  District  lost  very  heavily  in  the  battles  of  Verdun  and  the  Somme 
and  from  artillery  fire  at  Ypres. 

1918. 
Battle  of  the  Lys. 

1.  The  division  left  Alsace  about  April  6  and  came  into  the  Lys  battle  line  on  April 
1()  northeast  of  Bailleul.  Its  former  sector  in  the  Vosges  was  taken  oA'cr  by  an  exten- 
sion of  the  neighboring  divisions.  The  route  of  the  division  lay  through  Strasbourg, 
Treves,  Cologne,  Verviers,  Liege,  Brussels,  Courtrai-Roubaix,  a  journey  of  two  days. 
The  division  participated  in  heavy  fighting  about  Kemmel  until  its  relief  on  May  L 

2.  When  relieved  by  the  117th  Division,  it  marched  to  Rouhaix,  where  it  rested  for 
two  days.  From  there  it  marched  to  Waereghem,  where  the  82d  Reserve  Regiment 
rested  for  about  eight  days.  About  May  11  the  22d  Resers'e  Division  entrained  at 
Audenarde  and  was  railed  to  Rieux,  5  miles  east  of  Cambrai.  The  division  marched 
via  Cambrai  to  the  MontauV)an-Longueval-Gullemont  area,  where  it  went  into  rest 
billets.  On  the  night  of  May  31-June  1  the  1st  Battalion,  82d  Reserve  Regiment, 
reenforced  the  122d  Fusilier  Regiment  f243d  Division)  near  Avelcy. 

Verdun. 

3.  The  division  entrained  in  the  Cambrai  area  on  June  8  and  traveled  via  Valen- 
ciennes-Mons  Charleroi-Dinant-Mezieres-Sedan  to  Ligny  sur  Meuse,  where  it 
detrained  on  June  9.  The  next  day  it  relieved  the  53d  Reserve  Division  east  of 
Bethincourt.     It  held  the  sector  until  about  July  25. 

Champagne. 

4.  Entraining  at  Brieulles,  the  division  moved  by  Sedan  and  Vouziers  to  St.  Morel 
and  Savigny  sur  Aisne,  where  it  rested  until  August  5.  On  the  6th  it  came  into  line 
in  the  St.  Souplet-Somme  Py  sector,  which  it  held  until  August  23. 

5.  The  division  left  Champagne  and  moved  from  Semide  by  Laon-La  Fere-Tergnier 
to  the  Noyon  area.  Relieved  August  24-27,  it  detrained  at  Flavy  le  Martel  and 
La  Fere,  and  rested  a  day  at  Cugny,  Petit  Detroit,  Bois  de  Genlis,  and  Bois  de  Frieres 
before  moving  east  of  Noyon  to  cover  the  retreat  of  elements  of  the  71st  Division  and 
the  105th  Division. 

Noyon. 

6.  On  August  29  it  came  into  line  and  held  the  sector  Mont  St.  Simeon-Baboeuf. 
The  division  resisted  the  French  attack  until  September  3,  when  it  fell  back  slowly 
toward  the  Crozat  Canal,  offering  resistance  at  Behericourt-Baboeuf  (4th),  Cuivry- 
Caillouel-Crepigny-Bethancourt  (5th),  and  Villequier  Aumont  (6th).  It  was  relieved 
on  the  night  of  September  7-8  by  the  11th  Division  and  rested  at  Ribemont  and 
then  farther  north  in  the  billets  at  Fontaine  Notre  Dame,  Regny,  and  Homblieres. 
St.  Quentin. 

7.  From  September  10  to  12  the  division  was  relieving  the  75th  Reserve  Division 
in  the  sector  Castres-Contescourt-Hill  98.     The  division  held  in  this  vicinity  until 

'  September  28  when  the  British  advance  north  of  St.  Quentin  compelled  it  to  retreat. 
Between  October  2  and  5  the  division  held  the  line  Harley-Neuville-St.  Amand. 
On  the  8th  it  was  again  forced  to  retreat.  The  division  was  relieved  on  October  15-16. 
In  this  fighting  the  division  lost  at  least  one-third  of  its  effectives.  The  battalion 
had  but  three  companies,  and  the  effective  strength  of  the  infantry  companies  averaged 
about  35.     The  entire  division  had  but  about  1,300  infantry  combatants. 

8.  After  its  relief  by  the  18th  Division  on  the  night  of  October  15-16,  the  division 
remained  near  the  front  at  Grand  Verly,  ITannappes,  and  Lesquielles.  It  was  sud- 
denly alerted  on  October  17  and  obliged  to  return  to  support  the  18th  Di\'ision  west 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      831 

of  Petit  Verly.     It  put  up  a  stiff  resistance  on  October  18,  but  was  throwTi  back  east 
of  the  Sambre  Canal,  losing  a  large  number  of  prisoners. 

In  the  closing  week  the  di\'ision  was  at  Favril  (5th),  Marvilles  (6th). 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  heavily  engaged  at  Kemmel  in 
April,  after  which  it  did  not  appear  in  an  active  front  until  the  autumn.  The  division 
resisted  the  Allied  advance  on  the  St.  Quentin  area  in  September  and  October  with 
great  tenacity. 


332    DmsioNs  of  German  army  which  participated  in  war. 

22cl  Landwehr  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

19181 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Tnffintry 

6  Ldw. 

34  Ldw. 
49  Ldw. 

10      Landst.      (4 
Btns.). 

34  Ldw.  (3d  Btn.). 

49  Ldw.  (2d  Btn.). 

Cavalry 

(z) 

Artillery 

Art.  Command: 
219  F.  A.  Rgt. 

219  F.  A.  Rgt.  (Staff  and  3  Abt.). 

Engineers  and  1 

liaisons . 

(422)  Pion.  Btn.: 
(322)  T.  M.  Co. 
30  Searchlight  Section. 
284  Searchlight  Section. 
Tel.  Detch. 

522  Signal  Command: 
522  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical    and 
nary. 

Veteri- 

551  Ambulance  Co. 
Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

11  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
139  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transports 

M.  T.  Col 

' 

1  The  units  below  are  those  grouped  under  the  22d  Landwehr  Division  Postal  Sector  (380).  Other  units 
of  the  22d  Landwehr  Division,  but  functioning  with  other  divisions,  are  carried  as  attached  to  such  division. 

HISTORY. 

(2d  Corps  District — Pomerania.) 

1917. 
Russia. 

1 .  The  22d  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  in  the  vicinity  of 
Riga,  at  the  end  of  March,  1917.  The  6th  Landwehr  Brigade,  which  entered  into  its 
composition,  had  belonged  to  the  let  Landwehr  Division  (former  Jacobi  Division), 
then  had  become  independent  when  the  latter  left  the  Riga  front  to  go  to  Yolhjmia. 
It  is  then  that  the  addition  of  the  10th  Landsturm  Battalion  to  the  Mitaii  group  made 
the  22d  Landwehr  DiAasion  from  the  fith  Landwehr  Brigade. 

COURTLAND. 

2.  From  April  to  October,  1917,  the  22d  Landwehr  Division  remained  on  the  Riga 
front  (\-icinity  of  Olai). 

VOLHYNIA. 

3.  In  October,  it  was  transferred  to  the  west  of  Kachovka  (Volhynia\  where  it 
remained  until  February,  1918. 

VALUE— 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  22d  Landwelir  Division  remained  on  the  Russian  front  from  the  time  of  its 
formation,  March,  1917. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  In  February,  1918,  the  22d  Landwehr  Division  advanced  into  the  Ukraine, 
where  it  was  between  Kiev  and  Koursk  on  the  24th  of  March.  On  May  9  the  division 
was  near  Jitomir.  The  219th  Field  Artillery  Regiment  was  at  Kiev  on  the  24th  of 
May.     On  September  7  the  division  was  identified  near  Stochod. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      383 


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334      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(12th  Corps  District — Saxony.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  23d  Division,  on  mobilization,  was  a  part  of  the  12th  Army  Corps  with  the 
32d  Division  (2d  Army,  Yon  Hansen).  It  detrained  on  August  9-11,  1914,  at  Eifel, 
north  of  Treves,  and  entered  Belgium  on  the  18th  by  the  north  of  Luxemburg. 

M.\RNE. 

2.  It  went  into  action  on  August  23  at  Dinant,  crossed  the  Meuse  on  the  24th,  entered 
France  on  the  26th,  went  to  the  west  of  Chalons  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the 
Mame  on  September  7  at  Sompuis  (west  of  Vitrj^  'e  Francois). 

AlSNE. 

3.  The  23d  Di\'ision,  with  the  2d  Army  Corps,  established  itself  in  the  area  north- 
west of  Rheims. 

1915. 

AlSNE. 

1.  The  division  held  the  front  Craonne-Berry  au  Bac  until  July,  1916.  In  this 
sector  the  losses  were  very  slight. 

2.  In  March,  1915,  some  of  its  elements  were  in  Champagne  for  a  short  time.  In 
April,  the  182d  Infantry  Regiment  was  taken  for  the  123d  Division  (a  new  formation). 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  On  July  3,  1916,  at  the  beginning  of  the  Franco-English  offensive,  the  23d  Di- 
vision detached  some  elements  of  the  101st  and  108th  Regiments  to  reinforce  the 
diATsions  engaged  in  the  attack  (region  of  Sovecourt-Vermandovillers). 

2.  From  the  end  of  July  and  until  the  1st  of  September  the  100th  Grenadier  Regiment 
was  incorporated  in  a  new  di\'ision  (Franke  Division),  which  held  the  front  from 
Deniecourt  to  Vermandovillers. 

3.  The  other  regiments  of  the  23d  Di\dsion  continued  to  occupy  the  sector  of  Craonne- 
Berry  au  Bac  until  the  end  of  August. 

4.  On  September  4  the  lOist  and  108th  Regiments,  coming  from  Berry  au  Bac, 
were  sent  to  the  Somme.     They  suffered  considerable  losses. 

5.  About  September  15  the  23d  Division  was  regrouped  with  its  normal  elements 
(the  Franke  Division  being  dissolved)  and  received  2,700  men  as  replacements  (men 
of  the  Landstrum  called  in  April  and  May  and  young  men  of  the  1917  class,  most  of 
them  having  had  not  more  than  two  or  three  months'  service.  The  12th  Company 
of  the  100th  Grenadier  Regiment  received  at  least  108  men  as  replacements  on  Sep- 
tember 20). 

6.  From  October  1  to  6  the  23d  Division  went  back  into  line  between  the  Chaulnes 
Railroad  and  the  south  of  Vermandovillers.  It  again  lost  very  heavily  during  the 
time  it  remained  in  line  until  October  20.  (The  2d  Company  of  the  108th  Riflemen 
received,  on  Oct.  27,  replacements  of  at  least  97  men,  most  of  whom  were  returned 
wounded  and  convalescents.  Since  Sept.  17  it  had  received  at  least  198  newcomers; 
the  same  holds  true  for  the  4th  Company  of  the  104th  Grenadier  Regiment). 

7.  Relieved  about  October  25,  the  division  was  sent  to  a  sector  in  the  Roye  (Beu- 
vraignes)  area  in  November. 

1917. 
Champagne.. 

1.  It  occupied  this  sector  (between  Armancourt  and  Roye)  until  the  moment  of 
the  German  retirement  and  retired  to  St.  Quentin  on  March  25,  1917. 

2.  Relieved  and  sent  to  rest  at  the  beginning  of  April  in  the  Sedan  area,  it  went  up 
in  the  middle  of  the  month  to  the  sector  in  Champagne  between  Hill  232  (east  of 
Nauroy)  and  the  Suippe. 


DIVISIOIs^S  OF  GEEMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     335 

3.  On  April  19  the  101st  and  108th  Infantry  Regiments  counterattacked  energetic 
ally  and  in  very  good  order  between  the  Teton  and  the  Suippe  and  obtained  some 
local  success  for  a  short  time.     On  April  20  the  100th  Infantry  Regiment  went  into 
action  in  its  turn. 

4.  Upon  the  conclusion  of  these  operations,  the  23d  Division  took  up  its  position 
on  the  new  front  (west  of  Auberive)  and  remained  there  until  the  beginning  of  De- 
cember, after  making  up  for  the  heavy  losses  suffered  in  April.  At  the  beginning  of 
January-,  1918,  the  23d  Division  went  to  occupy  the  sector  of  Loivre,  northwest  of 
Rheims,  and  in  February  the  sector  of  Courcy. 

RECRUITING. 

The  23d  Division  is  purely  Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  23d  Division  is  very  good. 

It  lost  very  heavily  at  the  time  of  the  offensive,  April,  1917,  in  Champagne,  but 
still  appeared  good. 

1918. 

In  February,  1918,  the  morale  of  the  division  seemed  high. 

1.  The  division  continued  in  the  sector  northwest  of  Rheims  (Courcy-Brimont) 
until  about  February  20,  where  it  was  relieved  by  the  213th  Division  and  moved 
toward  the  Somme  front. 

2.  It  was  transported  to  Neufchatel  on  the  23d.  From  there  it  proceeded  by  stages 
to  north  of  Guise  (Esqueheries,  La  Neuville-le-Dorengt).  It  rested  and  underwent 
training  in  this  area  until  March  18.  It  marched  by  night  toward  the  front  by  way 
of  Bohain,  Fresnoy  le  Grand  (where  the  Kaiser  inspected  it),  Le  Verguier  (evening 
of  Mar.  21-22). 

Battle  of  the  Somme. 

3.  The  division  followed  the  advance  in  third  line  from  March  22  to  29  through 
Holnon,  Beauvois,  Atliies,  St.  Christ,  Chaulnes,  Rosieres,  Beaucourt  en  Santerre. 
It  was  engaged  from  March  29  to  April  3  (Mezieres,  Villers  aux  Erables,  La  Neuville 
Sire  Bernard).  Its  advance  continued  to  a  line  east  of  Mailly-Rainval,  Sauvillers. 
It  was  in  second  line  from  April  2  to  7,  when  it  returned  to  line  near  Grievesnes  until 
April  13.  The  di\dsion's  losses  were  estimated  to  have  been  about  70  per  cent  in  the 
fighting. 

Champagne. 

4.  Wlien  withdrawn  from  the  Somme,  on  the  13th,  the  division  was  moved  to 
Champagne  and  took  over  a  quiet  sector  east  of  Auberive  on  the  31st,  which  it  held 
until  June  6.     While  in  line  the  di\'ision  was  reconstituted. 

5.  The  division  rested  in  the  vicinity  of  Bazoches  from  June  5  to  15,  undergoing 
intensive  training.  It  came  into  line  on  the  night  of  June  19-20  at  St.  Pierre  Aigle, 
relie\'ing  the  45th  Reserve  Di\ision.  It  was  retired  from  the  front  at  Villers  Cotterets 
about  July  1 .  It  rested  near  Braisne  until  the  12th,  when  it  marched  toward  the  Mame 
front  (Foret  de  Ris)  on  July  12. 

Second  Battle  op  the  Marne. 

6.  It  reinforced  the  battle  front  southwest  of  Dormans  on  the  15th.  It  crossed  the 
Marne  east  of  Courcelles  north  of  Sawigny  and  advanced  to  La  Chapelle  Monthodon. 
On  the  17th  it  was  checked  and  rolled  back  by  the  Foret  de  Fere  to  Fresnes  (south  of 
Fere  en  Tardenoise,  July  26). 

Artois. 

7.  The  division  was  withdrawn  about  the  end  of  July  and  went  to  Chimay  to  rest. 
On  August  13  it  entrained  and  moved  to  the  Douai  area  via  \'alencennes,  where  it 


336    DIVISIONS  or  German  army  which  participated  in  war. 

came  into  line  on  August  24  southwest  of  Arras.  The  British  attack  forced  it  to  give 
way  to  the  line  Beugny-^Morchies,  with  a  loss  of  700  prisoners.  On  the  5th  the  di^dsion 
withdrew  from  line. 

8.  The  diAision  rested  until  September  27,  when  it  appeared  in  line  northeast  of 
Bixschoote,  southeast  of  the  forest  of  Ilouthulst.  After  five  days  of  heavy  figliting 
it  was  withdrawn  from  line.  Eight  hundred  prisoners  were  taken  from  the  division. 
It  was  at  rest  near  Gits  until  the  14th,  when  it  was  again  engaged  north  of  Roulers  unti. 
October  20.  On  that  date  it  passed  to  second  line  southeast  of  Ghent,  where  it  was 
again  in  contact  with  the  Allies  on  November  8.  The  last  identification  was  at 
Sommersaeke,  Aecke,  on  November  9. 

VALUE 191.8   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  tliird-class  division.  Its  use  in  two  offensives  of  1918 
and  its  constant  employment  on  active  sectors  in  the  last  six  months  of  the  war  would 
seem  to  warrant  a  higher  rating. 

At  the  end  the  effectives  of  the  division  ^v'a^  very  much  reduced. 


DIVISIOiSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     337 


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338     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(12th  Corps  District — Saxony.)  _ 

1914. 
Belgium-Ardenxes-Ch.\mpagnk. 

1.  The  23d  Reserve  Division,  forming  on  mol)ilization  the  12th  Reserve  Corps, 
with  the  24th  Reserve  Division,  was  a  part  in  1914  of  the  3d  German  Army  (Von 
Hansen).  It  detrained  on  August  12-13  at  Wengerohr  (Coblentz-Treves  line),  re- 
mained for  a  few  days  on  the  frontier  north  of  Luxemburg,  and  entered  Belgium  on 
the  19th.  It  crossed  the  Meuse  at  Antree,  below  Dinant  (Aug.  23),  and  entered 
France  on  the  27th  by  way  of  Phillip ville  (Marienburg  and  Couvin).  It  went  across 
Champagne  by  Chateau  Porcien,  Tagnon,  and  Le  Chatelet  (Sept.  Ij,  went  to  the 
east  of  Rheims,  crossed  the  Marne  east  of  Epernay,  and  reached  the  railroad  from 
Sezanne  to  Vitry  le  Francois  between  Vassimont  and  Sommesous  on  September  8. 

Marne. 

2.  Engaged  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne,  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  3d  Army,  the 
23d  Reserve  Division  suffered  heavy  losses  (Sept.  8-9). 

Champagne. 

3.  It  retired,  by  way  of  ]\Iourmelon,  to  the  region  of  Monrouvilliers  Aul^erive  and 
took  up  its  position  there  (end  of  September). 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  23d  Reserve  Division  occupied  the  Cliampagne  front  (Aul)erive  sector) 
luitil  the  month  of  July,  1916. 

2.  On  Septeml;er  25  it  received  the  French  offensive,  which  caused  it  verj'  heavy 
losses.  At  this  time  the  103d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  detached  from  the  23d 
Reserve  Division  and  assigned  to  the  Liebert  Division.  In  October  it  rejoined  the 
23d  Reserve  Division  after  being  reorganized.  Its  losses  in  the  Champagne  l)attle 
had  been  140  killed,  751  wounded,  and  1.369  missing.  On  October  2  at  least  115  men 
had  been  sent  to  the  8th  Company  of  the  103d  Infantry'  Regiment  as  replacements. 

1916. 

1.  The  23d  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  from  the  sector  of  Auberive-St.  Souplet 
sector  between  July  15  and  20,  1916.  and  transferred  to  the  north  of  Peronne. 

SOMME. 

2.  It  was  engaged  in  tlie  l)attle  of  the  Somme  (north  of  Hem  to  the  Monacu  Farm) 
until  August  12-14.  The  100th  Reserve  Grenadier  Regiment  lost  1,700  men  there 
(letter).  The  7th  Company  of  the  103d  Infantry  Regiment  received  at  least  113  men 
as  replacements  between  August  1  and  17. 

Artois. 

3.  After  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Douai,  the  division  was  sent  south  of  Lens  (Angres- 
Souchez  from  the  beginning  of  Septernber  to  Oct.  20).  Its  composition  was  modi- 
fied by  the  substitution  of  the  392d  Infantry  Regiment,  formed  by  men  taken  from 
various  Saxon  regiments,  for  the  10.3d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment. 

SoMME. 

4.  About  the  middle  of  October  it  was  again  on  the  Somme  (north  of  Gueudecourt). 
It  remained  there  for  five  weeks  and  suffered  very  little. 

Artois. 

5.  Relieved  from  the  Somme  on  DecemJ>er  3  and  4  the  23d  Reserve  Division 
remained  at  rest  for  a  few  days  near  Cambrai,  and  then  took  over  the  sector  east  of 
Arras  (between  Roclincourt  and  Beaurains).  The  101st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment 
was  transferred  to  a  new  Saxon  Division,  the  119th,  and  the  23d  Reserve  Division  waa 
reduced  to  three  regiments. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      339 

1917. 

1.  The  division  occupied  the  Artoia  front  during  the  winter  of  1916-17. 

2.  It  was  \^thdra\vn  at  the  end  of  March  to  go  to  Belgium. 

Flakders. 

3.  Sent  to  rest  in  the  Bruges  area  for  a  fortnight;  it  then  went  in  line  for  a  month 
north  of  Ypres  (calm  sector). 

4.  It  was  in  reserve  in  June  and  then  went  to  the  front  on  .July  10  between  the 
railroad  from  Ypres  to  Staden  and  the  Ypres-Roulers  Railroad.  In  the  course  of  its 
relief  (July  31)  it  suffered  hea^•ily  from  the  bombardment  which  preceded  the  British 
attack. 

5.  Retained  in  Flanders,  it  took  part  on  September  22  in  the  fighting  in  the  Pass- 
chendaele  sector  and  underwent  the  British  attack  of  September  20,  which  caused 
it  heavy  losses.  (The  2d  Company  of  the  100th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was 
reduced  to  25  men.) 

Russia. 

6.  After  five  days  in  line  the  23d  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  and  transferred  to 
Russia,  where  it  arrived  on  October  8. 

7.  It  appeared  in  the  Vilna  area  between  October  ]0  and  17.  In  the  middle  of 
November  it  was  identified  near  Postavy,  where  it  still  was  at  the  end  of  Januarji-,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  23d  Reserve  Di\'ision  is  purely  Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  23d  Reserve  Division  was  not  seriously  engaged  during  the  first  half  of  1917, 
but  has  suffered  heavily  since  that  time. 

After  the  losses  which  it  suffered  in  July,  ]917,  it  received  mediocre  replacements 
(elderly  men  and  returned  convalescents.) 

If  one  adds  to  that  the  heavy  losses  which  it  -suffered  at  Passchendaele  in  Sep- 
tember, and  in  its  four  months'  stay  on  the  Eastern  Front,  one  may  rest  assured  that 
the  morale  and  general  (juality  of  the  division  had  diminished  in  value  for  more  than 
a  year.     (British  Summary  of  Information,  Feb.,  1918.) 

1918. 
Artois. 

1.  In  March  the  division  was  transferred  to  the  Western  IVont.  It  entrained  near 
Dvinsk  on  March  16  and  traveled  \'ia  Vilna-Koenigsberg-Marienburg-Schneide- 
muhl- Berlin- Hanover- Meudcn-Krefeld-jVix  la  Chapelle-Hasselt-Louvain-Brussels- 
Courtrai-LUle,  and  detrained  at  Libercourt  (16  km.  south  of  Lille)  on  March  22.  It 
left  for  the  front  on  March  26. 

It  came  into  line  in  the  Oppy  sector  on  March  28.  In  the  attack  on  this  day  all 
three  regiments  of  the  division  suffered  heavy  casualties.  The  dixnsion  continued 
in  line  in  the  vicinity  imtil  about  June  25. 

Flanders. 

2.  When  relieved  in  the  Airas  sector  the  di\dsion  marched  north  and  relieved  the 
15th  Reserve  Division  near  Calonne  sur  la  Lys  about  June  27.  In  later  August  the 
di\'ision  extended  its  sector  to  the  south  to  include  the  front  southwest  of  Vielle 
Chapelle,  southeast  of  Merville  and  east  of  Laventie. 

The  di\-ision  held  this  front  through  August  and  September.  On  September 30  the 
resting  regiment  of  the  di\-ision — the  lOOthjReserve  Regiment — was  sent  up  to  rcenforce 
the  Ypres  front.     It  was  engaged  for  two  weeks  in  the  vicinity  of  Ledeghem.    In 


340    Divisioisrs  of  german  army  which  participated  in  war. 

October  the  division  was  engaged  in  the  Little  area  until  about  the  20th.  It  was 
taken  out  of  line  north  of  Tournai  and  sent  to  relieve  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserve  Di-vosion 
on  the  night  of  October  22-23  at  Octeghem.  It  remained  in  line  until  a  few  days 
before  the  armistice.     The  last  identification  was  at  Audenarde  on  November  2. 

*  VALUE — 191S   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.     Its  record  of  more  than  eight  months'  constant 
service  in  line  in  fairly  active  sectors  indicated  considerable  power  of  resistance. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      341 

23d  Landwelir  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

14  Ldw. 

27  Ldw. 
26  Ldw. 
66  Ldw. 

13  Ldw. 

26  Ldw 

27  Ldw. 
66  Ldw. 

Cavalry     

(?) 

6  Sqn.  10  Hus.  Rgt. 
43  Res.  Cav.  Detch. 
91  Ldw.  Cav.  Rgt.  (Schutz.). 

Art.  Command: 
103  F.  A.  Rgt. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons . 

(423)  Pion.  Btn.: 
347  Pion.  Co. 
(323)  T.  M.  Co. 
523  Tel.  Detch. 

1  Landst.  Co.  7  C.  Dist.  Pions. 
264  Searchlight  Section. 
283  Searchlight  Section . 
112  Searchlight  Section. 
523  Signal  Command: 
523  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  veterinary . 

5.58  Ambulance  Co. 
70  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

558  Ambulance  Co. 
99  Field  Hospital. 
70  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
106  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
523  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transports 

M.  T.  Col. 

760  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony.) 
1917. 

1.  The  23d  Landwehr  Division,  formed  at  the  end  of  April,  1917,  in  the  Argonne, 
was  composed  of  the  independent  13th  Landwehr  Brigade  (26th  and  27th  Landwehr 
Regiments)  and  of  the  66th  Landwehr  Regiment  taken  from  the  5th  Landwehr  Divi- 
sion. This  latter  division  furnished  the  staff  of  its  infantry  brigade  (14th  I>andwelir 
Brigade). 

2.  After  being  assigned  to  the  23d  Landwehr  Division,  the  13th  Landwehr  Brigade 
occupied  the  sector  of  Boiireuilles  north  of  Vienne  la  Ville  in  the  Agonne.  It  was  in 
the  Argonne  from  September  1914. 

Russia. 

3.  Almost  as  soon  as  it  was  formed  the  23d  Landwehr  Division  was  transferred  to 
the  Eastern  Front  (entraining  of  the  26th  Landwehr  Regiment  on  May  19).  Itinerary: 
Carignan-  Liege-  Coblentz-  Cassel-Halle-Cottbus-Gnessen-Graudenz-Koenigsberg- 
ChavU-Poneviej.  Going  into  line  about  May  25  in  the  \-icinity  of  Illukst  (Courland) 
the  division  remained  in  this  sector  until  February,  1918.  It  was  too  much 
weakened  to  contriljute  replacements  to  the  di\-ision  destined  to  operate  In  France, 
as,  for  example,  the  87th  Di\'ision.  On  December  28  tlie  1st  and  2d  Companies  of 
the  347  th  Infantry  Regiment  each  received  some  75  to  80  men  from  the  23d  Landwehr 
Division. 


342      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  AE:\rY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  "WAR. 


The  23d  Landwehr  Division  is  composed  entirely  of  elderly  mer ;  in  May  1917,  the 
recruit  depots  of  the  division  furnished  men  from  40  to  46  years  of  age.  At  the  end  of 
1917  the  best  elements  had  been  taken  for  use  on  the  'Western  Front. 

191S. 

DVINSK. 

1.  Beginning  in  February,  the  23d  Landwehr  Division  occupied  the  Dvinsk  region. 
A  man  of  the  division  -wTote  from  that  city  under  date  of  March  15:  ""We  have  been 
here  since  the  20th  of  February.  The  23d  Landwehr  Regiment,  to  which  I  belong, 
is  to  remain  in  Russia  for  guard  duty.  "We  hold  the  new  frontier. "  The  26th  Land- 
wehr and  27th  Landwehr  Regiments  and  di\T.sional  headquarters  were  identified 
here  on  May  9.  On  the  18th  of  May,  elements  of  the  27th  Landwehr  Regiment  were 
in  the  \'icinity  of  Riejitsa. 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAlsr  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     348 


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818  Light  Am.  Col. 
1277Light  Am.  Col. 
1278  Fight  .Vm.  Col. 

22  I'ion.  Btn.: 

2  Co.  22  Pions. 

0  Co.  22  Pions. 

134  Searchlight  Section. 
24  Signal  f^ommand: 

24  Tel.  Detch. 

93  Wireless  Detch. 

47  Amhulancp  Co. 
307  Field  Hospital. 
311  Field  Hospital. 
21  Vet.  Hospital. 

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24  Tel.  Detch. 

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344      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(19th  Corps  District — Saxony.) 
1914. 

1.  The  24th  Division  belongs  to  the  19th  Army  Corps.  It  is  recruited  in  the  western 
part  of  the  Kingdom  of  Saxony  (Leipzig). 

Marne. 

2.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  it  formed  a  part  with  the  19th  Army  Corps,  of  the  3d 
German  Army  (Von  Hansen).  One  of  its  brigades,  the  48th,  sent  away  secretly, 
detrained  on  August  4  at  Pruem  (Eifel),  and  entered  the  north  of  Luxemburg  on  the 
5th.  The  division  concentrated  in  the  Houffalize  on  August  11,  arrived  on  the  banks 
of  the  Meuse  on  the  22d,  which  it  crossed  on  the  24th  and  25th  al>ove  Dinant.  It  was 
at  Chalons  on  September  5,  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Marne  on  the  7th  and 
8th  between  Vitry  le  Francois  and  Maisons  en  Champagne.  From  there  it  returned 
to  St.  Hilaire  le  Grand. 

Flanders. 

3.  In  October,  1914,  the  24th  Division  went  over  to  the  6th  Army  (Crown  Prince  of 
Bavaria),  and  took  up  its  position,  which  crosses  the  Lys  (Flanders). 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1.  In  March,  1915,  the  106th  and  107th  Infantry  Regiments  were  transferred  to  the 
58th  Division.  The  24th  Division,  reduced  to  two  regiments,  was  filled  up  by  taking 
the  133d  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  40th  Division.  The  19th  Army  Corps  retained 
the  Lys  sector  until  the  month  of  August,  1917.  It  detached  elements  from  its  di^^.- 
sions  to  reenforce  other  sectors  at  various  times. 

2.  In  January,  1915,  the  24th  Division  had  elements  in  action  at  L'Epinette. 

3.  At  the  battle  of  Neuve  Chapelle  (March,  1915)  and  at  Festubert  (May-June, 
1915),  it  reinforced  the  7th  Army  Corps. 

4.  At  the  time  of  the  Franco-British  offensi^'e  in  Artois,  units  of  the  24th  Division 
again  acted  as  reenforcements  at  La  Bass^e-Souchez  (June  and  October,  1915). 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  August,  1916,  in  the  sector  of  the  Lys,  the  19th 
Army  Corps  was  sent,  about  August  8,  to  the  Somme,  north  of  Pozi^res,  where  it  suf- 
fered considerable  losses. 

2.  At  the  end  of  August  it  was  placed  for  several  weeks  in  the  sector  of  Neuve 
Chapelle-La  Bass^e,  then  of  Le  Sars-Butte  de  Warlencourt.  It  took  part  a  second 
time  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme  (October). 

The  two  divisions  of  the  corps  suffered  very  heavily  duiing  these  two  engagements 
in  the  Franco- British  offensive.  The  24th  division  lost  6,217  men;  that  is,  69  per 
cent  of  its  effectives. 

3.  The  24th  Division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Somme  about  November  11  and 
transferred  to  Flanders,  where  it  occupied  the  line  between  the  Ypres-Comines  Canal 
and  the  Douve  (December  and  the  first  months  of  1917). 

1917. 
Flanders. 

1.  \\1ien  the  British  offensive  was  being  i>repared  on  the  Wytachaete-Messines  front, 
the  24th  Division  was  mthdrawn  from  the  Ypres-Comines  sector  and  stationed  behind 
Lille  (beginning  of  April,  1917). 


DrVTSTOXS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     345 

On  the  7th  of  June  it  was  sent  toward  the  front;  the  179th  Infantry  Regiment  was 
in  action  east  of  Wytschaete  on  the  8th,  and  the  division  occupied  the  sector  of  Holle- 
beke,  where  it  was  retained  until  June  27. 

During  this  period  the  di\'ision  suffered  heavily. 

2.  Relieved  and  sent  to  rest  at  the  end  of  June,  it  went  back  into  line  in  Belgium 
(sector  southwest  of  Houthem)  during  the  month  of  August. 

3.  It  left  the  line  at  the  beginning  of  October,  and,  after  a  few  days  of  rest,  again 
took  over  a  sector  in  the  area  southeast  of  Ypres  northwest  of  Zandvoorde — west  of 
Gheluvelt.  It  left  there  at  the  end  of  October  to  go  to  the  south  of  the  Scarpa,  at 
Monchy  le  Preux,  where  it  was  still  in  line  at  the  beginning  of  Februarj^  1918 

RECRUITING. 

The  24th  Division  is  purely  Paxon. 

VALUE 1917   ESTIMATE 

In  a  general  manner,  the  attitude  of  the  19th  Army  Corps  has  been  rather  passive 
since  trench  warfare  succeeded  the  war  of  movement. 
We  may  say  that  the  Saxon  is  a  courageous  adversary. 
The  24th  Di\ision  is  good. 

'      1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Monchy  le  Preux  sector  until  about  February  11,  when 
it  v/as  relieved  by  the  185th  Division  and  transferred  to  the  area  north  of  Valenciennes 
to  rest  and  train.  On  March  IG  it  began  to  march  toward  the  Cambrai  front.  The 
route  lay  through  Raismes,  Haveluy,  Wallers,  Aniche,  Aubigny  au  Bac,  Marquion. 
It  reached  the  original  German  front  line  on  March  22  at  9  a.  m. 

Battle  op  the  Somme. 

2.  The  division  followed  the  advance  in  reserve  until  the  night  of  March  24-25, 
when  it  came  in  line  south  of  Bapaume  (Ligny-Tilloy).  It  advanced  in  first  line  by 
Gre\illers  (26th)  Achiet  le  Petit,  Hebuterne  (27th  and  29th).  From  March  30  to 
April  5  it  was  in  reserve.  On  the  6th  the  division  was  reengaged  near  Hebuterne  and 
Bucquoy  until  April  15. 

According  to  the  German  press,  the  Kaiser  on  March  27  telegraphed  the  King  of 
Saxony  felicitating  him  on  the  success  of  the  24th  Division. 

3.  The  division  was  at  rest  from  April  15  to  the  end  of  May,  first  at  Bapaume  and  later 
at  Valenciennes. 

PiCARDY. 

4.  The  division  was  engaged  from  May  28  to  June  16  in  the  sector  of  the  Bois 
d'Aveluy  (north  of  Albert).  When  relieved  from  this  front  it  went  by  railroad  to 
the  Cambrai  area.  The  139th  Regiment  went  into  camp  at  Eswars  and  St.  Martin; 
the  133d,  at  Raillencourt ;  the  179th,  at  Ramillies  and  Escaudoewres.  The  division 
underwent  training  and  executed  divisional  maneuvers.  Between  the  5th  and  10th 
of  July  the  di\dsion  marched  by  Cambrai,  Flesquieres,  Ha\Tincourt,  Bertincourt  to 
the  region  Haplincourt  Bus  for  the  purpose  of  reengaging  in  the  Aveluy  sector  where 
the  Germans  expected  an  attack  by  the  English.  It  remained  a  week  in  the  region 
and  returned  to  its  cantonments  in  the  Cambrai  area. 

About  July  18  an  order  was  issued  placing  the  division  at  the  disposition  of  the  6th 
Army  for  a  projected  offensive  in  Flanders.  This  order  was  revoked,  and  about 
July  20  the  di\'ision  entrained  at  Ivuy  and  Sancourt  and  moved  to  Chaulnes  (^^a 
Peronne).  It  remained  in  the  vicinity  several  days  and  then  moved  to  Queenel  by 
narrow-gauge  railroad. 


346     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

AVRE. 

5.  From  the  1st  of  August  until  the  17th  the  division  opposed  a  lively  resistance 
to  the  French  attack  in  the  \xre.     In  this  fighting  the  division  lost  800  prisoners. 

Laox. 

6.  The  division  rested  a  week  west  of  Ham.  It  was  engaged  west  of  Coucy  le 
Chateau  (Champs  Folembray)  from  August  30  to  September  9.  It  retreated  about 
the  9th  to  Baresis.  On  October  3  the  division  was  relieved  north  of  the  St.  Gobain- 
Baresis  railroad. 

St.  Quentin. 

7.  It  was  moved  by  trucks  to  Fontaine-Uterte  (north  of  St.  Quentin)  and  engaged 
on  October  4  near  Sequehart.  The  division  was  forced  back  on  Montbrehain  and 
Andigny.  Three  hundred  and  forty-five  prisoners  were  lost  on  the  8th,  Two  days 
later  the  division  was  relieved.  On  the  17th  the  division  was  again  identified  in  line 
at  Vaux-Audigny,  but  was  withdrawn  in  a  day  or  two. 

8.  It  arrived  in  an  area  northeast  of  FoiU'mies  on  October  23  and  was  still  there  on 
the  26th.     No  later  identification  was  secured. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  a  third-class  division.  Its  conduct  in  the  March  offensive 
and  in  the  defensive  in  August  and  October  was  above  the  average  and  would  warrant 
a  higher  rating. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     347 


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348     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(19th  Corps  District — Saxony.)  . 
1914. 

1.  The  24th  Reserve  Di\'ision  (12th  Reserve  Corps  Avith  the  33d  Reserve  Division) 
belonged  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war  to  the  3d  German  Army  (Von  Hansen). 

2.  Detraining  on  August  12-13, 1914,  northeast  of  Treves,  (Coblentz-Trfeves  railroad), 
entering  Belgium  by  way  of  Viel-Salm  on  the  19th,  it  advanced  into  France  by  way  of 
the  Ardennes  and  Champagne  and  from  there  to  Sompuis  (west  of  Vitr>-  le  Francois, 
Sept.  8). 

Marne. 

3.  Going  into  action  on  September  8  and  9  in  the  vicinity  of  Mailly,  it  retired  by 
way  of  Moiu-melon  and  Sei)t-Saulx  to  the  east  of  Rheima  (Moronvilliers-Vaudesin- 
court).  It  made  a  stand  in  this  sector  and  established  its  position  there  (end  of  Sep- 
tember). 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  24th  Reserve  Division  remained  in  line  on  the  Champagne  front  (north  of 
Souain,  south  of  St.  Souplet-Moron\-ilUers)  from  September,  1914,  until  the  beginning 
of  July,  1916.  In  April,  1915,  the  106th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  transferred  to 
the  123d  DiA'ision,  a  new  formation. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September,  1915,  it  suffered  very  heavy  losses  while  opi)Osing  the 
French  offensive. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  Relieved  from  its  sector  in  Champagne  about  the  beginning  of  July,  1916,  the  24th 
Reserve  Division  was  transferred  to  the  Somme.  It  went  into  action  between  I,on- 
gueval  and  Hardecourt,  from  the  middle  to  the  end  of  July. 

2.  Some  elements  of  the  division  were  still  fighting  on  the  Somme  (near  Martin- 
puich  in  September). 

Artois. 

3.  About  September  21,  the  24th  Reserve  Di\-ision  was  put  in  line  north  of  Arras 
(area from  LieAnn  to  Roclincourt). 

Somme. 

4.  ItleftArtoisinthemiddleofNovemberto  return  to  the  Somme,  south  of  Rapaunie 
(Le  Transloy-Gueudecourt).  It  remained  there  until  December  12,  then  returned  to 
Artois  (sector  east  of  Arras)  at  the  end  of  December. 

1917. 

1.  The  24th  Reserve  DiA-ision  occupied  the  sector  east  of  Arra.s  imtil  March  25, 
1917.     Relieved  at  this  date,  it  was  sent  to  rest  northeast  of  Ghent. 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  On  April  26  it  entrained  for  the  Eastern  Front.  Itinerary:  Herbestal-.Vix 
la  Chapelle-Dusseldorf-Barmen-Leixjzig-Dresden-Georlitz-Lemberg.  Detraining  in 
GaUcia,  it  went  into  line  south  of  Brzezany,  at  the  beginning  of  May.  It  underwent 
the  Russian  offensive  at  the  beginning  of  July,  in  the  course  of  wliich  prisoners  of  the 
three  regiments  and  a  part  of  the  artillery  of  the  division  were  left  in  the  hands  of  the 
Russians  (366  prisoners  from  the  133d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment). 

3.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  and  reorgardzed,  the  24th  Reserve  Di\ision  again  went 
into  action  on  July  20  (German  counterattack).  It  advanced  as  far  as  Zbrucz  and 
suffered  new  losses. 

4.  About  August  16  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Skala. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAiST  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      349 

5.  Entraining  for  the  Western  Front  on  October  24,  it  detrained  at  Bruges  on  the 
31st.  Itinerary:  Stanislau-Lemberg-Breslau-Dresden-Leipzig-Cassel-Trfeves-Brus- 
sels. 

Cambrai. 

6.  After  a  rest  in  Belgium  during  the  month  of  November,  the  24th  Reserve  Division 
fought  at  Cambrai  (end  of  November).  It  remained  in  the  sector  Flesquiferfes-Grain- 
court  until  the  end  of  February,  1918. 

VALUE 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  24th  Reserve  DL\'ision  took  part  in  numerous  battles;  it  is  a  fairly  good  division. 

1918. 

1.  The  di^^sion  was  relieved  in  the  Cambrai  sector  on  February  6  by  the  27th 
Di\'ision  and  went  to  rest  in  the  I\Tiy  area.    On  the  28th  it  marched  \da  Cambrai — 
Sains  Inchy  to  Prou\'ille  and  went  into  line. 

Battle  of  the  Somme. 

2.  It  took  part  in  the  initial  attack  and  by  the  22d  had  reached  Boursies.  On  the 
following  day,  the  di\-ision  advanced  through  Hermies  to  Ruyaulcourt  and  was 
relieved  in  the  evening.  The  di\'ision  rested  until  April  6  when  it  came  into  line 
north  of  Ilangard  where  it  was  engaged  until  April  19,  when  the  19th  Di\-ision  relieved 
it.  The  di^^sion  suffered  very  heavily  from  artillery  and  machine  gun  fire  in  this 
sector. 

3.  The  division  was  at  rest  until  May  1,  when  it  returned  to  the  front  south  of  the 
Somme,  relie\"ing  the  1st  Di\'ision.  About  the  24th  of  ^lay  the  di\'ision  sideslipped 
north  and  took  the  sector  astride  the  Somme.  It  was  relieved  about  the  middle  of 
June. 

Second  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

4.  The  di\ision  rested  in  the  Cambrai  area  undergoing  training.  It  left  Cambrai 
about  July  19  and  was  engaged  west  of  Fere  en  Tardenois  on  July  24.  The  division 
took  part  in  the  fighting  on  the  Aisne  until  about  September  5.  It  passed  to  second 
line  for  about  two  weeks  and  returned  to  line  at  Pinon  on  September  20.  Until  the 
armistice,  it  was  constantly  engaged  in  resisting  the  Allied  advance.  It  was  identified 
at  Verneuil  (Oct.  19),  Chalaudry  (21st),  Mortiers  (26th),  Crecy  (28th),  and  south  of 
Landouzy  on  November  7. 

VALUE 1918    estimate. 

The  di\dsion  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  used  as  an  attack  division  in  March, 
but  thereafter  was  engaged  entirely  on  the  defensive.  It  appears  to  have  resisted  as 
well  08  the  average  German  di\'ision. 


350     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

24:tli  Landwelir  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918' 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

9  Landwelir 

4S  I.andwehr 

48  Landwelor. 

427. 

Artillery 

Art.  Conuaand: 

250  Ldw,  F,  A. 

Rgt. 

'  The  24th  Landwehr  Division  is  considered  as  dissolved. 

HISTORY. 

(24th  and  48th  Landwehr  Regiments:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.) 

1917. 
Russia. 

1.  The  24th  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  aljout  October, 
1917,  by  the  transformation  of  the  9th  Landwehr  Brigade  (24th  and  48th  Landwehr 
Regiments). 

This  brigade,  after  forming  a  part  of  the  war  garrison  of  Koenigsberg  (August,  1914), 
then  of  the  Sommer  Di\dsion,  had  gone  over  to  the  new  10th  Landwehr  Di^'ision  in 
1915. 

Becoming  independent,  it  held  the  sector  of  Lake  Svir  until  September,  1915. 
Spiagla. 

2.  Made  up  of  the  24th  and  48th  Landwehr  Regiments,  to  which  waf  temporarily 
joined  the  427th  Infantry  Regiment  coming  fi-om  the  205th  Division,  the  24th 
Landwehr  Division  occupied  the  sector  south  of  Lake  Narotch-Spiagla  UBtH  February, 
1918. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  24th  Landwehr  Di%-ision  is  of  mediocre  (luality. 

1918. 

1.  In  January,  1918,  the  diA'ision  was  reduced  to  two  regiments,  the  427th  Regiment 
having  been  sent  to  the  Western  Front. 

Livonia. 

2.  In  ^farch  the  division  advanced  into  Russia  and  was  identified  about  the  middle 
of  May  in  the  Ostrov-Reijitsa  region.  The  427th  Regiment  was  dissolved,  but  the 
48th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  identified  in  Russia  on  the  19th  of  September.  It  seems 
possible  that  the  divisional  staff  was  also  disbanded  and  that  the  9th  Landwehr  Brigade, 
with  the  48th  Landwfehr  Regiment  under  its  orders,  again  became  independent. 

VALUE 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     351 


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352     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(18th  Corps  District — Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse.) 

1914. 
Luxemburg. 

1.  The  25th  Division,  also  known  as  the  Hessian  Grand  Ducal  Division,  formed,  in 
August,  1914,  with  the  2l8t  Division,  the  ISth  Army  Corps.  On  August  3  its  50th 
Brigade  set  out  for  Koenigsmacher,  near  Thion\'ille,  as  covering  troops.  On  August 
10  and  11  the  25th  Di\dsion  entered  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Luxemburg,  which  it  crossed, 
and  entered  Belgian  Luxemburg  on  the  19th. 

Ardennes. 

2.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  4th  Army  (Duke  of  Wurttemberg)  and  fought  at  Maissin, 
northwest  of  Xeufchftteau  on  August  22.  On  August  24,  it  entered  France;  on  the 
27th  it  crossed  the  Meuse  below  Mouzon.  (On  Aug.  31  the  losses  had  been  such  that 
the  remnants  of  the  116th  Infantry  Regiment  formed  only  four  companies.) 

Marxe. 

3.  On  September  6  and  the  days  immediately  following  the  25th  Di%d8ion  took  part 
in  the  battle  of  the  Marne  between  Vitry  and  Sermaize.  In  the  middle  of  the  month, 
it  was  northwest  of  Rheims,  on  the  Aisne-Marne  Canal.  On  September  26  it  entrained 
at  Laon  for  Ham. 

SOMME. 

4.  In  October  the  18th  Army  Corps  was  reattached  to  the  2d  Army  which  formed 
at  this  time  the  extreme  right  flank  of  the  German  Army  (Peronne  area)  and  the 
division  went  into  line — the  Lihons-Chaulnes  road  to  the  banks  of  the  Avre. 

1915. 

SOMME. 

1.  The  25th  Di\'ision  was  retained  in  this  sector  north  of  the  A\Te  until  October  15, 
1915.  During  this  time  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  important  action.  In  March  it 
ceded  the  118th  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  56th  Di^-ision,  a  new  formation. 

2.  After  a  long  rest  in  the  St.  Quentin  area  fthe  staff  of  the  18th  Army  Corps  was  at 
Fresnoy  le  Grand  in  December,  1915,  and  that  of  the  25th  Di\'ision  at  Busigny  in 
January,  1916)  the  25th  Division  was  transferred  to  the  sector  north  of  Verdun  at  the 
beginning  of  February,  1916. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  On  February  21,  1916,  it  took  part  in  the  general  attack  north  of  Verdun.  After 
advancing  rapidly,  the  18th  Army  Corps  was  stopped  in  the  area  west  of  Douaumont. 
On  March  9  it  failed  in  its  attacks  on  the  Haudremont  Farm. 

2.  The  Army  Corps  was  then  sent  to  rest  in  the  rear  area  to  be  reorganized. 

3.  About  April  10,  the  18th  Army  Corps  reappeared  in  line  (Caillette  wood).  The 
25th  Di\'i8ion  suffered  very  hea%'y  losses  in  its  attacks. 

4.  Relieved  about  April  25,  it  was  put  in  line  about  the  middle  of  May  in  the  ^'icinity 
of  Craonne. 

SOMME. 

5.  It  was  withdrawn  from  this  sector  about  the  1st  of  September  and  transferred  to 
the  Somme,  where  it  went  into  action  from  September  15  to  October  1,  and  again  lost 
very  heavily. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  25th  Division  left  the  Somme  to  occupy  the 
sector  Apremont-Ailly  wood  in  the  '\Voe^Te. 

7.  Again  transferred  to  the  Somme  at  the  end  of  November,  it  was  put  into  line  in 
the  area  north  of  Chaulnes  (sector  from  Kratz  wood  to  the  Demi-Lune).  It  was  in 
this  sector  at  the  time  of  the  retirement  on  March  16,  1916. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     353 

1917. 

1.  On  this  date  it  carried  out  its  retreat  by  way  of  Villecourt-Matigny-Douchy- 
Roupy,  in  the  direction  of  St.  Quentin. 

St.  Quentin. 

2.  On  March  20  it  began  to  withstand  our  advance  on  the  line.  Sa\'y-Dallon- 
Giffecourt,  and  when  the  front  was  stabilized  on  April  4  it  occupied  the  sector  in 
front  of  St.  Quentin  and  did  not  leave  until  the  end  of  May,  after  having  pillaged 
the  town. 

3.  It  spent  the  month  of  June  at  rest  (area  of  Neuvillette-Bernot) . 

4.  On  July  2  it  went  into  line  (Itancourt  sector),  and  on  July  18  launched  an  attack 
upon  the  salient  Moulin  de  Tons  Vents  (south  of  St.  Quentin). 

Flanders. 

5.  Relieved  about  the  middle  of  September,  it  was  sent  to  the  active  sector  of 
Flanders  (north  of  Zandvoorde). 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Ghent  area. 

7.  It  reappeared  on  the  front,  near  Passchendaele,  in  the  noiddle  of  November, 
and  remained  there  except  for  a  few  short  intervals  until  its  relief  on  February  10, 
1918. 

RECKUITING. 

The  25th  Di\'ision  is  recruited  from  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse.  Men  are  furnished 
principally  from  the  rest  of  the  18th  Corps  District  and  the  Rhine  District  (7th  and 
8th  Corps  Districts). 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  18th  Army  Corps  has  been  considered  one  of  the  best  corps  in  the  German 
Army. 

In  September,  1917,  the  morale  of  the  25th  Division  appeared  good.  At  this  time, 
as  the  division  had  not  taken  part  in  any  important  actions  since  September,  1916, 
it  was  difficult  to  form  a  judgment  as  to  the  combat  value  of  this  organization. 

Its  local  operation  on  the  salient  of  Moulin  de  Tous  Vents  (July  18,  1917)  was 
carried  out  energetically. 

1918. 

1.  The  reports  concerning  the  location  of  the  25th  Division  during  January  and 
early  February  are  conflicting,  mention  being  made  in  some  of  two  reliefs;  it  seems 
most  likely,  however,  that  the  division  was  not  relieved  until  February  10,  when  the 
15th  Division  took  over  its  sector  east  of  Passchendaele. 

MONS. 

2.  On  the  15th  it  entrained  at  Iseghem  and  traveled  via,  Coiirtrai-Ath-Mons  to 
Givry;  from  here  it  marched  to  Bavai  (southwest  of  Mons),  where  it  underwent  a 
course  of  intensive  training  in  open  warfare;  cooperation  vnth  tanks  was  featured. 
St.  Quentin. 

3.  The  division  marched  from  Pommereuil  on  the  16th,  via  Le  Cateau  and  Busigny, 
to  Becquigny,  and  from  there,  on  the  19th,  to  Wiancourt,  reenforcing  the  battle  front 
near  Le  Verguier  (northwest  of  St.  Quentin)  on  the  21st.  It  was  relieved  about  the 
30th,  after  ha\dng  suffered  heavy  losses. 

Amiens. 

4.  On  April  1  it  went  back  into  line  southeast  of  Hangard  en  Santerre  (southeast 
of  Amiens) ;  it  was  withdrawn  about  the  12th  and  moved  by  easy  stages  to  the  Lille 
area,  where,  on  account  of  its  good  fighting  on  the  St.  Quentin  and  Amiens  fronts, 
it  was  inspected  by  the  Kaiser  on  April  20.  The  commander  of  the  115th  Regiment 
received  Pour  le  Merite  at  the  same  time. 

125651°— 20 23 


354    Divisioisrs  of  German  army  which  participated  in  war. 

Bethune. 

5.  During  the  night  of  the  26-27th  of  April  it  relieved  the  240th  Division  near 
Hinges  (north  of  Bethune);  relieved  by  the  30th  Reserve  Di\'ision  on  the  10th  of 
May,  it  went  to  rest  in  the  area  north  of  Douai. 

Lys. 

6.  On  July  4  the  division  moved  up  into  close  reserve  in  the  Laventie-Estaires 
area,  and  during  the  night  of  the  6-7th  it  relieved  the  16th  Division  near  Merville, 
north  of  the  Lys.  On  the  20th  it  ^vas  withdrawn,  the  IGth  DiA-ision  roniing  back 
into  line,  and  went  to  the  Lille  area. 

SOMME. 

7.  After  about  a  month's  rest  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Montauban  (southeast  of 
Albert).  The  front  waa  being  forced  back  here,  and  so  the  division  passed  succes- 
sively through  Hardecourt,  Combles,  and  the  St.  Pierre-Vaast  wood,  where  it  was 
withdrawn  September  5,  after  losing  about  900  prisoners,  and  went  to  rest  in  the 
Bohain-Malincourt  area. 

Cambrai. 

8.  The  di\ision  reenforced  the  front  near  Briastre  (east  of  Cambrai)  on  October  11, 
and  was  withdrawn  about  the  28th. 

Valenciennes. 

9.  On  November  1  it  came  back  into  line  north  of  Valenciennes,  and  had  not  been 
withdrawn  on  the  11th. 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  25th  is  rated  as  a  first-class  di\dsion.  It  did  very  well  in  the  large  amount  of 
heavy  fighting  in  which  it  participated  during  1918,  and  as  a  result  suffered  exceed- 
ingly hea\'y  losses,  especially  in  officers.  It  received  numerous  large  drafts,  and  so 
the  division's  strength  was  rather  larger  than  the  average. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      355 


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356     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(168th  and  118th  Reserve  Regiments:  18th  Corps  District^Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse. 
83d  Reserve  Regiment:  11th  Corps  District— Electorate  of  Hesse.) 

1914. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  25th  Reserve  Di\Tsion,  forming  vrith  the  21st 
Reserv^e  Division  the  18th  Reserve  Corps,  belonged  to  the  4th  Army  (Duke  of  ^^'urt- 
temberg). 

Belgium-Argonne. 

2.  It  detrained  August  9-11  at  Hermeskeil  (southeast  of  Treves);  entered  Luxem- 
huig  the  16th  (by  way  of  RemichV,  crossed  Ijuxemburg  on  the  19th;  entered  Belgium 
on  the  20th.  On  the  22d  it  fought  at  Neufchateau;  on  the  22d,  at  Tremblois;  crossed 
the  Ikleuse  on  the  28th.  To  the  west  of  the  Argonne  the  25th  Reserve  Di\Tsion  ad- 
vanced to  the  area  of  Revigny.  At  the  battle  of  the  Marne  it  fought  on  the  Saulx,  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Brabant  le  Roy  (Sept.  7-10).  It  retired  by  way  of  Ste,  Mene- 
hould,  Moinemout,  to  the  south  of  Cernay  en  Dormois  (Sept.  14). 

Flanders. 

3.  In  October  the  25th  Reserve  Di\ision  was  sent  to  Flanders,  south  of  the  Lys. 
Toward  the  end  of  November  it  occupied  a  sector  north  of  Wjlschaete. 

Russia. 

4.  In  December  the  di\'ision  was  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front,  It  took  part, 
with  the  Fabeck  Corps,  in  the  operations  on  the  Bzura  (December,  1914,  to  Februarj', 
1915). 

1915. 
Galicia. 

1.  At  the  end  of  February,  1915,  it  was  engaged  in  the  Carpathians  north  of  the 
Dniester  (Von  der  Marwitz  Detachment);  in  June  at  Przemysl,  then  at  Lemberg. 

Brest-Litowsk. 

2.  In  July,  the  25th  Reserve  Di\-ision  took  part  in  the  offensive  on  Brest-Litowsk. 
Its  successes  occasioned  it  heavy  losses;  the  5th  Company  of  the  168th  Infantry  Regi- 
ment received  not  less  than  199  men  as  replacements  from  June  19  to  August  17. 

Serbia. 

3.  The  di\i8ion  took  part  in  the  Serbian  campaign  (October-November). 

France. 

4.  It  was  transferred  to  the  Western  Front  at  the  beginning  of  December,  1917.  It 
entrained  at  Weisskirchen  (Hungary).  Itinerary:  Temesvar-Budapest-A'ienna- 
Ulm-Stuttgart-Spire-Deux  Ponts-Saarbrucken-Sedan  (detrained  on  Dec.  11). 

Argonne. 

5.  On  December  18,  the  25th  Reserve  Division  went  into  line  on  the  Argonne  (La 
Harazee). 

1916. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  Argonne  until  the  end  of  July,  1916. 

Verdun. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July  it  was  transferred  to  the  Verdun  area.  It  was  engaged 
in  the  sector  of  Thiaumont  (July- August);  in  the  Nawe  wood  (August)  and  suffered 
heavy  losses.  It  was  again  very  much  exhausted  resisting  the  French  attack  of 
October  24. 

CHA.MPAGNE. 

3.  Relieved  after  this  attack,  the  25th  Reserve  Division  was  sent  to  rest  in  vicinity 
of  Jametz  and  was  reorganized.     On  November  16  it  went  into  line  east  of  Auberive. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      357 

In  the  course  of  November  it  received  important  replacements,  iiicludint,'  a  lar?e 
proportion  of  the  1917  class.  Its  reconstitution  was  not  completed  until  February, 
1917. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  was  retained  on  the  Champagne  front  (Auberive)  until  the  end  of 
January,  1917. 

Meuse. 

2.  On  February  27  it  went  into  line  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse  (sector  of 
Louvemont-Chambrettes-Caurieres  wood)  and  remained  there,  without  any  im- 
portant losses,  until  June  20. 

3.  After  resting  until  July  6  in  the  ^•icinity  of  Jmdgny,  Jametz,  Marville,  the  25th 
Reserve  Di\dsion  again  occupied  the  front  near  Verdun  (north  of  VacherauA-ille). 
North  of  Louvemont  it  withstood  the  French  attack  of  August  20,  which  caused  it  to 
suffer  very  heavy  losses  (47  officers  and  1,150  men  prisoners,  of  whom  1,012  belonged 
to  168th  Infantry  Regiment). 

VOSGES. 

4.  The  25th  Reserve  Division,  already  weakened  by  an  epidemic  of  dysentery,  was 
almost  completely  exhausted,  when  it  was  relieved  on  August  25  on  the  Verdun  front. 
Sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sarrebui^,  it  took  over  a  sector  of  the  Vosges  (Blamont), 
about  September  4. 

Champagne. 

5.  Relieved  on  September  25  and  entraining  on  the  27th  at  Rechicourt,  the  division 
was  transferred  to  Champagne,  where  it  occupied  the  sector  Nogent-l'Abbesse  (Nov.  11 
to  beginning  of  February,  1918). 

RECRUITING. 

The  25th  Reserve  Division  is  recruited  from  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse,  the  Electorate 
of  Hesse,  and  Hesse-Nassau.  At  times  replacements  were  furnished  from  the  Rhine 
districts,  including  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden  (especially  in  1916). 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  25th  Reserve  Division  put  up  a  splendid  defense  against  the  French  at  the 
time  of  the  attack  on  August  20,  1917. 

It  was  an  excellent  organization  at  the  outbreak  of  the  campaign,  but  it  seems 
(in  spite  of  recent  assertions  of  prisoners  that  it  is  still  unfit  to  attack  and  was  put  in 
the  fourth  class,  Arbeits  Di\asion)  that  the  25th  Reserve  Division,  although  it  is 
exhausted  by  too  long  stays  in  line,  is  capable  of  rendering  services  even  on  an 
active  front.  Therefore  it  must  be  considered  as  a  good  division  of  the  second  class 
until  more  detailed  information  is  received  (Mar.  30,  1918). 

1918. 

1.  The  25th  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  by  the  21st  Division  in  the  Nogent- 
l'Abbesse  sector  on  February  6,  and  went  to  the  Vouziers  area,  where  it  was  put  through 
a  course  of  training,  but  not  in  open  warfare. 

AlSNE. 

2.  On  the  20th  it  relieved  the  10th  Reserve  Division  near  Juvincourt  (northwest  of 
Rheims);  it  was  withdrawn  on  April  11. 

MONTDIDIER. 

3.  The  division  moved  north  by  easy  stages,  and  relieved  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserve 
Division,  west  of  Montdidier,  on  the  21st.  Here  it  lost  near  Cantigny  (north)  he»\-ily 
while  tPying  to  prevent  Cantigny  from  falling  to  the  Americans.  It  also  lost  even  more 
hea\dly  during  the  offensive  of  August  9,  and  wi^s  pushed  back  to  Dancourt  (southwest 
of  Roye).     It  was  withdrawn  about  the  18th. 


358    DmsiONS  of  German  army  which  participated  in  war. 

St.  Quentin. 

4.  On  September  1  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Voyermes  (west  of  St.  Quentin).  In 
the  fighting  that  followed  the  division  was  forced  back  to  the  Holnon  wood  (west  of 
St.  Quentin);  it  was  withdrawn  here  about  the  20th. 

5.  On  the  30th,  it  again  reenforced  the  front  in  the  Lehaucourt  sector  (north  of  St. 
Quentin).  It  was  withdrawn  on  October  11,  and  dissolved.  168th  Regiment  was 
transferred  to  the  21st  Reserve  Div-ision.  8.3d  Reserve  Regiment  was  disbanded  and 
drafted  to  the  22d  Division.  87th  Reserve  Regiment  was  disbanded  and  drafted  to 
the  48th  Reserv^e  Division. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

Until  1918  the  25th  Re.'^erve  had  Vjeen  considered  a  second-class  division.  It  is  to 
be  noted,  however,  that  although  it  was  trained  in  February,  the  training  it  received 
was  not  in  open  warfare — not  to  fit  it  to  become  an  attack  di\dsion.  Prisoners  cap- 
tured soon  after  stated  that  the  Germans  considered  it  as  little  better  than  "a  labor 
division."  It  was  not  used  in  any  of  the  offensives  ma<le  by  the  Germans,  and  was 
not  very  tenacious  on  the  defense  in  any  sector  that  was  at  all  active.  Moreover, 
two  of  the  di\isions  that  received  replacements  from  the  division  when  it  was  dis- 
banded were  second  class  and  the  other  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division.  It  was 
probably  a  third-class  division. 


DIVISIOXS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     359 


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360     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(7th  Corps  District — ^Westphalia.) 

1916. 

AlSNE. 

1.  The  25th  Landwehr  Division  was  organized  in  part  from  the  former  25th  Mixed 
Landwehr  Brigade,  independent  (13th  and  16th  Landwehr  Regiments),  which  entered 
Belgium  on  August  20,  1914,  and  went  immediately  after  the  battle  of  the  Mame  to 
the  Laon  area,  where  it  occupied  the  Craonne-La  Ville  aux  Bois  sector  from  the  end 
of  September,  1914,  until  almost  the  end  of  1916. 

2.  In  October,  1916,  the  25th  Landwehr  Brigade  was  transformed  into  the  25th 
Landwehr  Division  by  the  addition  of  a  third  regiment,  the  Schuster  Regiment, 
which  had  existed  for  only  a  short  time. 

3.  The  division  was  then  sent  to  the  west  and  sent  into  line  between  Vailly  and 
Chavonne  (October). 

1917. 
Chemin  des  Dames. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  February,  1917,  the  186th  Infantry  Regiment  was  added 
as  a  third  regiment  to  the  25th  Landwehr  Division.  The  division  was  still  occupying 
the  sector  east  of  Vailly  when  the  French  offensive  was  launched  on  April  16.  The 
division  suffered  heavy  losses,  retiring  to  the  Chemin  des  Dames  by  way  of  Ostel, 
Aizy,  Jouy  (Apr.  16-22). 

Upper  Alsace. 

2.  Relieved  north  of  the  Aisne  about  April  25,  the  25th  Landwehr  Division  was 
transferred  to  Upper  Alsace.  At  the  beginning  of  May  it  went  into  line  near  the 
Swiss  frontier  (Hirtzbach,  Largitzen,  Bisel).  It  did  not  leave  this  sector  since  that 
time. 

3.  In  May  the  186th  Infantry  Regiment  was  replaced  by  a  new  regiment,  the  328th 
Landwehr  Regiment,  formed  by  taking  one  battalion  of  each  of  the  three  regiments 
of  the  13th  Landwehr  Division. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  has  a  marked  sectional  quality ;  the  infantry  and  field  artillery  come 
entirely  from  Westphalia. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

This  is  purely  a  sector  division.  The  2oth  Landwehr  Division  has  been  in  line 
near  the  Swiss  frontier  for  more  than  a  year. 

Since  its  arrival  in  Upper  Alsace  (May,  1917)  the  division  has  possessed  an  assault 
detachment  supposed  to  carry  out  raids  (June,  1918). 

1918 
Alsace. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  Hirzbach-S\vi8S  frontier  sector  all  through  the  year 
until  the  signing  of  the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

The  25th  Landwehr  Division  is  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division,  as  being  fit  to  hold 
only  a  quiet  sector.  On  the  11th  of  November,  soon  after  the  hour  fixed  for  the  sus- 
pension of  hostilities,  a  number  of  men  came  over  to  the  French  lines  to  fraternize; 
they  were  taken  prisoners.  It  seems  that  there  had  been  a  great  deal  of  revolutionary 
agitation  in  the  division.  On  October  8  a  doctor  had  had  his  epaulettes  cut  to  pieces; 
on  the  9th  the  Soldiers'  Council  had  come  together  and  had  elected  representatives; 
on  the  10th  the  company  commander  (of  at  least  one  company)  had  read  the  program 
for  the  organization  of  the  Soldiers'  Council.  Prisoners  state  that  the  causes  of  this 
state  of  mind  were  the  recent  defeats  suffered  by  the  German  forces,  the  weariness 
caused  by  four  years  of  war,  and  the  Kiel  disturbances.  From  the  10th  of  November 
on  none  of  the  advanced  posts  had  been  occupied,  and  the  men  refused  to  do  any 
work,  the  war  having  come  to  an  end,  t)  t!ieir  mind. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      861 


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362     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(13th  Corps  District — Wiirttemberg.) 

1914. 
Lorraine-Argonne. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  26th  Division  formed  the  13th  Army  Corps,  -with 
the  27th  Di\'ision,  and  was  a  part  of  the  5th  Army  (German  Crown  Prince),  and  went 
into  action  on  August  22  at  Baranzy,  northwest  of  Longwy,  and  on  August  24  near 
Longuyon.  On  August  31  it  crossed  the  Meuse  in  the  \'icinity  of  Sassey,  proceeded 
between  the  Meuse  and  the  Argonne  by  way  of  Epinon\T.lle,  Cheppy,  Clermont,  and 
Thiaucourt,  fought  on  September  6,  7,  8,  and  9  near  Pretz  and  Beauzee,  and  retired 
toward  Evre,  Wally,  and  the  Argonne  (Apremont-Grurie  wood).  (On  Sept.  11  the 
8th  Company  of  the  119th  Grenadier  Regiment  had  ah-eady  had  3  officers  and  168  men 
as  casualties;  the  10th  Company  was  reduced  to  2  officers  and  59  men."* 

Flanders. 

2.  Separated  then  from  the  27th  Di\'ision,  which  remained  in  the  Argonne,  the  26th 
Di\'ision  was  transferred  west  of  Lille  on  October  8,  and  fought  at  Fromelles,  Aubert, 
and  Maisnil  from  October  20  to  28. 

3.  At  the  end  of  the  month  it  went  north  and  took  part  in  the  attacks  upon  IMessines 
on  October  31. 

Russia. 

4.  At  the  end  of  November  the  division  entrained  for  Russia  with  the  25th  Reserve 
Division,  these  two  divisions  forming  the  reorganized  13th  Army  Corps. 

Poland. 

5.  In  December  and  January,  1915,  it  was  a  part  of  the  Fabeck  Corps,  and  fought  in 
Poland  on  the  Bzura  and  the  Rawka  where  it  suffered  hea\'ily. 

1915. 

1.  In  March,  1915,  the  26th  Division  was  sent  to  the  front  north  of  Prasnysz.  It 
then  composed  the  13th  Army  Corps,  with  the  4th  Guard  Di\dsion  and  the  3d  Di\'ision. 
In  May  it  gave  the  122d  Fusilier  Regiment  to  the  105th  Division,  a  new  formation. 
In  June  and  July  it  took  part  in  the  offensive  upon  the  Narew. 

Serbia. 

2.  Assigned  to  the  army  of  Gen.  von  Koevess,  it  took  part  in  the  campaign  against 
Serbia  (October)  and  advanced  along  the  Morava  to  Kragujevatz. 

Belgium. 

3.  Sent  to  rest  at  Belgrade,  at  the  end  of  November,  before  its  departure  for  the 
Western  Front,  it  entrained  at  Semlin  on  November  26  and  was  transferred  to  Bel- 
gium. (Itinerary:  Budapest-Vienna-Munich-Ulm-Deux  Ponts-Saarbriicken ;  de- 
training at  Bertrix  on  Nov.  20.) 

4.  In  December  it  was  concentrated  in  the  Adcinity  of  Courtrai,  where  the  27th 
Di\'ision  was  and  again  formed  the  13th  Army  Corps  with  this  division  as  it  had  done 
originally. 

1916. 

J.  in  January,  1916,  the  26th  Division  went  into  line  southeast  oi  Ypres  (between 
Hooge  and  the  south  of  Sanctuary  wood).  It  held  this  sector  until  the  month  of  July 
and  suffered  heavy  losses  July  2  (Zilleheke). 

SOMME. 

2.  At  the  end  of  July  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Somme  and  opposed  the  British 
troops  on  the  Longueval  front.  It  lost  very  heavily  while  resting  at  Guilleraont. 
(Aug.  18-19). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     363 

Flanders. 

3.  Relie^'ed  on  August  25,  it  took  over  the  sector  of  ^\'ytschaete  (September  to 
November  11). 

SOMME. 

4.  About  November  11  the  di\ision  left  Flanders  and  returned  to  the  Somme.  It 
occupied  the  Transloy  sector  from  December  7  to  the  beginning  of  March,  1917. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1.  The  division  was  in  reserve  during  the  month  of  March  liehind  the  Artois  front; 
went  into  action  south  of  the  Scarpe  at  the  time  of  the  British  offensive.  On  April  2o 
it  launched  a  counterattack  at  Monchy  le  Preux. 

2.  Relieved  in  a  fortnight  and  sent  to  rest,  it  went  back  to  the  same  sector  (south  of 
the  Scarpe);  remained  there  from  May  31  to  the  end  of  Jtdy  without  any  important 
losses  and  went  to  rest  near  Cambrai  during  the  first  half  of  August. 

Flanders. 

3.  From  August  16  to  September  4  it  occupied  the  sector  north  of  Langemerck,  where 
the  artillery  caused  it  heavy  losses. 

Lorraine.  • 

4.  Sent  to  rest  in  Lorraine,  it  was  trained  and  was  outfitted  for  mountain  warfare 
and  then  sent  to  the  Italian  front  at  the  end  of  September. 

Italy. 

5.  It  formed  a  part  of  the  Berrer  Corps  (14th  German  Army)  on  October  20,  fought 
northwest  of  Tolmino  on  October  24,  entered  Udine  on  the  28th,  and  reached  the 
Tagliamento  on  the  29th. 

RECRUITING. 

The  26th  Division  is  recruited  entirely  in  Wurttembei-g. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  26th  Division  conducted  itself  well  in  the  numerous  battles  in  which  it  took 
part.  It  is  to  be  especially  noted^that  at  Poelcappelle,  in  August,  1917,  some  units 
mutinied  and  left  the  first  line  vacant,  when  the  relief  did  not  arrive  quickly  enough. 
This  weakening  of  the  morale  of  the  26th  Di\'ision  was  probably  only  temporary  and 
will  disappear,  no  doubt,  after  a  period  of  rest.  ('British  Summary  of  Information, 
October,  1917.) 

1918. 
France. 

1.  The  26th  Division,  after  having  done  very  well  in  Italy,  was  transported  to  the 
Western  Front,  detraining  in  the  Freiburg  region  (southeast  of  Dieuze),  and  remaining 
here  until  March  10. 

Cambrai. 

2.  The  division  entrained  at  Strassburg  on  the  11th  and  12th,  and  detrained  near 
Peruwelz  on  the  13th  and  14th,  remaining  in  the  neighborhood  of  \'aleuciennes  until 
the  17th;  from  here  it  proceeded  by  night  marches  \da  Denain  an<l  Aniche  to  the 
Estr6es-Ecourt-St.  Quentin  region  (south  of  Douai),  Avhere  it  arrived  on  the  20th. 
On  the  26th  it  went  into  close  reserve  near  Fontaine  les  CroLsilles,  and  the  next  day 
it  entered  line  near  Ilamelincourt  (south  of  Arras).  It  attacked  the  next  day,  but 
made  no  headway.  It  was  relieved  by  the  111th  Division  on  the  3l8t,  and  rested  near 
Croisilles  until  April  3. 

3.  Then  it  marched  via  Bapaume  and  ^liraumont  and  entered  line  south  of  II6bu- 
terne  (south  of  Arras),  taking  part  in  the  unsuccessful  attack  of  the  5th.  It  was 
relieved  about  the  12th  of  May  by  the  16th  Reserve  Di\-ision,  and  went  to  the  Denain 
region  to  rest  and  refit.     On  June.  15  it  was  in  army  reserve  in  the  Roye-Carr^puis  area. 


364     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Rheims. 

4.  About  July  3  it  went  to  the  vicinity  of  Neufldze  (northeast  of  Rheims);  the  15th 
it  entered  line  north  of  Prosnes  (southeast  of  Rheims),  and  was  withdrawn  on  the  17th. 

5.  By  traveling  in  trucks,  the  di\'ision  reached  Bazoches  on  the  21st;  it  remained 
in  reserve  the  23d  and  24th,  and  relieved  the  45th  Reserve  Division  east  of  Saponay 
(northwest  of  F^re-en-Tardenois  during  the  night  of  July  25-26.  The  Allied  push 
forced  the  front  back  here,  and  the  di\4sion  was  identified  north  of  Saponay  on  August 
2,  northeast  of  Fismes  on  the  18th,  east  of  Braine  on  the  20th.  It  was  relieved  about 
the  10th  of  September  and  went  to  rest  north  of  Pont  Arcy  (northwest  of  Fismes). 

6.  On  the  3d  of  October  it  came  back  into  line  north  of  Soupir  (east  of  Vailly),  and 
was  still  in  line  on  November  11. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  26th  is  rated  as  a  first-class  division.  While  it  was  in  Alsace  (January,  February, 
and  the  first  part  of  March)  it  was  thoroughly  trained  in  open  warfare,  and  so  it  was 
used  as  a  shock  di\ision,  but  it  did  not  succeed  in  making  much  headway  in  its  first 
two  engagements.  It  did  fight  tenaciously,  however,  then  and  in  subsequent  fighting, 
and  was  mentioned  in  the  German  communiques  of  October  27  and  November  2  as 
ha^'ing  particularly  distinguished  itself.  It  suffered  heavy  losses,  so  that  despite  the 
large  numbers  of  reenforcements  sent  it  from  time  to  time,  its  battalions  were  reduced 
to  three  companies. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     365 


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366     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(13th  Corps  District — Wiirttemberg.) 
1914. 

VOSGES. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  26th  Reserve  Division,  forming  the  14th  Reserve 
Corps  with  the  28th  Reserve  Division,  was  a  part  of  the  7th  German  Army.  'WTiile 
the  99th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  formed  in  Alsace  and  at  once  went  to  the  valley 
of  the  Bruche,  the  ISOth  Infantry  Regiment  went  to  Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines  on  August 
8.  The  three  reserve  regiments  (119th,  120th,  121st)  detrained  between  Freiburg 
and  Neubreisach"  on  August  8-11  and  fought  at  the  Donon  and  in  the  valley  of  the 
Bruche  from  August  17  to  24.  Going  then  to  the  western  slope  of  the  Vosges,  the 
di^dsion  reached  St.  Die  on  August  28,  then  advanced  as  far  as  Rougiville,  from 
which  place  it  was  sent  to  Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines. 

SOMME. 

2.  On  September  11  the  26th  Reserve  Division  was  sent  to  the  Somme  and  assigned 
to  the  2d  Army.  It  went  into  action  on  both  banks  of  the  Ancre,  near  Thiepval, 
near  Mirmaumont  and  Beaumont  Hamel,  beginning  on  the  27th. 

3.  It  occupied  this  sector  of  the  front  (south  of  Hebuterne,  north  of  0\illers)  until 
July,  1916.     During  this  period  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  important  action. 

1915. 

Artois. 

1.  In  March,  1915,  the  120th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  given  to  the  58th 
Division,  a  new  formation. 

2.  In  May,  1915,  elements  of  the  26th  Reserve  Division  were  sent  to  Artois  on 
detached  service  and  fought  at  Neuville-St.  Vaast.  In  June  some  units  of  the 
99th  Reserve  Regiment  (3d  and  4th  Battalions)  and  the  180th  Infantry  Regiment 
took  part  in  the  battles  around  Arras  (Le  Labyrinthe). 

SoMME. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  July  these  elements  rejoined  the  di\'ision,  which  continued 
to  hold  the  Somme  sector  before  Bapaume. 

1916. 
Somme. 

1.  On  July  1,  1916,  the  26th  Reserve  Division  withstood  the  Franco-British  offen- 
sive north  and  south  of  the  Ancre  (Beaumont  Hamel,  Ovillers,  Thiepval).  (The 
total  of  the  losses  on  the  Somme  amounted  to  10,042  men.)  The  99th  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  lost  48  officers  and  2,070  men.     (Official  T>ist  of  Casualties.) 

Artois. 

2.  Relieved  along  the  Somme  about  October  6,  the  division  was  sent  south  of 
Arras  (Monchy  aux  Bois)  on  October  10.  Some  elements  of  the  division  were  still 
engaged  on  both  banks  of  the  Ancre  in  November. 

1917. 

HiNDENBURG   LiNE. 

1.  After  having  occupied  the  calm  sector  of  iVrtois  for  the  winter  of  1916-17,  the 
26th  Reserve  Division  took  part  in  the  withdrawal  of  the  German  troops  about  March 
20.  It  left  the  front  of  Monchy  aux  Bois  and  retired  southeast  of  Croisilles 
(Lagnicomt-Ecoust-St.  Main).  It  fought  along  this  line  until  Ajjril  7-13  and  suf- 
fered some  losses  (Noreuil,  Apr.  2). 

2.  After  a  rest  of  a  month  in  the  vicinity  of  Valenciennes,  in  the  course  of  which 
it  sent  some  elements  south  of  St.  Quentin  (Itancourt,  May  4-11),  the  26th  Reserve 
Division  went  back  into  line  between  Arras  and  St.  Quentin  (Bullecoiut-Queant) 
about  May  17. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      367 

Flanders. 

3.  On  August  10  the  diAdsion  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  and  entrained  at 
Aubigny  au  Bac  (south  of  Douai)  for  Belgium.  It  went  into  action  north  of  Lange- 
marck  (Aug.  19-Sept.  16).  It  was  then  sent  to  rest  (vicinity  of  Bohain,  northeast 
of  St.  Quentin)  imtil  October  14. 

4.  About  October  17  the  2Gth  Reserve  Division  went  back  into  line  north  of 
Ypres  (The  Ypres-Staden  railroad — Ilouthulst  wood)  until  October  23. 

5.  Sent  to  rest  south  of  Cortemarck,  it  was  transferred  at  the  end  of  October  to 
Eerneghem,  where  it  was  first  in  reserve. 

6.  In  the  middle  of  November  the  26th  Reser\'e  Di\'ision  took  over  the  calm  sector 
of  !Merckem,  which  it  occupied  until  Februarj',  1918,  after  a  short  rest  in  the  middle 
of  December. 

RECRUITING. 

Since  the  departure  of  the  99th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  the  26th  Reserve 
Division  is  made  up  entirely  of  Wurttembergers. 

VAUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  26th  Reserve  Division  is  a  very  good  division,  of  a  combative  value  equal  to 
that  of  the  majority  of  the  active  divisions.  In  the  battle  of  the  Somme,  in  1916, 
it  opposed  a  stubborn  resistance  to  the  British  adA'ance  and  launched  vigorous 
counterattacks. 

The  diA-ision  has  not  been  seriously  engaged  since  1916;  it  was  thoroughly  rested 
on  the  Flanders  front.  Not  ha\-ing  been  exposed  to  A-iolent  battles  and  not  haA-ing 
any  great  losses,  its  morale  has  not  been  shaken.  (British  Sumniar}'  of  Information, 
February,  1918.) 

1918. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  26th  Reserve  Diiision  was  withdrawn  from  the  Merckem  sector  on  the 
20th  of  February,  and  went  to  the  area  west  of  Antwerp.  Here,  it  was  ver\'  probably 
trained  in  open  warfare,  but  the  fact  has  not  been  definitely  established. 

Arras. 

2.  It  left  about  March  11  and  entered  line  near  Ilenin  (southeast  of  Arras)  on  the 
24th.  Its  mission  was  to  protect  the  troops  engaged  in  the  main  attack  farther  to 
the  south  against  a  flanking  movement  by  the  British  troops  massed  around  Arras. 
In  so  doing,  it  became  heavily  engaged,  and  is  reported  to  have  lost  60  per  cent  of  its 
strength.  It  was  relieved  on  May  14,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Arleux  area  (south  of 
Douai). 

3.  On  June  9  it  relieved  the  41st  Division  east  of  Ilebuterne.  A  week  or  so  later 
it  extended  its  sector  toward  the  south  so  as  to  relieve  the  16th  Reserve  Di\-ision. 
It  was  relieved  about  July  23  by  the  183d  DiA'ioion,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Bapaume 
area,  after  having  suffered  severe  losses. 

Somme. 

4.  On  August  10  the  division  reenforced  the  front  astride  the  Braye-Corbie  road 
(north  of  the  Somme).  It  did  not  become  heavily  engaged  this  time;  withdrawn 
about  the  i8th,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Douai  area.  Battalions  were  reduced  to  three 
companies. 

Arras. 

5.  It  reenforced  the  front  near  Vis  en  Artois  (on  Arras-Cambrai  road)  on  August  27. 
After  suffering  heavy  losses  it  was  withdrawn  on  the  31st  to  region  north  of  Canihrai. 

Cambrai. 

6.  It  came  back  into  line  on  the  29th  of  September,  after  having  rested  and  thor- 
oughly refitted,  reenforcing  the  front  near  Tilloy  (northwest  of  Cambrai).     It  was 


368     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

heavily  engaged,  and  fought  very  well.  A  few  days  later  Gen.  von  Beulow  (com- 
manding the  17th  Army)  sent  a  telegram  to  the  King  of  Saxony  saying  that  the 
division  had  fought  in  an  exemplarj'  manner  at  Cam brai, where  it  had  several  times 
reestablished  the  situation  by  its  counterattacks  on  the  29th,  inflicting  enormous 
losses  on  the  enemy,  and  thus  preventing  the  tovm  from  falling  into  their  hands.  It 
was  withdrawn  about  the  9th  of  October. 
Valenciennes. 

7.  On  the  13th  it  relieved  the  22d  Di\'ision  near  Ilerin  (west  of  Valenciennes). 
It  had  not  been  withdra^vn  on  the  11th  of  November. 

VALUE — 191S    ESTIMATE. 

The  26th  Reserve  is  rated  as  a  first-class  di^■ision.  It  did  not  distinguish  itself  in 
the  fighting  during  1918  (except  on  the  Cambrai  front,  as  already  noted),  still  it 
could  be  depended  upon  and  on  the  whole  fought  well.  In  this  connection  it  is  to 
be  noted  that  the  26th  Di\'ision  had  been  held  in  reserve  to  relieve  the  26th  Reserve 
in  the  March  offensive,  but  the  relief  was  considered  unnecessarj\ 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      369 


26th.   Landwelir  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

51  Ldw. 

119  Ldw. 

123  Ldw. 

124  Ldw. 

51  Ldw. 

119  Ldw. 

123  Ldw. 

124  Ldw. 

3  Sqn.  20  Uhlan  Rgt. 

3  Sqn.  20  Uhlan  Rgt. 

Artillery 

Art.  Command:  - 
116  F.  A.  Rgt. 

116  F.  A.  Rgt. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(426)  Pion.  Btn.: 

4  Ldw.  Co.  13  Pions. 
0  Ldw.  Co.  13  Pions. 
326  T.  M.  Co. 
526  Tel.  Detch. 

(426)  Pion.  Btn.: 

4  Ldw.  Co.  13  C.  nist.  Pions. 

3  ScarchliKht  Section. 
r>2f>  SiKTial  Command: 

r>'2t>  Tel.  Detch. 

IHO  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

569  Ambulance  Co. 
Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

569  Ambulance  Co. 
251  Field  Hospital. 
2.56  Field  Hospital. 

Transports 

M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(13th  Corps  iJistrict — Wurttemberg.) 
1917. 

1.  The  26th  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  on  the  Alsatian  front  at  the  beginning 
of  the  year  1017.     T\v(j  (»f  its  regiments,  the  119th  and  12:}d  Landwehr,  forming  the 
51st  Landwelir  IJrigade,  had  belonged  to  the  7th  Landwehr  Division  until  that  time. 
Its  3d  Regiment,  the  124th  Landwehr,  came  from  the  2d  Landwehr  Division. 
Upper  Alsace. 

2.  Since  its  formation  the  26th  Landwehr  Division  lias  cnntinually  occupied  the 
Upper  Alsace  front  (north  of  Cernay,  Ilartmannswillerskopf). 

RECRUITINfl. 

The  divi.sion  is  entirely  recruited  from  Wurttemberg. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  26th  Landwehr  Division  is  purely  a  sector  division.     Each  regiment  has  an 
assault  troop  composed  of  young  men. 

1918. 
Alsace. 

1.  The  26th  Landwehr  Division  remained  in  tiie  sector  north  of  Cernay  (southwest 
of  Colmar,  throughout  1918). 

V.\LUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

In  view  of  the  division  having  been  kept  so  long  in  what  was  probably  the  most 
quiet  8ect<^)r  on  the  whole  front  (only  1  pri.s^mer  was  taken  after  Dec.  15,  1917),  when, 
the  need  for  troops  was  so  great  that  fourth-class  divisions  were  frecjuently  used  on 
very  active  fronts,  it  would  seem  that  tlie  26th  Landwehr  was  one  of  the  poorest  divi- 
sions in  the  flerman  Army. 
125651°— 20 24 


370     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     371 

HISTORY. 

(13th  Corps  District — Wurttemberg.) 

1914. 

The  27th  Division  belongs  to  the  ]:Uh  .\rniy  Corps  (Royal  Wurttemberg),  with  the 
26th  Division. 
Lorraine. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  it  formed  a  part  of  the  5th  Army  (Cierman  Crown 
Prince).  It  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Longwy,  August  22,  1914  (between  Longwy 
and  Virion);  on  the  23d,  north  of  Longuyon.  On  August  30,  at  Dun  and  Saasey,  it 
crossed  the  Meuae  and  went  south  with  the  5th  Army  between  the  Meuse  and  the 
Argonne.  It  fought  at  Pretz  and  Vaubc'-court  on  September  6  and  7.  Following  the 
retirement  to  the  north,  it  took  up  its  i)().sitions  in  the  Argonne. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  13th  Army  Corps  Avaa  broken  up  and  the  two 
divisions  were  separated  for  nn)re  than  a  year. 

Argonne. 

3.  The  27th  Di\'ision  remained  in  the  Argoiiuc  until  the  end  of  1915. 

1915. 
Argonne. 

1.  In  the  Argonne  (Binarville-Grurie  wood)  the  27th  Division  was  engaged  in 
mine  warfare.  In  August,  1915,  it  took  part  in  the  local  offensive  of  the  Army  of 
the  Crown  Prince. 

2.  In  September,  at  the  time  of  the  French  offensive,  elements  of  the  53d  Brigade 
were  sent  to  Champagne  (northwest  of  Massiges),  where  they  remained  in  reserve. 

3.  In  December  the  27th  Division  entrained  at  Cirandpr6  for  the  Courtrai  area, 
where  the  13th  Army  Corps  was  re-formed  as  in  the  beginning,  the  2(ith  Division 
having  returned  from  Serbia. 

1916. 
Ypres. 

1.  From  January  to  July,  1916,  the  13th  Army  Corps  was  in  line  southeast  of  the 
Ypres  salient.  The  27th  Division  was  on  the  left  of  the  26th,  between  Sanctuary 
wood  and  the  Y'pres-Comines  Canal.  On  February  24  units  of  the  27th  Division 
gained  possession  of  the  British  trenches  of  Bluff  (north  of  the  canal),  but  lost  them 
on  March  2.     In  this  action  the  123d  Orenadier  Regiment  lost  very  heavily. 

On  June  2  the  two  divisions  of  the  corps  made  a  violent  attack  upon  the  Canadians 
in  the  Cillebeke  sector.  They  gained  po.s.seHsion  of  Observation  Itidge,  but  were 
forced  to  abandon  it  by  a  counterattack.     In  these  battles  the  regiments  lost  heavily, 

SOMME. 

2.  At  the  end  of  July  the  13th  Army  Corps  was  withdrawn  from  the  Ypres  salient 
and  transferred  to  the  Somme  front.  On  August  1  the  27th  Division  went  into  line 
in  the  Guillemont  sector.  It  put  up  a  successful  resistance  to  the  attacks  upon  the 
village,  but  had  serious  losses. 

3.  It  was  relieved  on  August  25  and  put  in  the  Wytchaete  sector,  where  it  remained 
for  about  two  and  one-half  months  (until  Nov.  11). 

4.  In  the  middle  of  November  the  27th  Division  returned  to  the  Somme  a  second 

time,  north  of  Sailly  Saillisel. 

1917. 

1.  The  27th  Division  was  retained  on  the  Somme  until  tlio  beginning  of  1917.  On 
this  date  it  was  sent  east  of  Cambrai.  During  the  month  of  -Xfarch  it  was  in  lino  in 
the  Rolsel  area. 

Artois. 

2.  After  a  short  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Valenciennc^s  it  went  into  action  in  the 
BuUecourt  sector  (southeast  of  Arras),  where  it  had  very  heavy  losses  (Apr.  7  to  >ray 


372     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

11).  The  dissolution  of  the  627th  Infantry  Regiment,  formed  in  Wurttemberg, 
served  to  make  up  a  part  of  its  losses,  and  600  men  from  this  regiment  came  to  the 
27th  Division. 

3.  Withdrawn  about  May  11  from  the  Arraa  front,  the  27th  Division  occupied  a 
sector  in  the  vicinity  of  Le  Catelet  (between  Gonnelieu  and  Honnecourt)  at  the 
beginning  of  June. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  August  it  was  relieved;  entrained  on  August  12  at  Caudry, 
and  was  transferred  to  Flanders  by  way  of  J.ille-Tourcoing-:Menin-Ledeghem- 
Roulers. 

5.  On  August  26  it  went  into  action  northeast  of  Ypres  (southeast  of  St.  Julien). 
In  this  sector  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  important  attack  but  suffered  heavily  from 
artillery  fire. 

The  division  was  sent  to  the  rear  on  September  12-13  and  rested  for  a  month  north- 
east of  Ghent. 

On  October  11  it  went  back  into  line  northeast  of  Ypres  (near  the  Ypres-Thourout 
railroad)  and  remained  there  until  November  11.  It  was  sent  almost  immediately 
to  Alsace,  where  it  arrived  between  November  16  and  18. 

RECRUITING. 

The  27th  Division  is  recruited  entirely  from  Wurttemberg. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  27th  Division  has  fought  well  ever  since  the  beginning  of  the  war.  It  seems 
that  the  heavy  losses  which  it  has  suffered  have  weakened  its  morale  to  a  slight  ex- 
tent.    Nevertheless,  it  may  be  considered  as  a  very  good  division  (Dec.  9,  1917). 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1.  The  27th  Division  remained  in  the  region  of  Schlettstadt  (north  of  Colmar)  until 
February  2.  While  here  it  received  some  ir;iO-class  recruits.  It  then  went  to  Cam. 
brai,  where  it  arrived  on  the  4th.  On  the  6th  it  relieved  the  24tli  Reserv^e  Div-ision 
west  of  Graincourt  (southwest  of  Cambrai).  It  was  relieved  by  the  53d  Reserve 
Di\'ision  early  in  March  and  went  to  the  neighborliood  of  Avesnes  le  Sec  (southwest 
of  Valenciennes),  where  it  was  trained  in  open  warfare. 

2.  Subsequently  it  was  transferred  to  the  Cambrai  region.  Between  the  evening 
of  March  20  and  5  a.  m.  on  the  21st,  it  marched  nearly  20  miles,  when  it  came  into 
line  near  Villers-Guislain  (south  of  Cambrai).  It  was  immediately  heavily  engaged 
and  suffered  severe  losses.  The  6th  Company  of  the  124th  Regiment  had  lost  84 
men  l)y  the  time  it  liad  reached  Fins.  A  draft  of  30  men  was  received  at  Guinchy. 
Withdrawn  the  23d. 

3.  On  April  4  it  relieved  the  54th  Reserve  Division  near  Aveluy  (north  of  Albert). 
Fighting  on  the  5th,  the  6th  Company  of  the  124th  Regiment  lost  50  per  cent  of  its 
effectives.  All  three  regiments  suffered  heavy  losses.  One  battalion  of  the  120th 
Regiment  was  practically  annihilated.  It  was  relieved  by  the  3d  Naval  Division 
on  the  24th  and  went  to  rest  south  of  Tournai. 

4.  The  division  left  on  July  24  and  marched  via  Landas-Marchiennes-Neuville  sur 
I'Escaut  (south  of  Denain,  rest)-St.  Vaast  (east  of  Cambrai.  rest)-Fins-Nurlu  (rast)- 
Peronne,  into  line  in  the  >rorlancourt  sector  (south  of  Albert),  where  it  relieved  the 
107th  Division  about  the  3d  of  August.  In  the  heavy  fighting  that  ensued  it  was 
forced  back  through  Bray  and  Suzanne.  It  was  withdrawn  the  28th  after  leaving 
more  than  1,400  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  British.  It  went  to  rest  in  the  vicinity 
of  Briastre  (south  of  Solesmes),  and  while  liere  received  as  a  draft  the  dissolved  248th 
Reserve  Regiment  (54th  Division  disbanded). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      373 

Meuse. 

5.  The  division  now  became  army  and  corps  reserve.  On  September  6  it  entrained 
and  traveled  to  Spincourt,  arriving  on  tlie  10th.  It  then  marched  to  Camp  Priester 
(near  Loison),  where  it  remained  14  days  as  army  reserve.  About  the  26th  it  entered 
line  near  Flabas  (north  of  Verdun).  Five  days  later  it  wa.s  withdrawn  and  went 
back  to  the  camp  and  remained  eight  days. 

6.  Then  it  went  to  the  Jaeger  Lager  near  Billy  (south  of  Longuyon) .  Al)out  the  11th 
of  October  it  entered  line  near  Douaumont  (north  of  Verdun).  On  the  20th  it  was 
relieved  and  marched  to  the  Jaeger  Lager,  and  then  ]>y  truck  via  Stonay  to  a  farm 
about  10  kilometers  away. 

7.  On  November  1  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Tailly  (southwest  of  Stenay);  it  was 
still  in  line  on  the  11th. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  27th  has  always  been  considered  one  of  the  very  best  German  divisions,  and 
Its  conduct  in  the  fighting  during  1918  confirms  its  rating  as  a  first-class  shock  unit. 
It  suffered  severely,  especially  in  the  spring,  but  not  a  great  deal  later  on.  Its  moves 
toward  the  end  of  the  war  seem  to  indicate  that  it  was  to  form  part  of  the  reserve 
with  which  the  Germans  hoped  to  regain  the  initiative. 


374      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     375 

HISTORY. 
(14th  Corps  District — Northern  part  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden.) 

1914. 
Alsace-Lorraine. 

1.  The  28th  Division  formed  a  part  of  the  14th  Army  Corps  with  the  29th  Di\dsion, 
also  from  Baden.  At  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  went  to  Upper  Alsace  to  reen- 
force  the  29th  Division;  fought  at  Mulhousen  on  August  9,  and  on  the  13th  west 
of  Altkirch.  Returning  to  Mulhousen  on  the  14th,  it  entrained  at  Muelheim  on 
the  16th  for  Petite  Pierre.  The  14th  Army  Corps  was  placed  on  the  left  flank  of 
the  6th  Army  and  took  part  with  it  in  the  battle  of  the  20th.  The  28th  Di\-ision 
then  crossed  the  frontier  and  advanced  to  Mortagne  at  the  beginning  of  September, 
On  September  11  it  recrossed  the  frontier  and  went  to  the  west  of  Pont  a  Mousson, 
where  it  went  into  action  between  September  20  and  29. 

Artois. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  La  Haye  at  the  end  of  the  month,  it  entrained  on  October  4 
at  Metz,  detrained  at  Mons,  and  from  there  marched  to  the  front — La  Bass^e,  Ablain, 
St.  Nazaire. 

1915. 
Artois. 

1.  From  October,  1914,  to  May,  1915,  its  regiments  were  exhausted  one  after  the 
other  on  the  plateau  of  Notre  Dame  de  Lorette.  (On  November  30,  1914,  the  110th 
Grenadier  Regiment  acknowledged  casualties  of  58  officers  and  3,814  men  since 
the  beginning  of  the  campaign.)  The  28th  Division  again  suffered  very  heavily 
during  the  winter  (especially  the  110th  Grenadiers  and  the  40th  Fusileers);  finally 
it  lost  very  heavily  from  April  9  to  May  3  (Carency-Ouvrages-Blancs).  In  the 
course  of  these  battles  the  111th  Infantry  Regiment  was  almost  completely  destroyed. 
On  May  10  its  first  battalion  had  only  3  officers  and  272  men.  (Notebook  of  the 
captain  commanding  the  battalion.)  The  Casualty  Lists  report  32  officers  and  1,737 
men  as  casualties. 

2.  The  division  was  relieved  on  May  15,  sent  to  rest  in  the  area  Lens,  Pont  k  Vendin, 
H^uin-Lietard,  and  reorganized. 

3.  About  May  25  it  was  put  back  into  line  (Ablain-Lorette)  and  again  suffered 
very  heavy  losses. 

CHAMPAGNE. 

4.  Withdrawn  from  Artois  about  June  13,  it  was  transferred  to  the  northeast  of 
Reims.  Beginning  with  June  18,  it  occupied  the  front  between  B^theny  and  the 
Sillery-Beine  road.     In  this  sector  it  had  only  a  few  local  actions  and  very  few 


5.  During  the  offensive  of  September,  1915,  the  division  detached  two  battalions 
(one  from  the  109th  Grenadiers  and  one  from  the  110th  Grenadiers)  to  act  as  rein- 
forcements in  the  Somme  Py  area. 

6.  On  October  19  and  20  a  gas  attack  was  rather  poorly  carried  out  by  the  Badensian 
Infantry  (La  Pompelle-Prosnes  front). 

7.  The  28th  Division  was  relieved  about  November  10.  At  the  beginning  of 
December  it  went  into  the  sector  of  Tahure-Butte  du  Mesnil  which  it  occupied  for 
the  entire  winter  without  any  notable  action. 

1916. 

1.  About  the  end  of  April,  1916,  the  28th  Division  left  the  sector  of  the  Butte  du 
Mesnil.  It  was  sent  to  rest  for  a  week  in  the  Vouziers  area,  and  about  May  5  went 
back  into  line  (sector  of  Maisoiis  de  ('hampagn€--La  Justice).  During  this  time  the 
units  received  intensive  training. 


376     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

SOMME. 

2.  During  the  first  half  of  July  the  regiments  of  the  division  (miniis  the  109th 
Infantr>'  Regiment,  which  had  remained  in  Champagne")  were  successively  relieved 
and  transferred  by  way  of  Charleville,  Hirson,  and  St.  Quentin  to  the  Biaches  area 
(Somme).  Between  July  16  and  20  they  established  their  positions  between  the 
Somme  and  the  Barleux. 

3.  The  28th  Division  was  retained  in  this  sector  until  the  beginning  of  October. 
It  suffered  heavy  losses  there,  -which  were  partially  covered  by  reenforcements  sent 
from  the  depots  of  the  14th  Army  Corps  (1915  and  1916  classes). 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  division  was  sent  to  Champagne,  into  the  sector 
east  of  Tahure.     It  left  this  about  the  20th  and  reoccupied  it  from  December  until 

the  end  of  January',  1917. 

1917. 
Meuse. 

1.  At  this  time  the  28th  Division  was  transferred  to  the  Verdun  area.  It  waa  sent 
into  line  in  the  Cauriferes  wood  sector  and  remained  until  the  beginning  of  Septem- 
ber.    It  took  part  in  the  attacks  on  this  front  in  the  middle  of  Augiist. 

Alsace. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  Verdun  area  about  the  middle  of  September  the  division 
was  sent  to  Alsace,  northwest  of  Altkirch  and  was  in  the  front  line  on  October  20. 
It  soon  left  this  for  the  Montmedy  area,  then  for  Laon,  and  finally  for  the  Cambrai 
front  where  it  fought  at  Gonnelieu  on  November  30.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of 
December,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  Ardennes  and,  at  the  beginning  of  Februarj', 
1918,  occupied  a  sector  at  Mount  Cornillet. 

RECRUITING. 

The  28th  Division  is  recruited  almost  exclusively  from  Baden.  A  slight  admixture 
from  the  4th  Corps  District.  The  40th  Fusileers,  although  a  Prussian  regiment, 
was  recruited  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden. 

VALUE— 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  28th  Division  has  always  given  a  good  account  of  itself  and  must  be  considered 
a  good  division  (July,  1917). 

At  the  beginning  of  March,  1917,  it  carried  out  an  attack  against  the  Cauri^res 
wood  with  a  great  deal  of  \dgor.  A  division  order  (dated  !Mar.  3,  1917)  found  on  a 
corpse  praises  the  heroism  of  the  valiant  troops  of  the  28th  Division  and  calls  its 
regiments  "The  conquerors  of  Lorette." 

1918. 

AlSNE. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Butte  du  Mesnil  sector  continuously  until  May  13,  when 
it  rested  for  10  days  in  the  vicinity  of  Vouziers.  On  May  23  the  division  entrained  at 
Montcomet  and  was  moved  to  the  region  of  Laon.  It  came  into  line  on  May  31, 
reenforcing  the  Aisne  battle  front  between  Chateau  de  Maucreux  and  Troesnes.  It 
was  relieved  on  June  8  by  the  10th  Reserve  Division. 

Second  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

2.  Its  stay  out  of  line  was  short,  for  on  June  13  it  again  relieved  the  50th  Division 
near  Varneuil;  about  this  time  the  divisional  commander,  Lieut.  Gen.  Hahn,  was 
decorated.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Marne  front  about  July  1.  It 
returned  to  reenforce  the  battle  line  near  Chaumuzy,  southwest  of  Rheims  on  July  24. 
It  fell  back  to  the  Vesle,  where  it  held  the  line  until  August  26. 

Woevre. 

3.  The  division  then  went  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Baroucourt  for  three  weeks. 
It  left  that  place  on  September  14  au<l  marched  via  Amermont-Offleville-Gondre- 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     377 

court  Rouvers-Etaiii  to  a  position  in  line  near  Grimacourt  and  Ilermeville,  relieving 
the  8th  Landwehr  Division  which  side  slipped  to  the  south.  It  held  this  sector 
until  October  19,  when  it  wa^  withdrawn  and  moved  from  Conflans,  via  Arlon,  to 
Flanders  on  October  22. 

MONS. 

4.  On  November  1,  the  division  came  into  line  at  Maresches  in  which  area  it  fought 
until  the  armistice.  The  last  identifications  were  at  Sebourg  (Nov.  4),  west  of  Roisin 
(6th),  and  Dour  (9th). 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  not  greatly  used  in  1918,  spending 
most  of  the  time  on  quiet  fronts.  After  the  Vesle  fighting  in  August,  the  battalions 
of  the  division  were  reduced  to  three  companies. 


378     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     379 

HISTORY. 

(14th  Corps  District — Baden.) 
1914. 

VOSGES. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  28th  Reserve  Division  formed  in  the  Grand 
Duchy  of  Baden,  and  constituting  the  14th  Reserve  Corps,  wath  the  2Gth  Reserve 
Division,  belonged  to  the  7th  Army  (Von  Heeringen).  The  division  detraining  near 
Emmendingen  (Baden),  entered  Alsace  by  way  of  Markolsheim  on  August  10.  It 
was  engaged  in  the  valley  of  the  Bruche  beginning  on  the  15th,  fought  at  Donon  on  the 
20th,  and  went  down  toward  the  Meurthe,  where  it  fought  until  September  5  (Xompa- 
telize  and  la  Bourgonce),  suffering  heavy  losses  (two-thirds  of  the  effectives  of  the 
111th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment). 

SOMME. 

2.  After  September  5  the  28th  Reserve  Division  retired  toward  Blamont  on  Sep- 
tember 15.  On  September  22  and  23  it  entrained  at  Teterchen  (Lorraine)  for  Cam- 
bria, where  it  detrained  on  September  26  and  27.  It  was  assigned  to  the  2d  Army 
with  the  other  di\'ision  of  the  14th  Reserve  Corps. 

1915. 

1.  The  division  occupied  the  sector  crossed  by  the  Albert-Baupaume  road  (Ovillers 
to  Fricourt)  until  July,  1916. 

In  April,  1915,  the  28th  Reserve  Division  lost  the  40th  Reserv^e  Infantry  Regiment, 
which  went  to  the  115th  Division,  and  its  two  battalions  of  Chasseurs  left  it — one  in 
January,  the  other  in  May.  ^^^ 

2.  In  August  and  September,  1915,  elements  of  the  division  were  in  reserve  in  the 
area  south  of  St.  Quentin. 

1916. 

SoMME. 

1.  The  28th  Reserve  Division  did  not  have  any  great  losses  on  the  Somme  between 
October,  1915,  and  July,  1916.     Its  combat  activity  was  weak  during  this  period. 

2.  On  July  1,  1916,  the  Division  supported  the  entire  weight  of  the  British  offensive 
north  of  the  Somme,  and  suffered  very  heavy  losses  (casualties  of  the  111th  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment,  39  officers  and  1,821  men). 

3.  On  July  4  the  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  front,  sent  to  rest,  and  reor- 
ganized. 

Champagne. 

4.  Transferred  to  Champagne  on  July  10,  it  took  over  the  sector  west  of  Auberiv-e 
(July  14  to  the  beginning  of  October). 

Somme. 

5.  The  28th  Reserve  Division  was  brought  back  to  the  Somme  at  Thiepval  about 
October  5;  it  was  in  action  until  the  end  of  October  and  lost  heav-ily.  On  the  one 
day  of  October  24  the  9th  Company  of  the  111th  Reserve  Infantry  R^riment  noted 
the  arrival  of  134  men  as  replacements. 

Meuse  (Avocourt). 

Relieved  about  October  28,  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Stenay  area  and  reorganized. 
Beginning  of  November,  it  occupied,  at  Verdun,  the  Avocourt  sector  at  Hill  304. 

1917. 

1.  On  the  Avocourt  front  the  28th  Reserve  Division  took  part  in  a  few  local  en- 
gagements.    It  left  this  sector  between  April  7  and  April  15. 


380      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Californie  Plateau. 

2.  Concentrated  in  the  area  northwest  of  Montfaucon,  the  di^-ision  entrained  about 
April  i6  at  Brieulles  sur  Meuse,  Dun,  Romagne  and  was  transferred  to  Rozoy  sur 
Serre;  from  there  it  marched  to  the  sector  east  of  Californie  Plateau  (Apr.  21).  It 
imderwent  the  French  attack  of  May  4,  which  caused  it  heavy  losses.  Elements  of 
the  division  lost  very  hea\dly  counterattacking  on  the  days  following. 

3.  The  di\Tsion  was  relieved  on  May  18  and  reorganized  hastily  (replacements  of 
1,100  men  including  25  per  cent  of  the  1918  class  and  men  from  the  62Gth  Infantry 
Raiment  dissolved).     It  was  sent  to  Verdun  to  the  Talou  sector  on  May  20. 

Verdun. 

4.  The  division,  weakened  by  an  epidemic  of  dysentery,  was  withdrawn  from  the 
front  on  July  8  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  area  of  Mandlle-Jametz  until  the  beginning  of 
August. 

5.  It  went  back  into  line  at  this  date,  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse  (Talou,  Hill 
344).  It  lost  very  heavily  from  the  French  attack  of  August '20  (47  officers  and  1,150 
men  as  prisoners)  and  was  relieved  on  August  30. 

Champagne. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  September  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Ville  sur  Toiu-be  in 
Champagne. 

recruiting. 

The  28th  Reser\^e  Di\'ision  is  recruited  mostly  from  Baden.  In  addition,  there 
are  men  from  Rhenish-Hesse  and  the  Rhine  districts.  There  was  also  a  small  number 
of  men  from  the  4th  Corps  District  (1918  class). 

value — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  combat  value  of  the  28th  Reserve  Division  appears  mediocre. 

During  the  entire  time  that  it  spent  on  the  Somme  (October,  1914-July,  1916), 
the  division  remained  on  the  defensive. 

Ha\ing  lost  very  hea\'ily  on  the  Somme,  it  showed  no  great  activity  on  the  Somme 
(August-October,  1916). 

On  the  Calif omie  Plateau  (May,  1917),  the  28th  Reserve  Division  appeared  very 
much  inferior  to  the  guard. 

At  Hill  344  (Aug.  20),  the  attitude  of  the  regiments  of  the  28th  Reserve  Division 
was  rather  passive,  and  the  resistance  was  quite  weak. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  south  of  Beine  (Champagne)  on  February  16.  It 
entrained  on  the  follownng  day  for  Cartignies,  near  Avesnes,  where  it  underwent 
training  for  offensive  operations.  It  remained  there  until  the  14th  of  March,  when  it 
commenced  to  march  by  night  to  the  front  \da  Etreux-Fresnoy-Le  Nou\ion-Wassigny- 
Essigny  le  Petit  Remancourt,  arriving  in  line  on  March  20. 

Battle  of  the  Somme. 

2.  The  division  was  in  the  front  line  of  the  attack  at  Fayet  on  the  2l8t.  On  the 
23d  it  passed  through  Savy  and  reached  Vaux.  On  the  26th  it  passed  through  Par- 
villers  and  Erches,  proceeding  on  the  27th  via  Warsy  to  Becquigny.  The  di^-ision 
distinguished  itself  in  the  fighting,  though  at  a  hea^y  cost.  Some  companies  are 
known  to  have  lost  75  per  cent  of  their  effectives.  When  withdrawn  from  the  front 
line  on  March  29,  the  di\Tsion  was  held  in  reserve  on  the  front  at  DaA-enscourt, 
Warsy,  and  Gruny  until  April  17.  Two  thousand  five  hundred  men,  with  a  large 
percentage  of  the  1919  class,  were  received  at  this  time  as  reinforcements. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      381 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

3.  The  di\'ision  rested  in  the  Avesnes-Maubeuge  area  until  May  22,  when  it  marched 
via  Marle-Ste.  Preuve-Montaigu  May  22-27.  The  division  was  used  as  an  attack 
di\i8ion  to  break  through  on  the  Aisne  front.  It  attacked  southwest  of  Craonne  on  the 
27th  and  advanced  by  Corbeny,  southwest  of  Craonne,  Merval,  east  of  Fismes,  Tre- 
loup  (30th)  and  Jaulgonne.  Prince  von  Buchau,  the  divisional  commander,  was 
killed  on  May  30.     In  the  advance  to  the  Mame  the  di\'ision  covered  60  kilometers. 

Chateau  Thierry. 

4.  The  division  was  out  of  line  June  3  to  7.  On  the  8th,  it  reentered  line  before 
Bouresches  (west  of  Chateau  Thierry)  where  it  opposed  the  2d  United  States  Di\asion 
until  July  3.  Heavy  losses  were  received  in  the  fighting  in  the  Bois  Belleu  on  June 
10-11.  The  di\dsion  received  a  draft  of  200  men  in  June.  The  division  was  with- 
drawal on  July  3  and  rested  southwest  of  Soissons  from  July  7  to  18. 

SOISSONS. 

5.  It  was  alerted  on  July  18  and  engaged  south  of  Soissons  (Berzy-Courmelles)  on 
the  next  day.  It  was  heavily  engaged  until  August  1,  when  it  entrained  north  of 
Laon  and  moved  to  north  of  Vouziers  on  August  1.  Here  the  di\'ision  rested  until 
the  middle  of  August.     A  draft  of  400  men  was  received  early  in  August. 

Champ  AGifE. 

6.  The  division  was  engaged  in  the  sector  north  of  Mesnil  les  Hurlus  about  August 
20  imtil  the  end  of  the  month,  when  it  was  withdrawn. 

7.  After  leaving  the  line  at  Tahure  the  division  was  shifted  back  and  forth  behind 
the  Argonne  and  Mouse  sectors  ready  to  be  thrust  into  line.  It  was  moved  from 
Juuiville  to  Longuyon  on  September  5  and  stayed  at  St.  Jean  les  Buzy  (west  of  Con- 
flans)  until  the  26th.  From  there  it  moved  to  the  Damvillers  region,  and  on  October 
1  was  sent  to  Milly  and  Villers  devant  Dun. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

8.  The  di\'ision  was  engaged  near  Cunel  from  October  3  to  18,  when  it  was  ^vith- 
drawai  to  Stenay  where  it  received  replacements.  The  company  strength  was  brought 
up  to  40-50  men.  On  the  24th  it  was  again  in  line  near  Bantheville  and  continued 
in  to  the  end.  It  fell  back  north  of  Villers  devant  Dun  on  November  1-2,  where  it 
was  last  identified. 

value — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class.  It  was  one  of  the  best  of  the  German  div-isions. 
It  was  used  as  an  assault  diAdsion  in  the  Somme  and  Aisne  offensives  and  met  with 
great  success.  Following  the  attack  it  received  in  June  in  the  Bois  de  Belleu,  the 
di\'i8ion  was  not  seriously  engaged  until  it  was  thrown  in  the  Argonne  in  an  effort  to 
stop  the  American  advance.  Its  morale  remained  high  up  to  the  last  though  its 
effectives  dwindled. 


382      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     383 

HISTORY, 
(14th  Corps  District — Southern  part  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden  and  Upper  Alsace.) 

1914. 
Alsace-Lorraine. 

1.  The  29th  Division  ia  a  division  of  Baden,  like  the  28th,  with  which  it  formed 
the  14th  Army  Corps.  Enteriui^  the  campaign  with  its  three  brigades,  it  fought  at 
Mulhouse  on  August  9,  1914.  On  August  14  taken  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Rhine,  it 
entrained  for  Zabern  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  20th,  after  wliich  it  crossed  the 
French  frontier  of  Lorraine.  Suffering  heavily  on  the  Meiu-the,  it  retired  to  Dieuze, 
from  which  place  it  was  sent  to  the  front  at  La  Haye  west  of  Pont  a  Mousson. 

Artois. 

2.  It  was  transferred  to  the  area  north  of  Arras  at  the  beginning  of  October,  1914 
(front  of  La  Bassee,  Ablain,  St.  Nazaire). 

1915. 
Artois. 

1.  From  October,  1914,  to  May,  1915,  all  the  regiments  of  the  29th  Division  suffered 
heavy  losses  on  the  plateau  of  Notre  Dame  de  Lorette.  On  January  28,  1915,  the 
3d  Company  of  the  196th  Infantry  Regiment  had  only  38  men  left  (letter).  The  58th 
Brigade,  especially,  which  contained  a  greater  number  of  Alsace-Lorrainers  than 
the  others,  lost  very  heavily  in  the  course  of  this  winter.  At  the  end  of  November, 
1914,  the  142d  Infantry  Regiment  had  already  had  casualties  of  44  officers  and  2,603 
men.  On  February  24,  1915,  the  2d  Company  of  the  142d  Infantry  Regiment  had 
already  received  358  men  as  successive  replacements.  But  it  was  from  May  8  to  13 
that  the  regiments  of  the  division  suffered  most  heavily  (1,000  men  of  the  114th  In- 
fantry Regiment).  In  March  the  84th  Brigade  was  taken  from  the  28th  Division 
and  transferred  to  the  52d  Division  (a  new  formation). 

2.  About  May  15  the  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  and  sent  to  the  area 
of  Lens,  Pont  a  Vendin,  Heniii-Lietard. 

3.  Sent  back  into  line  about  May  25  (Souchez-Fond  de  Buval-Chateau  de  Carleul), 
it  again  suffered  heavy  losses. 

Champagne. 

4.  The  division  was  again  relieved  about  June  13  and  sent  northeast  of  Rheims 
(sector  between  the  Sillery-Beine  road  and  Prosne),  on  June  18.  It  held  these  lines 
until  the  beginning  of  November. 

5.  During  its  stay  in  the  Rheims  area,  the  29th  Division  sent  one  battalion  of  the 
113th  Infantry  Regiment  into  the  Champagne  battle. 

6.  On  October  19  and  20  the  112th  and  142d  Infantry  Regiments  attempted  a  gas 
attack  upon  the  sector  La  Pompeii e-Prosnes.  During  this  period  (June  to  Novem- 
ber, 1915)  the  losses  of  the  division  were  insignificant. 

7.  About  November  10  the  29th  Division  left  this  sector  to  go  farther  east,  to  the 
Tahure-Butte  du  Mesnil  (Nov.  23).  It  occupied  this  sector  until  the  end  of  Sep- 
tember, 1916. 

1916. 

1.  During  the  entire  winter  of  1915-16  the  29th  Division  held  the  front  of  Tahure- 
Butte  du  Mesnil  mthout  any  notable  action.  In  the  course  of  their  period  of  rest  in 
the  Vouziers  area  its  battalions  continued  their  training. 

SOMME. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September,  the  division  was  transferred  to  the  Somme.  After 
this  time  the  two  divisions  of  the  14th  Array  Corps  seemed  to  have  become  "flying 
divisions."  The  114th  Infantry  Regiment  was  wdtlidrawn  from  the  division  and 
assigned  to  the  212th  Di^'ision,  later  to  199th  Division. 


384      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

3.  On  October  4  the  29th  Division  went  into  action  on  the  Somme  east  of  Cl^ry.  It 
was  retained  in  this  area  until  the  beginning  of  February,  1917.  On  January  31,  its 
regiments,  each  of  which  contained  four  battalions  since  the  autumn  of  1916,  were 
reduced  to  three,  the  men  of  the  4th  battalion  being  assigned  to  the  other  three. 

1917. 

1.  On  February  15,  1917,  the  29th  Division  was  sent  to  rest  north  of  St.  Quentin, 
where  it  worked  on  the  Hindenburg  line. 

Champagne. 

2.  Transferred  to  the  Rethel  area  on  April  1,  it  was  engaged  south  of  Nauroy  (west  of 
Cornillet)  on  the  17th,  where  it  lost  heavily.  It  was  relieved  about  April  20  and  filled 
up  with  men  of  the  1918  class  and  of  the  626th  Infantry  Regiment,  dissolved  at  the  end 
of  April. 

3.  From  May  10  until  about  the  middle  of  June,  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Tahure- 
Butte  du  Mesnil. 

4.  About  June  14  it  was  sent  to  the  rear  and  rested  in  the  area  east  of  Vouziers- 
Attigny.  The  three  regiments  were  filled  up  with  important  replacements  (men  of 
the  1918  class  and  the  last  of  the  1917  class  incorporated  in  the  army  in  October,  1916). 
Verdun. 

5.  About  July  10-12,  the  29th  Division  entrained  for  the  Verdun  front  and  was  sent 
into  the  sector  of  Avocourt  wood.  It  underwent  the  French  attack  the  17th  which 
caused  it  great  losses. 

6.  On  August  1  the  29th  Division  launched  an  attack  to  retake  the  positions  lost  on 
the  17th.  Taken  to  the  rear  at  the  beginning  of  August,  it  was  again  engaged  at  the 
time  of  the  French  offensive  of  August  20  and  counter  attacked  unsuccessfully  (west  of 
Hill  304)  suffering  heavy  losses. 

7.  Relieved  on  October  24-25,  it  went  to  rest  in  the  area  of  Joeuf  (Landres,  St. 
Georges,  and  vicinity),  where  it  was  reorganized.  The  gravity  of  its  losses  caused 
conscripts  of  the  1918  class  called  out  in  June,  having  only  two  months'  instruction,  to 
be  sent  to  it  (5th  company  of  the  142d  Infantry  Regiment  for  example). 

8.  About  October  6,  the  division  went  back  into  line  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse 
(north  of  Hill  344).     It  remained  there  until  the  last  of  December. 

RECRUITING. 

The  29th  Division  is  recruited  almost  exclusively  in  Baden,  the  regional  character 
being  accentuated  by  the  return  of  the  men  from  the  I4th  Corps  District  who  had  been 
serving  in  the  regiments  of  the  4th  Corps  District. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Until  the  attacks  of  April,  1917,  the  29th  Division  was  considered  a  good  division, 
well  trained  and  well  officered.  The  cohesion  of  the  troops  appears  to  have  suffered 
from  the  large  proportion  of  raw  replacements,  in  consequence  of  their  losses. 

On  August  21,  1917,  the  142d  Infantry  Regiment  launched  a  counter  attack  (west  of 
Hill  304)  which  failed  because  of  lack  of  cohesion  and  liaison  between  the  different 
units  and  because  of  the  heavy  losses  caused  by  the  French  macliine  guns. 

1918. 
Verdun. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Beaumont  sector  until  about  April  1,  when  it  was  relieved 
by  the  I9th  Ersatz  Division.  It  rested  in  the  Montmedy-Virton  area  (Meix)  from 
April  6  to  25.  The  division  was  high  in  effectives  at  this  time,  the  companies  averag- 
ing 180  to  200  men. 

2.  On  April  25-28  the  division  was  railed  to  Belgium  via  Sedan-Cliarleville-Xamur- 
Bruxelles-Courtrai.  It  marched  to  Werviecj,  rested  thoro  until  April  150  and  marched 
into  line  northeast  of  Mount  Kemmel  on  the  night  of  May  1-2 


DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     385 

Lts. 

3.  The  division  was  in  line  until  May  15  at  Kemmel .  Losses  from  artillery  fire  were 
considerable.  It  was  relieved  by  the  8th  Division  and  rested  at  Oostroosebeke  (north 
of  Courtrai)  until  June  14. 

4.  On  the  night  of  the  14-15,  the  division  entered  line  east  of  Langemarck,  relie\ing 
the  49th  Reserve  Division.  On  July  15,  the  49th  Reserve  Division  returned  and 
relieved  the  29th  Division,  which  rested  near  Gits  (Roulers)  until  the  25th.  Then  it 
entrained  and  moved  to  the  Laon  district,  detraining  at  Malmaison.  From  there  the 
division  was  taken  in  trucks  on  the  A'esle  front. 

AlSNE. 

5.  It  held  the  Courlaudon  sector  (east  of  Fismes)  from  Augxist  I  to  31',  when  it 
retreated  to  the  Aisne  (Maizy).  It  was  %vithdraM'n  about  September  8.  It  rested  near 
Laon  until  the  15th,  when  it  was  reengaged  north  of  the  Aisne  (Allemant)  from 
September  16  to  24.  It  retreated  behind  the  Ailette  Canal  (east  of  Anizy  and  Cha- 
vignon)  and  was  relieved  on  October  1. 

6.  The  division  left  Laon  on  October  2  and  was  brought  by  rail  and  truck  to  Fresnoy 
leGrand,  coming  into  line  on  October  6  in  that  area.  Onthe7thand  8th  French  attacks 
forced  the  division  to  wdthdraw  by  Croix  Fonsomme,  Seboncourt.  On  the  13th  the 
division  was  relieved  by  elements  of  the  81st  Reserve  Division  and  held  in  rear  of  the 
line.  On  the  18th  it  was  reengaged  south  of  Le  Cateaii  (Ribeauville).  In  November 
the  division  retreated  on  the  axes  Fresmy,  Prisches,  in  the  direction  of  Avesnes,  where 
it  was  last  identified  on  November  7. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class.  In  1918  it  was  used  to  hold  active  defensive 
sectors.     In  the  middle  of  October  its  effectives  had  greatly  diminished. 

125651°— 20 25 


386      DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAKTICIPATED  IN  WAS. 


5  I 


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DIYISIONS  or  GERMAIN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     387 

HISTORY. 
(8th  Corps  District — Rhine  Province.) 

1915. 

1.  The  29th  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  from  the  29th  Landwehr  Brigade. 
The  latter  was  traasformed  into  a  division  on  the  Russian  Front  al)out  November 
1917. 

France. 

2.  Entering  Belgium  on  August  20,  1914,  at  Charleroi  on  the  31st,  at  Berry  au  Bac 
at  the  end  of  September,  then  attached  to  the  18th  Army  Corps  north  of  St.  Quentin 
then  to  the  14th  Reserve  Corps,  the  29th  Landwehr  Brigade  was  transferred  to  the 
Eastern  Front  at  the  end  of  March,  1915.  In  April  and  May  it  was  in  Poland  south 
of  Rawa;  it  was  then  attached  to  the  Posen  Corps  (9th  Corps). 

COURLAND. 

3.  The  German  offensive  in  the  summer  of  1915  sent  the  28th  Landwehr  Regiment 
to  Courland  (vicinity  of  Toukkoum,  in  August).  This  regiment  took  up  its  position 
in  October  in  the  vicinity  of  Kalnzem  (north  of  Mitau).  The  29th  Landwehr  Regi- 
ment, after  taking  part  in  the  operations  at  Vilna,  was  brought  to  the  east  of  Olai, 
in  October,  and  rejoined  the  28th  Landwehr  Regiment  in  the  \icinity  of  Kalnzem, 
at  the  beginning  of  November. 

1916. 
Courland. 

1.  The  29th  Landwehr  Brigade  remained  on  the  Mitau  Front  (Kalnzem-Chmarden) 

during  the  whole  of  the  year  1916  and  until  March,  1917.     It  then  formed  a  part  of 

the  Winecken  detachment.     In  October   it   received  a  new  regiment,  the  427th 

Infantry  Regiment,  which  was  taken  from  it  in  January',  1917. 

1917. 
Courland. 

1.  About  the  middle  of  March,  1917,  the  29th  Landwehr  Brigade  was  relieved  north 
of  Mitau  and  sent  west  of  Jakobstadt.  It  appears  to  be  in  reserve  in  this  sector  at 
the  time  of  the  operations  against  Riga.  It  then  came  into  line  north  of  Kreuzburg 
(vicinity  of  Jakobstadt). 

2.  About  the  month  of  November  the  29th  Landwehr  Brigade  was  transformed 
into  the  29th  Landwehr  Division,  which  did  not  prevent  the  taking  of  men  from  the 
division  to  reinforce  its  neighbor,  the  77th  Reserve  Division. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

On  the  Russian  Front  since  1914,  the  elements  of  the  29th  Landwehr  Division  can 
have  only  a  mediocre  combat  value. 

1918. 

ESTHONIA. 

1.  The  29th  Landwehr  Div-ision  occupied  a  very  extended  sector  north  of  Kreuz- 
burg until  March,,  1918.  The  division  was  sent  then  to  the  Polotsk- Vitebsk  region 
and  then  to  the  Baltic  Provinces.  It  was  in  Esthonia  at  the  beginning  of  May;  to 
the  west  of  Reval  early  in  June.  "I  have  been  in  Esthonia  three  weeks  now  for 
guard  duty,"  a  man  wrote  on  May  19.  The  division  was  identified  here  several 
times  subsequently,  the  last  identification  being  on  the  5th  of  September. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


388    DIVISIONS  or  German  army  which  participated  in  war. 


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DIVISIOXS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     389 

HISTORY. 

(15th  Corps — District,  Alsace.) 

1914. 
Alsace-Lorraine. 

The  30th  DiAdsion  constituted  the  15th  Army  Corps  (Strassburg)  ^vith  the  39th 

Division. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  the  30th  Di\-ision  formed  a  part  of  the  7th 
Army  (Von  Heeringen).  Entraining  on  August  8,  1914,  for  Upper  Alsace,  it  fought 
there  until  the  13th.  It  was  transferred  from  there  to  south  of  Sarreburg  and  crossed 
the  French  frontier  after  the  battle  of  the  20th.  It  advanced  by  way  of  Raon  I'Etape 
across  the  Meurthe.  At  the  beginning  of  September  it  was  concentrated  near  AvtI- 
court  and  went  to  Tergnier;  from  there  to  Craonne  and  Hurtebise.  It  fought  there 
from  the  middle  of  September  to  the  middle  of  October. 

2.  Concentrated  at  Laon  on  October  20,  the  30th  Di\-ision  (as  well  as  the  39th  Di\i- 
sion)  arrived  on  the  Lys  on  the  29th. 

Flanders. 

3.  The  loA  Army  Corps,  now  a  part  of  the  6th  Army,  went  into  action  southeast  of 
Ypres,  an  area  in  which  it  remained  for  almost  15  months  (October,  1914- January. 
1916). 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1.  Before  our  attacks  of  1915,  the  30th  Di\'ision  was  attached,  with  the  15th  Army 
Corps  to  the  4th  Army.     It  went  into  action  south  of  Ypres. 

The  136th  Infantry  Regiment  left  it  in  April  and  became  a  part  of  the  115th  Division 
(a  new  formation). 

•  1916. 

Verdun. 

1.  Toward  the  end  of  January,  1916,  elements  of  the  30th  DiA-ision  were  transferred 
to  ^^erdun  to  take  part  in  the  February  offensive. 

2.  On  February  24  the  15th  Army  Corps,  which  was  on  the  western  \ving  of  the 
Grerman  attacking  forces,  went  into  action  on  the  front  of  Maucourt-Warcq. 

3.  The  regiments  of  the  30th  Division  suffered  slightly  during  this  period,  the  battle 
having  been  less  intense  in  the  Woevre.  Only  the  105th  Infantry  Regiment,  in  action 
as  a  reenforcement  of  the  3d  Army  Corps,  suffered  very  heavy  losses. 

4.  The  30th  Division  was  not  relieved  after  the  battles  of  February  and  the  beginning 
of  March.  It  remained  in  the  sector  and,  on  July  11,  the  99th  and  143d  Infantry 
R<^igiments  took  part  in  a  new  offensive.  On  August  8  the  143d  Infantry  Regiment 
attacked  the  works  of  Thiaumont  and  was  decimated.  At  this  time  the  regiments 
were  filled  from  day  to  day  by  irregular  replacements.  (Between  Julj'  7  and  19  more 
than  136  men  were  sent  to  the  11th  Company  of  the  99th  Infantry  Regiment.) 

SOMME. 

5.  About  the  end  of  September  the  30th  Division  was  relieved  and  sent  to  rest  in 
the  Cambrai  area.  It  went  into  line  a  short  time  afterwards,  on  the  Somme  at  Sailly 
Saillisel  and  remained  there  one  month.  It  again  lost  very  hea^^ly  (the  143d  Infantry 
Regiment  lost  half  of  its  effectives). 

6.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  November,  the  30th  Division  was  sent  back  lo  the  Verdun 
front. 

Meuse. 

7.  After  a  rest  near  Dun  sur  Meuse,  it  went  into  line  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Mort 
Homme,  then  of  the  Cote  du  Poivre  and  east  of  Louvemont  (from  Dec.  15  to  the  end 
of  January,  1917)  without  taking  part  there  in  any  important  offensive  or  defensive 
engagement. 


390      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1.  On  March  1, 1917,  it  went  into  line  in  the  sector  east  of  Auberive  and  was  still 
there  at  the  time  of  our  spring  offensive  in  Champagne.  It  underwent  this  attack 
at  the  beginning  of  May  and  occupied  the  sector  until  the  middle  of  August.  During 
this  time,  between  April  17-20  and  the  beginning  of  May,  1917,  the  losses  of  the  30th 
Division  were  very  great.  The  effectives  of  the  105th  Infantry  Regiment  were  reduced 
to  400  men;  this  regiment  had  to  be  reorganized  in  the  Argonne. 

Meuse. 

2.  About  August  25  the  30th  Di\dsion  was  again  transferred  to  the  Meuse  and  occu- 
pied the  trenches  in  the  vicinity  of  Forges-Bethincourt,  where  its  losses  were  slight. 
Cambrai. 

3.  About  October  24  the  division  was  relieved.  The  British  attack  on  the  Cambrai 
front  on  November  20  caused  it  to  be  recalled  in  haste.  It  was  sent  into  line  on  the 
23d,  and  remained  there  until  about  December  10. 

Champagne. 

4.  At  rest  in  the  Sedan  area,  it  was  sent  to  the  Champagne  front,  northwest  of 
Auberive,  about  the  middle  of  January,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Of  the  three  regiments  of  the  division,  one,  the  105th  Infantry  Regiment,  is  Saxon. 
Stationed  in  Alsace  since  1871,  it  has  represented  Saxony  in  the  occupation  of  the 
Reichsland,  and  continues  to  draw  its  recruits  from  Saxony.  The  other  two,  Prussian, 
are  composed  mostly  of  Westphalians. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE.  • 

The  30th  Di\'i8ion  is  a  good  division  and  well  commanded. 

The  morale,  which  is  good  in  the  99th  and  143d  Infantry  Regiments,  would  seem 
to  be  mediocre  in  the  105th  Infantry  Regiment  (Saxon)  in  November,  1917. 

This  last  regiment,  very  much  exhausted  on  April  17,  1917,  was  accused  by  the 
other  regiments  of  having  given  way.  It  was  withdrawn  from  the  division  for  a 
month. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  middle  of  January  the  30th  Division  relieved  the  28th  Reser\^e  Division 
near  Ville  sur  Tourbe;  it  was  relieved  about  the  20th  of  March  by  the  52d  Reserve 
Division,  entrained  near  Vouziers  and  traveled  via  Hirson  and  Marie  to  the  area 
northwest  of  Laon. 

Montdidieb. 

2.  On  the  27th  it  left  and  marched  via  Achery-Vendeuil-Jussy-Flavy  le  Meldeux, 
Freniches-Libermont-Solente-Gruny,  reaching  Framicourt  on  the  12th  of  April, 
and  entered  line  the  following  day  south  of  Cantigny  (west  of  Montdidier).  It  was 
withdrawn  on  May  16. 

3.  The  division  had  suffered  casualties  amounting  to  30  per  cent  of  its  total  effec- 
tives, and  so  when  it  was  withdrawn,  it  moved  to  the  region  south  of  Roye  to  refit. 
Here  each  company  received  between  40  and  50  1919-class  recruits,  after  which  the 
division  was  trained.  On  June  12  it  reinforced  the  front  near  Courcelles  (south  of 
Montdidier).  It  suffered  heavy  losses  in  the  fighting  that  followed,  and  was  with- 
drawn about  the  22d. 

Champagne. 

4.  During  the  night  of  June  28-29  the  di^^Rion  relieved  the  1st  Bavarian  Di\'i8ion 
astride  the  Souain-Sommey  road.     It  seems  to  have  been  "leap-frogged"  by  the  2d 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     391 

Bavarian  Division  on  the  15th — the  opening  day  of  the  Champagne  offensive — but  it 
relieved  the  2d  Bavarian  Division  on  the  19th.     It  was  relieved  by  the  22d  Division 
on  August  10,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Lens  area. 
Cambrai. 

5.  On  the  23d  of  September  it  left  and  moved  to  the  Cambrai  area,  where  it  arrived 
the  following  day.  On  the  27th  it  reenforced  the  battle  front  south  of  Villers  Guislain 
(south  of  Cambrai).  It  was  pushed  back  steadily  in  the  ensuing  weeks,  and  was 
withdrawn  about  the  28th  of  October,  southeast  of  Englefontaine  (south  of  Quesnoy), 
and  went  to  rest  in  Maubeuge. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

Until  this  year  the  30th  had  always  been  considered  a  first-class  division.  During 
1918,  however,  it  was  not  used  nearly  so  much  as  other  shock  units.  The  fact  that, 
although  it  was  in  line  only  a  fortnight  after  more  than  a  month's  rest,  it  was  not 
used  in  the  attack  of  July  15  in  Champagne,  but  was  put  back  into  line  as  soon  as  it 
was  seen  that  the  offensive  there  was  a  failure,  is  significant.  It  would  seem  that  the 
German  High  Command  considered  it  as  only  a  second-class  division.     • 


392      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


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DIVISIOlsrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IINT  WAR.     393 

HISTORY. 

(Bavaria.) 

1914. 
Alsace. 

1.  The  30th  Bavarian  Reseive  DiA^sion,  constituted  in  August,  1914,  half  of  Prus- 
sian and  half  of  BaA-arian  troops,  operated  in  the  Yosges  beginning  vnih  August  17, 
and  entered  St.  Di^  on  the  27th. 

In  1915,  with  the  39th  Reserve  Division,  formed  after  it,  it  made  up  the  Eberhardt 
Corps,  since  then  the  15th  Reserve  Corps.  These  2  diAisions  comprised  a  total  of  25 
battalions,  resei"\'e  units,  Landwehr  or  Ersatz,  Bavarian  for  the  most  part,  to  which 
were  subordinated  Landsturm  Battalions. 

They  were  scattered,  after  the  retirement  of  the  first  part  of  September,  1914, 
among  the  valleys  of  the  Plaine  and  the  Liep\Tette  (Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines). 

The  predominance  of  Ba-s-arian  troops  in  these  DiA-isions  had  the  effect  of  causing 
both  to  be  officially  called  Bavarian.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  they  were  afterwards 
ahnost  exclusively  filled  by  BaA'arian  contingents. 

1915. 

1.  In  1915  the  30th  Bavarian  Reserv^e  Di\ision  continued  to  occupj^  the  same 
sector  of  the  Yosges,  south  of  the  A'alley  of  the  Plaine.  It  remained  there  until  May, 
1917.  The  39th  Bavarian  Reser\^e  DiAdsion  was  at  its  left,  holding  the  lines  as  far 
as  Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines. 

2.  In  the  spring  of  1915,  the  Brigade  Ersatz  Battalions  of  the  diAisions  were  grouped 
into  regiments  and  became  the  2d  and  4th  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiments,  forming 
the  5th  Bavarian  Ersatz  Brigade. 

3.  The  two  Brigades  of  the  30th  Bavarian  Reserve  Di\-ision  took  an  active  part 
in  the  battles  of  La  Fontenelle  in  June  and  Jiily,  1915. 

1916. 

1.  Yosges  sector  (south  of  the  Yalley  of  the  Plaine,  Senones,  Le  Ban-de-Sapt). 

2.  In  October,  1916,  the  11th  and  14th  BaAarian  Reserve  Regiments  went  to  the 
1st  Bavarian  Landwehr  Di\-ision  and  to  the  9th  Bavarian  ReserA'e  DiA-ision. 

The  30th  Bavarian  Reser\-e  DiA-ision  received,  in  November,  the  8th  Bavarian 
Landwher  Regiment  from  the  1st  BaA-arian  Landwehr  DiAdsion,  and  in  December 
the  15th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Regiment,  taken  from  the  39th  BaA^arian  DiA-ision,  \Ahich 
received  the  2d  BaA^arian  Ersatz  Regiment  in  exchange. 

1917. 

LORRAINE. 

1.  In  April,  1917,  the  30th  BaAarian  Reserve  DiAision  Avas  relicA-ed  from  the  Yosges 
sector,  which  it  had  occupied  since  its  formation,  and  sent  into  line  on  the  Lorraine 
front  (sector  of  the  Seille). 

2.  At  the  end  of  October,  it  v>as  transferred  to  Upper  Alsace  (north  of  the  Rhone- 
Rhine  Canal),  where  it  relieved  the  3d  Reserve  DiA-ision. 

VALUE— 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  30th  BaA^arian  Reserve  Division  is  a  sector  division,  as  it  has  occupied  the 
front  either  in  Lorraine  or  Alsace  since  its  formation.     Its  offensive  A-alue  is  mediocre. 

In  the  8th  Bavarian  Landwehr  and  the  4th  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiments,  the  aver- 
age age  of  the  men  is  38  years.  The  men  of  the  machine  gun  companies  are  younger, 
according  to  the  ordinary  rule.  In  the  15th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Regiment  the  ma- 
jority of  the  men  arc  more  than  30  yc:ars  old. 


394      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Each  battalion  of  the  Rth  Bavarian  Landwehr  Regiment  possesses  an  assault  troop 
composed  of  young  men  averaging  24  years  of  age. 
There  is  also  a  Divisional  Assault  Company. 

1918. 
Haute  Alsace. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  north  of  the  Rhine-Rhone  Canal  until  the  armis- 
tice was  signed. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  possesses  very  little  fighting  value.  The  men  are,  for  the  most  part, 
old ,  and  the  fathers  of  several  children.  Then ,  too,  a  great  many  are  those — untrained 
landstrum — who  usually,  for  physical  defects,  were  not  inducted  into  the  army  when 
their  classes  were  called  to  the  colors;  these  men  complain  of  the  hard  work.  More- 
over, Bavarians  came  to  believe  that  Prussia  was  "using"  them.  It  was  found 
necessary  to  establish  shock  detachments  with  each  battalion,  and  these  do  all  of 
the  necessary  patrolling. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WTITCII  TARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      .S05 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     397 

HISTORY. 

(21st  Corps  District— Lorraine,  part  of  Lower  Alsace,  and  southern  portion  of  the 

Rhine  Province.) 

1914. 

Upon  mobilization,  the  Slat  Division,  with  the  42d  Division,  constituted  the  21st 
Army  Corps. 

Lorraine. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  31st  Division  was  a  part  of  the  6th  Army  (Prince 
Rupprecht  of  Bavaria).  In  August,  1914,  it  was  on  the  Lorraine  frontier;  on  the 
12th  of  August  at  Chateau  Salius,  Rechicourt.  It  fought  at  Dieuze  on  August  20 
where  the  174th  Infantry  Regiment  lost  half  of  its  effectives.  The  division  was  at 
LuneAdlle  on  the  23d,  marched  upon  Rehainviller,  Gerbeviller  on  the  24th;  at 
Rozelieure  Essey  on  the  26th;  in  the  vicinity  of  Moyen-Domptail  at  the  beginning 
of  September;  it  withdrew  to  Dieuze  about  Sejitember  11. 

SOMME. 

2.  Transferred  to  the  ^dcinity  of  St.  Quentin-Vermand,  about  September  18,  the 
division  occupied  the  ^dcinity  of  Fouquescourt  on  September  2G  and  27;  attacked 
in  the  direction  of  Bouchoir  on  October  6.  At  the  end  of  October  the  division  took 
over  the  front  of  Fouquescoiu-t-Chaulnes  and  kept  it  until  the  end  of  January,  1915. 
At  this  date  the  losses  of  the  174th  Infantry  Regiment,  since  the  beginning  of  the 
war,  amounted  to  81  officers  and  3  521  men.     (Official  List  of  Casualties.) 

1915. 
Russia. 

1.  About  January  25,  1915,  the  31st  Division  left' the  Somme  for  the  Eastern  Front, 
leaving  the  60th  Infantry  Regiment  in  France,  and  detrained  at  Tilsit. 

2.  Concentrated  in  Eastern  Prussia,  at  the  beginning  of  February,  it  was  a  part 
of  the  Hindenburg  Army. 

3.  On  February  14  it  left  the  region  of  Augustowo  to  advance  to  the  east.  It  reached 
Sopockin  on  the  20th  and  took  up  its  position  with  the  21st  Army  Corps  on  the  line 
Sopockin-Chatbine  (north  of  Grodno).  On  the  9th  of  March,  in  a  counterattack 
of  the  Russians,  it  suffered  heavy  losses. 

4.  From  March  29  to  April  24  it  took  part  in  the  battles  in  the  vicinity  Kalwariia- 
Mariampol. 

5.  At  the  end  of  April  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  and  reorganized.  From 
the  time  of  its  arrival  in  Russia  imtil  April  10,  the  first  battalion  of  the  166th  Infantry 
Regiment  had  lost  17  officers  and  1,022  men,  the  1st  Company  alone  losing  5  oflBcers 
and  336  men. 

6.  At  the  end  of  July  the  division  again  occupied  the  lines  near  Mariampol. 

ViLNA. 

7.  In  the  month  of  August  it  took  part  in  the  offensive  upon  Vilna.  It  advanced 
to  Ko\Tio  on  August  19,  to  Vilna  at  the  end  of  September,  and  reached  the  area 
Smorgoni-Soly,  where  it  stopped  in  October. 

8.  The  division  was  relieved  on  October  6.  It  went  back  into  line  about  October 
24,  in  the  sector  of  Postawy-Lake  Narotch. 

Narotch. 

1.  The  31st  Division  occupied  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Narotch  until  its  departure 
for  the  Western  Front  in  December,  1917. 

2.  At  the  end  of  March,  1916,  it  opposed  the  Russian  offensive  in  the  vicinity  of 
this  lake;  it  lost  very  heavily. 


398      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1917. 
Belgium. 

1.  On  December  5,  1917,  it  was  relieved  from  the  Russian  front,  and  after  a  few- 
days  rest  at  Vilna  entrained  for  Belgium  on  December  16.  (Itinerary:  Wirballen- 
Koenigsberg-Elbing-Dirschau-Ramberg  (?)  Aix  la  Chapelle  Ver-vaers.)  It  de- 
trained about  the  21st,  in  the  "\dcinity  of  Ghent  and  took  up  its  position  at  the  end  of 
January,  1918  south  of  the  Ypres-Roulers  line  where  it  alternated  -wdth  the  12th 
Reserve  Division. 

RECRUITING. 

The  3l8t  Division  is  recruited  mostly  from  the  \icinity  of  Sarrebrucken  and  St. 
Wendel  in  the  Rhine  Pro\'ince.  Most  of  the  replacements  are  furnished  by  West- 
phalia 

VALUE 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  31st  Division  was  on  the  Russian  front  from  February,  1915  to  December  1917. 

The  quality  is  mediocre. 

1918. 
Ypres. 

1.  From  January  19  to  February  4  the  division  held  the  Moorslede  sector  (south  of 
Ypres-Roulers  railway).  The  division  rested  until  the  14th  in  the  vicinity  of  Lende- 
lede.  It  relieved  the  12th  Reserve  DiATsion  on  the  14th  in  its  old  sector  at  Moors- 
lede which  it  held  until  March  3,  and  again  from  March  21  until  April  4. 

Battle  op  the  Lys. 

2.  About  April  4  the  di\'ision  was  withdrawn  and  marched  to  the  Messines  front. 
The  route  lay  through  Menin,  Werwicq,  Comines,  Warneton.  It  was  engaged  on 
April  10  to  12  in  the  Bois  de  Ploegsteert.  For  its  fighting  in  this  area  the  division 
was  mentioned  by  the  German  communique  of  April  13.  From  the  12th  to  the  17th, 
it  was  in  second  line.  It  fought  south  and  southwest  of  Kemmel  from  April  18  to  24 
when  it  passed  into  close  support  until  the  26th.  The  division's  losses  were  large  in 
this  severe  engagement.  The  3d  Battalion  of  the  174th  Regiment  is  known  to  have 
lost  from  60  to  70  per  cent  of  its  effectives. 

3.  WTien  relieved  in  the  Kemmel  area,  the  division  rested  north  of  Tourcoing  until 
May  6,  undergoing  reconstitution.  It  returned  to  line  north  of  Kemmel  on  the  night 
of  May  6-7,  relieving  the  Alpine  Corps.  It  suffered  hea\aly  from  the  French  attack 
of  May  21,  losing  many  prisoners.  It  was  relieved  on  May  24,  and  rested  in  the 
Courtrai-Menin  area  until  June  15.  It  was  engaged  in  the  sector  south  of  Ypres 
from  June  15  until  July  27. 

Woevre. 

4.  Following  its  arduous  serAdce  on  the  Ypres  front,  the  di^dsion  was  moved  to  a 
quiet  sector  on  the  Woe'vre.  It  was  moved  from  Belgium  by  way  of  Brussels,  Namur, 
CharleAnlle,  Sedan  to  ]\Iars  la  Tour  from  where  it  marched  to  the  front  and  took  over 
the  St.  Mihiel  sector  on  July  29,  which  it  held  until  September  3. 

Battle  of  St.  Mihiel. 

5.  The  division  was  resting  in  the  area  north  of  Dampvitoux  when  the  American 
attack  was  made  on  the  St.  Mihiel  salient.  It  was  brought  into  line  north  of  Thiav- 
court  on  the  14th  and  held  this  sector  until  October  28. 

Meuse — Argonne. 

6.  On  the  31st,  the  division  was  engaged  at  Imecourt  (northeast  of  Grandpre)  and 
took  part  in  the  final  combats  in  that  area.     It  was  still  in  line  on  November  11. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  In  spite  of  its  relatively  low  quality  it 
appears  to  have  been  used  as  an  attack  division  in  the  Lys  offensive.  The  losses  in 
the  spring  and  the  presence  of  numerous  Lorrainers  in  its  composition  lowered  the 
value  of  the  division  after  May,  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     399 


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HISTORY. 
(12th  Corps  District— Saxony.) 

1914. 
Belgium-Marne  . 

1.  Upon  the  declaration  of  war  the  32d  Division,  with  the  23d  Division,  formed 
the  12th  Arm,y  Corps  (1st  Saxon  Army  Corps).  On  the  night  of  August  2,  1914,  its 
64th  Brigade  entrained  for  the  frontier  north  of  Luxemburg  to  act  as  covering  troops. 
The  32d  Division  was  concentrated  there  on  the  10th  and  entered  Belgium  on  the 
13th.  In  August,  i{  marched  with  the  3d  Army  (von  Hausen),  fought  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Meuse  on  August  23  near  Dinant,  entered  France,  went  into  action  on  the 
28th  at  Signy  I'Abbaye,  and  from  there  went  down  to  Chalons.  It  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  the  Marne  to  the  left  of  the  Guard  at  Lenharree  on  the  extreme  right  flank 
of  the  6th  Army  and  retired  by  way  of  Chalons,  Mourmelon,  Betheni\-ille  to  the  north- 
west of  Rheims. 

Champagne. 

2.  Reattached  to  the  7th  Army  (Von  Heeringen),  it  took  part  in  the  attacks  in  the 
vicinity  of  Rheims  (northwest). 

3.  When  the  front  became  stabilized  it  retained  the  sector  of  Berry  au  Bac  Craonhe 
and  remained  there  until  the  month  of  July,  1915. 

1915. 

AlSNE. 

1.  Sector  Berry  au  Bac-Craonne.  (During  this  period  the  losses  of  the  division  were 
very  small.)  In  April,  1915,  the  178th  Infantry  Regiment  was  taken  from  the  32d 
Division  and  assigned  to  the  123d  Division  (a  new  formation). 

1916. 

1.  Retained  in  the  same  calm  sector  and  having  taken  part  in  no  important  affair 
since  October,  1914,  the  32d  Division  retained  its  combat  value  intact  at  the  end  of 
June,  1916. 

SOMME. 

2.  During  the  first  days  of  the  Franco- British  offensive  on  the  Somme  the  32d  Divi- 
sion sent  one  battalion  from  reserve  there,  which  went  into  action  from  July  4  to  July 
7  in  the  vicinity  of  Belloy. 

3.  Toward  the  end  of  July  two  of  its  regiments  (102d  and  103d  Infantry  Regiments) 
helped  to  form  (with  elements  from  the  23d  Division)  the  pro\isional  Franke  Division, 
which  fought  on  the  Somme  until  September  10  (Deniecourt-VermandovillersV  The 
losses  were  very  heavy. 

4.  On  the  4th  of  September  the  177th  Infantry  Regiment  was  sent  up  in  ilw  turn, 
but  was  in  action  only  a  few  days  in  the  vicinity  of  Vennandovillers  from  Sei)tember 
4  to  10.     Its  losses  were  enormous  (1,600  men  in  6  days). 

5.  The  Franke  Division  was  withdrawn  on  September  10  and  dissolved. 
Argonne. 

6.  The  32d  Division,  reformed  (102d,  103d,  177th  Infantry  Regiments)  and  reor- 
ganized, was  sent  north  of  Rheims  and  then  to  the  Argonne  (Four  de  Paris  and  Avo- 
court  wood). 

Somme. 

7.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  November,  it  entrained  on  the  3d  and  4th  near 
Grandpre,  detrained  at  Hirson,  and  on  November  15  began  to  occupy  the  sector 
between  Bouchavesnes  and  northeast  of  Clery. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     401 

1917. 

1.  The  32d  Division  was  retained  in  the  Bouchaevesnea  sector  until  the  time  of 
the  German  retirement  in  March,  1917. 

2.  It  left  the  Somme  front  at  the  end  of  March. 
Champagne. 

3.  After  a  period  of  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sissonne,  the  division  went  into  action 
in  the  sector  of  Mont  sans  Nom  (4  kilometers  west  of  Vaudesincourt  on  Apr.  17  and  18). 
Having  lost  heavily,  the  3  regiments  were  withdrawn  on  the  19th. 

4.  On  May  5  the  division  again  went  into  line  west  of  Tahure. 
Flanders. 

5.  About  June  10  it  was  relieved,  and  after  a  few  days  of  rest  entrained  at  Machault 
for  Flanders.     There  it  went  into  line  near  the  Ypres-Menin  road. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  September  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  Yprea  front  and  sent 
to  rest,  then  took  over  the  sector  Warneton-Messines  and  was  not  relieved  until  the 
middle  of  January,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  32d  Division  is  exclusively  Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

In  June,  1917,  the  morale  of  the  division  was  very  low  because  of  the  losses  suffered 
at  Mont  Haut. 

However,  during  the  division's  stay  in  the  Tahure  sector  from  May  to  June,  1917, 
there  were  only  two  desertions. 

Besides,  Gen.  von  Der  Decken  is  considered  an  energetic  commander  and  it  is 
very  probable   that  under  his  influence  the  morale  has  become  more  satisfactory 

(September,  1917). 

1918. 
Battle  op  the  Lys. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  on  January  15  by  the  49th  Reserve  Division  and 
rested  near  Tournai  until  the  beginning  of  March.  It  was  railed  to  Wambrechies 
and  entered  the  line  northwest  of  Lille  about  March  1.  About  the  4th  of  April  it 
was  moved  south  and  on  April  9  was  engaged  at  Fleurbaix.  It  was  withdrawn  to 
rest  on  the  16th  to  Armentieres  and  returned  to  line  on  the  18th,  relieving  the  117th 
Division.  It  was  in  line  until  May  8,  during  which  time  it  suffered  heavy  losses. 
A  replacement  of  450  men  was  received  on  April  17. 

2.  Relieved  by  the  35th  Division,  it  rested  in  rear  of  the  Lys  front  until  May  26, 
when  it  took  over  the  sector  west  of  Merville  and  held  it  until  the  end  of  June. 
Woevre. 

3.  It  was  relieved  about  July  1  and  railed  to  Lorraine,  detraining  near  Spincourt 
on  July  4.  About  this  time,  the  division  received  a  draft  of  1500  men.  It  was  in 
line  at  Eix-Bezonveaux  from  July  15  to  October  1,  a  very  quiet  sector.  The  troops 
were  marched  tc  the  rear  on  that  date  and  rested  in  the  Eton-Loison  area  for  two  days. 
On  the  3d  the  division  marched  to  Penard-Tilly,  where  it  rested  until  the  5th,  and 
on  that  night  marched  to  Breville.  It  came  into  line  on  October  9  on  the  right  bank 
of  the  Meuse,  and  was  engaged  in  the  Bois  de  Moirey  region  until  October  24.  Losses 
were  heavy,  some  companies  being  reduced  to  15  men.  On  November  3  the  division 
reappeared  in  its  former  sector  of  Bezonvaux,  relieving  the  106th  A.  H.  D.  It  held 
this  sector  until  the  armistice. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.     It  did  well  on  the  Lys  in  April,  but  after 
that  was  not  seriously  engaged  except  for  a  few  days  in  October,  when  it  was  brought 
up  to  resist  an  American  attack  east  of  the  Meuse.     In  the  fighting  it  did  not  dis- 
tinguish itself.     The  morale  of  the  division  was  low  in  the  latter  half  of  1918. 
125651°— 20 26 


402      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     403 

HISTORY. 

(16th  Corps  District — Lorraine.) 

1914. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  33d  Division,  with  the  34th  Division,  formed  the 
16th  Army  Corps  (Metz).     Reservists  began  arri\ing  on  July  29  (Soldbuecher). 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  hostilities  the  33d  Di^dsion  was  a  part  of  the  5th  Army  (Ger- 
man Crown  Prince).  It  invaded  France  by  way  of  Audun  le  Roman,  went  around 
by  the  north  of  Verdun,  crossed  the  Meuse  at  Gi^Ty  on  September  1  and  advanced 
aa  far  aa  Rambluzim  and  Heippes  (20  kilometers  south  of  Verdun). 

Argonne. 

2.  After  the  battle  of  the  Marne  it  took  up  its  position  in  the  Argonne.  Its  advance 
had  been  costly.  On  Septeml)er  24  the  new  commander  of  the  98th  Infantry  Regi- 
ment found  it  reduced  13  officers  and  982  men  (dociunent). 

1915. 
Argonne. 

1.  The  33d  Division  remained  without  interruption  in  the  Argonne  from  Septem- 
ber, 1914,  to  about  the  middle  of  August,  1916. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  About  August  10,  1916,  the  di^dsion  was  relieved  from  the  Argonne  and,  after 
a  short  rest  behind  the  front,  was  sent  into  the  line  at  Verdun,  east  of  Fleury. 

2.  In  this  sector,  the  division  lost  rather  heavily.  It  remained  there  until  the 
middle  of  September,  at  whifh  time  it  took  its  place  in  the  sector  Vauquois,  giving 
the  144th  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  223d  Division,  a  new  formation. 

Argonne. 

3.  During  this  latter  period,  which  extended  up  to  the  middle  of  December,  the 
division  was  reorganized  and  absorbed  the  4th  Battalion,  suppressed,  on  October  31, 
in  the  27th  Landwehr  Regiment.  At  the  same  time,  the  4th  Battalions  which  the 
regiments  of  the  di\'ision  possessed,  were  broken  up. 

SOMME. 

4.  Transferred  to  the  Somme  about  December  15,  it  there  occupied  the  sector 
east  of  Beaumont-Hamel  and  did  not  leave  it  until  February  8,  1917.  During  these 
two  months,  its  losses  were  rather  serioiis. 

1917. 
Argonne. 

1.  Sent  to  rest  in  the  Sedan  area,  the  33d  Division  went  back  into  its  old  sector 
Vauquois  at  the  end  of  February,  1917.  No  important  event  marks  its  stay  in  the 
Argonne  after  that  time. 

Champagne. 

2.  On  May  3,  it  was  relieved  and  transferred  to  Champagne.  It  marched  aa  far 
as  Pont  Faverger  and  went  into  line  at  Comillet  and  Mont  Blond.  It  took  part 
in  the  battle  on  this  front  and  suffered  some  losses  (172  prisoners  from  the  130th 
Infantry  Regiment  on  May  20).  • 

Argonne. 

3.  Withdrawn  from  this  region  at  the  end  of  May,  it  was  again  sent  to  the  Argonne 
(Boureuilles-Vauquois),  about  .Tune  7. 

Champagne. 

4.  At  the  end  of  September  it  came  out  of  the  Argonne,  and  about  October  4  went 
to  the  area  of  Tahure,  where  it  remained  in  line  until  February,  1918. 


404      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

Not  being  able  to  utilize  the  regional  system  of  recruiting  from  annexed  Lorraine, 
the  33(1  Division  is  composed  almost  entirely  of  Westphalians  from  the  7th  Corpa 
District. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  16th  Army  Corps,  of  which  the  33d  Division  is  a  part,  has  always  had  the 
reputation  of  being  one  of  the  best  corps  of  the  German  Army. 

Although  the  33d  Division  lost  very  heaN-ily  during  tlie  offensive  of  April  and 
May,  1917,  it  still  appeared  strong  (October,  1917). 

1918. 

1.  The  di\ision  was  relieved  on  January  4  by  the  28th  Reserve  Division  and  went 
to  rest  and  train  in  the  area  northwest  of  Sedan.  On  March  14  it  was  railed  to  the 
vicinity  of  Rozoy  sur  Serre  and  rested  a  week  north  6f  Montcornet.  From  there  the 
division  proceeded  by  night  marches  via,  Montcornet-Crecy  sur  Serre-Monceau  le 
Neuf-Ribemont-Mezieres-Moy  ly  Fontaine-Gibercourt-Montescourt-Jussy-Fla\-y  le 
Martel,  where  it  arrived  on  March  23.  On  the  following  night  the  division  was 
billeted  in  Villeselve  and  came  into  line  astride  the  Ham-Noyon  road  on  March  24. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  On  the  25th  the  di\dsion  fought  its  way  through  Noyon  and  on  the  following 
days  was  engaged  in  heavy  fighting  about  Suzoy  and  Mont  Renaud,  which  it  failed  to 
capture  in  spite  of  heavy  sacrifices.     It  was  withdrawn  on  April  15. 

3.  The  division  rested  from  April  15  to  May  24  in  the  vicinity  of  Dercy,  Mortiers, 
Pierrepnnt,  and  Barenton  sur  Serre  undergoing  reconstitution.  It  marched  to  the 
Aisne  front  by  Coucy  les  Eppes,  Bruyeres,  and  Chamomile. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

4.  The  di\dsion  was  engaged  on  May  27  in  the  front  line  of  the  attack  and  advanced 
by  Fancy,  Courtecon,  Verneuil,  Pont-Arcy,  Dhinzel,  Courcelles,  Jouaignes  (20th), 
Oulchy  la  Ville,  south  of  NeuiHy  St.  Front,  Dammard.     In  this  last  region  losses 
were  heavy  on  June  2.     It  was  relieved  by  the  78th  Reserve  Division  on  June  3. 
Second  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

5.  The  divi.«ion  rested  south  of  Soissons  from  June  7  to  July  11,  when  it  marched 
to  the  Marne  front  by  Braisne,  Fere  en  Tardenois,  Foret  de  Ris.  It  was  in  reserve 
on  the  15th  on  the  north  of  the  Marne,  west  of  Dormans.  On  the  17th-18th  it  fell 
back  on  Beuvardes  and  Grisolles  and  was  engaged  the  next  day  southeast  of  Neuilly 
St.  Front.  In  the  heavy  fighting  of  the  following  days  the  di\-ision  was  thrown  back 
south  of  Oulchy  le  Chateau  toward  Fere  en  Tardenois  (July  21-23).  The  division 
withdrew  until  the  Vesle  was  reached  when  it  Avas  relieved  about  July  31. 

Verdun. 

6.  The  division  entrained  southeast  of  Montcornet  on  August  6  and  was  moved  to 
Avocourt  via  Sedan-CharleAalle-Montmedy.  It  rested  southeast  of  Stenay  until 
August  15.  Replacements  were  received  from  the  dissolved  33d  Reserve  Di\'ision 
in  August.  On  August  21,  the  division  entered  line  near  Omes  (north  of  Verdun) 
where  it  remained  until  the  armistice. 

value — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class.  It  was  used  as  an  assault  division  in  the  Sonune 
and  Aisne  offensives  of  1918.  It  was  disorganized  by  its  losses  in  the  Marne  retreat 
and  never  recovered  its  offensive  value. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     405 


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406      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 

HISTORY. 

(16th  Corps  District — Lorraine.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1.  Formed  at  ^letz  with  the  8th  Bavarian  Brigade  and  the  66th  Reserve  Brigade, 
the  33d  Rtserve  Di\dsion  Vas  a  part  of  the  5th  Army  (German  Crown  Prince)  at  the 
outbreak  of  the  war.  In  August,  1914,  it  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Xomfeny  and  went 
to  Verdun  by  way  of  Gondrecourt,  Rou\Tes,  Etain.  On  Augu^  24  and  25  it  was  in 
action  at  Etain  and  suffered  hea\T.ly.  On  August  26  the  10th  Company  of  the  8th 
Bavarian  Regiment  had  only  75  men  left  (notebook). 

At  the  beginning  of  September,  it  occupied  both  banks  of  the  Moselle  south  of 
Pont  a  Mousson,  and  about  September  15  the  vicinity  of  Thiaucourt. 
WoEVRE — Les  Eparges. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September  and  the  beginning  of  October  it  went  back  into  th6 
^ctor  South  of  Etain  (Riaville,  Bracquis).  On  October  8  the  8th  Bavarian  Brigade 
attacked  Champion  and  Fresnes:  the  67th  Reserve  Regiment  attacked  the  Ville  en 
Woe^Te  on  October  9.  After  these  battles,  the  33d  Reserve  Division  took  up  its 
position  on  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  (Combres,  Les  Eparges  i. 

3.  In  November  the  66th  Reserve  Brigade  was  in  Flanders — on  the  Y'ser  Canal 
from  November  16  to  24,  and  left  for  Lorraine  on  November  25. 

1915. 

C6tes  de  Meuse. 

1.  The  33d  Reserve  Division  remained  in  line  on  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  until  the 
end  of  July,  1916. 

2.  About  January  17,  1915,  elements  of  the  66th  Reserve  Brigade  were  sent  to  the 
Bois  le  Pretre  and  suffered  heav-j'  losses.  They  rejoined  the  division  on  the  C6tes 
at  the  en  J  of  January. 

Les  Eparges. 

3.  From  February  to  the  end  of  April,  1915,  the  33d  Reserve  Division  took  part 
in  the  battles  of  Combres  and  of  Les  Eparges;  it  lost  v^ery  heavily  there,  especially 
in  the  actions  of  February  17  to  20.  From  April  15  to  May  1  no  less  than  140  men 
were  sent  as  replacements  to  the  12th  Company  of  the  67th  Reserve  Regiment. 

4.  After  reorganization  the  33d  Reserve  Division  went  to  the  calmer  sector  of 
Vaux  les  Palameix,  Lamorville. 

Calonxe. 

5.  The  division  once  more  suffered  heavy  losses  in  the  Calonne  trench  in  May, 
1915. 

6.  On  July  17,  1915,  the  130th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  sent  in  support  of 
an  attack  on  I^es  Epj^rges.  After  this  period  the  33d  Reserve  Division  occupied  the 
sector  south  of  Vaux  les  Palameix  (Chevaliers  wood,  Bouchot  wood)  without  taking 
part  in  any  important  engagement. 

1916. 

1.  On  July  25,  1916,  the  division  was  relieved  from  the  Cotes  de  !Meuse  and  sent 
to  rest  until  August  25  in  the  area  north  of  Briey.  At  this  time  the  8th  Bavarian 
Brigade  was  detached  from  the  33d  Reserve  Division  to  serve  in  forming  the  14th 
Bavarian  Division  and  the  33d  Reserve  Division  was  reorganized  with  three  regi- 
ments, with  the  66th  Reserve  Brigade  and  the  364th  Infantry  Regiment  (coming 
from  the  8th  Ersatz  Division). 

Verdun. 

2.  On  August  26  the  division  went  into  line  on  the  front  north  of  Verdun,  south- 
west of  the  fort  of  Vaux.     It  took  part  in  the  battles  from  September  2  to  9  in  the 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     407 

Vaux  Chapitre  "n'ood  and  suffered  very  hea^y  losses.  The  12th  Company  of  the  67th 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  received  at  least  142  men  as  replacements  from  Sep- 
tember 13  to  21. 

3.  After  being  reorganized  the  diWsion  underwent  the  French  attack  of  October 
24,  which  again  caused  it  considerable  losses.  Upon  its  relief  the  2d  Battalion  of 
the  130th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  reduced  to  45  combatants.  (Notebook 
of  an  aspirant  officer.) 

4.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  on  November  1,  the  33d  Reserve  Di\Tsion  was  sent 
to  rest  and  to  be  reorganized.     It  had  suffered  so  hea\'ily  that  among  the  reenforce- 
ments  at  the  beginning  of  1917  we  find  untrained  men  of  the  Landsturm  II  Ban. 
Lorraine. 

5.  The  di\'ision  was  then  sent  to  Lorraine  to  the  B lament  sector. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Lorraine  front  until  March  10,  1917. 
Chemin  des  Dames. 

2.  After  a  month's  rest  in  the  \'icinity  of  Sarreburg,  the  33d  Reserve  Di\dsion 
was  transferred  to  Marie  (Apr.  16-19).  On  April  21  and  22  elements  of  the  di^'ision 
were  distributed  upon  different  points  of  the  Aisne  front  to  replace  the  units  exhausted 
by  the  French  attack  of  April  16,  and  soon  afterwards  were  regrouped  north  of  Laffaux 
Mill.  The  33d  Reserve  Di^^sion  suffered  very  heaw  losses  withstanding  the  French 
attack  of  May  5  and  counterattacking  on  the  days  follo-ning  {i\Iay  5-7)  (1,000  pris- 
oners); almost  the  entii'e  2d  Battalion  of  the  67th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was 
captured. 

3.  Withdrawn  in  part  from  the  Aisne  front  on  May  12,  the  33d  Division  again  had 
some  of  its  units  in  action  between  the  Aisne  Canal  and  Laffaux  Mill  until  May  23 
(German  attack  of  May  16,  where  the  130th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  suffered 
heavy  losses). 

4.  At  the  end  of  May  the  33d  Reserve  Division  returned  to  the  ^'icinity  of  Sarre- 
buig  to  rest  and  be  reorganized.  It  received  recruits  not  only  from  the  recruit  depot 
of  Beverloo,  but  also  from  the  depot  at  Warsaw. 

Lorraine. 

5.  About  June  10  it  again  took  over  its  former  sector  in  Lorraine  (Blamont-Leintry). 

Verdun. 

6.  On  August  23  the  division  went  into  action  on  the  Verdun  front  (sector  of 
Baumont-Chaume  wood).  It  underwent  the  French  attack  of  the  26th  where  it 
suffered  heavily.  It  again  had  recourse  to  the  Warsaw  recruit  depot  which  sent  it, 
among  other  reenforcements,  untrained  men  of  the  Landsturm  second  Ban. 

7.  Relieved  about  September  10,  the  33d  Reserve  Division  was  transferred  to 
Galicia  by  way  of  Metz,  Frankfort,  Erfurt,  Dresden,  Breslau,  Cracow. 

Galicia. 

8.  It  was  identified  in  Galicia  at  the  beginning  of  October. 

recruiting. 

After  the  8th  Bavarian  Brigade  was  withdrawn  the  33d  Reserve  Division  was  exclu- 
sively Prussian.  Its  regiments  were  recruited  almost  entirely  from  the  Rhine  Province 
and  Westphalia.  In  May,  1917,  however,  following  the  losses  suffered  on  the  Chemin 
des  Dames,  a  gi-eat  number  of  young  men  came  from  Western  Prussia  (1918  class), 
coming  from  the  large  depots  of  Beverloo  and  Warsaw.  At  the  end  of  August  the 
Warsaw  depot  sent  untrained  men  from  the  Landsturm  II  Ban  from  the  9th  and  10th 
Corps  Districts. 


408      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

VALUE— 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  33d  Reserve  Division  is  a  good  division. 

At  Verdun  elements  of  the  division  fought  vigorously  and  made  the  French  advance 
very  difficult  on  October  24,  1916. 

Between  May  5  and  May  7,  1917,  the  division  launched  very  violent  counterattacks 
against  Laffaux  Mill.  Elements  of  the  364th  Infantry  Regiment  succeeded  in  cap- 
turing the  Chateau  de  la  Motte.  In  the  sector  of  Beaumont  at  Verdun  the  1st  Battalion 
of  the  364th  Infantry  Raiment  put  up  a  very  stubborn  resistance  to  the  French  on 
August  26,  1917. 

The  33d  Reserve  Division  was  very  much  exhausted  by  the  attacks  on  the  Aisne. 
The  reenforceraent  which  it  received  on  May  4,  1917,  were  mostly  men  belonging  to 
the  1918  class.  On  August  26,  1917,  more  than  one-fourth  of  the  prisoners  belonged 
to  this  class. 

In  January,  1918,  it  already  counted  among  its  ranks  young  men  of  the  1919  class, 
who  had  arrived  on  January  14. 

Taking  into  account  its  recent  long  rest  and  its  intensive  training  in  offensive  war- 
fare and  the  declarations  of  prisoners  captured  in  March,  1918,  who  all  declare  that 
their  division  is  an  assault  division  destined  to  take  part  in  a  great  breaking  through 
offensive,  we  must  conclude  that  the  33d  Reserve  Division  has  again  become  an 
organization  of  high  quality  (Mar.  30,  1918). 

1918. 
Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

1.  The  division  continued  to  hold  its  sector  northwest  of  Rheims  until  the  Aisne 
offensive  in  May.     It  advanced  with  the  rest  of  the  line,  having  as  its  objective  the 
Marne  River.     It  progressed  through  Cauroy  (27th),  St.  Thierry  (28th),  and  Vrigny 
(31st).     Here  the  line  was  stabilized.     The  division  was  withdrawn  June  20. 
Champagne. 

2.  On  June  25  the  division  relieved  the  88th  Division  in  the  Mont  Tetu  sector 
(Eastern  Champagne).  It  was  on  the  extreme  left  of  the  German  attack  east  of 
Rheims  on  July  15,  and  suffered  so  heavily  that  it  was  withdrawn  on  July  20. 

3.  In  mid-August  the  division  was  broken  up.  The  364th  and  67th  Reserve  Regi- 
ments were  drafted  to  the  16th  and  34th  Divisions. 

VALUE — 19l8  estimate. 

The  33d  Reserv^e  Division  was  rated  as?  fourth  class.  As  a  result  of  its  failure  in 
the  Aisne  and  Champagne  offensives,  it  was  disbanded  in  August,  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     409 


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410      DIVISIONS  OF  GEPMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE. 

HISTORY. 

(16th  Corps  District — Lorraine.  >- 

1914. 

Upon  mobilization,  the  3ith  Division  and  tlie  33(1  Division  v.'ore  organic  parts  of 
the  16th  Army  Corps  (]\Ietz). 
Meuse. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  \rar  the  34th  Di^-ision  marched  -n-ith  the  5th  Army  (Ger- 
man Crown  Prince),  entered  France  on  August  21,  by  Audun  le  Roman  and  by  way 
of  Nonillon  Pont,  and  reached  the  Meuse,  which  it  crossed  at  Vilosaes  and  Sivr}-  on 
September  1.     It  advanced  as  far  as  Beauz^e  and  Seraucourt. 

Argonne. 

2.  After  the  battle  of  the  Marne  it  retired  to  the  north  and  took  up  its  position  in 
the  Argonne. 

1915. 
Argonxe. 

1.  The  54th  Division  remained  in  the  Argonne  withoiit  interruption  from  September, 
1914,  until  about  August  15,  1916.  It  took  part  there  in  the  offensives  of  January-  and 
July,  1915,  where  it  suffered  heavy  losses.  On  January  18,  1915,  the  30th  Infantry 
Regiment  had  already  lost  56  officers  and  2,723  men.     (Official  List  of  Casualties.) 

2.  After  these  ^dolent  battles,  it  received  fairly  large  replacements.  The  di\ision 
suffered  no  serious  losses  in  this  sector  during  the  period  which  followed  these  engage- 
ments until  its  relief  on  Aug.  15,  1916. 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  On  this  (late  the  34th  Di\'ision  was  transferred  to  the  riirht  bank  of  the  Meuse 
at  Verdun. 

2.  It  went  into  action  in  the  Chiaumont  sector  at  the  end  of  August,  1916,  and 
during  the  month  of  September,  took  part  in  some  very  severe  battles  in  this  vicinity. 

3.  On  September  20,  its  losses  were  very  great  because  of  our  attack.  The  regi- 
ments of  the  34th  Di\"ision  again  lost  heavily  in  the  course  of  our  offensive  of  October 
24,  which  succeeded  in  recapturing  the  Douaumont  Fort  and  the  Thiaumont  Works; 
on  that  day,  their  resistance  was  rather  weak.  The  67th  Infantry  Regiment  received 
about  71  men  for  its  8th  Company  in  the  week  of  October  28-November  5. 

VOSGES. 

4.  On  October  29  the  34th  Division  was  relieved.  Beginning  ^vith  November  14, 
it  occupied  a  calm  sector  in  the  Vosges,  southwest  of  Senones.  At  this  time  it  received 
fairly  large  replacements.  The  173d  Infantry  Regiment  was  transferred  to  the  223d 
DiA-ision,  a  new  formation. 

1917. 
Argonne. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  February,  1917,  the  di^•ision  returned  to  the  Argonne.  It 
remained  there  a  short  time.  In  the  middle  of  March,  it  was  relieved  and  transferred 
to  the  region  north  of  Rheims  (beginning  of  April). 

Ch.vmpagne. 

2.  Immediately  after  oiu-  offensive  of  April  16,  the  67tli  and  30th  Infantry  Regi- 
ments went  into  action  in  the  vicinity  of  Brimont,  while  the  145th  Infantry  Regi- 
ment was  sent  to  Cornillet  as  a  reenlorcement  from  April  18  to  20. 

3.  About  April  25,  the  34th  Division  was  again  concentrated  in  the  Brimont  sector, 
where  it  relieved  the  43d  Reserve  Di\dsion. 

4.  About  the  middle  of  Jiuie  it  extended  its  sector  to  include  the  6tret(  h  from  the 
Champ  du  Seigneur  to  the  Verrerie  of  Courcy.     During  the  attacks  of  A]>ril  the  divi- 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHIOfI  PARTICIPATEn  IN  WAR.      411 

eion  suffered  very  heavy  losses;  the  145th  Infantry  Regiment  lost  al)ou(  one-third  <jf 
its  effectives. 

Flanders. 

5.  On  July  21  the  34th  Division  was  relieved  from  the  Rheims  front  and  sent  to 
Flanders  on  August  7.  It  remained  in  reserve  in  the  vicinity  of  Dadizeele  until 
August  12.    It  then  went  into  action  near  the  Ypres-Menin  road,  where  it  had  heavy 

losses. 

"WOEVRE. 

6.  On  August  24,  it  left  this  front  for  La  Haye,  where  it  went  into  line  southeast  of 
Thiaucourt  (vicinity  of  Flilrey)  and  remained  until  October  31. 

Cambrai. 

7.  At  the  beginning  of  November,  it  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Cambrai.  It  took  part 
in  the  German  counterattack  of  November  30. 

Laonnois. 

8.  After  a  rest  in  December,  the  34th  Di\dsion  occupied  the  sector  of  Grandelain, 
on  the  Ailette,  until  January  7,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Because  of  the  difficulty  of  recruiting  in  its  own  corps  district  (Lorraine),  the  34th 
Division  is  composed  mostly  of  Westphalians  and  men  from  the  Rhine  Pro\"ince. 
The  name  of  "Magdeburg"  given  to  the  G7th  Infantry  Regiment  has  only  a  historic 
value. 

The  men,  as  a  rule,  belong  to  the  classes  of  1912  to  1918. 

The  replacements  received  by  the  division  in  Lorraine  (September,  1917)  brought 
in  an  undetermined  number  of  men  more  than  25  years  of  age,  especially  those  of  the 
I.,andsturm  of  about  30  years  of  age,  withdrawn  from  the  Russian  front  and  trained  for 
a  while  in  a  depot  in  the  interior. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  34th  Division  was  one  of  the  good  Di\dsions  of  the  German  Army.  Neverthe- 
less, at  the  time  of  our  attack  upon  Thiamont  on  October  24,  1916,  it  had  a  period  of 
genuine  weakness. 

Its  attitude  in  the  Brimont  sector  in  April  and  May,  1917,  was  such  that  it  must 
still  be  classed  among  the  good  divisions. 

At  Ypres,  in  August,  1917,  charged  with  the  defense  of  one  of  the  most  imjiortant 
sectors,  it  did  not  realize  the  hopes  of  the  German  High  Command. 

According  to  the  interrogation  of  a  prisoner  (February,  1918),  the  34th  Division  is 
a  shock  division  destined  to  attack. 

1918. 
Laon. 

1.  Early  in  January  the  division  which  had  been  resting  near  Laon,  relieved  the  3d 
Bavarian  Division  near  Courtecon  (south  of  Laon);  withdrawn  toward  the  end  of 
February,  it  went  to  rest  near  Liesse  (northeast  of  Laon).  where  it  remained  until 
March  15. 

Picardy. 

2.  Then  it  marched  toward  the  front  via  Marcy  (west  of  Marie)  and  Ribemont. 
On  the  21st  it  entered  line  south  of  St.  Quentin,  took  Benay.  which  was  its  objective, 
crossed  the  canal,  and  took  Jussy  on  the  23d.  It  continued  its  advance  as  far  as 
Pontoise  (southeast  of  Noyon).  It  was  witlidrawn  on  April  2,  after  having  lo^t  50 
per  cent  of  its  total  effectives,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  area  southeast  of  Roye.  While 
here  it  received  1,000  replacements. 


412      DIVISION'S  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

3.  On  the  10th,  it  came  back  intd  line  south  of  Guiscard  (north  of  Noyon).  It 
was  withdrawn  about  the  20th,  the  50th  Division  taking  over  its  sector. 

4.  After  spending  about  10  days  near  Beaumont  en  Beine  (southeast  of  Ham) 
training  in  ch)8e  and  open  order  and  in  rifle  practice,  the  di\'ision  relieved  the  223d 
Division  south  of  Appilly  (east  of  Noyon)  on  May  1.  On  the  15tli,  it  received  15 
replacements  per  company.  It  was  relieved  by  the  9th  Bavarian  Reserve  Di\dsion 
on  the  20th,  and  went  to  rest,  first  in  the  region  east  of  Chauny,  and  then  in  the  Pt. 
Gobain  forest  (south  of  La  Fere). 

AlSNE. 

5.  After  having  been  in  reserve  four  days  near  Pernant  (west  of  Soissons),  the 
division  reenfnrced  the  front  near  Ambleny  (west  of  Soissons)  on  June  12,  attacking, 
iie  same  day,  with  the  Coeuvres-Vic  sur  Aisne  road  as  its  objective.     It  could  make 

no  headway  at  all,  and  suffered  losses  of  about  30  per  cent  of  its  strength.     It  was 
withdrawn  about  the  6th  of  July. 

6.  On  the  19th,  it  came  back  into  line  near  Vauxbuin  (southwest  of  Soissons), 
and  was  withdrawn  on  the  22d  after  suffering  severely;  over  300  in  prisoners  alone. 
It  went  to  rest  in  the  Guise  area;  later,  it  moved  to  the  vicinity  of  Coucy  le  Chateau. 
While  here,  it  received  as  a  draft  the  dissolved  67th  Reserve  Regiment  (33d  Reserve 
Division  disbanded). 

AlLETTE. 

7.  The  division  reenforced  the  front  near  Cuts  (southeast  of  Noyon)  on  August  15. 
It  was  withdrawn  on  September  25. 

St.  Quentin. 

8.  It  entrained  the  same  day  north  of  St.  Gobain,  and  detrained  in  the  St.  Bohain 
region  the  next  day;  it  rested  here  for  two  days,  and  was  transported  by  truck  to  St. 
Quentin  on  the  28th.  The  following  day,  it  relieved  the  221st  Division  southwest 
of  that  town.  On  the  30th,  it  was  forced  to  relinquish  St.  Quentin  to  the  French. 
It  continued  to  withdraw,  but  fighting  stubbornly,  and  was  relieved  on  the  9th  of 
October  near  Fontaine-Uterte  (northeast  of  St.  Quentin).  It  rested  for  a  week 
between  Avesnes  and  Maubeuge. 

Guise. 

9.  It  moved  to  the  Petit  Verly-Grougis  region  (northwest  of  Guise)  on  the  17th, 
in  support  of  the  81st  Reserve  Division,  but  that  unit  being  placed  hors  de  combat 
by  the  attack  of  the  18th,  the  34th  Division  found  itself  in  the  front  line,  and  even 
lost  nearly  100  prisoners.  It  was  relieved  on  the  23d  after  losing  nearly  700  more 
prisoners.     It  then  rested  about  a  week  in  the  Vervins  region. 

10.  On  November  1,  it  returned  to  line  near  Puisieux  (south  of  Guise),  and  with- 
drew along  the  line  Marly,  Romery,  Sommeron.     It  was  still  in  line  on  the  lltli. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  34th  has  always  been  considered  as  one  of  the  best  second-class  divisions. 
As  a  result,  however,  of  its  heavy  losses  during  the  spring,  it  contained  large  numbers 
of  boys  of  the  1919  class.  Having  been  engaged  without  rest  from  the  middle  of 
August  until  the  end  of  the  war,  it  was  reduced  to  the  point  where  it  has  less  than 
1,000  effectives  left.  In  all  probability,  it  would  soon  have  been  dissolved  had  the 
war  continued. 


DIVISIOISrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     413 


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414      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(17th  Corps  District — Western  Prussia.) 

1914-15. 
East  Prussia. 

1.  The  35th  Di\ision  formed  with  the  36th  Division  the  17th  Army  Corps  (Danzig). 
It  remained  on  the  Eastern  Front  from  the  beginning  of  the  war  until  October,  1915. 
It  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Gumbinnen  and  Tannenberg,  then  in  the  two  German 
offensives  upon  Warsaw.  It  participated  in  the  operations  on  the  Bzura  and  the 
Narew,  where  it  remained  until  August  1,  1915. 

Russia. 

2.  It  was  sent  to  rest  near  Bielostok,  and  at  the  end  of  September,  1915,  the  decision 
was  made  to  send  it  to  the  Western  Front. 

3.  It  entrained  at  Grodno  about  October  6,  and  arrived  about  the  10th  in  the  vicinity 
of  P^ronne  where  it  was  filled  up.  The  9th  Company  of  the  176th  Infantry  Regiment 
received  no  less  than  60  men  between  October  3  and  13. 

France. 

4.  In  the  middle  of  October  it  went  into  the  Roye  sector  and  remained  there  during 
the  entire  winter  of  1915-16. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  About  May  25,  1916,  it  went  slightly  to  the  north  and  occupied  the  sector  between 
the  Chaulnes- Amiens  railroad  and  the  south  of  Soy6court. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July,  when  the  Somme  battle,  began,  the  35th  Division  was 
holding  the  front  from  west  of  Vermandovillers  to  the  south  of  Chilly.  The  176th 
Infantry  Regiment  was  sent  into  line  in  the  sector  of  Herb^court-Estr6es  on  July  2 
and  lost  170  prisoners  to  the  French.  This  regiment  lost  hea\dly  in  the  French  attack 
of  July  20  between  Belloy  and  the  Etoile  wood. 

3.  On  September  4  and  the  days  following  the  35th  Division  was  effecting  a  relief 
at  the  time  of  the  French  offensive  and  suffered  considerably  because  of  this  (almost 
2,000  prisoners,  39  of  whom  were  officers). 

4.  It  had  to  be  retired  from  the  front  on  September  8  and  sent  to  rest  at  Ham. 
Between  October  15  and  20  it  again  went  into  line  from  the  southwest  of  Chaulnes  to 
the  southwest  of  Chilly. 

5.  According  to  official  calculations,  the  35th  Division  had  casualties  of  6,102  men, 
68  per  cent  of  the  effectives  engaged,  in  the  course  of  the  battle  of  the  Somme. 

1917. 
St.  Quentin. 

1.  The  35th  Di^dsion  remained  in  the  vicinity  of  Chaulnes  until  the  German  retire- 
ment. It  took  part  in  the  retreat  and  established  itself  in  the  Ilindenburg  Line  south 
of  St.  Quentin  at  the  end  of  March. 

Artois. 

2.  After  a  few  days  of  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Guise  at  the  beginning  of  April,  the 
division  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Arraa  in  the  second  half  of  April.  At  this  time  it 
lost  about  50  per  cent  of  its  fighting  men.  The  141st  Infantry  Regiment  received  in 
May  135  to  140  men  per  company  to  make  up  for  its  losses  (1918  class  and  men  liberated 
by  the  dissolution  of  the  618th  Infantry  Regiment). 

Flanders. 

3.  Sent  to  rest  for  the  entire  month  of  May  in  the  vicinity  of  Lille  and  filled  up  by 
replacements  of  3,000  men  coming  from  the  recruit  depot  at  Warsaw  on  May  9,  the 
35th  Division  was  sent  into  Belgium  and  occupied,  on  May  31,  the  banks  of  the  Yprea- 
Comines  Canal.  On  June  7  it  lost  heavily  there  (5,000  to  6,000  men,  of  whom  1,272 
were  prisoners). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     415 

4.  Reorganized  on  June  11  in  the  vicinity  of  Cambrai,  by  rbplacements  mostly  made 
up  of  returned  convalescents  and  wounded,  the  division  was  then  sent  into  line  in  a 
calm  sector  north  of  St.  Quentin,  where  it  remained  from  June  21  to  October  20. 
Flanders. 

5.  On  October  22  and  23  it  reappeared  on  the  Flanders  front  in  the  sector  of  the 
Houthulst  wood.     It  had  rather  serious  losses  between  October  22  and  25. 

It  was  relieved  on  January  22,  1918,  and  sent  to  rest  east  of  Bruges. 

RECRUITING. 

The  35th  Division  is  recruited  from  western  Prussia  with  some  help  from  the  6th 
Corps  District,  especially  in  June,  191G  (important  replacements  made  up  of  miners 
from  Silesia).  There  is  a  rather  large  proportion  of  Poles,  not  only  from  the  17th 
Corps  District,  but  also  from  the  5th  and  6th  Corps  Districts. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  35th  Division  has  taken  part  in  numerous  battles.  Its  quality  has  been  greatly 
weakened  by  the  incorporation  of  recruits  of  the  1918  class,  and  by  the  increase  of  the 
Polish  elements. 

The  35th  Division  appears  to  be  a  mediocre  di\'ision  (July,  1917). 

The  morale  of  the  141st  Infantry  Regiment,  50  per  cent  of  which  are  Poles,  appears 
poor.     (November,  1917.) 

1918. 
Ypres. 

1.  The  division  was  at  rest  east  of  Bruges  (Maldeghem)  imtil  about  February  17, 
when  it  was  engaged  in  the  vicinity  of  Merckem  until  March  20. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

2.  It  entrained  at  Pitthem  on  the  22d  and  moved  to  Carvin.  It  was  in  reserve  at 
Evin-Malmaison  until  March  27,  and  later  in  reserve  south  of  Lens  (near  Rouvroy) 
until  April  1 .  It  was  moved  to  Lille  and  engaged  from  April  8-9  to  the  14th  at  Neuve- 
Chapelle.  Lestrem,  Locon,  Neuf  Berquin.  In  the  fighting  on  April  12  the  division 
lost  heavily.     It  was  withdrawn  on  April  14. 

Flanders. 

3.  The  division  rested  near  Armentiers  until  May  5,  during  which  period  it  was 
reviewed  by  the  Kaiser.  It  was  in  the  sector  north  of  Bailleul  from  May  8  to  July  3. 
At  this  time  the  company  effectives  of  the  di\'ision  seems  to  have  been  about  50  men. 
The  division  rested  at  Bruges  from  the  5th  to  the  17th,  when  it  returned  to  the 
Merckem  sector  and  occupied  it  until  August  18.  Considerable  replacements  were 
received  in  mid-August  by  the  division. 

Artois. 

4.  It  rested  near  Lille  (Aug.  19-24),  and  on  August  25  was  railed  to  Douai.  On  the 
26th  the  division  occupied  the  Drocourt-Queant  line  and  fought  in  the  area  until 
about  September  30,  when  it  was  relieved  after  losing  800  prisoners. 

B.-\.TTLE    OP   CaMBRESIS. 

5.  The  division  was  reengaged  on  October  1  northwest  of  Cambrai.  It  withdrew 
to  Abancourt  (9th),  Hem-Lenglet  (11th),  Denain  north  of  ^laing,  Famars  (28th), 
northwest  of  Maresches  (Nov.  1).  It  pa.ssed  to  second  line  about  the  1st  of  the  month, 
returning  on  November  9  near  Harchies.  The  division  was  not  in  line  on  Novem- 
ber 11. 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  considered  a.s  a  good  sector-holding 
division  in  1918, 


416    DIVISIONS  OF  germ:a:n^  army  which  participated  in  war. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     417 

HISTORY. 

(420th  Infantry  Regiment:  1st  Coqjs  District— East  Prussia.  421st  Infantrj-  Regi- 
ment: 2d  Corps  District— Pomerania.  438tli  Infantry  Regiment:  14tli  Corps  Dis- 
trict— Grand  Duchy  of  Baden.) 

1914. 

The  35th  Reserve  Division  is  a  I.andwehr  division.  It  lias  always  occupied  the 
Eastern  Front. 

Poland. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  35th  Reserve  Division  fought  (Aug.  25-28)  on  the 
southern  frontier  of  East  Prussia,  which  it  crossed.  It  took  part  in  the  Polish  cam- 
paign— southwest  of  Warsaw  in  October  and  November,  1914,  in  the  vicinity  of  Czen- 
stochow  in  December. 

1915. 

G  ALICIA. 

1.  From  January  to  March,  1915,  the  division  was  in  line  south  of  the  Pilica.  From 
April  to  June  it  took  part  in  the  operations  in  the  Carpathians,  then  in  the  vicinity  of 
Lemberg. 

Russia. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  July  it  was  replaced  near  Sokal  (Galicia)  by  the  39th  Austrian 
Division  and  went  south  of  Grabowiec.  The  pursuit  of  the  Russians  led  it  north  of 
Cholm  in  the  beginning  of  August,  east  of  Brest-Litovsk,  near  Kobrin  in  September, 
then  to  the  Chtchara  at  the  mouth  of  the  Oginski  Canal  in  October. 

3.  It  took  up  its  position  along  the  canal  north  of  Logischin. 

1916. 
Oginski  Canal. 

1.  The  35th  Reserve  Division  remained  in  line  along  the  Oginski  Canal  for  more 
than  two  years  (Oct.,  1915  to  Feb.,  1918). 

2.  About  October,  1916,  the  5th  Landwehr  Brigade  (2d  and  9th  Landwehr  Regi- 
ments) was  assigned  to  the  226th  Division  (being  formed  in  the  Smorgoni  sector). 
The  35th  Reserve  Division  received  two  new  regiments — the  420th  and  421st  Infantry 
Regiments. 

1917. 
Oginski  Canal. 

1.  The  division  was  in  the  same  sector. 

In  July,  1917,  the  438th  Infantry  Regiment  became  a  part  of  the  35th  Reser^-e 
Division  to  replace  the  107th  Saxon  I.andwehr  Regiment,  which  had  been  transferred 
to  the  45th  Landwehr  Division  (Saxon). 

value — 1917   estimate. 

Composed  of  Landwehr  and  Landsturm  elements,  retained  for  more  than  two  years 
in  a  calm  sector  of  the  Russian  front,  later  in  the  Ukraine,  the  35th  Reserve  Division 
has  only  a  mediocre  military  value. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  In  March  the  division  advanced  into  Ukraine,  after  having  furnished  men  to  the 
10th  Landwelir  Division,  which  was  about  to  leave  for  the  Western  Front.  In  this 
advance  the  div-isisn  saw  some  fighting  and  consequently  suffered  some  losses.  In 
April  the  division  was  identified  in  the  Gomel  region.  The  division  was  identified 
in  Ukraine  early  in  October,  and  so  its  reported  presence  in  Flanders  on  September 
20  appears  incorrect. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATF. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 
125651°— 20 27 


418      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     419 

HISTORY. 

(17th  Corps  District— West  Prussia.) 

1914. 

The  36th  Division  (with  the  35th  DiNosion)  was  a  part  of  the  17th  Army  Corps 
(Danzig). 
East  Prussia — Russia. 

1.  The  17th  Army  Corps,  which  comprises  the  35th  and  3Gth  Di\'i5ions,  was  sent  to 
East  Prussia  in  August,  1914,  where  it  belonged  to  the  8th  Array,  soon  placed  under  the 
command  of  A^on  Ilindenburg.  With  this  army  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Tannenberg 
on  August  30,  and  in  the  battle  of  Loetzen  on  September  9,  then  with  the  9th  German 
Army  (Mackensen"),  in  the  battle  of  Pvadom,  on  October  G. 

2.  In  the  battles  which  mark  the  advance  upon  Warsaw  and  then  the  retreat,  the 
regiments  of  the  36th  Division,  and  especially  the  5th  Grenadier  Regiment,  suffered 
considerable  losses  (principally  at  Lodz  between  Nov.  23  and  Dec.  6). 

1915. 

1.  During  the  winter  of  1914-15  the  36th  Division,  with  the  17th  Army  Corps,  took 
part  in  the  actions  along  the  Bzura  until  June.  In  July  it  was  on  the  Narew,  later 
on  the  right  bank  of  the  Bug,  and  at  the  beginning  of  September  on  the  Chtchara 
River. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September,  1915,  at  the  time  of  the  pressure  exerted  by  the  Franco- 
British  offensive,  the  17th  Army  Corps  entrained  for  the  Western  Front. 

France. 

3.  Detraining  at  Peronne  on  October  ]0,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  tlie  vicinity  of  Ham 
until  October  IG.  At  this  date  it  went  into  line  in  the  Roye  sector.  Until  the  battle 
of  the  Somme  it  was  not  seriously  engaged . 

1916. 
Somme. 

1.  Upon  the  outbreak  of  the  Franco-British  offensive  on  the  Somme  in  July,  1916, 
the  36th  Division  occupied  the  sector  included  between  the  .south  of  Cliilly  and  the 
north  of  Andechy.  It  was  not  engaged  as  a  whole  until  October,  the  time  when  the 
battle  front  extended  as  far  as  the  Chaulnes-Chilly  sector.  Until  then  it  had  only 
sent  detached  units  to  reenforce  certain  points  south  of  the  river . 

2.  About  the  end  of  September  it  occupied  the  front  from  north  of  Fouquescourt  to 
the  Chaulnes  railroad.  Relieved  between  October  15  and  20,  and  sent  to  rest  between 
Nesle  and  Ham,  it  had  to  go  back  into  line  on  October  24-25  to  replace,  in  the  sector 
south  of  Ablaincourt-Chaulnes  wood,  the  divisions  wliich  our  attacks  north  of  Chaulnes 
had  exhausted.  Its  regiments  lost  lieavily  during  this  period.  The  128th  Infantry 
Regiment  lost  more  than  the  others,  especially  on  November  7,  10,  and  11. 

3.  On  December  8  the  36th  Division  left  the  front  north  of  Chaulnes  and  was  sent 
north  of  Roye  to  the  Fouqescourt  sector. 

1917. 
St.  Quentin. 

1.  OnMarchl7, 1917,  it  was  included  in  the  retirement  and  withdrew  to  the  Hinden- 
burg  Line,  where  it  established  itself,  on  March  23,  south  of  St.  Quentin. 

Artois. 

2.  After  a  month's  rest  (Apr.  9-May  9)  beliind  the  front,  the  3Gtli  DivLsion  went 
into  line  southeast  of  Arras  in  the  Guemmape  sector.  It  had  only  a  few  local  engage- 
ments there  and  did  not  suffer  any  great  losses. 


420      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

3.  It  thea  spent  a  part  of  June  at  rest  in  the  Douai  area  and  took  up  its  position  on 
July  4  in  the  sector  of  Oppy-Gavrelle  (Artois).  It  did  not  take  part  in  any  serious 
engagements  there. 

Ypres. 

4.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  August,  it  entrained  at  Douai  on  the  28th  for  Courtrai  and 
Isegsem.  Sent  on  September  10-11  into  the  sector  of  Poelcapelle,  it  had  to  be  replaced 
there  on  the  23d  because  of  the  heavy  losses  which  it  received  from  the  British  attack. 

5.  The  division  left  Flanders  on  September  27  to  occupy  a  calm  sector  west  of  St. 
Quentin,  where  it  still  was  at  the  beginning  of  February,  1918. 

IlECRUITING. 

The  36th  Division  is  recruited  from  the  same  region  as  the  35th  Division. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  36th  Division  was  an  excellent  combat  division. 

In  the  battles  of  the  Somme  and  of  Arras  the  36th  Division  gave  a  good  account  of 
itself. 

On  the  Ypres  front  the  combat  spirit  of  the  division  was  less  energetic  than  in  the 
preceding  battles.  The  British  Artillery,  however,  had  reduced  its  effectives  by 
one-half. 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  in  the  sector  north  of  St.  Quentin  about  February  1 
and  entered  the  sector  south  of  St.  Quentin  within  a  few  days.  It  was  in  line  when 
the  Somme  offensive  came  off  and  advanced  in  the  front  line  by  Essigny  le  Grand, 
Olastres,  Brouchy,  Guiscard,  Campagne,  Candor.  From  the  23d  to  the  25th  it  was 
in  second  line.  On  the  25th  it  was  reengaged  in  the  Lassigny  area.  The  division 
was  relieved  on  April  8. 

2.  The  division  rested  in  close  support  southeast  of  Roye  until  April  20.  A  draft 
of  300  men  was  received  about  this  time. 

3.  On  April  20  the  division  was  engaged  southeast  of  Montdidier  (Rollet)  unlil 
April  28.  It  was  in  reserve  from  the  28th  to  the  beginning  of  May  in  the  A-icinity 
of  Roye.  A  draft  of  1,000  men  was  received  on  April  29.  On  May  9  the  di^dsion 
was  moved  to  Wasigny,  where  it  rested  until  the  22d.  It  marched  toward  the  Aisne 
front  by  night  from  May  22  to  27  via  Rozoy  sur  Sene,  Montcornet,  Liesse,  Montaigv. 
Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

4.  The  division  had  in  line  on  the  27th  only  one  battalion  of  the  128th  Regiment 
(near  Winterberg).  The  rest  of  the  division  followed  the  advance  in  reserve,  passing 
through  Villers  en  Prayeres,  Fismes,  Villers  sur  Fere.  It  was  engaged  from  May  29 
to  the  middle  of  June  at  Courmont,  Fresnes  (29th),  Jaulgonne  (31st),  east  of  Chateau 
Thierry.  The  division  withdrew  from  the  sector  east  of  Chateau  Thierry  about 
June  30. 

Second  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

5.  It  rested  in  the  salient  (near  Fere  en  Tardenois)  until  July  14,  undergoing  recon- 
stitution.  On  that  date  it  marched  to  the  front  and  was  engaged  the  next  day. 
It  crossed  the  Marne  and  penetrated  south  of  Charteves,  but  was  stopped  and  thrown 
back  on  Mezy  and  Fossoy.  From  July  20  to  22  it  was  in  second  line.  Reengaged 
south  of  the  Ourcq  on  22d,  the  division  fought  at  Rocourt  and  Villeneuve  sur  Fere 
until  July  27. 

Battle  of  the  Somme. 

6.  The  division  rested  near  Laon  in  early  August.  It  was  brought  up  to  resist  the 
British  attack  north  of  Bapaume  on  August  24.  It  was  still  under  strength  and  was 
unable  to  check  the  advance.     It  was  forced  to  fall  back  on  Vaulx  Vraucourt,  Ecoust 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     421 

St.   Mein  (27th-30th),   Pronvillo,   uud  Inchy   (Sept.   2-3).     The  losses  in  prisoners 
amounted  to  800  in  this  fighting. 

7.  On  the  IGth  of  September  the  division  was  again  in  line  south  of  La  Ba&see. 
Beginning  October  1  it  retreated  on  Bauvin,  Pont  a  Vendin,  Provin  (IGth),  Attiches 
(18th),  and  toward  the  south  of  Tournai.  It  was  last  identified  at  Bany  on  Novem- 
ber 10. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  heavily  engaged  in  1918  as  a 
follow-up  division  in  the  attacks  and  to  hold  important  defensive  sectors. 


422      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     423 

HISTORY. 

(17th  Corps  District — Western  Prussia  and  the  eastern  part  of  Pomerania.) 

1914. 
East  Prussia. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  36th  Reserve  Division  constituting,  with  the 
1st  Reserve  Division,  the  1st  Reserve  Corps,  was  engaged  in  East  Prussia  in  the 
\'icinity  of  Gumbinnen-Angerburg. 

BZURA. 

2.  Assigned  to  the  9th  German  Army  (Mackensen),  it  fought  on  November  6  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Vistula  and  on  the  Bzura  at  the  beginning  of  December. 

1915. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  1915  the  36th  Reserve  Division  took  part  in  the  engagements 
on  the  line  Bzura-Rawka-Bolimov  (Jan.  4  and  Feb.  5). 

Prasnysz. 

2.  On  February  13  the  di\'ision  entrained,  with  the  entire  Ist  Reserve  Corps,  to 
reenforce  the  right  wing  of  the  Germany  Army,  which  was  pushing  back  the  Rus- 
sians from  East  Prussia.  Detraining  at  Ostrolenka,  it  attacked  in  the  vicinity  of 
Mlawa,  then  near  Prasnysz  (April),  where  the  Russian  counterattacks  caused  it  to 
suffer  heavy  losses. 

COURLAND. 

3.  In  May,  it  took  part  in  the  Ilindenburg  offensive  in  Courland.  First  occupying 
the  sector  of  Jurburg,  north  of  Niemen,  it  reached  Ponioviej  in  July  and  from  there 
pushed  on  to  the  vicinity  of  Dvinsk.  The  division  suffered  heavily  during  this 
period.  On  October  15,  the  61st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  had  an  average  of  only 
80  men  per  company  (letter). 

Friedrichst.\dt. 

4.  In  December,  the  36th  Reserve  jJi\asion  occupied  the  sector  of  Friedrichstadt 
southeast  of  Riga. 

1916. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  its  Courland  sector  (Friedrichstadt)  until  September 
24,  1916. 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September  and  the  beginning  of  October,  it  entrained  at  Libau 
and  was  transferred  to  Galicia.  The  54th  Infantry  Regiment  was  engaged  on  October 
3  east  of  Brzezany  to  oppose  the  advance  of  the  Russians.  The  rest  of  the  di\-ision 
rejoined  the  rest  of  the  54th  Infantry  Regiment  on  October  19,  and  remained  in 
this  area. 

1917. 

1.  About  the  end  of  May,  1917,  the  36th  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  from  the 
sector  south  of  Brzezany  and  entrained  near  Rohatyn  (Galicia)  for  the  Western 
Front.     Itinerary:  Lemberg-Cracow-Oppeln-Munich-Karlsruhe. 

Lorraine. 

2.  Detraining  in  Lorraine  on  the  1st  of  June,  the  division  received  training  until 
June  24.     At  this  date,  it  took  over  a  calm  sector  in  Haye  for  a  fortnight. 

Artois. 

3.  Sent  to  the  vicinity  of  Lens  in  July,  the  36th  Pteserve  Division  occupied  the 
sector  of  Mericourt  until  the  beginning  of  October. 

Fl.\nders. 

4.  About  October  20,  it  went  into  line  east  of  Ypres  (north  of  Becelaere). 


424      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The  3Gth  Reserve  Division  is  recruited  from  West  Prussia  and  the  eastern  part  of 
Pomerania.  It  contained  a  large  number  of  Alsace-Lorrainers  during  its  stay  on 
the  Western  Front. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

In  Russia  the  3Gth  Reserve  Division  took  part  in  several  major  operations. 
It  did  not  come  to  the  Western  Front  until  June,  1917. 

1918. 
Battle  of  the  Lys. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  in  the  Foret  de  Holthust  on  April  4  by  the  1st  I^andwehr 
Di\Tsion,  and  marched  via  Amersveld  to  Cortemarch,  where  it  entrained  and  arrived 
at  Courtrai  on  April  5.  It  left  Courtrai  on  the  8th  and  marched  toward  Armentieres. 
On  the  10th  the  division  followed  up  the  German  advance  in  support  of  an  assault 
division,  and  on  the  11th  came  into  action  north  of  Armentieres.  Losses  Avere  severe 
and  the  division  retired  about  April  13  to  rest.  It  returned  in  the  Ploegsteert  area 
on  April  17  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Roulers  area.  On  May  11,  the  diA-ision  came 
back  to  line  for  the  third  time  north  of  Hinges. 

2.  It  was  withdrawn  about  May  25,  rested  behind  the  front  until  June  11,  when 
it  relieved  the  235th  Division  northwest  of  Bethune,  which  sector  it  held  until  about 
June  22. 

Lens. 

3.  On  June  26  the  division  entered  line  in  Artois  area,  southeast  of  Loos.  It  held 
this  quiet  sector  until  October  2. 

Belgium. 

4.  On  the  night  of  October  4-5  the  division  relieved  the  16th  Bavarian  Division 
southwest  of  Roulers.  From  then  until  about  November  4,  the  division  fought 
first  in  the  Roulers  area,  and  after  October  15,  at  Thielt  (17th),  Deynze  (26th),  Ecke 
(Nov.  2).     It  was  withdrawn  from  line  about  November  4  and  did  not  reenter. 

VALUE — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  heavily  engaged  on  the  Lys  in  the 
spring  without  achieving  much  success.  Thereafter  the  division  was  employed  on 
the  defensive. 


DIVISIOls'S  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.    425 


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42G      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 

HISTORY. 

(20th  Corps  District — East  Pnissia.) 

1914. 

Upon  mobOization,  the  37th  Di\Tsi(in,  -with  the  41st  Division,  formed  the  20th 
Army  Corps  (Allenstein). 

Russia. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  the  war  the  37th  Division  was  engaged  on  the  Eastern  Front. 
It  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Tannenberg  at  the  end  of  August,  in  the  attempt  against 
Warsaw  in  October,  and  in  the  battles  on  the  Rawka  during  the  ^rinte^  of  1911  and 
1915. 

1915. 
Russi.\. 

1.  In  April,  1915,  the  37th  Division  was  on  the  Narew.  In  May  it  ceded  the  146th 
Infantr\'  Regiment  to  the  101st  Division,  a  new  formation.  The  battles  lasted  until 
the  end  of  July  on  the  Narew,  which  was  crossed  on  the  31st.  The  division  was  at 
Bielostok  at  the  end  of  August,  and  entered  Grodno  on  September  2. 

2.  In  the  course  of  September,  it  advanced  from  Niemen  to  the  Berezina,  and  in 
October  it  occupied  a  sector  in  the  A-icinity  of  Dvinsk  (Lake  Sventen)  on  the  stabi- 
lized front.  It  remained  there  until  its  departure  for  the  Western  Front  in  December, 
1910. 

1916. 

1.  One  of  its  regiments,  the  150th  Infantry  Regiment,  was  temporarily  detached 
at  the  time  of  the  Russian  offensive  of  1916  on  the  Stokhod  and  then  made  a  part  of 
the  91st  Di^dsion. 

Fr.\nce. 

2.  After  taking  part  in  the  terrible  battles  on  the  Stokhod,  in  the  course  of  which 
it  suffered  enormous  losses,  the  150th  Infantry  Regiment  was  transferred  to  Galicia 
at  the  end  of  September,  1916,  and  then  returned  to  the  37th  Di\-ision.  The  division 
was  sent  to  the  Western  Front  on  December  10,  1916.  Itinerarj-:  Cracow-Breslau- 
Dresden-Leipzig-Nuremburg-Karlsruhe-Rastatt-Strassburg-Colmar-Xeu  Broisach. 

1917. 
Upper  Als.\ce. 

1.  Regrouped  with  its  three  regiments  in  Tapper  Alsace  (\-icinity  of  Ferrette')  at 
the  end  of  1916,  the  37th  Division  spent  some  time  at  rest  and,  in  the  middle  of 
January,  1917,  went  into  line  in  the  sector  which  extends  from  Niederlarg  to  the  Swiss 
frontier. 

The  division  occupied  this  sector  until  the  month  of  ^lay. 

2.  About  May  1  it  was  relieved,  entrained  south  of  Mulhouse  and  sent  to  Charleville 
by  way  of  Strassburg,  Sarrebruecken,  and  Sedan,  from  which  place  it  went  to  the 
vicinity  of  Gizy  (6  kilometers  from  Sissonne). 

AlSNE. 

3.  After  a  week's  rest,  it  went  into  line  on  the  Aisne  at  the  Chemins  des  Dames, 
in  the  sector  of  Courtecon,  which  it  occupied  until  the  end  of  July. 

4.  During  these  two  months  (May  25  to  the  end  of  July),  the  37th  Division  did  not 
play  an  important  role.  However,  units  of  the  division  carried  out  several  local 
operations  in  the  course  of  this  period.  On  July  11,  units  from  the  three  regimenta 
aided  by  the  assault  troops  of  the  5th  Assault  Battalion,  succeeded,  at  the  expense 
of  very  heavy  losses,  in  reducing  a  salient  near  the  Cerny  sugar  refinery. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     427 

St.  Gobain. 

5.  On  July  31  the  37th  Divdsion  was  relieved,  and  about  August  3  went  into  line  in 
the  St.  Gobain  sector  (in  front  of  Coucy  le  Chateau)  which  it  occupied  until  the  end 
of  November.  On  October  23  it  suffered  losses  (Mont  des  f-'inges)  from  our  bom- 
bardments. On  the  24th  the  division  withdrew  its  units  across  the  canal  and  occupied 
the  sector  included  between  the  Brancourt-Quincy  road  and  Anizy. 

RECRUITING. 

• 
The  37th  Dt\Tfiion  is  recruited  from  East  and  West  Piussia.  During  its  stay  on  the 
Eastern  Front  it  contained  a  large  number  of  Alsace-Lorrainers.  Because  of  its 
circumscribed  territorial  extent,  the  37th  Division  contains  an  admixture  of  elements 
coming  from  other  districts  (5th  and  Cith  Corps  Districts  among  others).  Nevertheless. 
and  in  spite  of  their  official  designations  (from  Moravia,  from  Ermeland),  its  regiments 
are  called  'East  Prussian"  in  the  German  communique  of  July  15,  1917. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

On  July  14  and  15,  1917,  the  37th  Di\'ision  attacked  with  great  energ}'.     At  that 
time,  it  seemed  to  be  of  good  quality  and  of  high  morale.     However,  according  to 
statements  of  prisoners  of  the  151st  Infantr>'  Regiment  made  in  September,  October, 
and  November,  the  morale  appears  to  have  weakened  (Jan.  18,  1918). 
Laon. 

1.  During  January  and  early  February  the  37th  Division  and  the  14th  Reserve 
Division  relieved  each  other  in  the  St.  Gobain  sector  (north  of  Soissons).  It  seems 
probable  (though  the  fact  has  never  been  proved)  that  during  one  of  its  periods  out 
of  line,  the  37th  Di\-ision  was  given  a  course  of  training  in  open  warfare.  On  Februarj' 
20,  the  37th  relieved  the  14th  Reser\'e  in  the  same  sector,  and  it  was  in  turn  relieved 
by  the  14th  Reserve  about  the  9th  of  March. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  On  March  21  the  division  reinforced  the  front  near  Benay  (south  of  St.  Quentin) 
attacking  with  such  dash  that  it  received  special  mention  by  Prof.  Wegener  in  the 
Koelnische  Zeitung.     It  was  withdrawn  on  the  30th. 

3.  The  di\Tsion  rested  for  a  few  days  between  Champs  and  Folembray  (north  of 
Soissons),  and  then  entered  line  north  of  Thiescourt  (west  of  Noyon)  on  the  9th  of 
April.  It  was  withdrawn  about  the  20th,  and  went  to  rest  and  refit  in  the  area 
southeast  of  Avesnes. 

AlSNE. 

4.  On  May  27,  the  first  day  of  the  battle  of  the  Aisne,  the  division  attacked  near 
Presles  (south  of  Laon),  and  advanced  via  Braine  (the  28th)  as  far  as  the  Troesnes- 
Longpont  sector  (east  of  Villers  Cotterets).  It  was  relieved  by  the  115th  Div-ision  on 
the  4th  of  June,  and  went  to  the  area  northeast  of  Braine  to  rest  and  to  be  thoroughly 
trained. 

Marne. 

5.  It  set  out  the  evening  of  the  12th  of  July,  and  in  two  night  marches,  reached  its 
point  of  assembly  in  the  woods  north  of  Vemeuil  (northeast  of  Dormans).  It  was 
planned  that  the  37th  with  three  other  divisions,  forming  the  v.  Conta  Group,  should 
"leap-frog"  the  divisions  in  line,  and  to  sweep  up  the  valley  of  the  Marne,  beginning 
with  the  line  Vincelles-Antheney  and  ending  at  a  line  passing  north  of  Avenay  and 
north  of  Moslins.  It  was  thought  that  this  movement,  combined  with  the  push  of  the 
units  to  the  east  of  Rheims,  would  result  in  the  fall  of  that  city  and  also  of  the  Mon- 
tague de  Rheims  to  the  south.  The  div-ision  attacked  on  the  15th,  crossed  the  Marne, 
reached  the  Bois  du  Chataignier  (south  of  Mareuil-east  of  Dormans);  and  was  stopped 


428      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAlSr  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

there.  It  delivered  its  last  counterattack  on  the  19th,  and  the  order  having  been 
given,  crossed  the  Mame,  and  continued  its  retreat  toward  the  north.  It  was  iden- 
tified by  prisoners  for  the  last  time  on  the  28th  in  the  vicinity  of  Champvoisy  (north 
of  Dormans).  It  then  went  to  the  ('harleville  area  to  rest  and  refit;  the  10th  Land- 
wehr  I)i\'ision  having  been  disbanded,  the  372d  Regiment  was  drafted  to  the  regiments 
of  the  37  th  Divdsion. 
Verdun. 

6.  During  the  night  of  the  12th-13th  of  .\ugust,  it  relieved  the  23l8t  Division  to 
the  north  of  Avocourt  (north  of  Verdun).  It  was  relieved  by  the  117th  Division  about 
the  20th  of  September,  and  moved  to  the  vicinity  of  Billy  (south  of  Longuyon,)  where 
it  rested  for  about  a  week. 

Argonne. 

7.  On  Septemljer  2G,  it  reinforced  the  117th  Division  near  Montfaucon,  where  they 
counterattacked  the  same  day.     It  was  heavily  engaged  until  withdrawn  October  1. 

8.  It  moved  some  kilometres  to  the  west,  in  the  vicinity  of  Exermout,  in  anticipa- 
tion of  the  American  attack  of  October  4,  and  came  into  line  in  that  region  on  the  5th. 
It  was  engaged  in  a  number  of  minor  actions,  that  proved  quite  costly;  its  losses  in 
prisoners  alone  was  9G2.  It  was  withdrawn  on  the  18th,  and  went  to  rest  near  Verpel 
(northeast  of  Grandpre). 

9.  On  November  9,  the  division  came  back  into  line  near  Abaucourt  (northeast  of 
Verdun);  it  had  not  been  withdrawn  on  the  11th. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  37th  has  always  been  considered  a  first-class  shock  division.  It  did  very  well 
in  the  offensives  in  which  it  took  part  (Somme,  Aisne,  Mame),  and  one  of  its  regiments, 
the  147th,  "The  Marshal  von  Uindenburg  Regiment"  was  particularly  mentioned  in 
the  German  Communique  for  its  work  on  October  10.  It  suffered  such  heavy  losses 
throughout  the  year  that,  despite  numerous  large  drafts  of  replacements,  the  regiments 
were  reduced  to  four  companies  of  80  men  each  at  the  end  of  the  war. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     429 


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430      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAB. 

HISTORY. 

(11th  Corps  District — Thuringian  States.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1.  At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  38th  Division,  forming  the  11th  Army  Corps  with 
the  22d  Division,  belonged  to  the  3d  Army  (Von  IIausen\  -which  went  through  the 
Belgian  Ardennes.     It  halted  in  front  of  Namur  until  the  surrender  of  this  place. 

East  Prussia-Poland. 

2.  In  consequence  of  the  invasion  of  East  Prussia,  the  38th  Division  as  well  as  the 
22d  Division,  left  Belgium  about  August  27.  Going  by  way  of  Aix  la  Chapelle,  it 
detrained  in  East  Prussia,  where  it  fought  from  September  9  to  11.  From  that  place 
it  was  taken  to  the  southern  part  of  Poland  (Pinczow,  Sept.  28;  Opatow,  Oct.  4). 
The  enveloping  movement  of  the  Russians  obliged  it  to  retire  from  the  Lodz  front  with 
thearmygroup  to  which  it  was  attached.  Itwasassigne<l  to  the  9th  Army(Mackensen) 
in  November  and  to  the  10th  Army  in  December. 

3.  During  the  \vinter  of  1914  and  1915  it  took  part  in  several  important  engagements 
on  the  Bzura  and  the  Ilawka,  as  well  as  on  the  Pilica. 

1915. 
Poland. 

1.  Returning  to  the  9th  iVrmy  (Von  Fabeck),  at  the  beginning  of  1915,  the  38th 
Division  fought  in  the  vicinity  of  Pi.ava,  on  March  6  and  7.  It  was  then  separated 
from  the  22d  Di-vision  and  rejoined  the  army  detachment  of  Von  Gallitz,  north  of 
Warsaw.  In  May  it  transferred  the  71st  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  103d  Di\'ision,  a 
new  formation. 

2.  During  the  summer  offensive  it  took  part  in  numerous  battles  from  July  13  to 
September  19,  advanced  to  the  southeast  of  Bielostok,  reached  the  Svislotch  on  Sep- 
tember 1  and  marched  beyond  this  until  September  19. 

France. 

3.  At  the  end  of  September  the  38th  Division  was  concentrated  in  the  A-icinity  of 
Grodno  and  entrained  for  France  on  September  25.  (Itinerary:  Lyck-Graudenz- 
Berlin-Hanover-Minden-Cologne-Aix  la  Chapelle-Liege-Xamur-Douai.)  Detraining 
on  October  1,  it  completed  its  reorganization.  Between  August  30  and  October  8 
the  5th  Company  of  the  94th  Infantry  Regiment  had  received  not  less  than  161  men 
as  replacements. 

OlSE. 

4.  Sent  to  the  south  of  the  Oise,  the  38th  Division  went  into  line  in  the  sector  of 
Tracy  le  Val.,  which  it  held  until  the  beginning  of  May,  191G,  without  any  serious 
engagements. 

191G. 
Verdun  . 

1.  On  May  11,  1916,  the  di\'ision  entrained  at  Tergnier  and  was  transferred  to  the 
Verdun  front. 

2.  On  May  13  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Hill  301,  which  it  did  not  leave  until  October 
10,  seriously  Aveakene<l  by  the  battles  which  it  had  sustained  for  five  months  (losses, 
52  per  cent  of  the  infantry')- 

SOMME. 

3.  Sent  to  the  Somme  on  October  12,  it  went  into  action  on  October  12;  it  went 
into  action  on  October  22  at  Thiepval-Grandcourt,  and  remained  there  only  three 
weeks,  because  of  the  severe  losses  which  it  suffered. 


DlVISIOISrS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     431 

Flanders. 

4.  It  left  the  front  on  November  13  to  go  to  rest  and  to  be  reorganized  on  the  coast 
of  Flanders,  between  Ostend  and  the  Dutch  frontier. 

5.  On  December  19  it  was  brought  back  to  the  Somme. 

1917. 
Somme. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  elements  of  the  division  were  sent  as  reenforcements  north  of 
Courcelette  and  southwest  of  Serre. 

2.  On  January  17  the  entire  38th  Division  went  into  line  in  the  vicinity  of  Puisieux- 
H6buteme,  where  it  was  relieved  about  March  8  without  any  serious  losses. 

3.  On  March  17  the  division  replaced  the  4th  Guard  Di\asion  near  Beugny  Bertin- 
court,  which  had  lost  heavily  at  the  beginning  of  its  retirement  to  the  Ilindenburg 
Line,  and  the  38th  Division  itself  continued  to  M-ithdraw  by  way  of  Beaimaetz  and 
Doignies.  It  took  up  its  position  between  Demicourt  and  Boursies,  west  of  Cambrai, 
and  remained  there  until  the  end  of  April. 

Artois. 

4.  After  a  period  of  rest  in  the  Cambrai-Douai  area  during  the  first  half  of  May, 
the  38th  Division  took  over  the  sector  east  of  Arras  (north  of  the  Scarpe),  on  May  16. 
It  left  this  front  on  May  31,  after  having  been  greatly  weakened  on  the  16th,  during 
the  counterattacks  on  the  \'illage  of  Rouex  (800  men  were  sent  to  make  up  these 
losses  from  the  dissolved  624th  Infantry  Regiment). 

Flanders. 

5.  The  division  remained  at  rest  at  Douai,  until  June  8;  at  this  time,  it  was  trans- 
ferred to  the  vicinity  of  Gheluwe  and  sent  into  reserve  to  reenforce  finally  the  Messinea 
front. 

6.  On  July  27,  before  the  British  attack,  the  38th  Division  went  into  line  east  of 
Ypres  (Ilooge).  It  suffered  heavy  losses  on  July  31,  the  day  of  the  attack,  and  also 
the  three  days  preceding. 

7.  Relieved  on  August  1,  it  was  sent  to  Antwerp  for  rest  and  reorganization  (August). 
Artois. 

8.  On  September  2,  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Monchy  le  Preux,  south  of  the  Scarpe, 
where  it  again  lost  heavily  from  artillery  fire. 

Flanders. 

9.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  on  November  2,  the  38th  Division  after  a  week's  rest 
in  the  vicinity  of  Douai,  again  took  over  the  lines  north  of  Ypres  (Staden)  from  Novem- 
ber 19  to  November  25,  then  north  of  Passchendaele  where  on  December  3,  a  British 
attack  inflicted  hea\'y  losses  upon  it. 

10.  The  division  was  relieved  on  November  19  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of 
Bruges. 

RECRUITING. 

The  38th  Division  is  recruited  from  the  small  Thuringian  States.  At  the  beginning 
of  1917,  it  included  a  rather  large  number  of  men  from  Baden,  almost  all  of  whom  have 
been  withdrawn. 

VALUE — 1917  estimate. 

The  38th  Division  is  a  good  division. 

As  a  rule  it  gave  a  good  account  of  itself  in  the  numerous  battles  in  which  it  took 
part.  On  June  13,  1916,  however,  at  the  Mort  Homme,  the  94th  Infantry  Regiment 
is  said  to  have  refused  to  go  over  the  top  (letter). 

The  heavy  losses  which  it  suffered  at  the  end  of  1917  in  the  course  of  the  attack 
upon  Ypres,  were  made  up  by  the  replacements  composed,  for  the  most  part,  of  the 
1918  class. 

This  element  did  not  have  a  good  effect  upon  the  morale  of  the;  division. 


432      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1918. 
Battle  of  the  Lys. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  Passchendaele  area  until  its  relief  by  the  58th  Division 
about  April  5.  It  rested  in  the  Lille  area  until  the  night  of  April  15-16  when  it  entered 
the  line  at  Meteren  to  reenforce  the  battle  line.    It  was  withdrawn  about  May  8. 

2.  The  division  rested  at  Provin  after  May  12.  It  entered  line  north  of  Givenchy 
on  May  21  and  held  that  sector  until  July  5,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  1st  Guard 
Reserve  Division.  It  rested  at  Lille  until  August  6,  when  it  was  alerted  and  railed 
to  Cambrai,  remaining  there  until  August  9.  The  division  moved  from  Cambrai  by 
motor  trucks  on  August  10  and  came  into  line  on  the  battle  front  near  Lihons  on  the 
same  day. 

SOMME. 

3.  Until  September  22,  the  division  was  engaged  in  resisting  the  allied  advance. 
It  held  a  sector  south  of  Chaulnes  un(il  August  20,  when  it  retired  to  the  St.  Christ 
area  (22d).  After  the  8th  of  September  the  division  was  falling  back  in  a  northeasterly 
direction  by  Peronne  toward  Le  Catelet.  It  was  withdrawn  from  line  near  Hargico\u-t 
on  September  22. 

Cambrai. 

4.  After  a  rest  of  only  one  week,  the  division  was  brought  back  to  reenforce  the 
Cambrai  battle  front  at  Rumilly  (Oct.  1).  It  was  heavily  engaged  until  October  16 
when  it  went  to  reserve  in  the  Cambrai  area.  Since  August  11  the  division  had  lost 
more  than  2,000  prisoners. 

Belgium. 

5.  On  October  29,  the  division  returned  to  line  northeast  of  Roubaix.  It  remained 
in  line  until  the  armistice.    The  last  identification  was  at  Renaix  on  November  8. 

VALUE — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  Its  worth  as  a  defensive  division  was  proved 
by  the  extent  to  which  it  was  used  in  the  last  three  months  of  the  wax. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     433 


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434      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(38th  Landwehr  Division:  10th  Corps  District-^Hanover.) 

1914. 

The  grouping  of  the  38th  Landwehr  Brigade  (77th  and  78th  Landwehr  Regiments) 
and  of  a  mixed  regiment,  79th  Reserve  Infantrj'  Regiment,  formed  the  38th  Landwehr 
Division  in  April,  11)17. 

1.  The  3Sth  Landwehr  Brigade  remained  independent  until  it  was  assigned  to  tlie 
38th  Landwehr  Division. 

Flanders. 

2.  Arriving  at  Li6ge  on  October  21,  1914,  the  38th  Brigade  remained  there  alwut 
two  months.  Transferred  to  Flanders  on  October  27,  it  held  the  sector  north  of  the 
Passchendaele  Canal  (Nieuport)  until  the  beginning  of  November. 

3.  After  occupying  the  front  of  Ypres  near  Becelaere,  the  brigade  came  into  line 
before  Passchendaele  at  the  end  of  December. 

1915. 

Flanders. 

1.  In  April,  1915,  the  38th  Landwehr  I5rigade  took  part  in  the  second  battle  of 
Ypres  near  Zonnebeke. 

2.  On  May  18  it  was  transferred  from  Roulers  to  La  Bassee  (Festubert)  to  reenforce 
the  7th  Army  Corps. 

3.  After  a  rest  at  Lille  it  went  into  line  south  of  the  Lys  (Frelinghien-Houplines) 
at  the  end  of  August. 

1916. 
Artois. 

1.  Relieved  from  the  north  of  Armentieres  in  March,  1916,  the  38th  Landwehr 
Brigade  was  sent  south  of  Arras  (sector  Wailly-Blaireville). 

'Flanders. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  September  it  returned  to  the  Armentieres  front  (from  the 
Armentiferes-Lille  railroad  to  Aubers).     It  occupied  this  sector  for  a  year  and  a  half. 

1917. 

1.    In  1917  sector  south  of  Armentieres. 

In  April,  1917,  the  38th  Landwehr  Brigade  was  transformed  into  the  3Sth  Landwehr 
Division  by  the  addition  of  a  third  regiment,  the  79th  Reserve-8")th  Landwehr,  a 
composite  regiment  (1st  and  2d  Battalions  of  the  85th  Landwehr  Regiment,  four 
companies  of  the  79th  Reserve  Regiment,  the  eight  others  having  entered  into  the 
composition  of  the  440th  Reserve  Regiment  of  the  183d  Division). 

VALUE 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  38th  Landwehr  Division,  formed  of  fairly  old  men,  constitutes  an  organization 
of  the  third  class.  It  held  an  honorable  position  in  the  battles  of  Ypres  in  1914  and 
1915,  but,  as  a  rule,  its  role  Avas  limited  to  occupying  calm  sectors.  (Belgian  Simi- 
mary  of  Information,  February,  1918, 

1918. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  38th  Landwehr  Division  was  relieved  on  January  16  in  the  sector  south  of 
Armentieres  by  the  187th  Division  and  went  to  rest  in  the  region  east  of  Bruges. 

2.  After  a  week's  rest  it  relieved  the  8th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  north  of 
Dixmude  on  January  22.    It  was  relieved  by  the  214th  Division  on  February  20. 


Divisioisrs  or  German  army  which  participated  iist  war.    435 

3.  On  March  3  it  relieved  the  2d  Naval  Division  east  of  Ramscappelle  (north  of 
Bruges)  in  the  sector  just  north  of  the  one  it  previously  occupied. 

4.  About  the  10th  of  May  the  division  side  slipped  toward  the  south,  and  in  so  doing 
relieved  the  19th  Reserve  Division. 

5.  About  the  middle  of  October  it  side  slipped  southward.  It  was  still  in  line  on 
the  11th  of  November,  although  it  was  forced  with  the  rest  of  the  German  line  in 
Flanders,  to  withdraw  considerably. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  38th  Landwehr  is  rated  as  a  fourth-class  di\'ision.  It  could  be  and  was  used 
only  to  hold  a  quiet  sector.  Most  of  the  men  were  nearly  40  years  of  age,  and  so  it 
was  found  necessary  to  have  a  divisional  "  Stosstrupp  "  for  purposes  of  patroling. 

On  November  1  the  Franco- American  forces  in  Belgium  started  an  offensive  in 
conjunction  %\'ith  the  British  2d  Army  farther  to  the  south.  On  the  same  day,  accord- 
ing to  the  Belgium  communique,  "  The  Belgian  i\jmy  carried  out  successful  minor 
operations  along  the  drainage  canal,"  and  the  German  communique  said,  "The  57th 
(13th  Reserve  Di-v-ision)  and  the  79th  Reserve  (38th  Landwehr  Division)  Infantry 
Regiments  distinguished  themselves  in  the  course  of  this  fighting." 


436      DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAKTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     437 

HISTORY. 
(15th  Corps  District — Alsace.) 

1914. 
Alsace  and  the  Vosges. 

1.  Upon  mobilization,  the  39th  Di\'ision  and  the  30th  Division  formed  the  5th 
Army  Corps  (Strassburg). 

At  the  beginning  of  the  campaign  the  39th  Di\dsion  was  a  part  of  the  7th  iVrmy 
(Von  Herringen).  In  the  first  days  of  August  it  fought  in  the  pp^s  of  the  Bonhomme. 
On  the  9th  it  went  into  Cernay  and  Mulhouse  and  was  transferred  to  Dabo  (Vosges) 
on  October  19.  On  August  20  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Albreschwiller  and  crossed 
the  frontier  on  the  31st.  It  advanced  to  a  point  between  the  Meurthe  and  the  Mor- 
tagne  and  then  retreated  fighting. 

Champagne. 

2.  Entraining  on  September  9,  it  was  transferred  to  the  northwest  of  Rheims,  where 
it  fought  between  Craonne  and  Ailles  until  October. 

Flanders. 

3.  At  the  end  of  October  it  became  a  ])art  of  the  Cth  Army  (Crown  Prince  of  Bavaria), 
of  which  the  15th  Army  Corps  formed  the  right  wing  (north  of  Lille)  until  the  sum- 
mer of  1915. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1 .  Before  our  attacks  of  1915  it  was  attached  to  the  4th  Army  (Duke  of  Wurttemberg), 
south  of  Ypres.  At  this  time  the  15th  Army  Corps  became  the  left  wing  of  the  4th 
Army.  In  April  the  39th  Division  gave  the  171st  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  115th 
Division,  a  new  formation. 

2.  The  39th  Division  was  retained  in  the  vicinity  of  Ypres  until  the  month  of 
February,  191G.  One  of  its  regiments,  the  172d  Infantry  Pvcgiment,  suffered  heavy 
losses  there  on  September  25  (its  8th  Company  received  at  least  111  men  as  replace- 
ments between  September  28  and  October  IG). 

1916. 
Verdun. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  1916  various  elements  of  the  15th  Army  Corps  were  trans- 
ferred to  the  vicinity  of  Verdun  and  concentrated  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse, 
in  the  area  Piennes-Etain-Ornel-Senon. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  the  German  offensive  on  February  24,  the  39th  Division 
suffered  relatively  few  losses,  the  battle  being  less  intense  in  the  WoevTc.  But 
little  by  little  all  its  units  were  engaged.  On  March  8,  the  132d  Infantry  Regiment 
took  part  in  the  attacks  upon  Douaumont,  and  on  the  18th  upon  the  Caillette  wood. 
Its  losses  were  enormous.  On  July  11  the  126th  Infantry  Regiment  was  in  action 
with  two  regiments  of  the  30th  Division.  Almost  all  its  battalions  went  successively 
to  the  active  sectors  in  the  vicinity  of  Vaux  (Aug.  18).  At  Verdun  the  di\dsion  lost 
69  per  cent  of  its  infantry. 

SoMME. 

3.  On  October  20  the  39th  Division  was  relieved  from  the  Verdun  front  and  trans- 
ferred to  the  Somme.  On  the  29th  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Sailly  Sailliscl.  In  the 
attack  of  Sailly  Saillisel  by  the  French  troops  the  three  regiments  of  the  division 
were  all  put  into  line  simultaneously  and  acted  especially  with  the  assault  trooiw. 
In  these  battles  the  losses  of  the  division  were  very  great  (an  average  of  80  men  per 
company).  In  the  12Gth  Infantry  Regiment,  the  4th  Company  received  at  least 
82  men  as  replacements  between  November  16  and  23;  the  3d  Company,  10!i  men. 


438      DIYISIOXS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

Verdvn". 

4.  Withdrawn  from  the  Sonune.  about  Xovember  11,  the  39th  I>i\Tsion  was  again 
sent  to  Verdun.  Between  December  ?  and  December  12  it  went  into  the  sector 
between  the  Louvemont  road  and  the  Chaufour  wood  and  there  sustained  our  attack 
of  December  15.  It  was  relieved  on  the  20th.  ver^'  much  exhausted,  and  went  for 
reorganization  near  Youziers. 

1917. 
Argokne. 

1.  About  Januarj'  10,  1917,  the  di^•ision  went  into  line  in  the  sector  of  Ville  sur 
Tourbe  (Argonne).     It  was  withdrawn  at  the  beginning  of  March.     In  the  course  of 
this  month,  it  was  engaged  in  Champagne,  in  the  attack  of  March  27  at  Cemay  en 
Dormois.     It  remained  in  the  sector  of  Massiges  until  the  beginning  of  Mar. 
Champ.vgxe. 

2.  It  then  went  to  the  A-icinitA-  of  Rheims  fLoiATe-Berr\-  au  Bac  sector)  from  May  11 
to  the  beginning  of  July. 

Abtois. 

3.  Sent  to  rest  near  .\=feld.  it  then  went  into  line  west  of  Fontaine  les  CroisUles 
(middle  of  July).  Withdrawn  from  the  Arras  front,  it  occupied  the  Loos  sector  in 
September. 

Flaxdebs. 

4.  At  the  end  of  October,  it  went  to  Flanders.  Passchendaele  sector,  then  Becelaere 
sector. 

Ajktois. 

5.  At  the  end  of  November,  it  was  again  in  Artois,  north  of  La  Bassee  Canal,  a  posi- 
tion which  it  was  still  occupjing  February-.  1918. 

RECRUmXG. 

The  ITlst  and  172d  Infantry-  Regiments  are  recruited  in  the  Rhine  District,  in  the 
widest  sense  of  the  word  (Grand  Duchy  of  Baden,  Rhenish  Hesse,  Rhine  ProAdnce), 
and  from  Westphalia. 

The  126th  Infantry-  Regiment,  in  Alsace  since  1871.  represents  the  participation 
of  Wurttemberg  in  the  guard  of  the  Reichsland.  Besides  its  maintenance  by  the 
younger  recruiting  classes,  at  the  end  of  1916  it  took  some  of  the  best  elements  from 
the  123d,  125th,  and  126th  Landwehr  Regiments  young  Landsturm  classes,  then 
ha\-ing  at  least  20  to  22  months  of  ser\-ice). 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

In  spite  of  its  relatively  high  losses,  the  39th  DiA-ision  did  well  on  the  Somme 
(October  to  November,  1916).  During  its  second  engagement  at  Verdun,  the  Di%-ision 
was  much  less  brilliant.    Its  resistance  was  weak  (December,  1916'*. 

1918. 
La  Bassee. 

1.  During  the  night  of  February-  25-26  the  39th  Di\-ision  was  relieved  by  the  44th 
Reser\-e  DiA-ision  and  went  to  rest  near  Sequedin  (west  of  Lille),  where  it  is  presumed 
to  have  been  trained  in  open  warfare. 

PiCARDT. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  March,  when  the  Germans  were  concentrating  their  reserves 
on  the  Cambrai-St.  Quentin  front,  the  39th  DiA-ision  left  the  Lille  area  for  the  Cambrai 
front.  On  the  21st  of  ilarch.  when  the  initial  attack  was  delivered ,  the  39th  DiA-ision 
was  in  reserve  to  the  20th  DiATsion  and  only  came  into  action  on  the  evening  of  that 
day,  at  Beaumetz  (west  of  Cambrai).  Encountering  fighting  of  the  severest  kind,  the 
division  had  to  be  withdrawn  to  reserv^e  by  the  evening  of  the  23d. 


DIYISIOXS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAE.     439 

3.  The  di\-ision  reappeared  in  line  on  the  2Sth  and  continued  to  make  slow  progress 
until  it  reached  the  area  south  of  Hebuteme  (west  of  Bapaume).  It  was  relieved  on 
the  6th  of  April  by  the  26th  Di^-i3ion  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Cambrai  area. 

Lys. 

4.  It  left  this  area  about  the  12th  and  marched  by  stages  to  the  Lys  battle  front. 
arri\-ing  on  the  17th  in  the  Estaires  area  (west  of  Lille).  The  German  attacks  in  this 
area  had  been  successfully  held  up  by  the  British  by  this  time  and  the  division  was 
not  immediately  required.  On  the  30th  it  came  into  line  northwest  of  Mer\-ille  (west 
of  Lille)  and  relieved  the  12th  Keserve  Di\-ision  The  di\-ision  was  not  hea\-ily 
engaged  in  this  sector;  it  was  relieved  by  the  44th  Reserve  Division  on  May  26  and 
went  to  rest  in  the  \-icinity  of  Lille. 

5.  On  the  3d  of  July  it  relieved  the  4Sth  Reserve  Di^•ision  in  the  Vieux  Berquin 
sector  (east  of  Hazebrouck ) .  and  was  relieved  by  the  187th  Di\-i3ion  during  the  night 
of  July  13-14.  It  went  to  the  Haubourddin  area  (southwest  of  Lille)  and  there 
received  training  as  an  assault  di\-ision. 

Arras. 

6.  During  the  night  of  August  2-3  it  relieved  the  ISoth  Di^■ision  south  of  Xeu\-ille- 
Vitasse  Tsouth  of  Arras).  In  the  hea\->-  fighting  that  followed  the  division  lost  over 
1,300  prisoners  and  was  driven  back  as  far  as  Cheris)-.  where  it  was  withdrawn  on  the 
30th  and  went  to  rest  near  Aniches  I'east  of  Douai). 

Cambrai. 

7.  On  September  18  the  division  reenforced  the  front  near  Ecourt-St.  Quentin 
(northwest  of  Cambrai).  It  was  driven  back  as  far  as  Palluel,  where  it  was  relieved 
by  the  58th  Di\-ision  on  the  2Sth. 

Ypres. 

9.  The  di^-i3ion  entrained  at  Roiilers  and  detrained  at  Menin,  entering  line  east  of 
Gheluvelt  (north  of  Menin)  all  on  the  same  day.  About  the  25th  of  October  it  was 
withdrawn  from  line  near  Vichte  (east  of  Courtrai)  to  which  point  it  had  been  driven 
back.     It  rested  then  for  about  a  week  in  the  region  of  Audenarde. 

10.  During  the  night  of  October  31-Xovember  1  the  di\-ision  relieved  the  23d 
Resen-e  DiATsion  in  the  Xukerke  sector  (south  of  Audenarde  > :  it  was  identified  in  line 
there  on  the  9th  and  was  probably  still  there  on  the  11th. 

VALrE — 191S  ESTIMATE. 

The  39th  is  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  With  the  exception  of  a  statement  in 
the  German  commimique  of  October  2,  that  the  132d  Regiment  had  displayed  "  unusual 
fighting  abUit}-"  in  the  operations  north  of  Menin,  there  is  nothing  to  show  that  the 
di\-ision  had  distinguished  itself  in  anv  wav  in  the  fighting  during  1918. 


440      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN"  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     441 

HISTORY. 
(Bavaria.) 

Alsace.  ^^^^• 

1.  The  39th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  "was  formed  in  February,  1915,  on  the 
Alsace  front  in  the  \'icinity  of  Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines.  (See  30th  Bavarian  Reserve 
Division.) 

It  then  comprised  the  52d  Landwehr  Brigade,  consisting  of  the  80th  Landwehr 
Regiment  and  29th  Ersatz  Regiment  (since  become  the  61st),  and  the  1st  Bavarian 
Ersatz  Brigade  (81st  Landwehr  Regiment,  3d  and  1st  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiments). 
After  October,  1915,  we  find  tliem  officially  designated  "Bavarian." 

2.  During  1915  and  until  the  beginning  of  November,  191G,  the  39th  Bavarian 
Reserve  Division  occupied  the  sector  included  between  the  Ban  de  Sapt  and  Ste. 
Marie  aux  Mines.  The  elements  of  the  division  took  part  in  several  local  attacks  in 
this  region  (south  of  Lusse  in  February.  1915;  at  La  Fontenelle  in  June  and  July,  1915). 

Alsace.  1916. 

1.  1916  same  sector  of  Alsace  (Ban  de  Sapt  and  Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines). 

2.  In  March,  1916,  the  composition  of  the  39th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  was 
modified — the  81st  Landwehr  Regiment  was  replaced  by  the  15th  Bavarian  Landwehr 
Regiment,  coming  from  the  1st  Bavarian  I>andwehr  Division.  In  July  the  division 
comprised  the  1st  Bavarian  Ersatz  Brigade  (1st  and  3d  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiments) 
and  the  9th  Bavarian  Ersatz  Brigade  (the  15th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Regiment  and 
the  5th  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiment,  the  latter  having  l^een  formed  in  July). 

3.  In  October  the  3d  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiment  was  assigned  to  the  9th  Bavarian 
Reserve  Division  and  the  29th  Ersatz  R.egiment  to  the  223d  Division,  both  being 
new  formations.  From  that  time  on  the  39th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  was  entirely 
Bavarian. 

In  November  the  15th  Bavarian  Landwehr  Regiment  went  over  to  the  30th  Bava- 
rian Reserve  Division,  which  sent  the  2d  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiment  in  its  place  to 
the  39th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division. 

Verdun. 

4.  Relieved  from  its  sector  in  the  Vosges  about  November  6,  1916,  the  39th  Bavarian 
Reserv^e  Divisicm  was  sent  to  the  Verdun  front  in  the  vicinity  of  Vaux.  It  underwent 
the  French  attack  of  December  15,  during  which  certain  of  its  units  (5th  Bavarian 
Ersatz  Regiment)  suffered  heavily.     It  was  withdrawn  on  December  17. 

Alsace.  l^^''- 

1.  In  the  middle  of  January,  1917,  the  39th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  was  sent 
back  to  its  foimer  sectf^r  in  the  vicinity  of  Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines  (Wisembach,  Lusse, 
Provenchferes)  which  it  occupied  from  then  on  without  changing. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

Except  in  December,  1916,  at  Verdun,  the  39th  Bavarian  Reserv^e  Division  has 
always  occupied  the  same  sector  of  the  Vosges.     Its  combat  value  appears  mediocre. 

The  average  age  of  the  men  in  the  1st  and  5th  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiments  is  between 
30  and  40  years  (April  to  July,  1918). 

In  February  and  ]\Iarch,  1918,  all  the  younger  elements  (20  to  26  years)  were  with- 
drawn from  the  diAosion  and  sent  to  active  and  reser^^e  regiments. 

Alsace.  ^^l^. 

1.  The  39th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  was  still  in  its  sector  in  Alsace,  northwest 
of  Ste.  Marie  aux  Mines,  on  the  11th  of  November. 

VALUE 191S  ESTIMATE. 

It  is  rated  as  a  fourth-class  division.  I\Iost  of  the  men  are  old,  the  younger  men 
having  been  combed  out  in  February  and  March  to  be  sent  to  other  organizations, 
and  although  the  companies  are  large — the  average  ration  strength  seems  to  be  200 
men — the  division  has  very  little  combat  value. 


442      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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54  Res.  Pion.  Co. 

40  T.  M.  Co. 

131  Searchlight  Section. 
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DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     443 

HISTORY. 

(19th  Corps  District — Saxony.) 

1914. 
Belgium-Marne 

1.  The  40th  Di^ision  (4th  Saxon)  formed,  with  the  24th  Di\-ision  (2d  Saxon),  the 
19th  Army  Corps,  which,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  was  a  part  of  the  3d  Army  (Von 
Hansen) .  Detraining  north  of  Treves  August  10-12,  the  division  entered  the  north  of 
Luxemburg  on  the  13th,  Belgium  on  the  18th.  It  crossed  the  Meuse  on  the  23d 
above  Dinant,  and  entered  France  by  way  of  Fimiay.  If  fought  on  August  30  at 
Chesnois,  reached  Semide  on  September  1,  Somme  Py  on  September  2,  Chalons  on 
September  4.  On  liaison  with  the  right  wing  of  the  4th  Army,  it  took  part  in  the 
battle  of  the  Marne  west  of  Vitry  le  Francois.  After  the  battle  it  retired  to  Souain. 
Flanders. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  19th  Army  Corps  was  transferred  to  Lille.  It 
belonged  to  the  6th  Army  (Crown  Prince  of  Bavaria).  Attacked  by  the  British 
troops,  it  was  forced  back  upon  the  line  between  Ploegsteert  wood  and  Grenier  wood. 

At  the  end  of  October  the  9th  Company  of  the  107th  Infantry  Regiment  (24th  Divi- 
sion) had  only  38  men  left  (letter). 

1915. 

1.  In  1915  and  until  August  1916  the  two  divisions  of  the  19th  Army  Corps  were 
retained  in  the  zone  of  Ploegsteert  and  Grenier  wood. 

2.  Elements  of  the  40th  Division  were  sent  as  reenforcements  in  the  battles  of 
Neuve  Chapelle  (March  1915),  of  Festubert  (May  to  June  1915)  and  upon  the  occasion 
of  the  Franco-British  offensives  in  Artois  (La  Bassee-Souchez,  June  to  October  1915). 
In  ^larch  1915,  the  40th  Division  was  definitely  reduced  to  three  regiments,  having 
given  the  133d  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  24th  Di\dsion. 

1916. 
Somme. 

1.  On  August  8,  1916,  the  40th  Division  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme  in 
the  region  north  of  Pozi^res.  It  was  in  \nolent  battles  and  was  withdrawn,  very  much 
exhausted. 

Artois. 

2.  At  the  end  of  August,  it  went  from  the  Somme  front  to  the  sector  of  Neuve  Chapelle- 
La  Bass^e  Canal,  where  it  remained  for  six  weeks. 

Somme. 

3.  About  the  middle  of  October,  it  returned  to  the  Somme  (sector  north  of  Le 
Sars-Butte  de  Warlencourt)  for  a  second  period  of  three  weeks  during  which  its 
losses  were  again  very  heavy  (the  total  losses  of  the  40th  DiA-ision  in  August  and 
October  on  the  Somme  were  6,127  men). 

On  October  30,  the  7th  Companj^  of  the  104th  Infantry  Regiment  received  at  least 
75  men  as  replacements  (1917  class)  who  had  had  only  three  months  of  service. 

4.  Relieved  from  the  Somme,  the  Di^^sion  went  into  the  sector  of  St.  Eloi-Messines 
about  November  11. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  left  the  Messines  front  about  March  26,  before  the  beginning  of 
the  British  offensive  at  Arras,  and  remained  at  rest  in  the  area  of  RenaLx. 
Flanders. 

2.  It  returned  to  line  on  April  23  in  the  same  sector,  and  was  subjected  to  the 
artillerj'  preparation  for  the  battle  of  Messines,  which  caused  it  extremely  heavy 
losses.     The  104th  Infantrj^  Regiment  lost  224  men  as  prisoners. 


444      DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

On  June  7,  the  first  day  of  the  attack,  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  and  sent  to 
rest  in  the  ^^cinity  of  Bruges  and  Thielt  until  July  19. 

3.  On  July  22  it  went  into  line  north  of  Ypresin  the  sector  of  Steenstraat-Het-Saa. 
It  suffered  the  bombardment  in  the  attack  of  July  31. 

St.  Quentiv. 

4.  After  a  rest,  in  the  course  of  which  it  was  reorganized,  it  spent  several  weeks 
in  the  sector  of  Itancourt,  in  the  A-icinity  of  St.  Quentin.  During  the  months  of 
August  and  September  it  received  2,300  men  as  replacements.  A  large  number 
came  from  the  Russian  front  (244th  Reser\-e  Infantrj'  Regiment.  350th  Landwehr 
Regiment,  the  19th  Landsturm  Battalion  from  the  garrison  of  Posen;  besides  these, 
Saxons  were  withdrawn  from  the  42Sth  Infantn,-  Regiment  and  the  8th  Landsturm). 

Flanders. 

5.  On  October  12  the  40th  Division  was  transferred  to  Flanders  for  a  second  time. 
From  October  17  to  27  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Langewaade-Zevecoten,  northeast  of 
Bixschoote,  and  there  undersvent  the  attack  of  October  27,  which  again  caused  it 
heavy  losses. 

Russia. 

6.  The  di\'ision  was  then  sent  to  Russia,  where  it  arrived  at  tlie  end  of  November. 
It  was  there  assigned  to  the  10th  Army  and  took  up  its  position  south  of  Smorgoni, 
where  it  still  was  at  the  beginning  of  Januar\%  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  40th  Di\-ision  is  purely  Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  attitude  of  the  division  has  generally  been  passive  (especially  during  the 
attack  of  July  31,  1917,  north  of  Ypres). 

In  the  104th  Infantry  Regiment  (July  22-28)  the  men  scattered  under  fire,  some- 
times with  their  noncommissioned  officers,  and  fled  to  a  distance  of  8  kilometers 
beliind  the  front. 

The  same  thing  happened  for  the  period  October  17-27.  In  the  134th  Infantry 
Regiment,  which  was  considered  the  best  regiment  of  the  division,  one-half  of  the 
6th  Company  left  the  front  line  on  October  24. 

Only  the  assault  detachment  offered  any  energetic  resistance  on  October  27,  1917. 

1918. 
Russia. 

1.  The  40th  Division  was  identified  in  the  region  of  Lake  Xarotch-Xiemen  for  the 
last  time  on  the  loth  of  January.  It  then  went  into  reser\-e  in  the  vicinity  of  Yilna. 
France. 

2.  The  division  was  not  identified  between  the  4th  of  February,  wlien  it  was  stated 
as  being  "on  the  Eastern  front,"  and  the  20th  of  Marcli.  when  it  was  in  Lorraine.  It 
\ery  probably  came  from  the  East  about  the  end  of  February. 

WOEVRE. 

3.  On  April  1.5  it  relieved  the  4th  Bavarian  Di\-ision  near  Regnie\-ille  (west  of 
Pont  k  Mousson).  During  this  time  whenever  units  were  out  of  line  they  were  inten- 
sively trained.  It  was  %vithdrawn  on  June  1 ,  its  place  being  taken  Ijy  the  183d  Division. 
Marne. 

4.  The  division  entrained  at  Jaulny  the  following  day  and  traveled  via  Rember- 
court-Waville-On\-ille-Chambley-Mars  la  Tour-Jarny-Conflans-Montmedy-Sedan- 
Mdziferes-Rethel,  detraining  at  Asfeld  la  Ville  on  the  3d.  On  the  16th  it  relieved 
the  2d  Guard  Division  near  Troesnes.     ThLs  .sectir  was  a  cjuiet  one  until  the  beginning 


DIVISIOiSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     445 

of  the  Allied  counteroffensive  of  July  18.     The  40th  Division  was  caught  in  this  drive 
and  was  driven  northward.     On  the  24th  it  was  relieved  by  the  Bavarian  Ersatz 
Division  and  went  to  rest  near  Oisy  le  Verger  (northwest  of  Cambrai). 
Arras. 

5.  On  the  22d  of  August  the  division  entered  line  near  Courcelles  le  Comte  (south 
of  Arras),  counterattacking  the  same  day.     It  was  ^vithdra^^^l  on  the  31st. 

Ypres. 

6.  After  a  short  rest  near  Roubaix,  it  relieved  the  236th  Division  southeast  of  Ypres 
on  September  10.  After  losing  nearly  1,300  prisoners,  the  division  was  ^vithdrawn 
from  line  near  Wervicq,  October  8,  and  went  to  the  Courtrai  area,  where  it  rested  six 
days. 

7.  On  the  15th  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Gulleghem  (northeast  of  Menin).  It 
was  withdrawn  from  line  in  the  Vichte  sector  (east  of  Courtrai),  about  the  26th. 

8.  On  November  8  the  division  returned  to  line  near  Avelghem  (northeast  of  Rou- 
baix), and  was  still  in  line  on  the  11th. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

Until  1918  the  40th  (Saxon)  Division  had  been  considered  as  being  a  second-class 
unit.  It  was  soon  noticed  that  practically  all  Saxon  troops  were  not  fighting  as  well 
as  before,  and  this  was  particularly  true  of  the  40th  Division,  for  although  its  men 
were  young  and  the  number  of  effectives  high,  it  was  used  in  none  of  the  German 
offensives.     It  must  be  considered  a  third-class  division. 


446      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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448      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(20th  Corps  District — Eastern  portion  of  West  Prussia.) 

1914. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war  the  4l8t  Division  and  tlie  37th  Division  formed  the  20th 
Army  Corps. 

Russia. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  hostilities  the  41st  Division  was  engaged  against  Russia,  first 
in  East  Prussia,  then  in  Poland,  beginning  with  October.  It  was  at  Lodz  at  the  ])egin- 
ning  of  December,  at  Skiernewice  on  the  20th,  and  fought  on  the  Rawka  in  January', 
1915. 

1915. 
Russia. 

1.  In  February',  1915,  transferred  north  of  the  Vistula,  it  operated  until  summer 
between  Prasnysz  and  the  valley  of  Bobr-Narew.  From  there  it  was  taken  to  the  north- 
ern frontier  of  East  Prussia  in  July  and  advanced  as  far  as  Mitau,  from  there  to  Jakob- 
stadt. 

1916. 
Russia. 

1.  Until  October,  1916,  the  division  occupied  the  same  sector  on  tlie  Dvina,  between 
Friedrichstadt  and  Jakobstadt.  It  underwent  a  Russian  offensive  in  March,  1916, 
and  took  part  in  an  attack  on  May  10.     In  these  two  actions  it  siiffered  serious  losses. 

ROUMANIA. 

2.  On  Octo])er  21,  the  41st  Division,  destined  to  take  part  in  the  Roumanian  cam- 
paign, entrained  southeast  of  Friedrichstadt.  traveled  by  vfaj  of  ^fitau,  Grodno, 
Warsaw,  Oppeln,  Budapest,  Temesvar,  and  detrained  on  November  5  at  Pay,  south  of 
Hatszeg.  It  went  into  action  in  the  vicinity  of  Jiu  and  advanced  almost  Avdthout 
fighting.  It  entered  Bucarest  on  December  6.  On  the  7th  it  again  took  up  the  pur- 
suit of  the  Roumanians.  On  reaching  the  Sereth  the  41st  Di\Tsion  encountered  the 
Russians.  It  remained  in  line  until  February  8,  1917.  The  losses  of  the  division, 
slight  in  the  battles  with  the  Roumanians,  were  greater  in  the  Russian  attacks. 

1917. 
France. 

1.  Between  February  8  and  February'  15  the  41st  Division  entrained  at  Zilil^ia 
for  the  Western  Front.  (Itinerary':  Bucarest  -  Salzberg  -  INfunich  -  Ulm  -  Augsburg- 
Thionville.)  It  detrained  in  Lorraine  (Arsweiler,  Ruxweiler,  Audun  le  Roman)  on 
February  20. 

2.  After  a  month  of  rest  and  training  in  lyorraine,  during  which  it  was  reorganized 
(the  148th  Infantry  Regiment  received  600  men  as  replacements),  the  division  went 
into  line,  at  the  beginning  of  May,  at  Bois  le  Pretre. 

3.  Between  ^May  6  and  May  9  it  was  transferred  by  way  of  Sedan  to  Rethel,  from 
which  place  it  marched  to  the  vicinity  of  Sissonne. 

Californie  Plateau. 

4.  Sent  into  line  in  the  sector  of  Hurtebise  for  a  verj'  short  stay  (May  25-26  to  May 
28-29),  it  went  into  action  on  the  2l8t  in  the  vicinity  of  Chevreux.  It  took  part 
there  in  the  attack  of  June  3  upon  Californie  Plateau,  in  the  course  of  which  its  losses 
were  serious  (50  to  60  men  per  company  in  the  152d  Regiment,  heavy  losses  in  the 
148th  Infantrj-^  Regiment). 

5.  The  42d  Division  remained  in  the  sector  of  Chevreux  until  June  25.  About 
July  3  it  went  to  the  east  of  the  Butte  du  Mesnil.  It  remained  in  this  sector,  without 
any  notable  occurrences,  until  the  beginning  of  November. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     449 

Flanders. 

6.  On  November  12  it  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Staden,  Houthulst  wood,  where  it 
alternated  with  the  38th  Di\ision.  Relieved  on  January  14,  1918,  it  went  to  rest  near 
Bruges. 

RECRUITING. 

The  41st  Division  is  recruited  principally  from  West  Prussia.  As  the  region  is  not 
very  large  and  has  a  relatively  small  ])opulation.  the  41st  Division  borrows  from  other 
districts  (especially  the  6th  Corps  District).  It  contained  a  large  number  of  Alsace- 
Lorrainers  diu'ing  its  stay  on  the  Russian  front 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  41st  Division,  coming  from  the  Russo-Roumanian  front,  where  it  had  remained 
until  the  beginning  of  February,  1917,  appears  to  have  only  a  mediocre  military  value. 

In  the  course  of  the  attack  of  June  3,  1917,  on  the  Californie  Plateau,  the  retreat  of 
the  148th  lufantiy  Regiment  was  carried  out  in  a  state  of  extreme  confusion. 

During  its  stay  on  the  Champagne  front  the  41st  Division  showed  no  offensive 
activity.     (July  3-November,  1917.) 

1918. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  41st  Division  was  relieved  in  the  sector  north  of  Ypres  by  the  38th  Division 
toward  the  end  of  January,  and  went  to  rest  near  Bruges.  While  here  the  artillery 
received  now  guns,  and  it  seems  probable  that  the  division  was  put  through  a  course 
of  training. 

2.  During  the  night  of  February  25-26  the  division  relieved  the  2d  Guard  Reserve 
Division  south  of  Westroosebeke  (northeast  of  Ypres).  About  the  4th  of  March  it 
was  relieved  by  the  38th  Division  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Turcoing  area. 

Arras. 

3.  On  the  26th  of  March  the  division  was  identified  near  Oppy  (northeast  of  Arras). 
Here  it  was  heavily  engaged,  and  the  attack  which  it  attempted  broke  down  through 
heavy  casualties. 

Albert. 

4.  The  division  was  identified  in  the  same  area  on  the  28th,  but  not  afterwards, 
and  so  it  was  verj^  likely  withdrawn  during  the  next  day  or  two.  Early  in  April  the 
division  moved  up  in  support  of  the  21st  Preserve  Division  in  the  Beaumont-Hamel 
region  (north  of  Albert),  and  during  the  night  of  the  7th-8th  it  relieved  the  1st  Guard 
Reserve  Division  a  little  farther  to  the  north  in  the  Puisieux  sector  (east  of  H^buterne). 
On  the  14th  of  April  the  division  extended  its  front  to  the  south  so  as  to  relieve  the 
24th  Division.  On  the  11th  of  June  it  was  relieved  by  the  26th  Reserve  Division  and 
went  to  rest  and  refit  in  the  Douai  area. 

5.  On  the  9th  of  July  it  relieved  the  108th  Division  east  of  Villers-Bretonneux 
(east  of  Amiens).  Here  it  was  caught  in  the  Allied  drive  of  August  8,  and  after  losing 
over  1,700  prisoners  was  withdrawn  on  the  10th. 

6.  After  resting  a  fortnight  immediately  behind  the  front,  it  came  back  into  line 
near  Gappy  (southeast  of  Bray)  on  the  25th.  In  tlie  fighting  that  followed  tlie  divi- 
sion lost  more  than  800  pi-isoners,  and  even  more  killed  and  wounded.  It  was  relieved 
early  in  September  and  went  to  rest  and  to  be  reconstituted  near  Chateau  Salins 
(northeast  of  Nancy).  On  September  8  it  received  as  a  draft  what  was  left  of  the 
dissolved  18th  Reserve  Regiment  (225th  Division  disbanded). 

Argonne. 

7.  Leaving  Metz  on  October  6  and  traveling  via  St.  Juvin.  the  division  reenforced  the 
front  near  Sommerance  (east  of  Grandpre)  on  the  9th  to  meet  the  American  push  of 
the  8th.    It  was  withdrawn  on  the  31st  after  having  suffered  very  hea%7-  lo^es. 

125651°— 20 29 


450      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  iVEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

8.  It  rested  a  day  or  two  immediately  in  rear  of  the  front,  and  on  the  3d  it  was 
thrown  in  near  Nouart  (southwest  of  Stenay),  the  Americans  having  attacked  again  on 
the  1st.    It  was  again  withdrawn  on  the  8th.  and  did  not  come  back  into  line. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  41st  has  been  considered  a  second-class  division.  With  the  exception  of  its 
engagements  in  the  spring  near  Albert  and  in  the  Argonne  in  October  and  November, 
it  has  not  done  a  great  deal  of  fighting  during  the  year;  during  this  fighting,  however, 
it  suffered  verj'  severely,  so  that  when  it  was  withdrawn  on  the  8th  of  November  its 
companies  did  not  have  an  average  combatant  strength  of  25.  On  June  6  the  com- 
manding general  issued  an  order  indicating  an  increase  in  the  number  of  instances  in 
which  subordinates  emphatically  refused  to  accompany  their  units  into  line  and  in 
which  officers  neglected  to  enforce  obedience  to  orders,  and  insisting  that  the  evil  be 
remedied  even  though  the  men  had  to  be  shot. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     451 


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452    Divisioisrs  of  German  army  which  PAETicirATED  in  wak. 

HISTORY. 

(21st  Corps  District — Lorraine.) 

1914. 
Lorraine. 

1.  Upon  mobilization,  the  42d  Division  and  the  31st  Division  formed  the  21st  -Vrmy 
Corps. 

It  was  a  part  of  the  6tli  Army  (Prince  Rupprecht  of  Bavaria),  and  fought,  at  the 
beginning  of  August,  1914,  across  the  LoiTaine  frontier,  in  the  ^'icinity  of  Chateau 
Salins,  Dieuze,  Rechicourt  ("Aug.  5-12).  Engaged  on  the  20th  northeast  of  Dieuze, 
the  42d  Division  reached  Luneville  on  the  22d  and  attacked  Rehain\-iller  and  GerVje- 
viller  on  the  24th.  These  days  had  been  very  costly.  On  August  26  the  121st  la- 
fantrj-  Regiment  Avas  reduced  to  31  officers  and  1,562  men.     (Official  Document.) 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  Seirtember  it  was  sent  to  reenforce  the  2d  Bavarian  Cor|)s. 
On  September  3  it  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Moyen-Domptail .  It  retired  to  Dieuze 
(Sept.  11-13)  and  entrained  at  Boulay  on  the  18th,  for  Cambrai. 

SoMME. 

3.  On  September  24  it  was  on  the  Somme.  If  fought  at  Gruny ,  Maucourt,  in  the  \acin- 
ity  of  Chaulnes-Pressoire  (end  of  September  to  beginning  of  October).  It  took  up  its 
position  on  the  Chaulnes  front,  along  the  road  from  Amiens  to  St.  Quentin  (November- 
December). 

1915. 

1.  The  42d  Division  occupied  the  lines  north  of  Chaulnes  until  the  end  of  January, 
191.5.  On  December  26,  the  losses  of  the  131st  Infantry  Regiment  since  the  beginning 
of  the  campaign  amounted  to  87  officers  and  3.233  men.     (Official  List  of  Casualties.) 

2.  About  January  25  the  42d  Division  was  relieved  and  entrained  for  the  Eastern 
Front  \dth  the  31st  Di-\dsion  (21st  Army  Corps). 

3.  Concentrated  in  East  Prussia  at  the  beginning  of  Februaiy,  it  formed  a  part  of 
the  Hindenbui'g  ,Vrmy  which  was  to  force  the  Russians  across  the  frontier. 

4.  From  the  \dcinity  of  Augustowo  (Feb.  14)  it  advanced  rapidly  to  the  east:  it 
reached  Sopockin  on  the  20th,  and  took  up  its  position  Avith  the  21st  Army  Corps  on 
the  line  Sopockin-Chtabine  (north  of  Grodno).  On  March  9  the  \dolent  Russian 
counterattacks  caused  it  heavy  losses. 

Mariampol. 

5.  At  the  beginning  of  March  the  42d  Division  bore  to  the  north;  it  was  at  Kal- 
warjia  on  March  26;  occupied  the  ^icinity  of  Mariampol  on  April  2.  It  fought  in  this 
sector  from  March  29  to  April  24  and  remained  there  until  August.  (On  Apr.  13  the 
losses  of  the  first  two  battalions  of  the  131st  Infantry  Regiment  since  the  6th  of  Feb- 
ruary had  been  1,672  men,  according  to  the  Olficial  Casualty  List.  The  7th  Company 
had  only  65  men  left  on  Apr.  7.) 

ViLNA. 

6.  Renewing  its  forward  march,  the  diAasion  reached  Vilna  on  August  30;  continuing 
toward  the  east,  it  reached  Herviaty-Vorniany  on  September  20,  then  went  toward 
Lake  Narotch,  vicinity  of  Postavy,  where  the  front  became  stable. 

In  the  autumn  the  97th  Infantry  Regiment  was  transferred  to  the  108th  Di-\dsion,  a 
new  formation. 

1916. 
Lake  Xarotch. 

1.  The  42d  Division  held  its  positions  at  Lake  Narotch  until  April,  1917. 

2.  At  the  end  of  March,  1916,  it  sustained  the  Russian  attacks  and  suffered  great 


1917. 
Galicia. 

1.  On  April  24,  1917,  the  42d  Di\dsion  was  relieved  from  the  sector  of  Lake  Narotch 
and  entrained  at  Vilna  for  the  Western  Front.  The  activity  along  the  Galician 
front  caused  its  itinerary  to  be  modified,  and  from  Warsaw  it  was  sent  to  Lemberg. 
In  reserve  first,  it  went  into  action  on  July  20  in  the  German  counteroffensive  of 
Brzezany,  which  took  it  to  the  region  south  of  Tamopol  (Grjimalov,  July  31). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     453 

Riga. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  Galician  front  at  the  beginning  of  Aiigust,  it  entrained  at 
Lemberg  on  the  24th,  and  was  transferred  to  Neugut  (between  ^fitau  and  Jakobstadt) 
on  August  27.  It  took  part  in  the  advance  to  Riga;  one  of  its  regiments  crossed  the 
Dvina,  in  the  ^^cinity  of  Uxkull,  on  September  1. 

Oesel  Island. 

3.  At  the  end  of  September  it  was  sent  to  Libau,  where  important  forces  were  being 
concentrated  for  the  occupation  of  the  islands  in  the  Baltic.  On  October  12  the  131st 
Infantry  Regiment  landed  on  the  Oesel  Island,  which  it  occupied  until  November  1. 
The  138th  Infantry  Regiment  remained  at  Moon  until  October  25.  At  the  beginning 
of  November  the  42d  Division  was  transferred  to  the  \-irinity  of  Kovel.  At  the  end 
of  November  it  took  over  a  calm  sector  in  the  vicinity  of  Kachovka. 

France. 

4.  Entraining  at  Kovel  on  December  23,  it  arrived  in  France  on  December  28. 
( Itinerary :  Warsaw-Thorn-Posen-Leipzig  -Dortmund  -Cologne  -Herbestal  -Brussels. 
It  detrained  at  Ascq  on  the  28th.) 

5.  After  a  stay  in  the  \'icinity  of  Lille,  it  relieved  the  4th  Division  east  of  Armen- 
ti^res  on  Januarj'  23,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

As  the  regional  system  of  recruiting  could  not  fui'nish  dependable  elements,  the 
42d  Division  is  principally  recruited  from  Westphalia  and  the  Rhine  Province.  The 
Alsace- Lorrainers  were  fairly  numerous,  however,  during  the  stay  of  the  division  on 
the  Russian  front. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  42d  DiAOsion  occupied  the  Eastern  Front  from  February,  1915,  until  the  end  of 
December,  1917. 

In  the  offensive  operations  in  which  the  42d  Di\-ision  took  part  in  1917  the  suc- 
cesses appear  to  have  been  fairly  easy.  The  greater  part  of  the  time  it  has  not  had  to 
sustain  any  serious  action  and  its  losses  have  been  comparatively  slight. 

1918. 
Battle  of  the  Lys. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Armentieres  sector  until  it  was  relieved  about  March  22  by 
the  32d  Division.  On  April  9  it  reenforced  the  battle  front  near  Merris.  It  was  en- 
gaged in  heavy  fighting,  and  between  April  9  and  16  the  losses  of  the  division  amounted 
to  50  per  cent  of  the  strength.     On  April  17  it  was  relieved  by  the  12th  Division. 

2.  The  division  came  in  on  the  quiet  Lens  sector  on  April  25-26,  relieving  the  220th 
Division.  It  held  the  sector  until  June  25,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  36th  Reserve 
Division  and  moved  to  the  region  southwest  of  Soissons,  where  on  June  30  it  relieved 
the  14th  Division.  It  suffered  from  the  French  attack  of  July  18,  losing  1,400  prisoners. 
It  was  ^vithdrawn  about  July  22. 

3.  The  division  rested  nearly  a  month  undergoing  reconstitution  by  elements  from 
the  dissolved  211th  Division.  The  390th  Regiment  was  completely  merged  with 
the  42d  Division.     From  Laon  the  division  mov'ed  to  Rethel. 

Champagne. 

4.  Prom  its  entry  into  the  Champagne  line  on  August  22  in  relief  of  the  2Sth  Division 
until  October  1  it  was  engaged  in  resisting  the  French  offensive  operations  in  Cham- 
pagne, during  which  period  it  lost  about  2,000  prisoners.  The  division  was  Av-ith- 
drawn  on  October  1.  After  two  weeks  in  the  second  line  the  division  returned  to 
line  about  October  14  near  Olizy.  It  continued  in  line  until  the  armistice.  After 
November  3  the  division  was  opposite  the  left  flank  of  the  American  front. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  thii'd  class.  It  was  used  as  an  attack  division  in  tlie  Lys 
offensive,  but  thereafter  was  employed  solely  on  the  defensive.  The  division  had  a 
good  composition  with  a  large  percentage  of  men  of  the  younger  classes. 


454    DIVISIONS  or  German  army  whk^h  participated  in  WzVR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     455 

HISTORY. 
(From  all  of  the  Prussian  territory,  by  selection,  in  the  same  manner  as  the  guard.) 

1914. 

1.  The  43d  Reserve  Division  (first  series  of  reserve  divisions  engaged  in  October, 
1914)  formed  at  this  time,  vdth  the  44th  Reserve  Di^^sion,  the  22d  Reserve  Corps. 
It  was  formed  from  the  regimental  recruit  depots  of  the  guard,  and  has  preserved 
from  that  time  a  selective  system  of  recruiting  from  the  whole  of  the  Prussian 
territory. 

2.  Going  into  training  at  the  camp  of  Doeberitz  at  the  beginning  of  September, 
the  43d  Reserve  Division  entrained  on  October  13  for  Belgium,  and  on  the  19th  it 
began  fighting  in  the  vicinity  of  Dixmude,  Merckem,  Bixschoote,  etc.  It  was  in 
action  there  until  the  end  of  November. 

YSER. 

3.  After  the  battle  of  the  Yser  the  elements  of  the  division  occupied  different  parts 
of  the  front  between  Ypres  and  Nieuport. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  January,  1915,  the  86th  Reserve  Brigade  was  in  line  at 
Westende. 

2.  About  the  end  of  February  the  43d  Reserve  Division  was  reconcentrated  and 
then  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  ]\Ienin-Roulers  until  April  25. 

Artois. 

3.  In  May  elements  of  the  division  were  holding  the  sector  Bixschoote-Boesinghe 
(North  of  the  Ypres  salient).  Another  part  of  the  diAdsion  was  sent  as  a  reenforce- 
ment  north  of  Arras  (Souchez)  to  oppose  the  French  offensive.  The  202d  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  lost  76  officers  and  1,320  men  at  Notre  Dame  de  Lorette  (Official 
List  of  Casualties). 

Russia. 

4.  About  the  beginning  of  July  the  86th  Reserve  Brigade  was  transferred  to  Russia 
and  took  part  in  the  offensive  of  IMackensen  in  Poland.  Between  May  15  and 
September  29  the  204th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  listed  as  casualties  63  officers 
and  3,511  men.     (Official  List  of  Casualties.) 

Champagne-Serbia. 

5.  The  85th  Reserve  Brigade,  sent  to  Lorraine  (Xivray),  then  to  Woevi-e  (July  to 
September),  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Champagne  (end  of  September),  and  then 
rejoined  the  rest  of  the  di^^ision  in  Serbia,  where  the  43d  Reserve  Division  took  part 
in  the  campaign  in  October. 

1916. 
France. 

1.  The  division  left  Serbia  to  return  to  France  at  the  end  of  January  and  beginning 
of  February,  1916. 

Verdun. 

2.  After  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Valenciennes  (February-^Iarch)  it  was  sent  to 
the  Verdun  front  at  the  end  of  March,  and  went  into  action  west  of  the  Meuse  on 
April  10  (attacks  of  Bethincourt  and  the  Mort  Homme),  where  it  suffered  heaA^y 
losses  between  April  10  and  ]\Iay  25.  The  12th  Company  of  the  20lst  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  received  not  less  than  185  men  as  replacements  during  the  month 
of  May.     (Document.^ 

3.  Toward  the  end  of  May  the  43d  Reserve  Di\-ision  was  withdrawn  from  the  front 
and  sent  to  rest  in  the  Thionville  area.     At  Verdun  it  had  lost  50  per  cent  of  its  infantry. 

Russia. 

4.  At  the  middle  of  June  it  entrained  at  No\-ion  Porcien  and  was  again  sent  to 
Russia.         (Itinerary:    Charlevillc-Tr^ves-Cassel-Leipzig-Dresden-Breslau-Cracow- 


456      DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAX  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAE. 

Lemberg-Stojanow  (southwest  of  Sokal.)     The  2()4th   Reserve  Infantry  Regiment 
detrained  on  June  19. 

5.  On  the  Russian  front  the  division  was  engaged  west- of  Loutsk  in  the  German 
counteroffensive  in  June.  (Its  losses  may  be  estimated  from  the  fact  that  the  12th 
Company  of  the  201st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  received  replacements  of  152  men 
in  July  and  August,  the  3d  Company  at  least  145  men  from  July  9  to  29.) 

France. 

6.  On  November  15  the  division  was  brought  back  to  the  Western  Fi-ont.     (Itinerary 
Oderberg-Leipzig-Frankf ort-Mayence-Thionville-Sedan-Thourout. )        Reduced  to 
three  regiments  by  the  assignment  of  the  204th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  to  the 
218th  Division,  a  new  formation,  it  was  at  rest  for  almost  a  month  in  the  ^'icinity  of 
Rethel. 

Verdun. 

7.  In  consequence  of  the  French  attack  of  December  15  north  of  Verdun,  the  divi- 
sion was  concentrated  in  the  vicinity  of  Azannes.  On  December  17  it  relieved  the 
remnants  of  the  10th  Division  in  the  Chambrettes  sector. 

*  1917. 

1.  The  43d  Reserve  Di\asion  remained  at  Verdun  until  January  31,  1917,  with- 
out being  engaged  in  any  important  action.  However,  it  suffered  rather  heax-y  losses 
there . 

Champagne. 

2.  After  a  rest  in  Alsace,  the  division  was  sent  to  Champagne,  where,  on  February 

22,  it  reenforced  the  front  between  Loivre  and  east  of  the  Cavaliers  du  Courcy.     The 
French  attack  of  April  16  caused  it  serious  losses. 

Argonne. 

3.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  April,  and  reorganized,  it  went  back  into  line  in  the 
calm  sector  of  Vauquois  about  May  9;  the  12th  Company  of  the  201st  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  was  filled  up  by  the  arrival  of  100  men  (1918  class;  men  fi-om  the  613th  and 
614th  dissolved  Infantry  Regiments). 

4.  At  the  end  of  May  the  diAdsion  was  withdrawn  from  the  Argonne.  It  was  rested 
and  reorganized  first  in  the  Ardennes,  then  in  the  ^•icinity  of  I^aon. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

5.  From  July  18  to  20,  it  went  into  the  sector  Fan th6on-E pine  du  Chevregny 
(south  of  Pargny-Filain)  and  almost  at  once  underwent  the  artillery  preparation  and 
the  French  attack  of  July  30  which  caused  it  heavy  losses,  increased  by  the  counter- 
attacks which  it  attempted  on  July  31  and  August  10.  On  July  30  the  12th  Com- 
pany of  the  202(1  Reserve  Irffantry  Regiment  had  only  5  noncommissioned  officer.^ 
and  56  men  left  (document).  On  August  10  the  201st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment 
was  almost  completely  destroyed  and  left  124  men  as  prisoners  south  of  La  Roy5re. 

6.  The  43d  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  from  the  Chemin  des  Dames  on  August 
23  and  sent  to  rest  until  the  end  of  September  in  the  vicinity  of  Laon.  It  was  filled 
up  and  reorganized. 

La  Malmaison. 

7.  Receiving  training  at  the  beginning  of  October  in  view  of  an  offensive  which 
was  to  anticipate  the  expected  French  attack,  the  elements  of  the  43d  Reserve  Di\-i- 
sion  were  engaged,  beginning  with  October  15,  to  reenforce  weakened  diA-isions  at 
Vaudcsson,  La  Malmaison,  and  l»ru>-^res.     They  underwent  the  attack  of  October 

23,  which  caused  them  heavy  losses  (53  oiricers,  2,190  men,  prisoners).     The  remnants 
of  the  division  were  relieved  on  the  Ailette  on  October  28. 

Russia. 

8.  The  division  was  .sent  to  Russia  soon  aftenvards,  where  it  detrained  on  Novem- 
ber 11,  in  the  vicinity  of  Baranovitchi,  after  five  days'  travel.  It  then  relieved  the 
201st  Di\'ision,  scheduled  to  go  to  France. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     457 

RECRUITING. 

The  43d  Reserve  Di\dsion  was  recruited,  as  was  the  guard  in  which  it  had 
its  origin,  from  the  whole  of  the  Prussian  territory.  The  trained  men  (returned, 
wounded,  and  sick),  who  figure  in  the  reenforcements  which  it  received,  had  the  same 
origin  (Guard,  1st  Reserve  Guard  Division,  261st  and  262d  Reserve  Guard  Ersatz 
Divisions,  Guard  Landsturm  Battalions,  etc.).  In  April,  1917,  the  division  absorbed 
a  part  of  the  613th  and  614th  Regiments  formed  from  the  Guard  recruit  depots  and 
dissolved  on  March  31. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  43d  Reserve  Division  has  always  been  considered  a  A'ery  good  organization 
(December,  1917). 

On  August  10,  1917,  south  of  La  Royfere,  the  201st  Ersatz  Regiment  attacked  "with 
very  great  energy." 

In  October,  1917,  at  La  Malmaison,  the  43d  Reserve  Division  was  brought  up  for 
reenforcement  as  an  attacking  division. 

Because  of  its  recent  losses  (in  the  attack  of  Oct.  3)  the  43d  Reserve  Division  needs 
to  be  completely  reorganized  before  going  into  action  (December,  1917). 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  all  the  recruits  of  the  di-vision  come  from  the  Guard  recruit 
depots.  (After  the  losses  suffered  on  Apr.  16,  1917,  the  division  received  3,000  men 
from  the  depots  of  Brandenburg.) 

The  human  material  at  the  disposition  of  the  division  is  of  high  quality. 

1918. 

1.  The  dixision  left  R,ussia  on  February  9  and  arrived  at  the  Camp  ^Uten-Grabon 
near  Magdeburg  about  the  middle  of  February.  After  resting  there  about  five  weeks 
the  di\Tsion  entrained  on  March  18  and  traveled  \ia  Bielefeld-Gladbach-Aachen- 
Yis6  -  Hasselt  -  Lou  vain  -  Brussels  -  Denderleeuw  -Audenarde  -  Courti'ai  -  Tourcoing  to 
LUle,  where  the  regiment  detrained  on  the  22d,  billeting  at  Loos.  On  the  night  of 
April  1-2  the  202d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  marched  \ia  Emmerin  and  Wattig- 
nies  to  Herrin,  continuing  on  the  night  of  April  2-3  via  Chemy-Camphin-Ostricourt 
to  Malmaison  and  thence  to  Herrin-Lietard.  On  April  4  the  regiment  proceeded  to 
Noyelles-Godault,  on  the  5th  back  to  ^lalmaison,  and  thence  on  the  7th  to  Billy 
Berclau. 

La  Bassee  Canal. 

2.  The  division  was  engaged  at  Festubert  on  April  9.  The  objective  of  the  division 
was  to  break  through  the  enemy's  positions,  force  the  passage  of  the  Lawe  and  the  La 
Bassee  Canals,  and  captm^e  the  heights  of  Hinges  and  the  town  of  Bethum.  -It  was 
held  up  by  British  resistance  at  Festubert  and  did  not  penetrate  farther.  On  April 
29  it  was  relieved  by  the  9th  Reserve  Di^dsion. 

SOMME. 

3.  After  its  relief,  the  division  rested  in  the  area  south  of  Lille  until  June  24,  when  it 
relieved  the  24th  Reserve  Division  at  Bouzencourt.  Until  August  8,  it  held  the  sector 
on  the  Somme.  In  the  fighting  in  August,  the  division  lost  600  prisoners.  On  August 
20  it  returned  to  line  at  Bray  and  was  engaged  until  the  end  of  the  month.  The  total 
number  of  prisoners  lost  by  the  division  in  these  two  engagements  was  1,100. 

4.  Early  in  September  the  division  was  broken  up.  The  203d  Reserve  Regiment 
was  turned  into  the  Guard  Ersatz  Di\-ision,  the  202d  Reserve  Regiment  to  the  2d 
Guard  Division. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Its  complete  faihu'e  on  the  La  Bassee  attack 
in  April  and  its  subsequently  long  retention  in  lino  on  the  Somme  prepared  the  way 
for  its  dissolution  about  the  first  of  Septeml>er. 


458     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAI^  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     459 

HISTORY. 

(3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.) 

1914. 

YSER. 

1.  The  44th  Reserve  Di\-ision,  formed  between  August  and  October,  1914,  like 
the  other  division  of  the  22d  Reserve  Corps  (43d  Reserve  Division),  was  trained  at 
Jueterbog  Camp  and  entrained  on  October  12.  Detraining  at  Termonde,  it  was  in 
action  at  Dixmude  and  at  Bixschoote  in  October  and  November  and  lost  ver>'  heavily. 
On  November  9  the  3d  Battalitjn  of  the  205th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  reduced 
to  153  men.     (Notebook.) 

2.  After  the  battle  of  the  Yser,  it  occupied  several  sectors  north  of  Ypres. 

1915. 

NiEUPORT. 

1.  The  44th  Reserve  Division  remained  on  the  Flanders  front  until  the  month  of 
June,  1915. 

2.  On  June  7  the  di\'ision  was  relieved  from  the  Lombartzyde-Nieuport  sector  and 
transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front. 

Russia. 

3.  Arri\'ing  in  Russia  in  the  middle  of  June,  it  took  part  in  the  Mackensen  offensive — 
battles  of  pursuit  on  the  Galician  frontier  (June  22- July  16);  battle  of  Krasnostaw 
(July  19-28)  and  of  Biskupice  (July,  29-30) ;  battles  up  to  the  Bug  (July  31  to  Aug.  19); 
taking  of  Brest-Litovsk  on  August  26. 

Serbia. 

4.  In  October  it  was  sent  to  Serbia  and  went  through  the  entire  campaign. 

5.  At  the  end  of  December,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  Hungary. 

1916. 
France. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January,  1916,  the  44th  Reserve  Di\-ision  entrained  for  France. 
(Itinerary:  Inddis-Budapest-Vienna-Rosenheim-Cologne-Charleroi.)  It  detrained 
at  Landrecies- Valenciennes  on  February  6.  It  did  some  work  on  the  Somme  front 
(the  306th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  near  Peronne;  the  208th  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  remained  at  Mesle  until  Mar.  14)  and  then  entrained  at  Landrecies  on 
March  24. 

Verdun  (Mort-Homme). 

2.  Concentrated  in  the  vicinity  of  Buzancy,  at  the  end  of  March,  the  division  went 
to  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse.  On  April  11  the  86th  Reserve  Brigade  went  into  line 
in  the  Mort-Homme  sector.  The  44th  Reserve  Division  was  in  action  beginning  with 
April  25,  and  suffered  very  heavj'  losses  (April-May). 

3.  On  June  5  the  44th  Reserve  Division  was  withdrawn  from  the  front,  reorganized, 
and  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sedan  (replacements  from  the  3d  and  5th  Corps 
Districts). 

Somme. 

4.  Transferred  to  the  Somme  (July  2  and  3),  the  division  sent  some  of  its  elements 
into  action  on  the  Estrees-Belloy  front  on  July  4.  It  underwent  the  French  attacks 
between  these  two  villages  (July  6-10)  and  launched  a  violent  counterattack  on  the 
7th  and  8th.  These  engagements  caused  it  severe  losses  (9  ofBcers  and  522  men  as 
prisoners). 


460      DIVISTOXS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

Lassigny. 

5.  Relieved  on  July  10,  it  spent  a  few  days  at  rest,  and  on  July  20  entered  the  line 
in  the  sector  of  Lassigny-Beu\Taigne8. 

Between  June  1  and  July  15  the  205th  Reserve  Infantry'  Regiment,  after  it  had 
received  men  from  the  Beverloo  depot,  had  received  at  least  145  men  for  its  5th 
Company,  167  for  its  8th;  on  July  14  the  1st  Company  of  the  206th  Infantry  Regiment 
receive'd  at  least  128  men;  some  (1917  class)  had  only  been  in  the  service  since  May  5. 

SOMME. 

6.  Sent  to  rest  in  the  middle  of  September,  the  44th  Reserve  Di\asion  again  went 
into  action  on  the  Somme  (Berny  en  Santerre-Genermont),  between  October  9  and 
October  28,  and  again  lost  very  hea^^ly. 

7.  It  then  came  back  into  the  Lassigny  sector,  where  it  was  reorganized  (reinforce- 
ments of  300  to  400  men  per  regiment).  It  transferred  the  207th  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  to  the  228th  Di^^ision,  a  new  organization. 

1917. 
Lassigny  (Retreat). 

•  1.  In  March,  1917,  the  44th  Reserve  Division  took  part  in  the  German  retreat  and 
left  the  lines  at  Lassigny  to  take  up  its  position  between  La  Ffere  and  Moy  (Mar.  25). 
La  Malmaisox  (Woevre). 

2.  Sent  into  the  reserve  of  the  army  at  the  end  of  March  in  the  \'icinity  of  Marie  St. 
Gobert,  the  di\'i8ion  was  concentrated  on  April  15  in  the  \-icinity  of  Monampteuil- 
Filain  (Apr.  20).  On  the  21st,  on  both  banks  of  the  Oise-Aisne  Canal,  it  relieved  the 
remnants  of  the  di\ision  decimated  by  the  French  offensive  of  April  16  and  at  La 
Malmaison  received  the  new  attack  of  May  5.  Very  much  exhausted  (1,670  prisoners), 
it  was  replaced  at  once  (night  of  May  5-6)  and  transferred  to  the  Woe\Te  first  and  then 
to  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  northeast  of  St.  Mihiel,  where  the  di^ision  took  over  the  sector 
of  Chevaliers  after  being  reorganized.     It  was  withdrawn  October  25. 

Flan'ders. 

3.  On  November  10  it  went  into  line  in  Flanders,  north  of  Passchendaele. 

Artois. 

Relieved  at  the  end  of  the  month,  it  was  sent  to  the  sector  of  Xeuve  Chapelle.  It 
was  still  there  March  19,  1918. 

RECRUrriNG. 

The  44th  Reserve  Division  was  mixed  at  the  time  of  its  formation  (one  regiment 
from  Hanover),  but  has  since  become  purely  Brandenburg  by  its  reduction  to  three 
regiments.  However,  this  does  not  prevent  the  occasional  introduction  of  extraneous 
elements — for  example,  in  July,  1916  (urgent  call  for  available  reserve  at  Beverloo). 
The  1917  class  then  made  its  appearance  on  July  12,  1916  (in  the  208th  Reserve  In- 
fantry Regiment):  the  1918  class  on  April  13,  1917  (in  the  205th  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment). 

VALUE — 1917   estimate. 

The  44th  Reser\'e  Division  has  lieen  designated  an  assault  diATsion. 

The  44th  Resor\e  Division  has  not  shown  any  great  military  value  in  the  course  of 
the  liattles  which  it  went  into  north  of  the  Aisne.  Certain  elements,  however,  fought 
well.  One  must  note  that  the  combat  effectives  of  the  division  were  very  much 
reduced  by  the  artillery  preparation  before  the  attack  of  May  5,  1917. 

After  the  battle  of  the  Aisne,  the  division  made  up  for  its  losses  with  elements  from 
the  field  recruit  depots  and  two  replacement?,  one  coming  from  Warsaw  0917  class), 
and  the  other  from  the  5th  Corps  District  (mostly  returned  wounded). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     461 

1918. 
La  Basse e  Canal. 

1.  About  April  1st,  the  division  was  retired  to  the  second  line,  from  which  it 
returned  on  the  night  of  April  12-13  to  attack  near  Locon  on  the  13th.  It  held  a  sector 
in  that  region  until  its  relief  by  the  220th  Division  on  May  6-7. 

2.  Tlie  di\-ision  rested  at  Courrieres  for  three  weeks.  On  May  26  it  relieved  the 
39th  Division  west  of  Vieux  Berqum.  Here  it  remained  until  July  4,  when  it  was 
relieved  by  the  207th  Division. 

SOMME. 

3.  The  division  moved  to  the  area  northwest  of  Tournai  early  in  July.  There  it 
rested  and  received  drafts  until  its  return  to  line  northeast  of  Martinpuich  on  August 
2G.  The  di\ision  fell  back  on  Flers  (27th),  Beaulencourt  (1st),  Villers  au  Flos  (2d), 
Ruyaulcourt  (3d),  southwest  of  Ilavrincourt  (7th).  It  was  withdrawn  from  line  on 
September  10  after  losing  700  prisoners. 

4.  It  was  out  of  line  for  four  weeks  and  unconfirmed  reports  indicated  its  presence 
at  !Metz.  However,  it  again  appeared  in  line  on  the  Cambrai-St.  Qiientin  front  on 
October  10,  north  of  IMontay.  It  fought  around  Le  Cateau  until  the  end  of  the  month 
when  it  was  withdrawn  from  line  north  of  Robersart.  About  the  fourth  of  November 
the  division  was  back  in  line  at  Locquignol  and  in  the  closing  days  of  the  war  it  fell 
back  to  Maubeurge. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  first  class.  It  was  not  used  in  any  of  the  major  oft'ensives 
of  1918. 


462     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     463 

HISTORY. 

(81st  Landwehr  Regiment:  18th  Corps  District — Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse  and  Hesse- 
Nassau.  93d  Landwehr  Regiment:  4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony.  382d 
Landwehr  Regiment:  7th  Corps  District — Westphalia. 

1916. 
Lorraine. 

1.  The  44th  Landwehr  DivLsion  was  formed  in  April,  1917,  by  the  grouping  of  the 
44th  Landwehr  Brigade  (93d  and  382d  Landwehr  Regiments)  and  the  81st  Landwehr 
Regiment.  The  latter  i-egiment  had  been  .'^iiccessively  attached  to  the  39th  Reserve 
Division  (area  of  St.  Di6  imtil  the  spring  of  1916),  to  the  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division 
(near  Verdun  until  the  end  of  1916)  and  finally  to  the  54th  Division  (Flirey). 

2.  The  44th  Landwehr  Brigade,  called  the  Rosenberg  Brigade  until  July,  1916, 
united  in  December,  1915,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Moselle,  the  1st  Landwehr  Ersatz 
Regiment,  afterwards  the  382d  Landwehr  Regiment  (formerly  attached  to  the  Norroy 
Brigade)  and  the  93d  Landwehr,  former  \'on  Gundlach  Regiment  of  the  Graudenz 
Corps,  formed  from  two  of  the  six  surplus  Landwehr  battalions  of  the  4th  Corps  Dis- 
trict and  of  the  38th  Landwehr  Brigade  Ersatz  Battalion  (Hanover),  identified  Jean- 
delize  in  June,  1915.  It  was  attached  to  the  8th  Ersatz  Di\dsion  at  the  beginning 
of  1916. 

3.  The  44th  Landwehr  Brigade  held  the  Moselle  front  on  the  left  bank  of  the  river 
imtil  it  was  transformed  into  the  44th  Landwehr  Division. 

1917. 
Bois  LE  Pretre. 

1.  The  formation  of  the  44th  Landwehr  Division  in  April,  1917,  had  no  effect  upon 
the  position  of  the  elements  which  entered  into  its  composition.  They  continued  to 
hold  the  left  bank  of  the  Moselle  (Bois  le  Pretre)  until  October,  1917. 

2.  In  this  sector  the  44th  Landwehr  Division  gave  signs  of  its  presence  only  liy  a 
few  unimportant  raids. 

Upper  Alsace. 

3.  On  October  13,  1917,  the  44th  Landwehr  Di\'ision  was  relieved  from  Bois  le 
Pretre,  entrained  on  the  16th  at  Arnaville,  Pagny,  Bayon^dlle,  and  was  transferred  to 
Alsace,  detraining  at  Sierentz  and  Bartenheim.  During  the  night  of  the  18th-19th 
it  went  into  line  on  both  banks  of  the  Rhone- Rhine  Canal. 

On  November  7  the  division  suffered  some  losses  at  Schoeuholz. 

VALUE — 1917   estimate. 

Composed  for  the  most  part  of  elderly  men  accustomed  to  holding  calm  sectors,  the 
44th  Landwehr  Division  is  the  antithesis  of  an  attack  division.  However,  it  knows 
how  to  organize  and  maintain  a  position  an<l  there  is  reason  to  believe  that  it  would 
do  well  on  the  defensive. 

Each  of  its  regiments  possesses  an  as.sault  troop. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Allkirch  sector  throughout  1918  until  the  armistice.  The 
sector  remained  absolutely  quiet. 

VALUE 1918   estimate. 

The  diAdsion  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


464      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     465 

HISTORY. 

(2d  Corps  District — Pomerania.) 

1914. 

1.  The  45th  Reserve  Division  ( forming  the  23d  Reserve  Corps  with  the  46th  Reserve 
Di\'ision')  belongs  to  the  series  of  divisions  formed  between  August  and  October,  1914. 
It  received  its  training  at  the  Jueterbog  Camp,  entrained  on  October  12,  and  detrained 
at  Alost  in  Belgium. 

YSER. 

2.  On  October  21,  1914,  the  45th  Reserve  Division  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  the 
Yser  in  the  Adcinity  of  Noordschoote-Steenstraat,  and  suffered  serious  losses  in  the 
course  of  the  battles,  which  were  prolonged  until  November  (from  Oct.  15  to  Nov.  11 
52  officers  and  1,6G9  men  in  the  212th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  according  to  the 
Official  List  of  Casualties). 

3.  In  December  elements  of  the  division  were  in  line  in  the  \T,cinity  of  Bixschoote. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  di\asion  remained  in  Belgium  and  in  the  -s-icinity  of  Armenti^rea  during 
the  entire  year  of  1915  and  the  first  half  of  1916. 

2.  On  April  22,  1915,  it  attacked  in  the  Steenstraat  sector  and  occupied  the  village 
of  Lizeme,  which  counter  attacks  obliged  it  to  abandon. 

1916. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  45th  Reserve  Di\'ision  continued  to  occupy  the  zone  north  of  Ypres  (Steen- 
straat-Boesinghe)  until  March  3, 1916.  The  209th  and  212th  Reserve  Infantry  Regi- 
ments were  temporarily  detached  (from  the  end  of  January  to  the  beginning  of  March) 
and  assigned  to  the  26th  Division  in  the  Becelaere  sector. 

Messines. 

2.  On  March  12  the  di\dsion  took  over  the  sector  of  Messines,  south  of  Ypres.  Until 
the  month  of  September  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  important  action. 

SOMME. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  September  it  was  withdrawn  from  Flanders,  sent  to  the 
Somme,  and  engaged  in  the  sector  of  Thiepval-Martinpuich  (Sept.  9  to  24).  On  Sep- 
tember 15  it  withstood  the  British  attack  between  Courcelette  and  Thiepval,  where 
it  lost  very  heavily. 

OlSE. 

4.  After  a  short  rest  in  the  \T.cinity  of  Bapaume  the  di\T£ion  was  sent  to  the  Noyon 
area.  It  transferred  the  209th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  207th  Di\'ision,  a 
new  formation.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  went  into  line  on  the  left  bank  of 
the  Oise  at  Tracy  le  Val.  In  the  interval,  in  order  to  fill  up  its  regiments,  it  had 
to  borrow  from  the  I.andsturm  battalions  of  the  2d  Corps  District  (men  of  the  Land- 
stiirm  2d  Ban,  trained  and  untrained  from  the  classes  1892  to  1894). 

1917. 

1.  January  22,  1917,  the  45th  Reserve  Division  left  the  sector  of  Tracy  le  Val  for 
the  Sissonne  Camp,  and  received  training  there  for  three  weeks.  Its  regiments  had 
been  practically  re-formed.  Between  September  24,  1916,  and  February  21,  1917, 
the  210th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  had  received  79  noncommissioned  officers  and 
1,522  men. 

2.  On  February  12  it  went  into  the  sector  Osly-Courtil-Chevillecourt,  west  of  Sois- 
Bons.  In  March  it  retired  in  the  direction  of  Coucy  le  Chateau;  it  was  put  in  reserve 
(Mar.  20  to  Apr.  10)  in  the  area  north  of  Laon. 

125651°— 20 30 


466      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICirATED  IN  WAR. 

Aisne-Chemin  des  Dames. 

3.  On  April  10,  in  anticipation  of  the  French  attack,  the  elements  of  the  di\'ision 
were  concentrated  near  Filain.  On  the  7th  the  2I0th  ReSerA'e  lnfantr>^  Regiment 
was  in  action  south  of  the  Ailette  Canal  (east  of  Vauxaillon).  The  other  regiments 
were  sent  west  of  the  Oise-Aisne  Canal  toward  Braye  en  Laonnois.  All  the  units 
underwent  the  attack  of  April  16,  and  were  relieved  between  April  20  and  22,  having 
suffered  very  heavy  losses. 

4.  Concentrated  and  reorganized  north  of  Laon  (Crecy  sur  Serre),  the  division  again 
went  into  action  near  the  Oise-Aisne  Canal  (Froidmont  Farm-Malval  Farm,  on  May  3). 
Its  losses  were  again  very  severe  during  the  new  French  attack  of  May  5.  It  was  with- 
drawn from  the  front  on  the  6th. 

Verdun. 

5.  Transferred  to  the  vicinity  of  Conflans  and  reorganized,  the  division  went  into 
line  on  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  (Calonne  les  Eparges)  on  May  27. 

6.  After  three  months  in  the  sector  on  the  Cotes,  the  45th  Reserve  Division  entrained 
at  Conflans  (Sept.  26)  for  Flanders. 

Flanders. 

7.  On  September  22  it  went  into  position  in  the  Zonnebeke  sector  as  a  coimter- 
attacking  di\'ision.  Elements  of  the  di^^sion  were  engaged  on  October  1  (Polygon 
wood),  on  the  4th  (Zoonebeke),  and  from  the  9th  to  the  12th  as  reinforcements  on  the 
Passchendaele  front.  After  the  British  attack  of  October  12  the  di^^sion,  ver>'  much 
exhausted  by  these  battles,  was  relieved. 

Verdun. 

Transferred  to  the  rear  of  the  Cotes  de  Meuse,  sent  into  line  ou  the  heights  north- 
east of  St.  Mihiel  in  November;  it  was  sent  to  the  vicinity  of  Bohain  in  December. 

recruiting. 

Mixed  at  the  time  of  its  formation  (1  Hanseatic  Regiment),  the  45th  Reserve  Di\nsion 
was  recruited  almost  entirely  from  Pomerania,  in  theory  at  least,  after  its  reduction  to 
three  regiments.  Like  the  other  units  recruited  from  this  province  (4th  Division), 
at  the  end  of  1915  and  several  times  since  then,  it  has  received  a  relatively  large  pro- 
portion of  elderly  men  (1892  to  1894  classes,  trained  and  untrained). 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  45th  Reserve  Division  fought  well  on  the  Somme.  It  put  up  a  ^dgorous  defense 
on  the  Aisne  in  the  course  of  its  two  engagements  of  April  16  and  May  6,  1917. 

The  Pomeranians,  who  formed  the  greater  part  of  its  effectives,  have  a  military 
reputation  to  sustain.  However,  according  to  the  statements  of  prisoners,  when  the 
212th  Reserve  Infantrj'  Regiment  came  from  the  Verdun  front  to  Flanders  it  refused 
to  attack  on  September  30,  1917.     (British  Summary  of  Information,  Oct.  4.) 

1918. 
St.  Qubntin. 

1.  Toward  the  end  of  January  the  division  relieved  the  36th  Division  near  Faye 
(north  of  St.  Quentin),  the  latter  division  side  slipping  toward  the  south.  It  remained 
here  and  took  part  in  the  initial  attack  of  the  Somme  offensive;  it  was  withdrawn 
al)Out  the  24th  of  >rarch.  It  was  not  entirely  withdrawn  on  that  date,  however,  for 
besides  still  haWng  some  elements  in  line,  the  rest  of  the  di\Tsion  was  in  close  support 
as  a  "  follow  up  "  division.     In  this  fighting  it  lost  heavily. 

Montdidier. 

2.  A  few  days  later  it  went  t<i  rest  in  the  Montdidier  area.  Early  in  April  it  entered 
line  near  Assain\-illers  (east  of  Montdidier),  where  it  was  identified  on  the  6tli,  and 
was  relieved  Ijy  the  206th  Division  on  the  I8th,  going  to  rest  and  relit  in  the  region  of 
Vouziers. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PAHTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     467 

AlSNE. 

3.  On  the  1st  of  June  the  division  was  in  reserve  northeast  of  F6re  en  Tardenois, 
and  on  the  3d  it  reinforced  the  front  near  Chaudun  (southwest  of  Soissons);  it  was 
relieved  by  the  23d  Division  and  went  to  rest  near  Oulchy  le  Chateau  (west  of  F5re  en 
Tardenois). 

Marne. 

4.  The  allied  coimteroffensive  having  started  on  July  18,  the  division  was  hurried 
into  line  near  Montron  (east  of  La  Fert6  Milon)  to  meet  it.  Here  it  was  heavily 
engaged  and  suffered  severe  losses.     It  was  relieved  by  the  26th  Division  on  July  27. 

5.  It  did  not  have  an  opportunity  to  rest,  however,  for  it  relieved  the  201st  Division 
north  of  F^re  en  Tardenois  two  days  later.  It  was  relieved  on  August  3,  and  went  to 
rest  in  the  !Maubeuge  region.  It  was  identifieil  here  on  the  23d,  but  a  few  days  after- 
wards the  Germans,  fearing  an  American  attack  in  Alsace,  it  was  dispatched  to  the 
vicinity  of  ]\Iuelheim,  where  it  arrived  prior  to  September  3. 

Champagne-Argonne. 

6.  The  di^dsion  entrained  on  the  24th  for  Planders,  but  was  ordered  to  detrain 
when  it  reached  St.  !Morel  (south  of  \'ouziers)on  the  2r)th  and  remained  there  until 
midnight.  Then  the  212th  Reserve  Regiment  entered  line  in  the  Aire  valley  near 
Baulny,  while  the  remainder  of  the  division  moved  farther  to  the  west  and  entered 
line  to  the  north  of  Fontaine  en  Dormois  (northeast  of  Suippefs).  On  October  8  these 
elements  came  to  the  east  and  the  division  was  in  line  as  a  whole  northwest  of  Chatel 
Cheh^ry.  It  was  withdrawn  on  the  25th  and  went  to  rest  in  Lorraine  in  the  vicinity 
of  Conflans  (southwest  of  Briey) . 

7.  On  the  4th  of  November  it  came  back  into  line  near  Wqel  (northeast  of  St. 
Mihiel);  it  was  still  here  on  the  11th. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  45th  Reserve  has  been  considered  a  second-class  division.  Heavily  engaged 
on  the  Somme  (three  times),  on  the  Aisne,  against  the  Allied  counteroffensive,  and 
in  the  battle  of  the  Meuse-Argonne,  it  has  done  a  great  deal  of  heavy  fighting  during 
1918,  Tvithout,  however,  ever  particularly  distinguishing  itself.  It  suffered  exceed- 
ingly hea\-y  losses.  Early  in  September,  the  212th  Regiment  received  as  a  draft  the 
397th  Regiment  of  the  dis!)anded  222d  iMvision.  About  the  16th  of  October  it  received 
a  very  large  draft  of  replacements  among  which  were  a  considerable  numljer  of  ele- 
ments of  decidedly  Bolshevistic  tendencies.  Men  deserted  to  the  rear,  to  the  enemy, 
and  ([uite  a  few  were  punished  for  insubordination  to  officers,  and  some  for  refusing 
to  fight.     The  morale  of  the  whole  division  was  very  low. 


468    DIVISIONS  or  German  army  which  participated  in  war, 

45tli  Landwclir  Division, 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

45  Ldw. 

107  Ldw. 
133  Ldw. 
350  Ldw. 

45  Ldw. 

107.  Ldw. 

133  Ldw. 
350  Ldw. 

(?) 

4  Sqn.  Gd.  (Saxon)  Cav.  Rgt. 

23  Drag.  Rgt. 

Art.  Command: 
408  F.  A.  Rgt. 

498  F.  A.  Rgt. 

1027  Light  Am.  Col. 
1043  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(445)  Pion.  Btn.: 

4  Res.  Co.  22  Pions. 
345  T.  M.  Co. 
545  TeL  Detail. 

183  Pion.  Co. 

4  Landst.  Co.  9C.  Dist.  Pions. 
221  Searchlight  Section. 
545  Signal  Command : 
545  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

Ambulance  Co. 
355  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

6.39  Ambulance  Co. 
355  Field  Hospital. 
45  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transports 

562  M.  T.  Col. 

• 

HISTORY. 

(19th  Corps  District — Saxony.) 
I9I7. 

1.  The  45th  Landwehr  Division  was  formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  in  April,  1917. 
The  107th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  taken  from  the  35th  Reserve  Di\'ision;  the  133d 
Landwehr  Regiment  from  the  92d  Division;  and  the  350th  Landwehr  from  the  91st 
Division,  after  having  been  a  part  of  the  88th  Division. 

VOLHYNIA. 

2.  Until  February,  1917,  the  45th  Landwehr  Division  occupied  a  sector  in  Volhynia, 
near  the  Kovel-Rovno  railroad. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  45th  Landwehr  Division  has  been  on  the  Eastern  Front  since  its  formation. 
It  appears  to  have  only  a  mediocre  offensive  value. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  In  February,  1918,  the  division  advanced  toward  Kiev.  A  man  of  the  133 
Landwehr  Regiment  wrote  from  the  Wolczek  Camp  (southeast  of  Kovel)  on  the  15th 
of  March:  "Our  regiment  continues  its  march  forward.  It  is  said  to  have  suffered 
heavy  losses.  We  are  fighting  against  the  Bolsheviks;  the  Ukrainians  are  on  our 
side."     Divisional  headquarters  were  at  Poltava  in  April. 

2.  In  May  the  three  regiments  of  the  division  were  in  the  vicinity  of  Kharkov. 
The  division  was  again  identified  here  on  October  13. 

value — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     469 


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470      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR, 

HISTORY. 

(9th  Corps  District — Hanseatic  Cities  and  Grand  DucKies  of  Mecklenburg.) 

1914. 

YSER. 

1.  The  46th  Reserve  Division  (belonging  to  the  23d  Reserve  Corps  with  the  45th 
Division),  formed  between  August  and  October,  1914,  was  trained  at  the  Lockstedt 
Camp,  and  entrained  for  Belgium  on  October  12.  It  went  into  action  in  the  battle 
of  the  Yser  between  Dixmude  and  Bixschoote  on  October  21,  1914. 

Flanders. 

2.  After  these  battles,  which  lasted  until  about  November  15,  and  in  the  course 
of  which  it  suffered  heavy  losses,  the  division  remained  in  Flanders  and  occupied  the 
area  of  Bixschoote.  On  November  21  only  1  officer  remained  in  the  3d  Battalion  of 
the  214th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  (letter);  the  11th  Company,  which  started  with 
253  men,  had  only  90  left. 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1.  Between  April  22  and  April  27,  1915,  the  46th  Reserve  DiAOsion,  which  was  still 
holding  the  front  north  of  Ypres,  took  part  in  the  battles  launched  around  Lizeme, 
Het-Sas,  Steenstraat. 

2.  During  the  rest  of  the  year  1915  and  until  Jlarch,  1916,  the  46th  Reserve  Di\-ision 
(as  well  as  the  45th  Reserve  Division)  held  the  lines  between  Dixmude  and  Ypres, 
wdthout  any  important  action,  ■nith  periods  of  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Bruges  and 
Thourout. 

1916. 
St.  Eloi  Wytschaete. 

1.  Relieved  north  of  Ypres  at  the  end  of  February,  1916,  the  46th  Reserve  DiAosion 
was  transferred  to  Werwicq,  from  which  place  on  March  14  it  went  to  the  sector  of 
St.  Eloi,  near  Messines. 

2.  The  diAOsion  lost  very  heavily  in  this  sector,  at  the  beginning  of  April.     After 
a  short  period  of  rest  it  took  over  the  same  line  from  May  to  September. 
Somme. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  September  it  left  the  area  south  of  Ypres  to  go  to  the  Somme. 
It  went  into  action  on  September  8  between  Vermandovillers  and  the  Chaulnes 
railroad  and  suffered  rather  heavy  losses,  especially  during  the  French  attack  of 
September  17;  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  214th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  almost 
completely  destroyed  (letter). 

■  4.  Sent  behind  the  front  for  a  short  time,  about  October  8,  in  the  \iciiiity  of  Ham, 
it  came  back  into  line  on  October  17-20  minus  the  213th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment, 
which  was  transferred  to  the  207th  Division,  a  new  organization.  It  supported  the 
attacks  of  the  21st,  between  Ablaincourt  and  Chaulnes  wood,  where  certain  of  its 
units  lost  very  heavily.  After  laimching  a  counterattack  on  the  22d  the  division 
was  relieved  on  October  24-25. 

Champagne. 

5.  In  November  and  December  the  reorganized  division  took  over  the  sector  east 
of  Rheims. 

1917. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  46th  Reserve  Division  was  at  rest  in  Lorraine.     On  Janu- 
ary 28  it  entrained  at  Lorquin  and  was  transferred  to  the  Oise,  by  way  of  Sarreburg. 
Thionville,  Luxemburg,  Namur,  Maubeuge.  St.  Quentin,  Tergnier,  Chauny. 
Moulin  sous  Touvent. 

2.  On  January  30  it  went  into  the  sector  of  Moulin  sous  Touvent-Autr^ches,  which 
it  left  about  March  IS  to  retire  to  Barisis,  Foleml)ray.  and  the  lower  Coucy  wood. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     471 

FoRET  DE  St.  Gobain. 

3.  Established  in  the  St.  Gobain  sector  in  April  and  ^lay.  it  was  relieved  on  May 
20  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  area  of  ]\rarle  and  Vervins.  It  was  reorganized  there  (the 
216th  Reserve  Infantr\'  Regiment  received  500  men  from  the  depot  of  the  76th  Re- 
serve Infantry  Regiment  at  Hamburg). 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

4.  On  June  13  the  di\T[sion  went  into  line  on  the  Chemin  des  Dames,  took  part  in 
the  German  attack  of  June  22  at  the  Epine  de  Chevregny-Roy^re  Farm,  and  in  the 
attack  of  July  8  on  the  front  Pantheon-Froidmont.  In  these  two  actions  it  had  heavy 
losses.     It  made  up  for  these  in  part  by  men  taken  from  the  94th  Di\dsion  in  Russia. 

5.  Withdrawn  from  the  Laon  front  on  July  24.  the  division  was  sent  to  rest  and  to 
be  reorganized  in  the  area  of  Montm^dy. 

6.  On  August  12  it  was  transferred  to  Spincourt  and  placed  in  reserve  on  the  right 
bank  of  the  Meuse  during  the  French  attack  of  August  20. 

Verdun. 

7.  Engaged  on  August  22  at  the  Fosse  wood-Chaume  wood,  it  lost  heavily  by  the 
attack  of  August  26  and  by  its  counterattack  upon  Beaumont. 

8.  Relieved  at  once,  it  was  reorganized  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sedan- 
Longuyon  from  August  26  to  the  end  of  September. 

Meuse. 

9.  The  46th  Reserve  Division  reappeared  from  October  3  to  November  10  in  the 
sector  of  Fosse  wood-Chaume  wood,  where  some  elements,  launched  an  attack  on 
November  9  and  suffered  heavy  losses. 

10.  The  di^dsion  was  at  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Longwy  from  November  10  to  Decem- 
ber 15. 

Lorraine. 

11.  About  December  17  it  took  over  the  sector  west  of  Nom^ny  (Cheminot-Eply) 
in  Lorraine.     It  was  still  there  at  the  beginning  of  April,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Composed  at  the  beginning  of  equal  contingents  from  the  9th  and  10th  Corps  Dis- 
tricts (Schleswig-Holstein,  Hanseatic  cities,  and  ^Mecklenburg;  Hanover,  Brunswick, 
Oldenburg),  the  division,  since  its  reduction  to  three  regiments,  is  filled  up  from  the 
Hanseatic  cities  and  the  Grand  Duchies  of  Mecklenburg.  It  has  ceased,  therefore, 
to  be  Prussian,  a  thing  which  has  a  certain  practical  interest  in  its  designation  in 
communiques,  etc.,  and  has  not  been  able  to  develop  any  regional  sentiment  or  cohe- 
sion. It  is  to  be  noted  that  the  reinforcements  of  1917  have  been  rather  mixed  (Poles, 
men  from  the  2d,  3d,  and  5th  Corps  Districts),  partly  because  of  their  being  taken 
from  the  Russian  front,  and,  during  its  recent  stay  in  Lorraine,  from  the  neighboring 
depot  of  the  99th  Infantry  Regiment. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  46th  Reserve  Division  may  be  considered  a  good  division. 

The  attack  of  July  8,  1917,  was  carried  out  energetically.  The  assault  troops  at- 
tacked with  "extraordinary  fury." 

The  division  fought  bravely  at  Verdun  in  August,  1917. 

Weakened  by  battles  and  by  an  epidemic  of  dysentery  (October-November),  it  was 
sent  to  Lorraine  for  rest  and  reorganization. 

The  division  received  intensive  training  and  it  would  seem  that  in  spite  of  new, 
untrained  recruits  it  will  quickly  regain  its  value. 


472      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

1918. 

No  YON. 

1.  The  di\'ision  was  relieved  about  April  25  in  Lorraine  and  transferred  to  the 
Montdidier  area,  where  it  was  at  rest  until  June  10.  On  that  day  it  reenforced  the 
Montdidier-Noyon  battle  front  northeast  of  Gournay.  In  the  course  of  the  attacks 
the  division  suffered  considerable  losses.  About  July  2  it  was  relieved.  It  rested  in 
rear  of  the  Noyon  front. 

SOISSONS. 

2.  On  July  20  the  division  reenforced  the  Ijattle  front  near  Buzancy,  south  of  Sois- 
sons.     It  lasted  but  one  week  and  was  then  withdrawn. 

3.  The  effectives  of  the  division  was  very  low,  due  to  the  failme  to  receive  drafts. 
Early  in  August  the  division  was  disbanded.  The  214th  Reserve  Regiment  was 
transferred  to  the  4th  Division,  the  216th  Reserve  Regiment  to  the  18th  Reserve 
Division,  and  the  215th  Reserve  Regiment  was  turned  into  the  4th  Ersatz  Division. 
The  divisional  commander,  Maj.  Gen.  Wasielewski,  was  retired. 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  Although  it  was  not  heavily  engaged  in 
1918,  its  effective  strength  was  allowed  to  dwindle  to  a  very  low  level  and  dissolution 
iollowed. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     473 

46tli  Landwelir  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918  1 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

46  Ldw. 

101  Ldw. 
103  Ldw. 
105  Ldw. 

101  Ldw 

(?) 

105  Ldw. 

i  Sqn.  17  Uhlan  Rgt. 

Art.  command: 
246  F.  A.  Rgt. 

246  F.  A.  Rgt.  (Rgt.  Staff). 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(446)  Pion.  Btn. : 
346  T.  M.  Co. 
546  Tel.  Detch. 

546  Signal  Command: 

346  Tel.  Detch.    (Except  1st  Zug  ) 

Medical  and  veterinary. 

638  Ambulance  Co. 
315  Field  Hospital. 
46   Vet.   Hospital. 

638  Ambulance  Co. 
46  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transports 

M.  T.  Col. 

1  Theelements  below  are  those  grouped  under  the  Di-vision  Postal  Sector  (728).  Other  units  of  the  46th 
Landwelir  Division,  operating  in  other  divisional  sectors,  are  carried  as  attached  to  such  divisions. 

HISTORY. 
(12th  Corps  District — Saxony.) 
1917. 
The  46th  Landwehr  Division,  composed  of  the  101st  and  103d  Landwehr  Regiments 
(taken  from  the  14th  Landwehr  Di\ision)  and  of  the  33d  Landsturm  Battalion  (taken 
from  the  3d  Reserve  Di\'ision),  was  formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  abotit  May,  1917. 
Smorgoni. 

1.  It  occupied  the  sector  of  Smorgoni-Lake  Narotch  until  the  beginning  of  1918. 

2.  About  the  month  of  September,  1917,  it  received  a  new  regiment,  the  105th 
Landwehr,  formed  in  1917,  at  the  time  of  the  withdrawal  of  the  Saxon  battalions  from 
the  Prussian  regiments  of  which  they  had  been  a  part  (345th  and  374th  Infantry 
Regiments).  In  December  a  great  number  of  the  young  men  were  taken  from  the 
division  to  reenforce  the  40th  Division  (Saxon)  before  its  departure  for  France. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  use  made  of  the  4Gth  Landwehr  Di\dsion  allows  us  to  form  an  appreciation  of 

its  value;  it  held  a  calm  sector  on  the  Russian  front  in  1917;  occupied  the  Ukraine 

in  1918. 

1918. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1.  In  January  the  division  was  on  the  Volhynian  front,  next  to  the  lOth  Landwehr 
Division. 

Ukraine. 

2.  In  February  it  moved  into  the  Ukraine,  lea^dng  behind  elements  whose  duty  it 
was  to  gather  the  mat6riel  which  had  been  al>andoned  in  the  Russian  positions. 

3.  About  the  middle  of  March  the  division  held  the  sector  north  of  Mohilev.  The 
103d  Landwehr  Regiment  was  along  the  Berezina  in  April.  The  101st  Landwehr  Regi- 
ment was  reported  in  the  \'icinity  of  Minsk  early  in  May.  The  whole  division  was 
identified  in  the  Minsk  region  the  end  of  the  month,  and  also  toward  the  end  of 
September. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  clsss. 


474      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     475 

HISTORY. 

(7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 
1914. 

WOEVRE. 

1.  The  47th  Reserve  Division,  formed  between  August  and  October,  1914,  and  com- 
posing the  24th  Reserve  Corps  ^\'ith  the  4Sth  Reserve  Division,  was  concentrated  in 
the  \icinity  of  lletz  about  October  20,  sent  to  the  Woevre,  south  of  Etain,  on  the  26th, 
went  into  action  at  Magnaville  on  the  3]st,  and  at  Maucourt  on  November  6  to  11. 
Russia. 

2.  On  November  23  the  47th  Reserve  Division  entrained  lor  the  Eastern  Front. 

DUNAJEC. 

3.  Detraining  in  the  vicinity  of  Cracow  at  the  beginning  of  December,  it  went  into 
action  on  the  Dimajec  (Neu-Sandec)  west  of  Tarnow  on  the  8th,  where  it  suffered 
serious  check  on  December  20. 

1915. 

1.  On  Janiiary  ]0,  1915,  the  47th  Reserve  Division  was  identified  on  the  Dunajec- 
Gorlice  front. 

Galicia. 

2.  From  the  end  of  January  to  the  month  of  April  it  occupied  the  front  M'est  of 
Tarnow,  near  the  Tarnow-Cracow  railroad. 

Poland. 

3.  It  took  part  in  the  spring  and  summer  offensive  of  1915.  On  July  2  it  was  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Vistula,  in  the  \icinity  of  Janow.  From  July  20  to  August  9 
it  took  part  in  the  advance  from  the  Wysnica  to  the  Wieprz,  reached  the  Bug  on  Octo- 
ber 19,  the  Jaselda  on  September  8,  and  fought  along  this  last  river  until  the  12th. 
On  the  I3th  it  was  at  Slonim. 

4.  At  the  end  of  September  it  went  to  the  vicinity  of  Baranovitchi.  On  October 
19  it  held  the  lines  near  Lipsk. 

1916. 
Russia. 

1.  The  47th  Reserve  Division  remained  in  the  sector  of  Lipsk- Baranovitchi  during 
the  entire  year  of  1916  and  until  May,  1917,  when  it  entrained  for  France.  On  July 
23  the  217th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  mthdrawn  from  the  division  to  aid 
in  the  formation  of  the  225th  Division. 

1917. 
France. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  May,  1917,  the  47th  Reserve  DiA-ision  was  transferred  to  the 
Western  Front.  (Itinerary  of  the  219th  Reserve  Infantrj^  Regiment:  Entrained  on 
May  3  at  Barano\atchi,  Warsaw,  Lodz,  Lissa,  Glogau,  Leipzig,  Erfurt,  Frankfort,  Metz; 
detrained  at  Bouillon ville,  near  Thiaucourt,  on  May  7.) 

AlSNE. 

2.  After  a  stay  in  the  Woevre,  at  Bois  le  Pretre,  until  the  beginning  of  June,  and  a 
short  rest  near  Marie,  the  47th  Reserve  Division  went  into  line  north  of  Braye  en 
Laonnois  (west  of  the  Epine  de  Chevregny)  on  June  20.  It  took  part  in  the  attacks 
launched  in  this  sector  and  suffered  heavy  losses  from  June  22  to  July  8.  Some  of  its 
elements  were  engaged  in  the  French  attack  of  October  23,  after  which  they  retired 
to  the  village  of  Chevregny. 

3.  The  47th  Reserve  Di\asion  was  relieved  at  the  end  of  October. 
FoR^T  DE  St.  Go  bain. 

4.  After  a  rest  in  the  villages  of  the  Serre  valley,  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Septvaux 
in  the  ForSt  de  St.  Gobain  about  November  20. 


476      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  P.\RTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 

RECRUITING. 

Mixed  at  the  time  of  its  formation,  the  division  has  become  entirely  Westphalian 
since  its  reduction  to  three  regiments.  The  levies  from  the  Russian  front  in  the  course 
of  1917,  however,  introduced  outside  elements  (men  from  the  1st,  2d,  and  3d  Corps  Dis- 
trict in  May,  coming  from  the  406th,  420th,  and  42l8t  Infantry  Regiments).  Thirteen 
prisoners  (220th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment)  captured  on  October  1,  1917,  north  of 
Braye  en  Laonnois,  came  from  the  following  Provinces  in  Germany:  4  from  West- 
phalia, 2  from  Hanover,  3  from  East  Prussia,  1  from  the  Rhine  Province,  1  from 
Oldenburg,  1  from  Silesia,  and  1  from  Pomerania. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  47th  Reserve  Division  is  a  mediocre  di\dsion  more  fitted  for  defense  than  attack, 
but  still  capable  of  effort  after  rest  and  reorganization.  It  had  won  some  reputation 
in  the  offensive  at  Poland  and  Courland. 

Its  effectives  include  a  large  proportion  of  Poles. 

In  the  sector  of  C'he^Tegny,  Froidmont  (June-July),  it  gave  a  good  account  of  itself, 
although  sanitary  conditions  were  very  defective  (Dec.  1,  1917). 

1918. 

1.  About  the  beginning  of  February  the  division  was  relieved  by  the  3d  Bavarian 
Division  and  went  to  train  near  Ver\'ins. 

Battle  op  Picaedy. 

2.  It  was  engaged  in  the  Somme  offensive  on  March  21  near  Tergnier  and  partici- 
pated in  the  attack  until  the  25th.  It  was  reengaged  on  April  1  southwest  of  La.ssigny 
and  held  that  sector  until  May  2,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  extension  of  the  206th 
Division. 

3.  The  division  entrained  at  Ham  on  May  6  and  moved  to  St.  Quentin  area.  From 
May  27  onward  it  followed  up  the  advance  behind  the  113th  Division,  and  finally 
relieved  that  diAision  on  June  1  near  Vierzy.     It  was  relieved  on  June  20. 

Marne. 

4.  This  division,  although  greatly  weakened,  was  returned  to  line  without  having 
been  reconstructed,  in  the  \'icinity  of  Longpont.  At  this  time  the  di\ision  had  not 
more  than  40  to  50  rifles  to  a  company.  It  again  suffered  heavy  losses,  and  about 
July  27  was  retired  to  rest. 

5.  The  division  was  dissolved  at  Mainbresson  on  June  30.  The  218th  Reserve 
Regiment  was  formed  into  one  battalion,  which  became  the  3d  Battalion  of  the  53d 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment.  The  219th  Reserve  Regiment  was  drafted  to  the  159th 
Regiment. 

VALUE — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  Its  dissolution  was  occasioned  by  its  low 
effective  strength  following  its  losses  and  failure  to  receive  drafts. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     477 


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478      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(12th  and  19th  Corps  District — Saxony.) 

1914. 

The  47th  Landwehr  Division  came  from  the  47th  Landwehr  Brigade  (104th  and 
106th  Landwehr  Regiments)  which  was  independent  at  first  imder  the  command  of 
Lieut.  Gen.  Mueller,  and  was  made  a  division  in  the  autumn  of  1915. 

Champagne. 

1.  Detraining  at  Bourcy  (northeast  of  Bastogne)  on  August  18,  1914,  the  47th  Land- 
wehr Brigade  arrived  on  the  Champagne  front  immediately  after  the  battle  of  the 
Mame. 

2.  On  September  14,  1914,  the  brigade  was  in  line  in  the  vicinity  of  Moronvilliers. 
It  remained  in  Champagne  until  the  beginning  of  1917. 

1915. 
Champagne. 

1.  About  the  month  of  May,  1915,  it  left  the  sector  Prosne  Moron\-illiers  for  the  north 
of  Rheims,  from  Loivre  to  the  Rheims-Witry  road. 

2.  Reenforced  by  the  113th  Infantry  Regiment,  later  by  the  29th  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment,  it  formed  the  Mueller  Division  in  October. 

3.  At  the  end  of  September  one  battalion  of  the  104th  Landwehr  Regiment  was 
sent  as  a  reenforcement  into  action  south  of  Ste.  Marie  a  Py  to  help  out  the  133d 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  during  the  French  offensive.  , 

1916. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  47th  Landwehr  Brigade  continued  to  occupy  the  Rheims  sector  (Courcy- 
Betheny)  during  1916. 

2.  In  the  month  of  July  it  was  made  a  diAdsion  (47th  Landwehr  Division)  and 
received  a  3d  Regiment,  the  391st  Infantry  Regiment  (Saxon). 

1917. 
OisE  La  Fere. 

1.  Withdrawn  from  the  Rheims  front  about  February  23,  1917,  the  47th  Landwehr 
Di\dsion  was  sent  into  line  west  of  La  Fere  during  the  retirement  of  the  German  Army 
to  the  Hindenburg  Line  (Quessy-Travecy,  Mar.  23).  It  remained  in  the  sector  at 
La  Ffere  until  May  16. 

Russia. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  May  the  division  was  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front,  where 
it  occupied  the  sector  Goroditche-Tsirin.  It  exchanged  \^-ith  the  219th  Di^-ision, 
the  391st  Infantry  Regiment  for  the  100th  Landwehr  Granadier  Regiment. 

value — 1917   estimate. 

The  47th  Landwehr  Division  is  a  mediocre  division.  Its  retention  on  the  Russian 
front  is  a  sufficient  indication  of  its  value. 

1918. 
L'kraine. 

1.  In  Februarj'  the  47th  Landwehr  DiAlsion  left  the  Tsirin  region  and  took  part 

in  the  advance  into  the  Ukraine.     On  the  27th  of  April  it  was  between  Gomel  and 

Briansk;  on  the  5th  of  June,  in  the  ELiev  region.     It  was  identified  in  the  same  region 

several  times  subsequently,  the  last  date  of  identification  being  September  30. 

value — 191S  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAE.     479 


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480    DIVISIONS  or  German  aemy  which  participated  in  war. 

HISTORY. 

(18th  Corps  District — Hesse-Nassau  and  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse.) 

1914. 

The  48th  Reserve  DiAdsion  (belonging  to  the  24th  Reserve  Corps  with  the  47th 
Reserve  Division)  was  formed  between  August  and  October,  1914,  and  trained  at 
the  Oberhofen  Camp. 
Aktois. 

1.  Concentrated  near  Metz  in  the  middle  of  October,  the  48th  Reserve  Division 
was  transferred  on  the  25th  to  the  area  between  Armentieres  and  La  Bassee  ( Fromelles), 
while  the  47th  Reserve  Division  was  sent  to  the  Woevre. 

2.  On  November  1  the  division  held  the  line  at  Neuve  Chapelle.  Some  elements 
were  sent  farther  north,  west  of  Wytschaete,  in  the  middle  of  November. 

Russia. 

3.  At  the  end  of  November  the  48th  Reserve  Division  left  the  Western  Front  for 
Russia.  , 

Poland. 

4.  On  December  3  it  was  identified  in  Poland  in  the  vicinity  of  Kalisch  It  then 
made  a  part  of. the  X  Army  and  fought  west  of  the  Rawka,  near  Warsaw,  at  the  end  of 
December. 

1915. 

1.  The  48th  Reserve  Division  was  engaged  in  Poland  (Rawka)  until  January  28, 
1915. 

Carpathians. 

2.  On  February  2  elements  of  the  division  fought  in  the  Carpathians,  southeast  of 
Beskides.  It  was  then  assigned  to  the  German  Army  of  the  South  (^^on  Linsingen) 
and  was  opposed  to  the  Russians  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Uzsok  Ridge  (February-May). 
Galicia. 

3.  Taking  part  in  the  spring  and  summer  offensive  of  1915,  it  marched  to  Halicz  in 
May;  crossed  the  Dniester  in  the  middle  of  June;  advanced  to  Brzezany-Tarnopol 
and  was  on  the  Zlota-Lipa  at  the  end  of  July.  One  of  its  regiments,  the  224th  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment,  was  renewed  several  times;  the  list  of  losses  from  August  to  Octo- 
ber show  casualties  of  70  officers  and  4,712  men,  3,100  of  whom  were  reported  as 
missing.  The  greater  part  of  these  were  Alsace-Lorrainers  who  had  succeeded  in 
deserting. 

4.  When  the  offensive  was  resumed  in  October  and  November  the  48th  Reserve 
Division  formed  a  part  of  the  Bothmer  Army  and  progressed  from  the  Zlota-Lipa  as 
far  as  the  Stripa. 

1916. 

1.  The  48th  Reserve  Division  was  retained  at  the  Stripa,  west  of  Tarnapol,  during 
the  winter  and  spring  of  1916;  it  was  still  in  this  sector  at  the  time  of  the  Russian 
attack  (Broussilow  offensive,  June  to  September). 

ROUMANIA. 

2.  In  the  beginning  of  October  the  division  went  into  action  with  the  Falkenheim 
Army  against  Roumania,  and  fought  in  the  vicinity  of  Ilermannstadt,  then  at  Pr^ooal 
in  November. 

Galicia. 

3.  It  then  left  the  Transylvanian  front  and  went  to  eastern  Galicia.  where  it  was  a 
part  of  the  Bothmer  Army.  It  took  up  its  position  between  Brzezan,  and  the 
Dniester. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ABMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     481 

1917. 

1.  At  the  be^inniiii?  of  1917  the  224th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  left  the  division 
and  was  transferred  to  the  215th  Division,  in  process  of  reorganization. 

France. 

2.  The  48th  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  from  its  sector  in  May,  1917,  and  trans- 
ferred to  the  Western  Front  (Itinerary:  Lemberg-Jaroslav-Cracow-Oppeln-Breslau- 
Leipzig-Erfurt-Gotha-ELsenach-Frankfort  Worms  -  Sarrebruecken-Thionville-Mont- 
medy-Dun  sur  Meuse).     It  rested  in  the  vicinity  of  Stenay  from  Maj'^  27  to  June  28. 

Verdun. 

3.  It  was  first  behind  the  Verdun  front,  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse.  Toward  the 
end  of  June  it  sustained  the  artillery  preparation  for  the  French  offensive  of  July  17, 
and  sent  some  of  its  elements  in  as  reenforcements  (Hill  304-Morthomme)  on  the  day 
of  the  attack. 

4.  Senttorestand  reorganized  in  the  Stenay  area  at  the  end  of  July.  By  animportant 
draft  of  men  of  the  1918  class,  it  went  back  into  the  same  sector  (Hill  304-Corbeaux 
wood)  on  August  20,  at  the  time  of  the  new  French  attack,  and  lost  heavily  reenforcing 
and  relieving  units  of  the  6th  Reserve  Division. 

5.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  on  August  24,  it  was  employed  on  various  works  until 
September  3  and  then  sent  into  the  area  of  Damvillers. 

6.  On  September  12  it  went  into  line  north  of  Hill  344,  which  it  left  at  the  end  of  the 
month  to  go  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Morhange. 

Lorraine-Alsace. 

7.  After  holding  the  lines  in  Lorraine  (middle  of  October  to  the  middle  of  November) 
northeast  of  Arracourt,  the  48.th  Reserve  Division  was  sent  to  Alsace  and  went  to  rest 
for  two  months  in  the  Adcinity  of  Enisheim. 

recruiting. 

Mixed  upon  formation  U  Thuringian  Regiment),  the  division  became,  in  theory, 
a  Hessian  Drvdsion.  The  Alsace-Lorrainers  were  very  numerous  during  its  stay  on 
the  Russian  front,  whence  the  desertions  en  masse  from  the  224th  Infantry  Regiment 
in  the  summer  of  1915. 

VALUE— 1917   ESTIMATE. 

At  the  end  of  June,  1917,  the  48th  Reserve  Division,  coming  from  the  Russian  front, 
went  into  line  at  Hill  304,  after  a  month's  rest  near  Stenay.  But  as  the  men  were  not 
accustomed  to  the  acti\'ity  of  the  western  front  and  were  imable  to  sustain  artillery 
fire  for  a  long  time,  they  could  only  be  kept  in  this  sector  for  a  few  days. 

During  the  French  attack  of  August  20  the  48th  Reserve  Di\ision  played  only  a 
passive  role. 

The  48th  Reserve  Division  must  be  classed  among  the  mediocre  divisions  (Decem- 
ber, 1917). 

1918. 

1.  About  March  1  the  division  was  relieved  by  the  22d  Reserve  Division  and  went 
into  resen'e  in  Alsace.  It  left  that  sector  about  April  1  and  came  into  line  on  the  14th 
southwest  of  Vieux  Berquin.  It  was  engaged  in  that  locality  imtil  its  relief  on  the 
night  of  May  26-27  by  the  32d  Division. 

Vieux  Berquin. 

2.  The  division  rested  in  the  Lille  area  until  June  28,  when  it  returned  to  its  former 
sector  at  Vieux  Berquin.  Its  stay  here  was  short.  On  July  3  it  was  relieved  by  the 
39th  Division  and  entrained  at  Laventie  the  next  day  for  Douai. 

125651°— 20 31 


482      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

SCARPE. 

3.  On  the  night  of  July  6-7  the  division  relieved  the  187th  Division  southwest  of 
Ga\Telle.  Throughout  Angiist  and  September  the  division"  held  this  sector.  It  was 
relieved  north  of  the  Scarpe  on  the  night  of  October  5-6  and  moved  south. 

4.  The  division  was  used  to  reenforce  the  Cambrai-St.  Quentin  front  near  Cambrai 
on  October  7.  Thereafter  almost  until  the  day  of  the  armistice  the  division  was 
engaged  in  opposing  the  British  advance.  The  direction  of  its  retreat  was  through 
Awoingt  (10th ),  Saulzoir  (ISIJi),  Montrecourt  (14th),  north  of  Haussy  (17th ),  Vendegies 
(24th),  Maresches  (Nov.  1),  Jenlain  (4th).  The  division  received  drafts  from  the 
dissolved  118th  Reserve  Regiment  (25th  Reserve  Di\ision)  in  late  October.  It  was 
withdrawn  from  line  about  November  5. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  In  1918  it  was  engaged  entirely  in  de- 
fensive eectora  and  performed  with  credit. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.    483 


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484      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(38th  Landsturm:  Brandenburg  and  Alsace.    40th  Landstiirm:  Prussian  Saxony,  West- 
phalia and  the  Rhine  Province.     47th  Landsturm:  Hesse  and  Thuringia.) 

1917. 
Lorraine. 

1.  The  48th  Landwehr  Division  appears  tf)  have  been  formed  on  the  Lorraine  front 
in  September,  1917,  by  the  grouping  of  three  new  regiments — the  38th  Landsturm, 
the  39th  Landsturm  (Wurttemberg),  and  the  47th  Landsturm— the  elements  of  which 
had  pre\'iously  been  employed  behind  the  front  or  in  calm  sectors. 

2.  In  September,  1917,  the  48th  Landwehr  Di\'ision  occupied  the  sect^ir  of  A\Ti- 
court  (Leintrey-Gondrexon,  Embermenil). 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  48th  Landwehr  Division  is  composed  of  troops  of  mediocre  value. 

The  average  age  of  the  men  is  40  years.  A  certain  number  of  young  sfjldiers  of  the 
1918  class  are  to  be  found  in  most  of  the  units.  Sent  into  these  Landsturm  di\'isions 
because  of  their  reduced  physical  fitness,  they  left  them  for  active  or  resen^e  units  as 
soon  as  they  became  hardened. 

There  is  a  divisional  assault  company  which  has  never  shown  any  offensive  activity 

(Julv,  1918). 

1918. 

1.  The  di\'ision  continued  to  hold  the  Delme  sector  until  the  armistice.  Nothing 
occurred  to  disturb  the  tranquility  of  that  part  of  the  front. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class.  The  average  age  of  its  effectives  was  near 
40  years.    At  no  time  did  the  division  take  part  in  any  fighting. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     485 


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486      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony  and  part  of  Thuringia.) 

1914. 
East  Prussia. 

1.  The  4nth  Reserve  Di\-ision,  forming  the  25th  Reserve  Corps  ^dth  the  50th  Reserve 
Division,  was  formed  between  August  and  October,  1914,  trained  at  the  Warthe  Camp, 
and  sent  to  East  Prussia  on  October  14,  1914,  as  a  part  of  the  8th  Army  (Von  Hinden- 
burg). 

Poland. 

2.  It  took  part  in  the  offensive  in  Poland  between  the  Vistula  and  the  Warta  at  the 
end  of  October,  escaped  from  the  enveloping  movement  attemj)ted  by  the  Russians 
1)efore  Lodz  (Xov.  25),  and  fought  on  the  front  of  the  Bzura,  Rawka,  Bolimow,  where 
it  was  repulsed  in  December. 

1915. 
Poland. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  Januarj^  1915,  the  49th  Reserv^e  Div-ision  was  again  engaged 
on  the  Bzura  and  remained  in  this  area  until  the  summer  of  the  same  year.  In  June 
it  transferred  the  227th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  107th  Division,  a  new 
formation. 

2.  Advancing  in  August  with  the  Hindenburg  offensive,  it  entered  Warsaw  on 
August  7,  took  part  in  the  pursuit  of  the  Russians  in  the  sector  of  Skierniewicz,  and 
stopped  near  Baranovitchi  (Tsirin). 

1916. 

1.  The  49th  Reserve  Division  was  still-  occupying  the  sector  north  of  Baranovitchi 
when  the  Russian  offensive  broke  out  in  this  region  in  July,  1916.  At  this  time 
elemerMf%f^th*d  division  were  sent  to  reenforce  the  35th  Austrian  Division  between 
Baranovitchi  and  the  north  of  Pri])et.  This  latter  division  was  reliev^ed  a  short 
time  afterwards  by  the  49th  Reserve  Division. 

Galicla. 

2.  Sent  into  Galicia,  the  division  held  the  lines  southwest  of  Brody  at  the  beginning 
of  October.     At  this  time  the  225th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  sent  to  Roimiania. 

Carpathians. 

3.  Made  up  only  of  the  226th  and  22Sth  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments,  the  49th  Reserve 
Division  opposed  the  Russians  on  the  Narajowka,  theli,  at  the  beginning  of  December 
and  until  Januaiy,  1917,  fought  in  the  Carpathians  in  the  vicinity  of  Worochta. 

1917. 
Roumanla. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  49th  Reserve  Division  rejoined  the  225th  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  (Roumania)  in  the  valley  of  Uz. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  January  it  was  transferred  to  the  Western  Front.  (Itinerary: 
Szekely-Udvarhely  -  Goborin  -  Budapest  -  Oderlierg  -  Oppcln  -  Breslau  -  Goerlitz- 
Dresden-Leipzig-Halle-Liege-Mons-St.  Ghislain,  detraining  on  Jan.  22.) 

France. 

3.  After  a  rest  of  two  months  in  the  vicinity  of  Mons,  then  in  the  vicinity  of  Lille, 
the  49th  Reserve  Division  went  into  line  east  of  Armenti&res,  south  of  Frelinghien 
on  March  20. 

Artois. 

4.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  April,  it  was  engaged  almost  at  once  in  the  sector  of  Fon- 
taine lea  Croisilles,  Bullecovut  (southeast  of  Arras),  where  it  suffered  very  heavily 


DIVISTOlSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  TX  WAR.      487 

from  May  1  to  May  21.  On  June  1  (^,  after  reorganization,  tlie  ranks  of  the  228th  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  contained  more  than  two-fifths  new  recruits;  more  than  one-fifth 
of  the  men  belonged  to  the  1918  class. 

Flander-s. 

5.  Sent  to  rest  and  to  be  reorganized  during  the  month  of  June  in  the  Aacinity  of 
Tournai-Audenarde,  it  went  into  line  at  the  end  of  June  in  the  sector  of  Steenstraat- 
Bixschoote  (north  of  Ypres),  and  suffered  heavy  losses  during  the  artillery  preparation 
which  preceded  the  Franco-British  attack  of  July  21.  On  July  28  it  was  withdrawn 
from  the  front  before  the  attack. 

Artois. 

6.  The  49th  Reserve  Di^^sion  rested  and  was  reorganized  in  the  month  of  August 
between  Lille  and  Tournai,  and  in  September  took  over  its  old  Artois  sectot  (Croisilles- 
Bullecourt) ,  from  which  place  it  Avas  relieved  at  the  end  of  October. 

7.  After  occupjdng  the  sector  south  of  the  Ypres-Menin  road  until  November  21,  it 
went  into  action  about  Xovemljer  26  in  the  same  sector  of  Croisilles-BuUecourt 
(Cambrai  attack). 

8.  At  the  end  of  December,  the  49th  ReserA-e  Division  was  resting  in  the  Tourcoing 
area. 

RECRUITING. 

Formed  at  the  beginning  by  contingents  from  the  5th  and  6th  Corps  Districts  (Posen 
and  Silesia)  the  Di\dsion,  beginning  with  the  summer  of  1915,  received  most  of  its 
reenforcements  from  the  4th  Corps  District.  At  the  present  time  it  is  entirely  Saxo- 
Thuringian. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  49th  Reserve  DlAdsion  is  considered  a  good  division. 

It  fought  well  in  Artois  in  May  1917.  Northi  of  Ypres  it  suffered  heavily  by  the 
Franco- British  bombardment  at  the  end  of  July,  1917.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  under 
artillery  fire  units  in  the  first  line  scattered  and  fled.  The  remnants  of  the  advanced 
elements  deserted  (30  men). 

On  July  25,  1917,  the  226th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  received  replacements  of 
500  to  700  men,  principally  of  the  1918  class. 

1918. 
Messines. 

1.  About  April  6  the  division  temporarily  Avithdrew  to  reser\'e.  It  returned  on  the 
11th  and  carried  out  a  divisional  attack  on  Messines.  It  was  engaged  until  about 
April  25. 

Ypres. 

2.  Two  days  later  the  division  relieved  the  13th  Reserve  Division  south  of  Ypres, 
which  in  turn  relieved  it  about  May  2.  It  remained  in  rear  of  the  front  while  resting 
and  was  engaged  east  of  Bixschoote  on  May  10.  Here  the  division  remained  until 
June  14,  when  the  29th  Division  relieved  it.  The  division  rested  in  the  Bruges  area 
until  July  10,  when  it  returned  to  its  former  sector  northeast  of  Ypres.  It  held  this 
sector  until  about  August  27,  when  the  11th  Bav^arian  Division  relieved  it. 

3.  The  division  entrained  at  Hoogledc  August  27  and  traveled  to  Courtrai,  where  it 
halted  one  day.  On  August  28  it  moved  to  Iwuy,  from  where  it  marched  to  Lallaing 
(near  Douai)  two  days  later.  On  September  1  the  division  came  into  line  near  Fremi- 
court.     It  was  engaged  until  about  September  16. 

Scarpe-Somme. 

4.  The  division  rested  in  the  Cambrai  area  until  September  27,  where  it  was  identi- 
fied in  line  west  of  Gaincourt.     It  again  retired  from  the  front  about  October  1  and 


488    Divisioisrs  of  germais^  army  which  participated  ix  war. 

rested  in  the  Eswars  area.     On  the  Scarpe-Somme  front  in  September  the  division  lost 
1,100  prisoners. 

5.  On  the  night  of  October  11-12  the  diATsion  was  again  in  line  at  Courcelles  les  Lens. 
After  holding  this  rather  quiet  sector  for  a  week  the  division  moved  north  and  on 
October  29  appeared  on  the  Ypres  front  at  Anseghem  in  relief  of  the  7th  Cavalry 
Division.  It  continued  in  line  "until  the  armistice.  The  last  identification  was  west 
of  Audenarde  on  November  2. 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  used  as  a  holding  division  in 
important  sectors  on  the  British  front  during  1918. 


Dmsioisrs  of  German  army  which  participated  in  war.   489 


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490      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 

1915. 

The  50th  Division  (one  of  the  new  di\'isions  in  the  50  to  58  series)  was  formed  in 
March,  1915,  by  takiii?  three  regiments  from  the  three  (Ii^-isions  of  the  7th  Corps  and 
7th  Reserve  Corps  (the  13th  Division  giving  the  158th  Infantry,  the  14th  Division 
the  53d,  and  the  14th  Reserve  Division  the  39th  Fiisileer  Di\Tsion),  all  Westphalian 
Regiments. 

1.  At  the  end  of  March,  1915,  the  158th  and  53d  Infantry  Regiments  were  identi- 
fied at  Hirson  (Aisne),  while  the  39th  Fusileer  Regiment  was  still  between  Perthes 
and  Tahure.  In  April  the  division  was  concentrated  and  was  identified  in  Cham- 
pagne, May  14  (area  south  of  Somme-Py). 

Champagne. 

2.  From  Jime  to  October  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Tahure  (north  of  Perthes  and 
Mesnil  les  Hurlus).  It  there  underwent  the  French  offensive  of  the  end  of  Septem- 
ber, which  caused  it  very  heavy  losses — ^infantry,  130  officers  and  7,849  men  casual- 
ties; the  100th  Company  of  Pioneers  lost  5  officers  and  135  men. 

3.  Sent  to  rest  and  reorganized  in  the  \'icinity  of  Vouziers  and  of  JimiAdlle  (end  of 
October  to  the  end  of  November),  it  reappeared  on  November  7  north  of  Prosnes 
(east  of  Reims). 

1916. 
Champagne. 

1.  In  April,  1916,  the  dixdsion  left  the  sector  of  Prosnes-Primay,  for  the  front  north- 
east of  Verdun  (Ornes). 

Verdun-Vaux. 

2.  Going  into  action,  at  the  beginning  of  May,  north  of  Vaux,  it  took  part  in  the 
attacks  launched  upon  the  line  Caillette  wood-Damloup  (June  1  to  Jime  3),  which 
ended  in  the  capture  of  the  fort  of  Vaux  by  the  158th  Infantry  Regiment  on  June  4. 

3.  Very  much  exhausted  by  these  battles,  the  di\'ision  was  sent  to  rest  and  reor- 
ganized in  the  Adcinity  of  Etain  in  June  and  July. 

4.  In  July  elements  of  the  di^'ision  occupied  the  calm  sectors  of  the  Woevre. 

5.  At  the  end  of  July  the  50th  Di\ision  went  back  into  line  at  Verdim,  south  of  the 
fort  of  Vaux.  It  launched  an  attack  on  August  1  (La  Lauf^e),  underwent  the  French 
offensives  of  August  8  and  October  24,  suffering  heaA'y  losses,  and  held  this  sector 
until  November. 

Argonne. 
6..  Sent  to  the  .\rgonne,  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Vauquois. 

1917. 

1.  Withdrawn  from  the  Argonne  on  February  15,  1917,  the  division  remained  at 
rest  in  the  area  of  Saulces-CharapenoLse  until  the  end  of  March,  then  in  the  camp  at 
Sissonne,  then  at  Thenailles,  near  Vervins  (beginning  of  April). 

AlSNE.  • 

2.  Concentrated  on  April  8,  it  went  into  action  on  the  15th  at  Juvincourt  and  there 
underwent  the  French  attack  of  April  15.  After  heavy  losses  it  was  relieved  between 
April  29-April  27  and  went  for  reorganization  to  Nizy  le  Comte,  near  the  Sissonne 
Camp. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

3.  About  May  10,  the  di\'ision  went  back  into  lino  east  of  Aliment  on  the  Chemin 
des  Dames. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     491 

4.  It  was  sent  to  rest  in  July  in  the  viciiflty  of  Mons  en  Laonnois,  Ooucy  les  Eppes, 
Parfondm. 

5.  At  the  beginning  of  August,  it  came  back  to  the  Chemin  des  Dames  (^^cinity  of 
AOles),  where,  on  October  15,  the  9th  Company  of  the  158th  Infantry-  Regiment 
was  reduced  to  50  men,  including  officers  (letter).  Following  the  French  offensive 
upon  La  Malmaison,  the  50th  Di\dsion  retired  on  November  1,  to  the  north  of  the 
Ailette  toward  Neuville  (outside  of  Chamouille)  and  was  still  occupying  this  sector 
in  December. 

RECRUITING. 

Upon  its  formation  the  di\dsion  was  composed  of  Westphalian  troops.  The  recruit- 
ing is  still  almost  exclusively  Westphalian. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Since  the  battle  of  Vaux  in  June,  1916,  the  division  likes  to  consider  itself  a  shock 
division. 

Its  prolonged  stay  on  the  Ailette  front  (August  to  December)  seems  to  mean  that 
it  had  to  be  put  at  rest  for  a  fairly  long  time  before  being  engaged  in  an  active  sector. 

It  must  be  regarded  as  a  good  division,  capable  of  putting  up  a  vigorous  defense 
(December). 

1918. 

1.  The  50th  Division  was  withdrawn  from  line  near  Ailles  (west  of  Craonne)  on 
January  9,  the  neighboring  divisions  extending  their  fronts,  and  moved  by  easy 
stages  to  the  Chimay  area,  where  it  arrived  on  the  14th.  It  remained  here  for  a  month 
during  which  time  it  was  thoroughly  trained  in  open  warfare  and  brought  up  to 
strength.  It  then  moved  to  the  La  Capelle-Fontenelle  area  for  rest  and  further 
training. 

St.  Quentin. 

2.  The  middle  of  March  the  division  moved  up  to  the  front,  and  on  the  21st  attacked 
in  the  front  lino  southwest  of  St.  Quentin ;  it  captured  Holnon  during  the  day,  Etreillers 
on  the  22d,  Hangest  en  Santerre  on  the  29th,  and  reached  Moreuil  on  the  30th.  It 
was  \vithdrawn  about  April  1,  after  having  suffered  severely  heavy  losses,  and  went 
to  rest,  refit,  and  train  in  the  Lassigny  region. 

AlSNE. 

3.  On  May  27,  the  di%'ision  attacked  near  Craonne,  reached  Pontavert  toward 
noon  and  crossed  the  Aisne.  The  following  day  it  crossed  the  Vesle  west  of  Breuil 
sur  Vesle  and  continued  to  the  south,  where  a  French  counterattack  was  repelled. 
On  the  30th  it  reached  Goussancourt,  and  then  the  Marne  east  of  Dormans.  After 
having  suffered  severe  losses,  it  was  relieved  by  the  28th  Reserve  Division  during 
the  night  of  June  12-13,  and  went  to  rect  in  the  Laon  region. 

Rheims. 

4.  On  the  19th  of  July  the  division  was  thrown  into  line  just  southwest  of  Rheims 
to  meet  the  Allies'  tightening  at  the  bases  of  the  Chateau-Thierry  salient.  It  was 
withdrawn  early  in  August. 

5.  About  the  30th  of  September  it  came  back  into  line  northwest  of  Rheims,  near 
Prouilly  and  Cormicy.  It  remained  here,  and  was  driven  back— lighting  stubbornly — 
passing  near  Brimont,  Guignicourt,  and  Banogne,  where  it  was  withdrawn  on  the 
7th  of  November. 

Meuse. 

6.  After  a  day's  rest,  the  division  was  put  l)ack  into  line  on  the  8th  near  Mezi^res; 
it  had  not  been  withdrawn  when  the  armistice  was  signed. 


492      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

VALUE — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  50th  is  rated  as  a  first-class  division.  It  distinguished  itself  in  the  fighting 
during  1918.  After  the  Somme  offensive,  it  was  praised  by  Prof.  Wegener  in  the 
Koelnische  Zeitung.  Immediately  after  the  battle  of  the  Aisne  Maj.  Fritsch,  in 
command  of  the  158th  Regiment,  was  awarded  Pour  le  M^rite.  After  the  Allied 
counteroffensive,  Lieut.  Gen.  v.  Engelhuhten,  the  division  commander,  was  decorated 
and  made  governor  of  Riga,  and  the  commander  of  the  53d  Regiment  was  also  dec- 
orated. The  58th  Regiment  was  mentioned  as  ha\ing  particularly  distinguished 
itself  in  the  fighting  near  Banogne  in  the  German  communique  of  October  30.  Losses 
suffered  throughout  the  year  were  enormoiis,  but  the  High  Command  did  all  in  its 
power  to  make  these  good.  There  are  no  desertions  of  record  since  July  1,  1917. 
The  morale  was  very  good,  everything  being  taken  into  consideration. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  .\RMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     493 


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494      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  xlEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(10th  Corps  District — Hanover  and  Brunswick.) 

1914. 

1.  Tlie  50th  Reserve  Di^^sion  (belonging  to  the  1st  series  of  di^isions  created 
between  August  and  October,  1914),  foi-med  a  pait  of  the  25th  Reserve  Corps  with  the 
49th  Reserve  Division.  It  received  its  training,  at  the  time  of  its  formation,  in  the 
Alten-Grabow  Camp  in  the  4th  Corps  District. 

Poland. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  October  the  50th  Reserve  Di^ision  and  the  49th  Reserve  Divi- 
sion belonged  to  the  8th  Army  (Von  Hindenburg)  and  took  part  in  the  second  German 
offensive  in  Poland  (battles  between  the  Vistula  and  the  A\'arta  in  October,  Lodz  in 
November,  on  the  Bziu^a-Rawka  front  in  December). 

Since  November  the  25th  Reserve  Corjjs  has  belonged  to  the  9th  Army. 

1915. 

1.  Engaged  in  the  operations  along  the  Bziu-a  (region  of  Bolimow)  during  the  -winter 
and  spring  of  1915,  the  50th  Reserve  Di\-ision  took  part  in  the  summer  offensive  of 
Von  Hindenburg  and  pursued  the  Russians  to  the  vicinity  of  BaranoAitchi.  In  June 
it  transferred  the  232d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  107th  Di^'ision,  a  new 
formation. 

2.  In  September  the  25th  Reserve  Corps  was  dissolved — the  49th  Reserve  Di\'ision 
remained  in  Russia,  the  50th  Reserved  Di\ision  was  transferred  to  the  A\'estern  Front. 
The  division  entrained  at  Kovno  on  October  7.  (Itinerary:  Koenigsberg-Marienburg- 
Stettin-Hambiu-g-Bremen-Osnabrueck-Muenster-Aix  la  Chapelle-Namur-Givet.)  It 
detrained  at  Rethel  October  13-14. 

France-Champagne. 

3.  On  October  16  the  50th  Reserve  Di^-ision  was  sent  to  Champagne.  It  cooperated 
in  the  gas  attack  of  October  27  in  the  vicinity  of  Rheims  and  remained  in  line  until 
December  19. 

Artois. 

4.  Entraining  at  Witry  les  Rheims  for  Douai  on  December  21,  it  took  over  the  sector 
Roclincourt,  east  of  Neu\ille-St.  Vaast. 

1916. 

1.  Having  lost  heavily  at  Neuville-St.  Vaast,  the  50th  Reserve  Division  was  with- 
drawn from  from  this  sector  in  March,  1916,  and  south  of  Armenti^res  (Grenier  wood), 
from  April  to  September.     It  rested  in  this  calm  sector. 

SOMME. 

2.  Abo\it  December  16  the  di\ision  was  relieved  and  went  into  action  on  the  Somme 
(Martinpuich-Flers),  from  September  20  to  28.    It  suffered  very  heavily  there. 

3.  From  October  6  to  November  11  it  occupied  the  sector  south  of  the  canal  of 
La  Bass^e  (northeast  of  Vermelles). 

4.  The  di^■ision  returned  to  the  Somme,  on  both  banks  of  the  Ancre  (near  Mirau- 
mont,  Grandcourt),  about  November  20,  and  remained  in  this  active  sector  untU 
December  22. 

5.  At  the  end  of  December  it  went  to  rest  in  the  \icinity  of  Valenciennes. 

1917. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  elements  of  the  50th  Reserve  Division  were  in  reserve 
at  Achiet  le  Petit. 


DIVISIOISrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     495 

SOMME. 

2.  At  the  end  of  January  the  50th  Reserve  Division  came  back  into  line  north 
of  the  Ancre  (Beaumont-Hamel) ;  it  lost  heavily  there  (200  prisoners)  on  February  11. 

3.  Withdrawn  from  the  Somme  front  at  the  beginning  of  March,  it  went  into  line 
east  of  Transloy  (south  of  Bapaume)  on  March  13.  It  \vithdrew  to  the  Ilindenbiu-g 
Line,  near  Metz  en  Couture  (southwest  of  Cambrai),  and  remained  there  from  the  end 
of  March  to  April  18. 

Artois. 

4.  After  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Douai  imtil  the  middle  of  May,  the  division  took 
over  the  sector  of  Oppy-Gavrelle,  northeast  of  Arras,  where  it  did  not  take  part  in 
any  important  action  (May  18  to  June  10). 

Flanders. 

5.  Transferred  to  the  Ypres  front  about  June  11,  in  anticipation  of  the  British 
attack,  it  was  kept  in  reserve  in  the  viciiuty  of  Roulers  until  July  24. 

6.  On  July  31  the  50th  Reserve  Division  went  into  action  in  St.  Julien  and  suffered 
heavy  losses  while  fighting  for  the  possession  of  the  \Tllage  (Aug.  1-2). 

7.  Relieved  on  August  10  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  \'icinty  of  Mons  and  went  back 
into  line  on  September  20,  was  engaged  on  the  26th  in  the  vicinity  of  Ghelu^•elt,  and 
left  the  Ypres  front  on  October  3,  after  serious  losses — the  1st  Company  of  the  231st 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  reduced  to  15  men  after  September  21,  the  6th  Com- 
pany to  28.    (British  Summary  of  Information,  Oct.  24.) 

Lille. 

8.  At  the  end  of  October  it  took  o^■er  a  sector  in  the  A-ieimty  of  Lille  (Fromelles) 
(until  the  middle  of  December). 

Cambrai. 

9.  It  then  occupied  the  lines  before  Cambrai  south  of  Marcoing  and  Masniferes 

(Dec.  21-Jan.  31,  1918). 

recruiting. 

At  the  beginning  the  50th  Reserve  Division  was  composed  of  drafts  from  Silesia  and 
Prussian  Saxony,  but  after  the  end  of  1915  it  recei^'ed  most  of  its  replacements  from 
the  10th  Cori^s  District.  The  229th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  is  from  Brunswick; 
the  two  others  from  Hanover.  In  certain  documents  we  find  the  division  designated 
as  "troops  from  lower  Saxony." 

value — 1917  estimate. 

The  50th  Reserve  Di\-ision  took  part  in  a  great  number  of  battles. 
Its  morale  was  shaken  by  the  heavy  losses  which  it  suffered;  it  has  improved  very 
much. 
The  division  fought  com])aratively  well  at  Ypres. 

1918. 

1.  The  50th  Reserve  Division  was  withdrawn  from  line  south  of  Marcoing  on  the 
31st  of  Januan.-,  the  neighboring  divisions  extending  their  fronts,  and  went  to  the 
area  east  of  Cambrai,  where  it  received  training  in  open  warfare. 

Picardy. 

2.  On  the  13th  of  March  the  division  marched  from  Cagnoncles  via  Carni^res  and 
Catteniferes  to  Esnes,  and  on  the  17th  proceeded  to  Villers  Outr^aux.  On  the  20th 
it  came  into  line  southwest  of  Cambrai  and  took  part  in  the  attack  of  the  2l8t.  The  divi- 
sion suffered  ^  ery  heavy  losses  and  was  relieved  by  the  9th  Reserve  Division  on  the 
22d,  going  to  rest  at  Li^ramont  (northeast  of  P^ronne). 


496      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

3.  On  the  23d  the  divisioJi  followed  u])  the  advance  behind  the  9th  lleserve  Divi- 
sion via  St.  Pie^re-^'aast  wood  (24th),  Rancourt-Oombles  (25th),  Montauban  (26th), 
Fricoiirt  (27th),  and  on  the  following:  day  went  into  line  southwest  of  Albert,  carrying 
out  an  unsuccessful  attack.  In  another  attack  against  the  ridge  west  of  Dernancourt 
on  April  5  the  division  was  beaten  back  A\-ith  heavy  losses.  It  was  relieved  on  the 
9th  and  went  to  rest  at  Maricourt. 

4.  During  the  night  of  April  17-18  it  relieved  the  18th  Division  near  Morlancourt 
(south  of  Albert).  It  was  relieved  by  the  199th  Di\dsion  early  in  May  and  went  to 
rest  and  refit  in  the  Solesmes  area. 

5.  On  the  24th  of  May  it  traveled  by  rail  to  Montaubaji  (south  of  Albert),  marched 
Ada  ^laricourt  to  Garnoy  the  following  day,  and  came  into  line  during  the  night  of 
May  27th-28th  south  of  Albert.  It  was  relieved  by  the  54th  Reser\:e  Division  on 
June  28  and  went  to  rest-  near  Cambrai. 

SOISSONS. 

6.  On  the  19th  of  July  the  division  entrained  at  Le  Cateau  and  traveled  via  St. 
Quentin  to  Chauny,  where  it  was  loaded  on  trucks  and  sent  to  the  Foret  de  Pinon. 
On  the  28th  it  relieved  the  20th  Division  near  Buzancy  (south  of  Soissons).  Here  it 
was  gradually  forced  to  retire  toward  the  northeast,  w^as  finally  withdrawn  to  the  north 
of  Braine  about  the  20th  of  August,  and  went  to  the  region  between  Laval  and  Laon. 

7.  The  presence  of  elements  of  the  231st  Reserve  Regiment  was  reported  the  4th  of 
September  west  of  Vauxaillon,  and  on  the  6th  to  the  south  of  Neu\dlle  sous  Margival, 
the  rest  of  the  regiment  being  in  the  Urcel-Laval  region. 

8.  On  September  14  the  whole  division  went  back  into  line  east  of  Soissons  near 
the  Meimejean  Farm.  This  was  surrounded  by  the  French  on  the  15th.  The  follow- 
ing day  Sancy  fell  to  them,  too.  The  same  day  the  plateau  to  the  east  and  northeast 
of  the  ^lennejean  J'arm  was  captured.  On  the  18th  the  diAision  lost  still  more  ground 
and  ])risoners;  it  was  withdrawn  on  the  21st  and  went  to  rest  near  St.  Pierre  a  Arnea 
(south  of  Machault). 

Rheims. 

9.  On  the  2d  of  October  the  division  came  back  into  line  northeast  of  Rheims, 
near  B6theny.  and  went  through  very  heavy  fighting.  It  was  still  in  line  on  Novem- 
ber 11. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

On  October  11  the  following  was  Avritten:  "The  diAdsion  did  fairly  well  in  its  recent 
encounters,  the  men,  though  lacking  in  enthusiasm,  seeming  possessed  by  a  dogged 
determination  to  do  what  they  conceived  to  be  their  duty.  The  morale,  which  was 
good,  has  been  very  much  lowered  by  recent  losses. ' '  That  this  statement  is  erroneous 
seems  to  be  proved  by  the  fact  that  the  German  communiques  of  October  22,  Novem- 
ber 1  and  2,  say  that  the  division  "had  shown  particular  merit  in  the  recent  fighting, 
retook  their  position  in  counterattack  and  re])ulsed  hostile  attacks,"  "bore  the  brunt 
of  the  fighting  *  *  *  without  showing  signs  of  weariness, ' '  and  "again  maintained 
their  positions  against  heavy  attacks."  Therefore,  although  the  division  suffered 
heavy  losses,  especially  in  the  spring,  it  is  still  to  be  considered  as  second  class. 


DIVISIOjS^S  of  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     497 


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498      DIVISIOIs^S  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(11th  Corps  District — Electorate  of  Hesse  audThuringia.) 

1914. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  51st  Reserve  Division  (of  the  series  of  divisions  created  between  August 
and  October,  1914),  forming  the  26th  Reserve  Corps  with  the  52d  Reserve  Division, 
went  into  action  northeast  of  Ypres  in  the  middle  of  October.  It  fought  on  the  line 
Cortemarck-Moorslede  on  the  22d,  reached  Langemarck  on  the  24th,  and  finally 
took  up  its  position  near  Poelcappelle. 

1915. 

Ypres. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  area  northeast  of  Ypres  (Poelcappelle,  Langemarck, 
St.  Julien)  during  the  entire  year  of  1915,  and  until  September,  1916.  In  September, 
1916,  it  transferred  the  233d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  195th  Division,  a 
new  formation,  in  consequence  of  the  Russian  advance  in  Galicia. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  On  September  16,  1916,  the  51st  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  from  the  sector 
of  Wieltje  (north  of  the  Ypres-Zonnebeke  road)  and  transferred  to  the  Somme.  It 
went  into  action  between  Comities  and  Morval  about  December  18  and  suffered  vcrj' 
heavy  losses  from  the  British  attack  of  the  26th. 

Champagne. 

2.  After  occupjdng  the  Lille  front  (Neuve  Chapelle)  for  a  few  days,  the  division 
was  sent  to  Champagne  at  the  beginning  of  October. 

It  took  over  the  sector  of  Tahure-Rouvroy  (south  of  Ripont)  in  the  middle  of 
October. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  51st  Reserve  Division  remained  on  the  Massiges  front  until  the  middle  of 
May,  1917,  with  a  short  rest  at  the  end  of  February. 

2.  It  was  engaged  in  the  attacks  on  Maisons  de  Champagne  in  March,  and  suffered 
quite  hea\"ily. 

3.  In  the  middle  of  Maj^  it  went  into  line  near  Nauroy  and  Moronvilliers  (Casque- 
Mont  Haut),  where  it  lost  heavily. 

4.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  about  June  8,  it  returned,  after  a  short  rest  in  the 
vicinity  of  Marbaux,  to  the  sector  east  of  Tahvire  (June  22-Aug.  10). 

Meuse. 

5.  Brought  back  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse,  after  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sedan- 
Montmedy,  the  division  occupied  the  sector  of  Samogneux-Hill  344,  al)out  August 
22,  and  lost  heavily  (French  attack  of  Aug.  25,  German  attack  of  Sept.  9). 
Champagne. 

G.  It  was  relieved  about  September  12  and  sent  to  rest  behind  the  Champagne 
front. 

RECRUITING. 

Mixed  at  the  time  of  its  formation,  the  division  is  actually  recruited  in  the  11th 
Corps  District  (Electorate  of  Hesse  and  Thuringia),  and  is  so  designated  in  various 
documents.  Beginning  with  March  13,  1917,  it  has  received  young  men  of  the  1918 
class  who  have  less  than  four  months'  training  (236th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment). 

VALUE — 19l7   ESTIMATE. 

The  5l8t  Reserve  Division  was  good  at  the  beginning  of  the  war,  but  now  appears 
mediocre. 
Health  conditions  seem  to  be  poor  (August,  1917). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR.     499 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  51st  Reserve  Division  remained  in  the  Vouziers  being  trained  until  about 
the  20th  of  January,  when  it  relieved  the  52d  Di\ision  near  the  Butte  du  Mesuil.  It 
was  relieved  early  in  March  and  went  to  the  Vouziers-Rethel  area,  where  it  received 
some  more  training  in  open  warfare. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  On  the  20th  it  entrained,  and  arrived  at  Etreux  (north  of  Guise)  the  following 
day.  From  there  it  marched  \-ia  St.  (^uentin-Ham-Roye-FaveroIles  to  Montdidier, 
where  it  arrived  on  the  30th.  The  following  day  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Ayencourt 
(south  of  Montdidier),  relieving  the  9th  Division.  It  was  relieved  by  the  2d  Division 
during  the  night  of  the  lst-2d  of  May  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Chimay  area. 

AlSNE. 

3.  On  the  30th  of  May  the  division,  thoroughly  rested  and  brought  up  to  strength, 
reenforced  the  battle  front  near  Vauxbuin  (southwest  of  Soissons).  Here  it  became 
heavily  engaged  and  suffered  severe  losses,  especially  the  first  two  days.  It  was 
relieved  near  Cutry  (southwest  of  Soissons)  on  June  16,  and  went  to  rest  near  Oulchy 
le  Chateau. 

4.  During  the  night  of  July  19-20,  the  division  reenforced  the  front  near  Blanzy 
(south  of  Soissons).  Here  it  became  heavily  engaged.  It  was  forced  back  })y  the 
Allied  counteroffensiv'e,  and  was  withdrawn  from  line  south  of  Braine  early  in 
August.     It  went  to  rest  near  Marie. 

Ch.\mpagne. 

5.  On  September  28  the  division  entered  line  near  Somme-Py  (north  of  Suippes). 
Here  it  was  badly  handled  and  had  to  be  withdrawn  on  the  4th  of  October,  when  it 
had  been  driven  back  to  St.  Etienne  k  Py.  It  then  rested  for  a  day  or  two  near 
Vouziers. 

OlSE. 

6.  On  the  6th  it  entrained  at  Vouziers  and  Vrizy  and  arriv'ed  at  La  Ferte-Chevre- 
sis  two  days  later.  It  was  then  put  on  trucks  and  moved  up  to  the  front,  taking  over 
the  Bernot-Origny  sector  (east  of  St.  Quentin)  on  the  8th.  It  was  withdrawn  about 
the  15th. 

Champagne. 

7.  After  having  rested  a  fortnight  between  the  Oi.se  and  the  Aisne,  the  division 
entered  line  east  of  Rethel  on  the  3 1st,  remaining  in  line  imtil  the  signing  of  the 
armistice. 

VALUE^-1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  51st  Reserve  is  to  be  considered  a  good  .second-class  division.  It  did  not 
distinguish  itself  by  any  brilliant  fighting,  but  it  did  acquit  itself  in  the  battles  of  the 
Somme  and  the  Aisne  and  during  the  Allied  counteroffensive.  It  suffered  exceed- 
ingly heavy  losses,  but  these  were  in  large  measure  made  good  by  drafts  of  I9I9  class 
recruits. 


500     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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502      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(14th  Corps  District  — Grand  Duchy  oT  Baden.) 

1915. 

The  52d  Division  (of  the  even  50  to  58  series)  was  formed  in  March,  1915,  by  taking 
the  lC9th  and  170th  Infantry  Regiments  from  the  29th  Division  (14th  Army  Corps, 
Baden),  and  the  6Gth  Landwehr  Regiment  from  the  7th  Division  (4th  Army  Corps). 
On  April  6,  1917,  the  last-named  regiment  was  rei)laced  by  the  111th  Infantry  Regi- 
ment (the  4th  Regiment  of  the  28th  Division,  also  from  Baden). 

Artois. 

1.  In  April,  1915,  the  52d  Division  was  in  line  south  of  Arras  (Monchy  aux  Boie, 
Hebuterne).     It  occupied  this  sector  until  September,  1916. 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  During  the  Franco-English  offensive  on  the  Somme  the  52d  Division  bore  to  the 
south  and  held  the  sector  Hebuterne,  Beaumont-Hamel,  north  of  Thiepval  (Septem- 
ber-November, 1916). 

2.  On  November  26  the  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  and  sent  to  rest  in 
the  Adcinity  of  Bouchain  (December). 

1917. 
Alsace. 

1.  On  January  13,  1917,  the  52d  Division  was  sent  to  Alsace  (northwest  of  Bale). 

2.  About  the  middle  of  January  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Altkirch  (Carspach- 
Hirtzbach),  which  it  held  until  the  end  of  ^larch. 

3.  After  a  few  days  at  rest  (at  the  beginning  of  April)  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden 
south  of  Muellheim,  it  entrained  on  April  16  north  of  Bale  and  was  transferred  to 
the  Aisne,  already  including  men  of  the  1918  class  in  its  ranks. 

AlSNE. 

4.  On  April  21  it  went  into  line  south  of  Juvincourt.  It  occupied  this  sector  until 
July  10,  with  a  period  of  rest  from  June  1  to  15. 

Callfornie  Plateau. 

5.  About  July  24  it  went  back  into  line  on  the  Californie  Plateau,  where  it  launched 
an  attack  on  September  14. 

6.  Sent  into  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sissonne  about  the  end  of  September,  it  appeared 
in  the  vicinity  of  Pinon  about  the  middle  of  October,  where  it  went  into  action  and 
lost  heavily  on  the  23d. 

Champagne. 

7.  After  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Chimay  (beginning  of  November),  it  went  into  line 
on  the  Champagne  front  (Butte  du  Mesnil-Maisons  de  Champagne);  it  remained  there 
until  December  15. 

8.  From  December  15  until  Januarj',  1918,  it  was  at  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  ^'ouziers. 

RECRUITING. 

Since  April,  1917,  the  52d  Division  has  been  almost  purely  Badensian.  Besides 
the  BadeiLsians,  who  form  almost  all  of  the  drafts,  we  find  men  from  the  neighboring 
districts  of  the  Emjiire  (Rhine  Province,  Hesse-Nassau). 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

In  general  the  morale  of  the  52d  Division  has  appeared  rather  high.  In  the  sector 
of  Juvincourt  (April  to  July,  1917)  the  troops  of  the  division  showed  nerve  and  dash 
in  the  course  of  the  local  operations  in  Avhich  they  took  part. 

The  division  had  few  Ibsses  until  the  month  of  September. 

However,  it  lost  heavily  on  October  23  (the  battle  of  La  Malmaison),  especially 
the  170th  Infantrv  Regiment. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     503 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  52d  Division,  which  had  been  resting  near  \'ouziers  since  December  15, 
relieved  the  52d  Reserve  Division  near  Tahure  (northeast  of  Suippes)  on  the  10th  of 
January.  During  the  time  the  division  held  this  sector  the  elements  not  actually 
in  the  front  line  were  being  trained  in  open  warfare.  Early  in  March  it  was  relieAed 
by  the  52d  Reserve  Division  and  went  to  the  Vouziors  area,  where  it  received  still 
more  intensive  training  in  the  war  of  movement. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  The  division  entrained  near  Vouziers  on  the  22d  of  Marcli,  and  detrained  on 
the  following  day  near  Bohain.  On  the  24th  it  left  and  marched  viaTresnoy  le  Grand- 
Ilolnon  wood  (26th)-Bethenicourt  (27th)-Etalon-Liancourt-Fo8se  to  Fresnoy  les 
Roye.  It  relieved  the  28th  Division  near  Hangest  en  Santerre  (northwest  of  Mont- 
didier)  on  the  28th.  It  was  relieved  by  the  76th  Reserve  Division  on  the  14th  of  April 
and  went  to  rest  in  the  Sedan  area 

AlSNE. 

3.  Here  it  was  thoroughly  reconstituted.  It  entrained  on  the  22d  of  Maj%  arriving 
at  La  Malmaifion  (southeast  of  Laon)  the  same  day.  On  the  26th  it  went  into  line  near 
Juvincourt  (east  of  Craonne),  and  took  part  in  the  initial  attack  on  the  following  day. 
It  crossed  the  Aisne  between  Pontavert  and  Gemicourt;  proceeding  via  Bouvancourt 
and  Guyancourt,  it  crossed  the  Vesle  at  Jonquery  on  the  28th,  reached  Faverolles 
on  the  29th,  Olizy  on  the  31st,  and  the  Marne,  in  the  region  of  Vemeuil,  on  June  2. 
The  division  was  at  first  ordered  to  cross  the  same  day,  but  the  order  was  subsequently 
rescinded.  It  was  withdrawn,  after  having  suffered  severely,  about  the  10th,  and 
was  reported  to  be  at  rest  in  the  Sedan  area  on  the  15th.  On  the  20th  it  was  reported 
in  reserve  in  the  Tournai  region. 

Lens. 

4.  During  the  night  of  July  12-13  it  relieved  the  119th  Division  in  the  Avion 
sector  (south  of  Lens).  It  was  relieved  about  the  5th  of  August  by  the  extension  of 
fronts  of  flanking  divisions. 

Armentieres. 

,  5.  During  the  night  of  the  6th-7th  it  relieved  the  207th  Division  near  Vieux  Berquin 
(southwest  of  Bailleul),  the  207th  Division  taking  over  the  sector  just  vacated  by  the 
52d  Division.  On  the  17th  it  was  withdrawn,  the  neighboring  di\a8ions  extending 
their  fronts. 

Bapaume. 

6.  F'ive  days  later  it  reenforced  the  battle  front  near  Miraumont  (west  of  Bapaume). 
It  was  withdrawn  about  the  4th  of  September,  after  having  lost  over  1,300  prisoners, 
and  went  to  rest  in  the  (burtrai  area.  Here  the  battalions  were  reduced  to  three 
companies,  the  strength  of  which  was  further  made  up  by  drafts  of  the  29th  Ersatz 
Regiment  (223d  Division  disbanded). 

Argonne. 

7.  On  September  28  the  division  reenforced  the  front  near  Exermont  (southeast  of 
Grandpre).  In  the  heavy  fighting  that  followed  the  division  was  driven  back  to 
Landres  et  St.  Georges,  where  it  was  withdrawn  about  the  14th  of  October  after  liaving 
suffered  heavy  losses  (almost  600  in  prisoners  alone). 

8.  During  the  night  of  October  31-November  1  the  di-\dsion,  which  had  received 
large  numbers  of  replacements  during  its  two  weeks'  rest,  relieved  the  41st  Di^'ision 
east  of  Busancy  (north  of  Grandpre).     It  was  still  in  line  on  the  11th. 

value — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  52d  is  rated  as  one  of  the  best  German  divisions.  It  was  in  a  great  deal  of  heavy 
fighting  during  1918  (as  in  preceding  yeai-s)  and  acquitted  itself  most  creditably. 


504     DR'ISIOXS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIOlSrS  OF  GEEMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      505 

HISTORY. 

(8th  Corps  District— Rhine  Province.) 

1914. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  52d  ReserA'e  Di\Tsion  (belonging  to  the  26th  Reserv-e  Corps  with  the  51st 
Reserve  DiAision),  formed  between  August  and  October,  1914,  was  trained  at  the  Senne 
Camp  and  entrained  for  Belgium  on  October  12. 

The  di\'ision  was  engaged  in  the  first  battle  of  the  Ypres  about  October  22. 

It  fought  in  October  and  November  in  the  ^'icinity  of  Langemarck-Passachendaele 
and  suffered  heavy  losses.  Between  October  18  and  28,  the  240th  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  listed  casualties  of  28  officers  and  1,360  men.     (Ofllcial  List  of  Casualties.) 

1915. 
Ypres. 

1.  The  division  remained  on  the  front  north  of  Ypres  (Pilckem,  St.  Julien,  Zonne- 
l)eke)  during  the  year  1915  and  until  the  month  of  September,  1916.  Certain  of  its 
regiments  lost  very  heavily  in  April  and  May — 25  officers  and  1,268  men  casulaties  in 
the  240th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment.     (Official  List  of  Casulaties.) 

1916. 

SOMME. 

1.  About  September  14,  1916,  it  was  transferred  to  the  Somme  minus  the  237th 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  sent  to  Galicia  for  the  formation  of  the  199th  Division. 

It  was  engaged  in  the  Lesboeufs  sector  (Sept.  16-29)  and  lost  very  heavily  in  the 
British  attack  of  the  26th. 

Champ.\gne. 

2.  Sent  to  Champagne,  it  went  into  line  at  the  Butte  de  Souain  on  October  6,  then 
on  November  6  entered  St.  Marie  k  Py  and  the  vicinity  of  Tahure. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  52d  Reserve  Division  occupied  the  Tahure  front  south  of  RouvToy  until  .\pril 
20,  1917.  It  suffered  losses  at  Maisons  de  Champagne,  at  the  end  of  March,  which 
caused  hasty  replacements  of  the  1918  class  with  only  four  months'  training  to  be  sent. 

Sapigneul. 

2.  Reliev^ed  between  April  15  and  20,  it  went  to  the  vicinity  of  Rethel  and  passed 
in  review  at  Asfeld  on  May  3;  went  into  line  on  the  5th  southeast  of  Berry  au  Bac  and 
underwent  the  French  attack  of  the  7th  south  of  Sapigneul.  (The  239th  Reserve 
Division  had  107  prisoners  taken.)  On  May  31  it  again  lost  heavily  while  attacking 
Hill  108. 

Ypres. 

3.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Aisne  front  at  the  beginning  of  July  and 
transferred  to  Belgium.  It  went  into  action  on  the  Ypre.s-Menin  road  on  the  31st,  the 
day  of  the  British  offensive,  and  lost  heavily.  The  attacks  of  August  10  again  caused 
serious  losses — the  remnants  of  the  1st  Battalion  of  the  238th  Reserve  Infantry  Regi- 
ment formed  only  two  companies  at  the  time  of  their  relief.  (British  Summary  of 
Information,  Aug.  11.)  , 

Champagne. 

4.  About  August  11  the  52d  Reserve  Division  left  the  Belgian  front  for  Champagne, 
where  it  again  took  over  its  own  sector  east  of  the  Butte  de  Souain  about  August  26. 
It  remained  there  until  the  end  of  December. 


606      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


RECRUITING. 

At  the  time  of  its  formation  the  52d  Reserve  Division  was  made  \i]>  of  one  Tlhenish 
Regiment  and  three  from  Baden;  to-day  it  is  entirely  Rhenish. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

In  May  and  June,  1917,  the  52d  Reserve  Di^dsion  held  a  very  diflBcult  sector  .south 
of  Berrj^  au  Bac  where  it  apparently  lost  very  heavily.  However,  it  acted  like  a 
good  division. 

During  its  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Vouziers,  at  the  end  of  January,  1918,  it  was  given 
very  intensive  training.  It  was  considered  as  an  attack  di^dsion.  (Interrogation  of 
prisoners,  February,  1918.) 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  52d  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  by  the  52d  Di\'ision  in  the  Tahure  sector 
in  January  10  and  went  to  the  vicinity  of  \'ouziers,  where  it  was  intensively  trained 
in  open  warfare. 

2.  Early  in  March  it  returned  to  line  and  relieved  the  52d  I)i\dsion.  It  was  relieved 
on  the  23d  of  April  by  the  1st  Bavarian  Division. 

Ypres. 

3.  It  proceeded  to  march  to  Vouziers,  where  it  entrained  on  the  28th  and,  traveling 
via  Meziferes-Signy-Hirson-Mons-Tournai,  detrained  at  Mouscron  on  the  30th.  On 
May  4  it  marched  to  Wer\dcq,  and  on  the  following  day  moved  into  line  via  Warne- 
ton  and  Messines,  relie^dng  the  3d  Guard  Di\-ision  in  the  Voormezeele  sector  (south  of 
Ypres).  In  the  fighting  before  Dickebusch  on  the  8th  heavy  losses  were  suffered. 
It  was  withdrawn  about  the  25th,  and  went  to  rest  near  Menin. 

4.  During  the  night  of  the  13th-14th  of  June  it  relieved  the  5Sth  DiA-ision  near 
Locre  (south  of  Ypres).  It  was  relieved  on  the  1st  of  July,  the  flanking  di\-isions 
extending  their  fronts,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  region  southwest  of  Courtrai. 

5.  On  the  6th  of  August  it  came  back  into  line,  relie^•ing  the  58th  Di\T.sion  in  the 
Kemmel  sector  (south  of  Ypres).     It  was  Avithdrawn  about  the  26th. 

C/AMBRAI. 

6.  About  the  2d  of  September  it  reenforced  the  front  in  the  Bertincourt  sector  (east 
of  Bapaume).  After  ha\dng  suffered  severe  losses  in  killed  and  wounded,  besides 
losing  over  1,000  prisoners,  it  was  relieved  by  the  6th  Division  near  HaATincourt  on 
the  16th. 

Courtrai. 

7.  About  the  27th  it  entered  line  near  Moorslede  (southwest  of  Roulers).  It  suffered 
severe  losses  here,  and  was  ^\^thdrawn  early  in  October. 

8.  On  October  14  it  relieved  the  Guard  Ersatz  Division  in  the  Iseghem  sector  (north 
of  Courtrai).  It  was  heavily  engaged  here,  and  was  finally  withdrawn  on  the  25th. 
It  did  not  reenter  line. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  52d  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division ,  but  it  was  ])robably  not  so  good  as 
other  divisions  similarly  rated,  for  although  it  was  intensively  trained  for  use  as  a 
shock  unit  for  almost  two  months  in  Champagne  early  in  the  year  it  was  not  used  in 
any  of  the  German  offensives.  It  is  to  be  noted,  however,  that  the  German  commu- 
nique of  October  24  said,  "Southwest  of  Deynze  the  veteran  52d  Reser\^e  Division, 
vhich  has  been  in  battle  daily  since  October  14,  rei)ulsed  the  renewed  attacks  of  the 
enemy  along  the  Deynze- Waregem  railway." 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     507 


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508      DIVISIONS  Ot  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(241st  and  242d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments:  12th  Corps  District — Saxony.     243d 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment:  19th  Corps  District — Saxon\.) 

1914. 
Fl.\n"ders-Ypres. 

1.  Tlie  53d  Reserve  Di\T.sion  (of  the  27th  Reserve  Corps  with  the  54th  Reserve 
DiAision),  formed  between  August  and  October,  1914,  were  sent  to  Belgium,  and 
detrained  on  August  14  at  Ath.  It  was  engaged,  with  the  diA-isions  of  the  same  series, 
in  the  battle  of  Ypres,  against  the  British  Army.  Beginning  on  October  21,  it  fought 
on  the  front  Poelcappelle-Becelaere;  southeast  of  Gheluvelt  on  October  29,  and  near 
the  Ypres-Menin  road  at  the  time  of  the  great  attack  of  November  11.  It  suffered 
very  heavy  losses — the  25th  Reserve  Cha.sseurs  Battalion,  already  reduced  to  225 
men  on  October  31,  had  only  73  on  November  4  (notebook).  On  November  25  the 
6th  Company  of  the  241st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  had  only  7  of  the  men  left  who 
constituted  it  upon  its  departure  from  Saxony  (letter). 

1915. 
Flanders. 

1.  The  di\dsion  remained  in  line  north  of  Ypres  during  the  winter  of  1914-15, 
alternating  with  the  54th  Reserve  Di\dsion  in  the  sector  Broodseinde-Polygon  wood. 

2.  It  took  part  in  the  second  battle  of  Ypres,  near  Frezenberg  and  Gravenstafel, 
where  it  again  lost  heaAdly. 

3.  In  June  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Wytchaete-St.  Eloi  and  returned  northeast  of 
Ypres  (Verlorenhoek)  in  the  middle  of  July. 

Champagne  and  Flanders. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  105th  Reserve  Brigade  was  sent  to  Champagne 
to  reenforce  the  lines  near  Tahure.  The  106th  Reserve  Brigade  took  over  the  sector 
of  the  Lys. 

5.  In  November  the  division  was  regrouped  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  Adcinity  of 
Ingelmunster  (north  of  Coiutrai).  It  remained  behind  the  front  during  the  winter 
of  1915-16  in  the  Adcinity  of  Roulers. 

1916. 
La  Bassee. 

1.  At  the  end  of  !March,  1916,  the  53d  Reserve  Di\dsion  left  Flanders  and  went 
into  line  on  both  banks  of  the  La  Bassee  Canal. 

SOMME. 

2.  Sent  to  the  Somme  at  the  end  of  August,  it  was  engaged  southeast  of  ^Maurepas 
(Le  Forest)  at  the  time  of  the  French  attack  of  September  3,  which  ended  in  the  capture 
of  Le  Forest  and  of  Clery.  It  suffered  heavy  losses  in  counterattacking  and  in  with- 
standing the  new  French  offensive  of  September  13.  Between  September  6  and  12 
the  241st  Reserve  Infantrj'  Regiment  listed  12  ofhcers  and  1,502  men  as  casualties. 
On  September  3  the  244th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  had  lost  400  prisoners. 

Loos. 

3.  Relieved  on  September  14,  it  was  transferred  to  the  Loos  front  (between  HuUuch 
and  the  Lens-B6thune  railroad),  from  September  21  to  October  5. 

Champagne. 

4.  On  October  9  it  was  in  Champagne,  where  it  occupied  the  sector  of  Prosnes,  east 
of  Rheims. 

Galicla^. 

5.  Withdrawn  from  the  Champagne  front,  the  53d  Reserve  Division  entrained  for 
the  Eastern  Front  on  November  17.     (Itinerary:  B^theniville-Rethel-Sedan-Tr^ves- 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     509 

Coblenz-Ems-Cologne-Halle-Cottbus-Liegnitz-Breslau-Cracow-Tarnow-Jaroslaw- 
Przemysl-Lemberg-Rohat\m. )  It  detrained  at  Piikow  (south  of  Lemberg)  on  the 
26th. 

6.  It  was  sent  into  reserve  behind  the  line  of  the  Narajowka  in  December.  In  the 
autumn  of  1916  the  244th  Reserve  Infantry  Resiment  was  transferred  to  the  2I5th 
Division;  later  it  was  transferred  to  the  96th  Dixdsion  (Saxon). 

1917. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  January,  1917,  the  53d  Reserve  Division  went  into  line  at  the 
junction  of  the  Narajowka  and  the  Dniester,  and  remained  in  this  sector  until  the 
middle  of  June  without  any  important  engagement. 

2.  Relieved  and  sent  to  rest  in  June,  it  took  part  in  the  German  counteroffensive 
begun  on  July  20  and  advanced  north  of  the  Dniester.  It  was  identified  on  August  3 
east  of  Krjivtche. 

3.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  at  the  end  of  Noveml^or  and  entrained 
for  Belgium  in  the  middle  of  December. 

RECRUITING. 

The  53d  Reserve  Division  is  purely  Saxon. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  53d  Reserve  Di^asion  spent  a  year  on  the  Eastern  Front  (November,  1916,  to 
November,  1917).     It  is  of  mediocre  quality. 

1918. 

1.  The  di\'ision  was  relieved  in  the  Ilouthulst  forest  on  February  12  and  went 
to  rest  in  the  Bruges  area. 

Battle  op  Picardy. 

2.  On  March  1-2  it  relieved  the  27th  Division  northeast  of  Flesquieres.  It  took 
part  in  the  initial  attack  on  March  21,  was  withdrawn  on  the  22d  and  went  to  rest  near 
Bourlon  wood.  The  division  was  in  General  Headquarters  reserve  and  on  ^larch  27 
marched  via  IlaNTincourt-Ruyanlcourt-Moislains-Bouchavesnes,  crossing  the  Somme 
at  Cler}^  and  continued  to  march  via  Raincourt  to  Rosieres  en  Santerre.  The  241st 
Reserve  Regiment  went  into  line  near  Moreuil  on  the  night  of  April  1-2  and  relieved 
the  426th  Regiment  (88th  Division);  the  242d  Reserve  Regiment  went  into  line  on 
the  night  of  April  3-4,  relieving  the  100th  Body  Grenadier  Regiment  (23d  Division). 
On  the  morning  of  April  4  the  division  attacked  in  the  vicinity  of  Arri&se  Cour  wood. 
The  division  at  this  date  was  operating  under  the  18th  German  Army.  About  the 
middle  of  April  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  Moreuil  sector. 

Verdun. 

3.  About  May  1  the  division  was  resting  in  rear  of  the  Verdun  front.  It  relieved 
the  84th  Division  west  of  Bethincourt  in  the  first  week  of  May.  It  held  that  quiet 
sector  until  the  11th  of  June,  when  a  tired  division  took  its  place  and  the  53d  Reserve 
Division  returned  to  an  active  front. 

SOISSONS. 

4.  The  divi=non  detrained  near  Laon  on  June  14-15,  and  the  next  night  relieved 
the  6th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  north  of  Le  Port.  Here  it  participated  in  heavy 
fighting  in  July  and  August  until  its  relief  about  August  10.  In  this  engagement  the 
243d  Reserve  Regiment  was  reduced  to  three  companies  per  battalion  as  a  result  of 
lieavy  losses. 


510     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

5.  The  division  was  taken  to  the  vejrion  in  roar  of  the  Argqnne  front  and  the  process 
of  dissoUition  begun.  Before  its  completion  the  American  offensive  in  the  Argonne 
began  and  elements  of  the  division  were  used  on  the  United  States  front  between 
September  29  and  October  15. 

According  to  the  available  evidence,  the  242d  Reserve  Regiment  was  drafted  to 
the  24th  and  58th  Divisions,  the  241st  Regiment  to  the  23d  Division,  and  the  243d 
Reserve  Regiment  to  the  40th  and  58th  Divisions. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  participated  in  the  spring  Somme  offensive, 
but  thereafter  did  not  play  an  important  part  in  the  fighting.  The  low  effective 
strength  was  directly  responsible  for  the  dissolution  of  the  division. 


DIVTSTOls^S  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      511 


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512      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 
(84th  and  90th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments:  9th  Corps  I)istrict — Schleswig-Holstein 
and  Mecklenburg.     27th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment:  4th  Corps  District — Prussian 

Saxony.) 

1915. 

1.  The  54th  Division  was  formed  in  March,  1915,  by  the  removal  of  regiments  from 
divisions  engaged  at  this  time  between  the  north  of  Noyon  and  east  of  Soissons. 

Two  of  these  regiments,  the  84th  (18th  Di\dsion)and  the  90th  Reserve  (18th  Reserve 
Division),  came  from  the  9th  Corps  District  (Schleswig-Holstein  and  Mecklenburg); 
the  third  regiment,  the  27th  Reserve   (7th  Reserve  Di\'ision)  was  originally  from 
Prussian  Sa.xony  (4th  Corps  District). 
Champagne. 

2.  Concentrated  in  March  near  Guise,  the  54th  Division  was  sent  to  Champagne  in 
the  middle  of  April  (vicinity  of  Perthes),  where  it  remained  until  July,  1915. 
Russia. 

3.  In  July  it  was  transferred  to  Russia.  It  fought  on  the  Karew  (Julj^  and  August) 
and  on  the  Niemen,  southeast  of  Grodno,  in  September. 

France-Oise. 

4.  Brought  back  to  France  at  the  beginning  of  October,  it  went  into  line  on  the 
12th  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Oise  (Quenneviferes-Moulin  sous  Touvent). 

1916. 

1.  Withdrawn  from  the  Oise  front  in  January,  1916,  the  54th  Division  rested  in  the 
\'icinity  of  La  Fere  until  May.  During  this  time  it  was  occupied  in  defensive  works 
in  the  xdcinity  of  Soissons-Craoime. 

Verdun. 

2.  In  May  it  was  transferred  to  Verdun.    It  occupied  the  sector  of  Hill  304  on  May  14. 

3.  About  September  11  it  crossed  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse  and  advanced 
north  of  Fleury.  On  October  24  it  was  dislodged  by  the  French  attacks  and  thrown 
back  with  heavy  losses  north  of  Douaumont  Fort.  It  was  relieved  at  the  beginning 
of  November. 

Lorraine. 

4.  Having  scarcely  made  good  its  losses,  it  went  back  into  line  on  November  5 
north  of  FUrey  en  Haye. 

1917. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  the  calm  sector  of  Flirey  during  the  winter  of  1916-17. 

AlSNE. 

2.  Relieved  in  the  middle  of  April,  1917,  it  was  sent  behind  the  Champagne  front 
(vicinity  of  Asfeld).  On  April  21  it  reenforced  the  lines  at  Berry  au  Bac.  It  under- 
went the  French  attack  of  May  4,  to  which  it  opposed  a  serious  resistance  on  the 
Juvincourt  Ridge,  but  suffered  heavy  losses  (650  prisoners). 

3.  It  was  withdrawn  from  the  Aisne  front  on  May  10. 
Champagne. 

4.  Sent  to  the  east  of  Rheims,  the  division  occupied  the  sector  south  of  Somme  Py 
from  May  15  to  July  24.  It  was  filled  up  there  in  June  by  several  reenforcements, 
totaling  about  2,000  men. 

Ypres. 

5.  On  July  25  it  entrained  at  Machault  (southwest  of  Vouziers)  for  Charle\dlle,  from 
which  place  it  went  to  Belgium  after  a  short  rest.  It  was  in  action  cast  of  Ypres  from 
August  5  to  19,  and  suffered  new  losses  during  the  British  attack  of  August  16.  One 
company  of  the  90th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  Avas  reduced  to  one  officer  and  four 
men. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICirATED  IX  WAR.      513 

Cambrai. 

6.  Sent  back  into  line  at  the  end  of  August  on  the  Cambrai  front  (Ilavrincoiirt- 
Villers  Plouich),  the  division  again  lost  very  heavily  in  this  sector,  principally  in  the 
course  of  a  tank  attack  on  November  20  (2,789  prisoners). 

Lorraine. 

7.  Relieved  immediately  after  this  attack,  it  waa  sent  to  rest  in  Lorraine  and  reorgan- 
ized. Between  August  and  November  the  di\asion  received  more  than  3,000  replace- 
ments.    (British  Summary  of  Information.) 

RECRUITING. 

Mixed  upon  its  formation  (Schleswig-IIolstein,  Mecklenburg,  Prussian  Saxony,) 
the  54th  Division  remained  so  \nth.  a  tendency,  nevertheless,  to  make  the  90th  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  a  pure  Mecklenburg  regiment  and  to  reserve  the  drafts  from  the 
■  rest  of  the  9th  Corps  District  for  the  84th  Infantry  Regiment. 

In  January  1918,  the  1919  class  did  not  seem  to  be  represented;  the  90th  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  had  just  received  replacements  made  up  of  men  put  back  in  the 
1917  and  1918  classes  who  entered  the  service  in  September,  1917. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  54th  Di\'ision  held  the  most  active  sectors  on  the  Western  front;  it  has  every- 
where given  proof  of  great  energy  in  its  resistance,  especially  at  Cambrai  in  November, 
1917.  However,  before  the  affair  of  Cambrai  rather  frequent  desertions  proved  that 
the  losses  incurred  at  Ypres  had  weakened  the  morale  of  the  troops;  besides,  the 
replacements  received  in  Lorraine  were  mostly  composed  of  returned  wounded  of  all 
ages. 

However,  the  54th  Division  tried,  during  its  stay  in  Lorraine,  to  amalgamate  all  these 
elements  and  to  renew  their  combat  value  by  intensive  training  and  careful  instruc- 
tion (March,  1918). 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

The  di^-ision  was  relieved  in  the  sector  north  of  Nancy  about  February  17  by  the  48th 
Landwehr  Division.  It  remained  in  Lorraine  in  March  undergoing  training  for  open 
warfare.  It  entrained  near  Dieuze  on  the  24th  and  traveled  Ada  Metz-Sedan-Charle- 
\ille-Mons- Valenciennes  to  a  place  about  10  miles  east  of  Douai.  The  division . 
expectetl  to  come  into  line  near  AiTas,  but  after  resting  one  night  at  Douai  it  marched 
off  toward  Peronne  and  arrived  at  Rosieres  on  April  2.  It  moved  up  to  the  line  north 
of  Moreuil  on  the  night  of  April  3-4,  taking  part  in  the  attack.  The  division  withdrew 
on  the  night  of  the  5th-6th.  It  returned  to  lino  south  of  Thennes  on  April  10  and 
stayed  in  about  eight  days. 

SOMME. 

2.  The  division  rested  at  Cambrai  until  the  night  of  May  22-23,  when  it  relie^'ed  the 
183d  Division  near  Ville  sur  Ancre.  It  was  relieved  on  June  20  by  the  107th  Division. 
Following  its  relief,  the  di\dsion  rested  north  of  the  Somme  until  August  3,  when  it  was 
engaged  near  Antheuil.  About  September  1  the  division  left  its  sector  near  I^assigny 
and  relieved  the  105th  Division  northeast  of  Noyon.  Here  it  was  relieved  on  Septem- 
ber 10. 

Cambrai-St.  Quentin. 

3.  The  division  rested  15  days  before  it  entered  line  northeast  of  Ilargicourt  on 
September  25,  relieving  the  232d  Division.  It  fought  in  the  Le  Cateau  area  until 
October  12,  when  it  retired  to  reserves  in  the  vicinity  of  Landrecies.  On  November  2 
it  was  reengaged  at  Ora  and  continued  in  line  until  the  armistice.  The  last  identifica- 
tion was  at  Lemont-Fontaine  on  the  8th. 

value — 1918  ESTIMATE  . 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.     In  the  last  year  its  service  waa  largely  on 
the  defensive  in  active  sectors.     In  this  capacity  it  was  almost  constantly  in  line. 
125651°— 20 33 


514     DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  AEMY  WHICH  rAETIClPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR.     515 

HISTORY. 

(13th  Corps  District — ^Wuerttemberg.) 

1914. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  54th  Reserve  Division,  forming  the  27th  Reserve  Corps  with  the  53d  Reserve 
Di^■ision,  was  formed  of  men  from  "\Vurttemberg,with  the  addition  of  one  infantry 
regiment  and  one  battalion  of  chasseius  from  Saxony.  Trained  at  the  Muensingen 
Camp,  it  went  into  action  for  the  first  time  on  October  21,  1914,  in  Belgium  at  the 
battle  of  Ypres.  On  October  29,  it  made  an  unsuccessful  attack  south  of  Gheluvelt; 
going  slightly  to  the  north,  it  took  i)art  in  the  general  attack  of  November  11  in  the 
vicinity  of  Zonnebeke,  where  it  lost  very  hea\ily.  From  October  21  to  November  20 
the  248th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  listed  32  officers  and  1,395  men  as  casualties. 

(Official  List  of  Casualties.) 

1915. 

1.  The  di\-ision  remained  in  Flanders  during  the  entire  year  of  1915,  occupying  the 
front  Becelaere-Polygon  wood,  between  the  Ypres-Menin  wood  and  the  Roulers 
railroad . 

2.  In  April  and  May  it  suffered  heavy  losses  during  the  second  battle  of  Ypres 
(Frezenberg,  Verlorenhoek,  Ilooge). 

1916. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January  and  beginning  of  February,  1916,  the  54th  Reserve  Division 
was  Anthdrawn  from  the  Ypres  salient,  concentrated  in  the  vicinity  of  Thielt,  Ghent, 
and  Hasselt  and  sent  for  training  to  the  Beverloo  Camp  (February-March). 

Artois. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  March  it  took  over  the  sector  south  of  Neuve  Chapelle  (north 
of  La  Bass^e)  where  it  did  not  take  part  in  any  important  action. 

SOMME. 

3.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  August,  it  was  sent  to  the  Somme  (sector  of  Combles-La 
Forest)  and  suffered  very  heavy  losses  between  September  8  and  IS. 

Lorraine. 

4.  After  a  short  stay  in  the  Loos  salient  (Vermelles-Hulluch  road)  at  the  beginning 
of  October  the  54th  Reserve  Division  was  transferred  to  Lorraine  and  sent  into  line 
in  the  \icinity  of  Blamont. 

5.  At  this  time,  the  245th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  (Saxon)  was  taken  from  it  to 
be  assigned  J;o  the  192d  Dixision. 

Verdun. 

6.  At  the  end  of  November  the  division  left  Lorraine,  was  sent  during  the  course 
of  December  Ijehind  the  front  northwest  of  Cambrai,  then  to  the  Meuse,  where  it  went 
into  line  on  December  22,  west  of  Bezonvaux  (Les  Chambrettes),  after  the  French 

attack  of  December  16. 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1.  Withdrawn  from  the  Verdun  front  about  January  23,  1917,  the  54th  Reserve 
Di\'ision  took  over,  in  Champagne,  the  sector  included  between  the  Navarin  Farm 
and  the  Tahure  Hill. 

2.  In  March  it  sent  one  battalion  of  the  246th  Reserve  Infantr>'  Regiment  into  the 
attacks  of  Maisons  de  Champagne  on  March  27. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  May  the  diA-ision  went  as  a  reenforcement  south  of  Moron- 
\'illiers.  It  went  into  action  from  May  15  to  June  10  (T^ton,  Mont  Haut)  and  lost 
heavily. 

4.  About  June  10-15,  without  any  rest,  it  again  took  over  the  sector  west  of  Tahure, 
which  it  occupied  until  August  20-25. 


516      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PiNJlTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Hill  304. 

5.  Suddenly  transferred  to  the  ^'erdun  area,  the  54th  Beserve  Division  went  into 
line  on  August  24,  north  of  mil  304;  it  remained  there  until  October  18. 
Flanders. 

6.  Sent  to  Flanders,  it  was  in  the  Dixmude  sector  from  October  29  until  March 
1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Mixed  at  the  time  of  its  formation,  the  54th  Resen'e  Division  became  exclusively 
Wurttemberg,  by  the  departure  of  ite  Saxon  elements. 

value — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Since  the  number  of  prisoners  of  the  54th  Reser\-e  Division  in  Champagne,  as  in  the 
^icimty  of  Verdun,  March  to  October  1917,  was  very  slight,  it  has  been  practically 
impossible  to  obtain  information  concerning  this  di-\dsion  (November  1918). 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  di\isiou  which  had  been  holding  the  Dixmude  sector  entrained  at  Bruges  on 
March  14,  and  detrained  at  Cambrai  on  the  following  day.  On  March  20  it  marched 
to  Seran\'illers,  and  a  day  later  proceeded  \aa  Ledsain  to  the  high  groimd  west  of 
Honnecourt.  On  the  22d  it  reached  Gouzeaucourt ;  on  the  23d  it  passed  through 
Lechelle,  Bus,  and  Sailly  Saillisel;  on  the  24th  it  progressed  north  of  Mametz  wood, 
being  engaged  near  Rozieres  on  the  25th  and  at  0^dllers  on  the  26th.  The  di^ision 
was  relieved  on  April  4  by  the  27th  Di^dsion  after  suffering  heavy  losses  at  Aveluy. 

SOMME. 

2.  The  division  was  in  reserve  in  immediate  rear  of  the  front  until  the  night  of 
April  10-11,  when  it  relieved  the  13th  Di\-ision  at  Ville  sur  Ancre.  The  dix-ision 
held  this  sector  mitil  May  27  and  again  from  June  28  until  August  25.  It  was  with- 
drawn in  the  ^lametz  area  where  it  had  fallen  back  upon  the  British  attack. 

3.  Early  in  September  the  division  was  dissolved.  Prisoners  stated  that  the  248th 
Reserve  Regiment  was  drafted  to  the  27th  Di^•ision. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  Its  efforts  in  the  Somme  offensive  were 
unsuccessful.     Thereafter  the  effectives  were  used  up  and  the  di\ision  dissolved. 


DIVrSTONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHTOH  PAETICIIPATED  IN  WAR.     517 


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518      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(18th  Corps  District — Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse  and  Hesse  Nassau.) 

1915. 

The  56th  Division  was  formed  in  March,  1915,  of  surplus  regiments — the  35th 
Fusileer  Regiment  from  the  6th  Division  (3d  Corps  District,  Brandenburg),  the  88th 
and  118th  Infantry  Regiments  from  the  21st  and  25th  Divisions  (18th  Corps  District, 
Hesse  Nassau  and  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse).  In  May,  1917,  the  35th  Fusileer 
Regiment  was  replaced  by  the  186th  Infantry  Regiment  (from  the  25th  Landwehr 
Di\T.sion)  recruited  from  Hesse. 
Champagne. 

1.  Concentrated  in  March,  1915,  near  Vouziers,  the  56th  Division  went  to  the 
Champagne  front,  south  of  Ripont,  in  April. 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  May  it  was  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front.  It  took  part 
in  the  GaUcian  offensive  (battles  of  Jaroslau,  on  May  18,  and  of  Rudka,  on  June  18), 
where  it  lost  heavily. 

France. 

3.  In  Jime  the  division  was  brought  back  to  the  Western  Front.  Entraining  at 
Jaroslau  on  June  28,  it  detrained  in  the  \icinity  of  Valenciennes,  where  it  remained 
at  rest  for  a  month. 

Lorraine. 

4.  On  July  28  the  division  went  to  Lorraine  and  remained  as  a  reserve  troop  in  the 
vicinity  of  Pfalzburg-Zabem-Schirmeck. 

'Champagne. 

5.  On  September  25  it  was  sent  to  Champagne  to  oppose  the  French  offensive.  It 
was  engaged  in  the  sector  of  Maison  de  Champagne,  but  was  soon  retired  on  account 
of  its  losses.  The  infantry  had  casualties  of  107  officers  and  5,968  men.  (Official 
List  of  Casualties.) 

6.  After  reorganization,  it  went  into  line  north  of  Massiges  and  took  part  in  the 
attack  of  Mont  Tetu  at  the  beginning  of  November.  It  was  relieved  in  the  middle 
of  November. 

7.  In  December  it  returned  to  the  Champagne  front. 

1916. 
Champagne. 

1.  The  56th  Division  occupied  the  same  calm  sector  south  of  Rou^Toy  during  the 
entire  winter  of  1915-16. 

2.  Relieved  on  April  25,  1916,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Sedan. 
Verdun-Mort  Homme. 

3.  On  May  26-27  it  was  sent  into  line  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Mouse,  at  the  Mort 
Homme.  It  received  a  A'igorous  attack  there  on  May  31,  had  heavy  losses,  and  con- 
tinued to  hold  this  sector  until  the  middle  of  July. 

Artois. 

4.  After  a  short  rest  in  the  -^-icinity  of  Sedan,  it  went  to  the  Vimy  Ridge,  in  .\rtois 
(end  of  July-end  of  August). 

SOMME. 

5.  On  August  24-25  it  was  engaged  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme,  in  BelleNalle  wood. 
On  August  31  it  laimched  a  counterattack  northeast  of  the  wood.  It  left  the  Somme 
on  September  9. 

Champagne. 

6.  It  then  took  over  a  quiet  sector  east  of  Rheims  at  Cemay-La  Pompelle.  In  the 
middle  of  November  it  returned  to  the  Sommo  front  (Pys)  imtil  January  7,  1917. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     519 

1917. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  5Gtli  Divisiou  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Queiitin. 

SOMME-HlNDENBURG   LiNE. 

2.  About  February'  11  it  went  back  into  line  south  of  the  Somme  in  the  \-icinity  of 
Biaches,  retired  at  the  end  of  March  to  the  north  of  St.  Quentin,  and  from  there  went 
to  Courriferes  in  the  \'icinity  of  the  Lens  mines. 

Lens. 

3.  On  April  10  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Lens,  where  it  suffered  important  losses 
from  raids  and  local  conflicts.  It  absorbed  1,000  men  from  the  624th  Infantry  Regi- 
ment, dissolved,  and  some  from  the  G25th  (Hessian). 

Meuse  (Right  Bank). 

4.  Withdraw!!  from  the  Lens  front  at  the  end  of  June,  it  remained  at  rest  in  the 
vicinity  of  Buzaucy  and  Graudpre  iu  July,  near  Carignan,  at  the  beginning  of  August; 
spent  the  second  half  of  August  in  the  Woe-\'re,  reenforcing  the  A'erdun  front  east  of 
Vaux.  In  September  it  occupied  the  sector  north  of  the  Chaume  wood-Baumont, 
where  it  was  relieved  at  the  end  of  October. 

Meuse  (Left  Bank). 

5.  About  November  10  the  5Gth  I)i\-ision  occupied  the  sector  of  Cheppy  wood,  on 
the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse,  where  it  remained  until  March  20,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Since  the  substitution  of  the  186th  Infantrj^  Regiment  for  the  35th  Fusileers,  the 
division  has  become  entirely  Hessian.  By  analogy  with  the  9th  Landwehr  Di\-ision, 
we  sometimes  find  it  designated  as  "Rhine  troops";  the  Rhine  Pro\dnces  in  general 
cooperate  with  Ilesse  and  Hesse-Nassau  in  sending  its  replacements. 

In  the  first  months  of  1918  the  reenforcements  received  comprised  men  from  the 
3d  and  4th  Corps  Districts  (Berlin  and  Silesia)  belonging  to  the  industrial  classes. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Having  suffered  heavily  in  the  GaUcian  campaign  in  1915,  and  in  t'hampagne  and 
at  Verdun,  the  56th  Di\-isiou  had  serious  losses  at  Lens  between  April  and  June,  1917. 
The  186th  Infantr\-  Regiment  had  heavy  losses  during  the  battle  of  the  Aisne  (April, 
1917)  before  joining  the  56th  Division.  The  division  had  few  losses  on  the  left  bank 
of  the  Meuse  from  Januarj'  to  March,  1918. 

Of  84  prisoners  coming  from  three  regiments  of  the  56th  Division,  captured  on 
March  16  and  17,  1918,  more  than  half  belong  either  to  the  active  or  to  the  reserve. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  west  of  the  Meuse  about  March  19  by  an  extension 
of  the  front  of  the  13th  Reserve  Divisiou  and  underwent  a  course  of  training  for  open 
warfare.  At  this  time  the  companies  had  about  180  to  200  effectives.  It  had  no  men 
of  the  1919  class  and  few  Alsatians  or  Poles.  The  quality  of  men  in  the  diWsion  was 
high.  On  April  18  the  diWsion  entrained  at  Cesse  (northwest  of  Stenay)  and  traveled 
via  Sedan-Dinant-Charleroi-Braine  le  Comte-Tournai-Roubaix,  from  where  it 
marched  to  Croix.  On  the  21st  the  118th  Regiment  proceeded  A-ia  Mouveaux- 
Bondues-Roucq  to  llalluin,  where  it  rested  until  the  23d.  On  the  following  day  the 
regiment  marched  via  Wersdcq-Comines  to  Messines. 

Kemmel. 

2.  The  division  came  into  line  on  the  25th  and  captured  the  N-illage  of  Kemmel. 
It  was  engaged  in  this  vicinity  until  May  2,  when  it  v>a.s  relieved  by  the  29th  Di\-ision, 
and  went  to  rest  in  the  area  north  of  Menin.  It  returned  to  line  on  the  night  of  May 
11-12,  relie%'iug  the  13th  Reserve  Division  on  the  Voormezeele  sector.  The  division 
remained  in  line  South  of  Ypres  until  the  night  of  June  3-4. 


520      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Belgium. 

3.  After  its  relief  the  division  rested  in  the  Bruges  area  iintil  its  return  to  line 
northeast  of  Bailleul  on  July  2.  P>om  then  until  October  19  the  diA-ision  remained 
in  line  on  tliis  front.     It  had  fallen  back  east  of  Roubaix  when  it  was  withdrawn. 

4.  After  several  days  in  reserve  the  division  was  again  in  line  near  St.  Genois. 
The  German  communique  of  October  26  praised  the  fighting  of  the  118th  Regiment. 
The  last  identification  of  the  diAdsion  was  on  November  8,  when  it  was  east  of 
Avelghem. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  di\dsion  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  verj'  actively  er^aged  during  almost 
the  entire  last  year  of  the  war  on  the  British  front. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     521 


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522      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  P.VRTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(19tli  Corps  District — Saxony.) 

1915. 

The  58th  Division  was  formed  on  March  7,  1915,  at  Roulers,  of  surplus  regiments 
taken  from  old  di^'isions — the  106th  and  107th  Infantry  Regiments,  Saxon,  came 
from  the  24th  Di\ision;  the  120th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  (Wurttemberg),  from 
the  26th  Reserve  Division.  At  the  end  of  1916  the  last-named  regiment  was  replaced 
by  the  103d  Reserve  Regiment  (Saxon).    The  provincial  homogeneity  is  thus  realized. 

1.  The  division  remained  at  Roulers  imtil  the  beginning  of  ^lay. 
Artois. 

2.  On  ;May  12,  1915,  the  58th  Division  took  part  in  the  battle  of  ^Vrtois  (Carency, 
May  12-15)  and  suffered  hea\7'  losses.  On  Maj'  12  and  14  the  1st  Battalion  of  the  106th 
Infantry  Regiment  had  casualties  of  22  officers  and  642  men.  (Official  List  of  Casual- 
ties.)   The  casualties  of  the  di\asion  amounted  to  116  officers  and  4,194  men. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  June  the  diAOsion  fought  at  Xeu\'ille  St.  Vaast  (Le  Laby- 
rinthe.) 

4.  It  was  at  rest  in  the  middle  of  June  in  the  "vicinity  of  Douai. 

Russia.  # 

5.  On  July  21  the  division  was  transferred  to  Russia.  (Itinerary:  Roubaix-Sedan- 
Longwy-Thion\ille  -  Treves  -  Coblentz  -  Cassel  -  Berlin  -  ^larienburg  -  Koenigsberg- 
Loetzen.) 

6.  It  took  part  in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians  in  August  and  September 
(Narew,  Bobr,  Bielostok,  Vilna)  as  far  as  Lake  Narotch. 

France. 

7.  Brought  back  to  France  between  October  16  and  22  (itinerary:  Vilna-Ko\Tio- 

Koenigsberg  -  Berlin  -  Hanover  -  Cassel  -  Frankfort  -  ^Mayence  -  Coblentz  -  Treves  - 

Sarrebreucken),  it  took  over  a  sector  in  Lorraine  (Leintrey-Domfevre)  in  November 

and  December. 

1916. 

1.  In  January  and  February,  1916,  the  58th  Division  was  at  rest  in  the  \'icinity  of 
Sarreburg. 

Lorraine. 

2.  About  February  25  it  returned  to  the  sector  of  Leintrey-Embermenil  and  re- 
mained there  until  the  middle  of  March.  It  celebrated  its  first  anniversary  there — 
150  days  of  fighting,  1,200  kilometers  on  foot,  4,400  by  railroad  (notebook). 

Verdun. 

3.  Brought  back  to  Verdun  at  this  time,  it  took  part  in  the  attack  of  Caillette  wood, 
near  Douaumont,  on  April  2, 

Champagne. 

4.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Verdun  front  about  April  7  and  sent  to 
rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Rethel.  On  April  30  it  went  to  Champagne,  where  it  occupied 
the  sector  east  of  Rheims  (B^theny-Cernay,  La  Pompelle). 

SOMME. 

5.  In  September  the  division  was  engaged  on  the  Somme  (Barleux).  The  2d 
Company  of  the  20th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  177  strong,  was  destroyed ,  with  the 
exception  of  22  prisoners. 

6.  After  occupying  a  calm  sector  on  the  Yser  from  September  29  to  October  23, 
it  again  fought  on  the  Somme  (Courcelette-Grandcourt)  in  November. 

7.  On  December  20  the  di\-ision  was  vvithdrawn  and  reorganized — the  120th 
Reserve  Infangry  Regiment  left  the  div-ision  for  the  204th  Division,  a  new  formation, 
and  went  to  Belgium. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     523 

1917. 
Verdun. 

1.  In  Januarj.-  and  February,  1917,  the  58th  Division  became  exchisively  Saxon 
(106th,  107th,  103d  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments).  It  went  to  the  Verdun  front  and 
remained  to  the  end  of  ^larch,  1917. 

Champagne. 

2.  The  latter  part  of  March  it  went  into  line  at  Auberive,  and  suffered  heavy  losses 
in  the  attack  of  April  16-17.  Because  of  these  losses,  the  8th  Company  of  the  IflSd 
Infantry  Regiment  required  a  minimum  reenforcement  of  70  men. 

Russia-Lake  Narotch. 

3.  Relieved  about  April  20,  the  58th  Di\dsion  entrained  on  the  24th  for  Russia. 
(Itinerary:  Coblentz-Gie8sen-IIalle-Lissa-Lodz-Warsaw-Brest-Lito\vskr(Apr.  28).)  It 
held  the  sector  south  of  Lake  Narotch  from  the  beginning  of  ]\Iay  until  the  beginning 
of  October. 

Belgium. 

4.  On  October  6  it  was  brought  back  to  France.  (Itinerary:  Vilna-Koenigsberg- 
Luebeck-Hamburg-Crefeld-Aix  la  Chapelle-Li^ge-Ghent-Bruges-Thourout  (Oct. 
11).) 

HouTHULST  Wood. 

5.  On  October  17  it  took  over  the  sector  south  of  Houthulst  wood  and  received  the 
attack  of  October  22;  it  was  relieved  on  the  24th. 

6.  On  October  31  it  again  occupied  the  sector  which  it  left  at  the  end  of  November. 

7.  It  spent  December  at  rest  in  the  \dcinity  of  Bruges. 

RECRUITING. 

Mixed  at  the  beginning  (Saxon  and  Wurttemberg),  like  the  54th  Reserve  Division, 
the  di^osion  became  homogeneous  by  exchanging  its  Wurttemberg  troops  for  Saxon 
units. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

^\'hen  the  58th  Di\rision  was  on  the  Russian  front,  a  division  school  was  formed  in 
the  month  of  Jime,  1917,  %vith  the  purpose  of  teaching  men  the  method  of  attack. 

The  diATsion  school  was  dissolved  a  few  days  before  the  departure  for  Russia.  As 
soon  as  they  arrived  on  the  Western  Front  it  was  made  an  assault  detachment  of  the 
division. 

On'  the  Flanders  front  the  58th  Division  did  not  show  any  high  combat  ^•alue. 
Rather  frequent  cases  of  abandoning  the  front  line  have  been  proved  (October,  1917). 

1918. 
Ypres. 

1.  About  April  3  the  di\'ision  extended  its  left  flank  and  relieved  the  38th  Di\-i8ion. 
At  that  time  the  division  Wiis  holding  two  di\'isional  sectors.  About  May  19,  it  was 
relieved  by  the  49th  Re8er\'e  Division  and  moved  to  the  Locre  sector  where  it  relieved 
the  31st  Di\-ision  a  day  later.  This  sector  was  held  by  the  div-ision  until  the  night  of 
June  13-14  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  52d  Reserve  Di\-ision. 

2.  It  rested  in  the  Courtrai  area  until  July  7  when  it  returned  to  line  west  of 
Dranoutre  in  relief  of  the  12l8t  Division.  The  52d  Reserve  Division  again  relieved 
it  on  August  9. 

Scarpe-Somme. 

3.  The  di\-ision  entrained  at  Menin  on  August  25  and  detrained  at  Sancourt  on  the 
evening  of  the  26th  coming  into  line  on  August  28  near  Ilardecourt  and  Bullerourt. 
It  sideslipped  south  about  the  1st  of  September  and  replaced  the  52d  Div-ision  which 
had  been  withdrawn.     About  September  10  the  di\'ision  was  Avithdrawn  from  the 


524      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICTPATED  IN  WAR. 

battle  front  after  Buffering  heavy  losses.     About  this  time  the  regiments  of  the  division 
were  reduced  to  two  battalions  of  three  companies  each. 

4.  On  September  27,  the  division  relieved  the  39th  Divi.sion  north  of  Ecourt-St. 
Quentin.  It  retreated  by  Arleux  to  a  point  west  of  ^'alenciennes  where  it  was  relieved 
about  October  22.  Two  days  later  it  came  into  line  farther  south  at  Ghent  and  fought 
until  November  7.  The  final  identifications  were  at  Ilecq  (Nov.  4),  north  of  Berlai- 
mont  (Nov.  5)  and  north  of  Pont-sur-Sambre  (Nov.  6). 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  used  as  a  strong  defensive  division 
exclusively  on  the  British  front  during  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     525 


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526      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(249th  and  250tli  Reserve  Infantry  Regiments,  14tli  Corps  DiBtrict — Grand  Duchy 
of  Baden.    251st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment;  11th  Corps  District — Electorate  of 

Hesse.) 

1915. 
Russia. 

1.  The  75th  Reserve  Division,  trained  at  the  Heuberg  Camp  in  Baden,  included 
two  regiments  of  the  14th  Corps  District  and  one  from  the  11th  Corps  District.  The 
first  two  were  formed  from  the  six  field  battalions  from  Baden,  Nos.  61  to  66;  the  tliird, 
from  three  Thuringian  field  battalions,  Nos.  58  to  60. 

2.  Forming  a  part  of  the  38th  Reserve  Corps  with  the  7Gth  Reserve  Division,  it 
was  sent  to  the  Eastern  Front  at  the  end  of  January,  1915. 

3.  On  February  17  it  was  in  the  A-icinity  of  Augustowo,  after  taking  part  in  the 
battle  of  Mazurian  Lakes,  where  it  lost  heavily  (250th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment). 

4.  At  the  end  of  February  and  the  beginning  of  March  it  occupied  the  front  near 
Chtabin. 

5.  On  March  9  it  attacked  north  of  Ostrolenka  and  marched  to  Ossowiec.  It 
remained  in  the  region  north  of  Ostrolenka  until  the  end  of  April. 

6.  In  the  summer,  it  took  part  in  the  march  upon  Vilna  and  advanced  beyond 
this  by  way  of  Wileisk  (Sept.  24),  south  of  Lake  Drisviaty  (Oct.  6). 

7.  At  the  end  of  October,  the  75th  Reserve  Division  went  somewhat  to  the  south 
and  took  over  the  sector  of  Spiagla,  south  of  Lake  Narotch. 

1916. 
Lake  Narotch. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  in  the  \icinity  of  Lake  Narotch  until  the  end  of 
July,  191G.     In  the  spring  of  1916,  it  received  the  Russian  offensive  in  this  area. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  August,  it  was  transferred  to  the  Stokhod.  We  find  it  south- 
west of  S\iniouki  on  October  1;  south  of  Kisselin  on  November  9  (except  the  251st 
Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  sent  to  Galicia  on  Oct.  30). 

G  ALICIA. 

3.  At  the  end  of  November,  the  entire  division  was  in  Galicia,  where  it  occupied 
the  sector  of  the  Narajowka  (north  of  Ilalicz,  Rohatyn). 

1917 
Galicia. 

1.  The  75th  Reserve  Division  was  retained  in  the  vicinity  of  Halicz,  and  of  Brzezany 
until  July,  1917  (in  reserve  from  the  end  of  March  to  the  end  of  May). 

COURLAND. 

2.  On  July  25  the  division  left  Galicia  to  go  to  Smorgoni,  from  which  place  it  was 
transferred  to  the  Riga  sector  (Uxkull)  at  the  end  of  August.  After  the  taking  of 
Riga,  it  advanced  beyond  the  Dvina  and  took  up  its  position  on  the  Meloupe. 

France. 

3.  On  December  1  the  division  entrained  for  France.  (Itinerary:  Riga-Mitau- 
Kovno-Marienburg-  Berlin-  Hanover-  Cassel-  Cologne-  Coblentz-  Treves-  Thion\ille- 
Metz-Charle\ille-Hirson-Ver\ins.)     It  detrained  at  St.  Gobert  and  Vervins  about 

December  7. 

1917. 

AlSNE. 

4.  Sent  to  rest  near  Vervins,  about  December  20,  the  division  took  over  the  sector 

of  Chavignon-LTrcel  on  the  27th. 

recruiting. 

The  divisions  formed  in  1915' were  not  homogeneous.  The  75th  Reserve  Division 
consists  of  two  regiments  from  Baden  and  one  from  the  Electorate  of  Hesse. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     527 
VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Since  the  75th  Reserve  Division  comes  from  Russia  and  has  only  been  on  the 
French  front  since  the  end  of  December  1917,  it  is  difficult  to  form  a  judgment  as  to 
the  combat  value  of  this  organization. 

At  the  end  of  December  elements  of  the  di\'ision  took  part  in  maneuvers  supported 
by  tanks  (at  Voulpaix,  west  of  Verdun).     (Interrogation  of  prisoner,  Feb.  20,  1918.) 

At  the  beginning  of  February  the  251st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  took  part  in 
a  division  maneuver  in  which  the  infantry  had  to  fight  simulated  tanks.  (Interro- 
gation of  prisoner,  Mar.  11,  1918.) 

DISCIPLINE. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  during  the  trip  from  Russia  to  France  40  men  belonging  to 
the  Minenwerfer  and  pioneer  companies,  were  reported  missing.  (Interrogation  of 
prisoner,  Jan.  31,  1918.) 

1918. 

PiCARDY. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  south  of  Laon  on  March  26  and  went  to  Laon.  By 
way  of  Champignon  (west  of  Crepy),  Charmes,  it  marched  to  Chauny,  where  it  went 
into  line  on  !March  30.  It  was  engaged  until  about  April  14,  and  then  went  to  rest 
north  of  St.  Gobain. 

Battle  op  the  Matz. 

2.  It  returned  to  line  southeast  of  Canny  sur  Matz  on  the  night  of  May  16-17  and 
took  part  in  the  battle  of  Noyon  in  Jime.  It  was  relieved  about  June  20  and  rested 
until  July  2.  It  was  in  line  at  Courcelles  from  that  date  until  August  18.  Prior 
to  the  French  attack  on  August  18,  the  dixision  counted  about  3.000  combatants. 
It  suffered  important  losses  between  the  8th  and  18th. 

3.  The  division  rested  in  the  Bois  de  Champien  and  Bois  de  Glandon  until  August  23 
and  then  in  the  Bois  du  Tunnel.  On  the  27th  it  went  to  Ham.  On  .the  night  of 
August  31-September  1  it  relieved  the  1st  Reserve  Dixosion  in  the  sector  libermont- 
Bois  du  Tunnel.  It  fell  back  across  the  Canal  du  Xord  on  September  3  and  con- 
tinued its  retreat  through  Sommette,  Dury,  Bray  St.  Christophe  until  it  reached  a 
position  at  Happencourt  on  September  7.  It  was  relieved  on  the  13th  by  the  22d 
Reserve  Division.  The  attack  of  August  and  September  had  completely  disorgan- 
ized the  division  and  greatly  reduced  its  morale. 

Le  Cate.^u. 

4.  The  division  returned  to  line  west  of  Bellenglise  on  September  20  and  was  heavily 
engaged  for  10  dayo. 

WOEVRE. 

5.  On  November  10  the  division  came  into  line  near  Jamez  on  the  American  front. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Throughout  1918  its  morale  appears  to  have 
been  low,  and  after  the  battle  of  Matz  its  effectives  were  greatly  reduced. 


528      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAIs^  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     529 

HISTORY. 

(11th  and  ISth  Corps  District — ^Hesse  Electoral.  Ilcsse-Nassau,  and  Grand  Duchy 

of  Hesse.) 

1915. 
Russia. 

1.  The  76th  Reserve  Division  (inchided  in  the  38th  Reserve  Corps  with  the  75th 
Reserve  Division),  formed  in  January,  1915,  grows  out  of  three  field  battalions  (Feld 
bataillone),  Nos.  55-57  of  the  11th  Corps  District,  and  out  of  six  field  battalions,  Nos. 
67-72  oj  the  18th  Corps  District.  It  was  sent  toward  Russia  at  the  beginning  of 
February,  1915. 

2.  On  February  13  it  was  identified  in  the  region  of  Gumbinnen.  It  was  really 
part  of  the  group  which  operated  in  the  region  of  Wylkowyszki-Mariampol. 

3.  On  March  2  it  was  on  the  Sopotzkyn-Chtabin  front. 

4.  In  March  it  was  northeast  of  Prasnysz. 

5.  In  April  it  was  in  the  region  of  Suwalki-Augustowo. 

6.  In  May  it  was  north  of  Suwalki. 

7.  On  June  23  the  76th  Reserve  Di\-ision  went  to  the  Dubissa  area. 

8.  On  June  30,  region  of  Eydtkuhnen. 

9.  The  summer  offensive  of  1915  brought  it,  through  the  region  of  Vilia,  to  Kovno 
Aug.  16)  and  then  to  the  south  of  Smorgoni  (Oct.  6-10). 

It  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  about  October  15  and  was  at  Vilna  on  November  1 
and  in  the  region  of  Mitau  on  December  5. 

1916. 

COURLAND. 

1.  Then  moved  toward  the  north,  the  76th  Reserve  Division  took  up  a  sector  on 
the  Dvina,  opposite  Uxkull  (Jan. -Aug.,  1916). 

RotTMANIA. 

2.  From  the  10th  to  the  20th  of  September  the  division  was  moved  to  the  Rou- 
manian front. 

3.  In  October  it  took  part  in  the  battles  in  the  regions  of  Hermannstadtand  Bras^o 
(Kronstadt). 

4.  At  the  end  of  October  or  beginning  of  November  it  occupied  the  vicinity  of 
Campolung.    At  the  end  of  December,  to  the  south  of  Rimnicu-Sarat. 

1917. 

ROUMANIA   (FOCSANI). 

1.  With  the  stabilization  of  the  Roumanian  front,  it  was  in  line  to  the  north  and  cast 
to  Focsani,  where  it  remained  from  January  to  April,  1917. 

2.  In  May  it  was  in  reserve.  At  about  this  time  it  seems  to  have  been  brought  to 
the  rear  of  the  French  front. 

3.  The  division  reappeared  in  Roumania,  in  the  vicinity  of  Focsani,  from  August 
6  to  14.     It  attacked  on  the  15th  and  suffered  hea\y  losses. 

4.  Put  in  reserve,  near  Focsani,  it  went  back  into  line  at  the  l)cginningof  October 
to  the  north  of  Iresti.     It  was  still  in  that  region  at  the  beginning  of  Januajy,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  252d  Regiment  in  Thuringe,  253d  Regiment  in  Hesse-Nassau,  and  254th  Regi- 
ment in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse.  These  last  two  regiments  may  be  termed 
Rhenish  regiments. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  76th  Reserve  Division  was  at  all  tunes  used  on  the  eastern  front, 
12.")6.")1°— 20 34 


530      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  rARTIClPATED  IN  WAR. 

1919. 

1.  The  division  was  moved  to  the  Western  Front  in  the  spring  after  exchanging  its 
older  men  for  younger  men  from  the  di\'isions  remaining  in  Roumania.  It  entrained 
at  Focsani  on  March  7  and  traveled  by  way  of  Ilermannstadt,  Budapest,  Breslau, 
Erfurt,  Fulda,  to  Metz,  where  it  detrained  on  March  15.  The  254th  Reser\'e  Regiment 
was  in  cantonments  a  few  days  at  Fort  Luitpold  and  then  went  to  Norroy  le  Veneur 
where  it  remained  about  12  days.  It  entrained  on  March  31  and  proceeded  by  way  of 
Sedan  and  Charleville  to  Ilirson  (Apr.  1).  From  there  it  marched  via  Remigny- 
Golancourt-Roye-Narvillers-Hangest-Plessier-Rozaiiivillers,  where  it  went  into 
cantonments  for  three  days. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2.  On  the  night  of  April  12-13  the  division  relieved  elements  of  the  23d  Division 
between  Malpart  and  La  Chappelle-St.  Aignan.  About  May  2  the  di\ision  extended 
its  front  to  the  north  and  relieved  a  part  of  the  240th  Division.  This  was  a  defensive 
sector  at  this  time.  On  May  9  the  French  made  an  attack  on  Grivesnes  Park  while  the 
76th  Reserve  Division  was  holding  it.  The  attack  was  a  complete  surprise  and  caused 
many  casualties.  Between  April  10  and  May  8  the  losses  averaged  30  to  35  men  per 
company  and  the  niunber  of  combatants  on  May  9  was  about  75  per  company.  It  was 
relieved  in  the  middle  of  May. 

Verdun. 

3.  The  division  entered  line  in  the  Verdun  region  to  the  south  of  Bezonvaux  on  June 
21.  It  was  withdrawn  from  the  quiet  sector  in  mid-July,  and  on  the  29th  relieved  the 
46th  Reserve  Division  southwest  of  Soissons.  Until  August  2  it  was  not  involved  in 
the  attack.  It  defended  the  flanks  of  the  German  retreat  energetically  imtil  its 
withdrawal  on  September  8.  A  week  later  its  regiments  were  used  singly  to  support 
the  units  in  line  in  delaying  the  French  advance  on  the  line  Coucy  le  Chateau-Femy- 
Somy.  The  losses  in  the  fighting  were  considerable,  including  575  prisoners.  It 
showed  itself  a  good  defensive  division. 

4.  On  September  25  the  division  came  in  line  on  the  extreme  left  of  the  American 
line  in  the  Argonne.  On  October  10  all  three  regiments  were  opposite  the  United 
States  troops  in  Grandpre.  It  remained  in  line  imtil  November  8  before  it  was  finally 
withdrawn. 

The  excessive  use  of  the  division  gave  rise  to  serious  internal  discontent.  The 
rifle  strength  of  the  regiments  was  down  to  less  than  300  by  October  24,  and  the  troops 
were  demanding  a  rest.  Some  companies  refused  to  enter  the  line  in  mid-October. 
The  divisional  commander  was  obliged  to  issue  an  appeal  to  the  division  on  October 
21  to  hold  out.  The  entire  rifle  strength  of  the  2d  Battalion,  254th  Reserve  Regiment, 
was  but  3  oflicers  and  75  men  on  October  28. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  As  a  defensive  sector  holding  unit  the  di- 
vision showed  a  power  of  sustained  resistance  that  warranted  a  higher  classification. 
By  the  end  the  division  had  been  completely  used  up. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     531 


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532      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAIITICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(255th  Regiment:  7th  Corps  District— Westphalia.     257th  Regiment,  332d  Regiment: 
8th  Corps  District — Rhenish  Province.) 

1915. 

The  77th  Reserve  Division  was  formed  at  the  Senne  Cantonment  (7th  Corps  Region) 
in  January,  1915,  with  six  field  battalions  (Nos.  31-36)  of  the  7th  Corps  Region  and  three 
of  the  8th,  (Nos.  37-39.)  With  the  78th  Reserve  Division,  it  composed  the  39tli  Reserve 
Corps. 

Russia. 

1.  Brought  to  the  Eastern  Front  at  the  ])eginning  of  Fel^ruarj-,  detraining  at  Inster- 
burg,  it  was  a  part  of  the  army  operating  in  Eastern  Prussia  after  Februarj'  12. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  March  it  was  engaged  on  the  Sopotzkyn-Chtabin  front  in  the 
region  of  Simno;  on  ^^a^ch  9  it  covered  the  retreat  of  the  21st  Corps  and  fell  back  to 
Seiny,  Suwalki  and  Augustowo  (Mar.  10  to  31). 

3.  During  May  and  June  the  77th  Reserve  Di\dsion  took  part  in  the  Courland  raid. 
On  J^Iay  5  it  was  identified  as  being  on  the  Rossieny-Beisagola  front  (to  the  South  of 
Chavli). 

Grodno. 

4.  Taking  part  in  the  summer  offensive,  it  advanced  through  the  regions  of  Grodno, 
Olita  (Aug  30)  and  Vileiki  (Sept  27). 

5.  At  the  beginning  of  November  it  established  itself  in  the  \'icinity  of  Kchtchava, 
east  of  Novo-Alexandrovsk. 

1916. 
Courland. 

1.  The  77th  Reserve  Division  stayed  in  the  region  north  of  Kchtchava — and  south  of 
Dvinsk  during  all  of  1916  and  until  August  1917.  In  August  of  1916  it  gave  one  of  its 
regiments — the  256th — to  the  Mitau  group  and  later  to  the  218th  Division. 

1917. 
Courland. 

1.  At  the  end  of  August,  1917,  the  77th  Reserve  Division  was  transferred  from  the 
region  of  the  Dvinsk  to  the  Riga  front,  being  brought  up  to  strength  by  the  addition  of 
the  332d  Regiment,  the  latter  having  originally  come  from  the  83d  Di\Tsion  after  hav- 
ing successively  been  part  of  the  11th  Landwehr  Division  and  the  8th  Cavalry 
Division. 

2.  In  October  the  77th  Reserve  Division  appeared  in  the  \dcinity  of  Friedrichstadt; 
near  Jakobstadt,  at  the  end  of  October.  The  255th  Regiment  may  have  participated 
about  this  date  in  the  occupation  of  the  island  of  Oesel . 

3.  On  November  5  the  division  is  identified  in  the  region  of  Libau;  on  January  20, 
the  257th  Regiment  at  Mitau;  and  to  the  northwest  of  the  Novo-Alexandrovsk-Dvinsk 
railway,  the  255th  Regiment  on  February'  10.  On  March  1  the  332d  Regiment  of 
Infantry  was  to  leave  "in  order  to  advance  in  the  East"  (letter). 

RECRUITING. 

Principally  Westphalia  for  the  255th  Regiment;  Rhenish  provinces  for  the  257th  and 
332d  Regiments.  Numerous  recruits  from  lyorraine  and  Alsace.  Poles  in  the  332d 
Regiment,  which  received  the  Ersatz  Battalion  of  the  19th  Infantry  at  the  time  it  was 
formed. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  77th  Reserve  Division  did  not  leave  the  Russian  front.  One  of  its  present 
regiments,  the  332d ,  is  a  former  regiment  of  the  Poscn  garrison,  of  which  two  of  the  three 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     533 

battalions  were  Rhenish  Landsturm  battalions.  Successive  replacements  gave  this 
regiment  the  appearance  of  an  ordinary  regiment.  In  Januarj',  1918,  the  older  and 
sickly  men  were  released. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  left  Russia  about  April  1  and  traveled  via  Magdebourg-Hildesheim- 
Cologne  -  Gerolstein  -  Gouv>^  -  Bastogne  -  Lebramont  -  Sedan  -  Liart  -  Rozay  -  Mont- 
comet,  detraining  in  the  vicinity  of  Laon  on  April  4.  It  marched  l^y  stages  toward 
Villers-Carbonnel-Athies,  where  it  rested  and  trained  from  April  11  to  19.  On  April 
20  it  entered  the  line  north  of  Hangard  and  was  engaged  until  the  end  of  the  month. 

SOMME. 

2.  It  returned  to  line  east  of  Mllers-Bretonneux  on  May  18  and  hold  that  sector 
until  July  4. 

WOEVRK. 

3.  The  division  was  moved  to  the  Woevre  by  Hirson  and  Montmedy  and  on  July  14 
relieved  the  183d  Division  in  the  Flirey  sector.  It  held  that  sector  until  the  American 
attack  on  St.  !Mihiel  on  September  12.  The  division  suffered  very  heavy  losses  in 
prisoners,  but  had  few  other  casualties,  the  prisoners  stating  that  they  were  completely 
cut  off  by  the  American  barrage.  It  was  withdrawn  on  September  16  and  did  not 
thereafter  return  to  line. 

4.  What  remained  of  the  77th  Reserve  Division  was  reassembled  at  Pagny  and  was 
occupied  in  organizing  the  ground  between  Pagny  and  Prenay.  A  report  of  October 
11  stated  that  the  division  passed  through  Berlin  on  its  way  to  the  Balkan  front  on 
October  2.     The  division  was  then  considered  as  withdrawn  from  the  Western  Front. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  not  seriously  engaged  except  in  the 
St.  Mihiel  attack,  which  practically  destroyed  the  di\'ision.  Its  morale  was  only 
mediocre.     Deserters  from  the  Alsace-Lorraine  element  in  the  division  were  numerous. 


534      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     535 

HISTORY. 

(258th    Regiment:  8th   Corps   District— Rhenish  Province.     259th    Regiment:  10th 
Corps  District— Grand  Duchy  of  Oldenberg.     260th  Regiment:  10th  Corps  Dis- 
trict— Hanover. ) 

1915. 

The  78th  Reserve  Division  which,  with  the  77th  Reser^■o  Division,  constituted  the 
39th  Reserve  Corps  as  one  of  the  reserve  divisions  created  during  the  winter  of  1914-15. 
One  of  its  regiments — the  258th — grew  out  of  three  field  battalions  of  the  8th  Corps 
Region  ( Nos.  40-42)  and  the  259th  and  the  260th  out  of  six  field  battalions  (Nos.  49-54) 
of  the  10th  Corps  District.  All  three  regiments  were  trained  at  the  Alten-Grabow 
cantonment  (4th  Corps  District). 

Russia. 

1.  In  action  on  the  Russian  front  to  the  north  of  Grodno,  near  Simno,  Kalvariia 
and  Suwalki  in  March,  1915,  it  took  part  in  the  Courland  raid  (region  of  Chavli)  in 
May.  It  was  engaged  in  the  operations  on  the  Dubissa  to  the  northeast  of  Rossieny 
from  the  end  of  May  to  the  middle  of  July. 

2.  In  July,  with  the  Army  of  Niemen  (Beulow)  it  took  part  in  the  offensive  against 
Russia,  occupied  the  region  of  Poneviej,  to  the  west  of  Kupichki  (August)  arrived 
before;  Dvinsk  in  September  and  held  a  position  near  the  Illukst  (September-Decem- 
ber). 

1916. 
Courland. 

1.  The  78th  Reserve  Division  remained  in  the  Illukst  (region  of  Dvinsk)  during 
the  whole  year  191G  and  until  the  month  of  April,  1917. 

1917. 
Courland. 

1.  Relieved  from  the  Illukst  region  on  April  14,  1917,  the  di\'ision  was  transferred 
to  the  Western  Front.  It  entrained  on  April  15  (itinerary:  Kovno-Wirballen- 
A llenstein-Posen-Leipzig-Nuremberg-Karlsmhe-Friberg-Muelheim)  and  detrained 
near  Mulhausen  on  the  19th. 

France  (Alsace). 

2.  On  April  25  it  went  into  line  in  the  Bumhaupt  sector  to  the  north  of  the  Rhone- 
Rhine  Canal. 

AlSNE    (AlLETTFl. 

3.  Relieved  on  May  11,  it  was  sent  into  the  Alsno.  For  10  weeks  it  occupied  (May 
23-Aug.  5)  the  sector  south  of  the  Ailette,  where  it  did  not  participate  in  any  action 
of  importance.  Beginning  \vith  June  19  it  made  a  series  of  local  attacks  in  which  the 
258th  Regiment  suffered  some  fairly  big  losses  (especially  on  June  20,  to  the  east  of 
Vauxaillon). 

Verdun. 

4.  Sent  toward  the  Verdun  front  as  a  reserve  at  the  time  of  the  French  offensive  of 
August  20,  it  was  engaged  to  the  north  of  Cauri^res  (southwest  of  the  Omes)  on  Septem- 
ber 10.  On  September  13  it  executed  a  counterattack  and  continued  to  occupy  this 
difficult  sector  until  the  middle  of  October. 

Lorr.\ine. 

5.  Withdrawn  from  Verdun,  the  division  immediately  went  into  line  along  the  banks 
of  the  Seille  (between  Cheminot  and  Abaucourt)  on  October  14.  Its  stay  in  Ix)rraine 
was  devoid  of  any  particular  event. 


536    DivTSTOisrs  of  cermmst  army  wtttctt  paettctpated  in  war. 

Ha  YE. 

6.  Toward  the  middle  of  December  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  Abaucourt  sector 
and  put  at  rest  for  instruction  in  the  region  of  Chambley-Mars  la  Tour  (Dec.  18  to  Jan. 
11, 1918),  then  sent  to  Seicheprey  toward  the  middle  of  January.  It  was  identified 
as  still  there  on  March  29. 

RECRUITING. 

One  of  the  three  regiments,  the  258th,  was  Rhenish;  the  259th  was  an  ' '  Oldenberger  " 
Regiment,  while  the  260th  was  a  Hanoverian  and  Brunswickian  organization,  terms 
found  in  documents,  as  well  as  the  designation  Lower  Saxony,  a  more  general  term. 

The  neighboring  corps  districts  (7th,  Westphalia,  and  9th,  Schleswig-IIolstein)  were 
occasionally  called  upon  for  replacements. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  78th  Reserve  Division  showed  up  well  on  the  Eastern  Front  and  on  the  French 
front. 

After  a  hard  stay  opposite  Verdun,  the  di\dsion  seems  to  have  gone  through  a  moral 
crisis;  relatively  high  number  of  desertions  took  place  in  the  258th,  and  especially 
in  the  259th  Regiment.  The  intention  of  the  High  Command  in  sending  the  division 
into  Lorraine  (October-December,  1917)  is  said  to  have  been  done  with  an  idea  or 
giving  its  chiefs  an  opportunity  of  getting  their  units  well  in  hand  again. 

Nevertheless,  the  vigorous  command  and  the  fairly  high  number  of  effectives, 
taken  for  the  greater  part  from  the  younger  classes,  make  the  78th  Reserve  Division 
a  combat  division  worthy  of  consideration.  At  Jonville  at  the  end  of  December,  1917, 
the  division  took  part  in  assault  practice. 

It  is  to  be  noted  that  a  certain  number  of  recruits  were  from  Alsace  and  Lorraine. 

1918. 
Chateau  Thierry. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  in  the  Woevre  about  May  11  by  the  8th  Bavarian 
Reserve  Di\'ision.  It  came  into  line  on  June  4  west  of  Dammard  (Ourcq  region). 
It  was  engaged  until  about  July  20  and  then  withdrawn. 

2.  The  division  was  disbanded  at  Montconiet  on  August  12.  The  259th  Reserve 
Regiment  was  broken  up  and  one  battalion  of  it  sent  to  each  regiment  of  the  2d  Guard 
Division.     The  260th  Reserve  Regiment  was  turned  as  a  draft  to  the  20th  Division. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  After  about  two  weeks  of  heavy  fighting  on 
the  Mame  salient,  the  division  was  dissolved. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     537 


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538      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHIOn  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(261st  and  202(1  Reserve  Regiments:  Entire  Pi'UFsian  territory  by  selection,  in  the 
same  manner  as  the  Guard.  2G3d  Reserve  Regiment:  4th  Corps  District — Prus- 
sian Saxony. 

1915. 

Eastern  Prussia. 

1.  The  79th  Reserve  DiAosion  was  one  of  the  divisions  formed  in  the  winter  of 
1914-15,  and,  with  the  80th  Reserve  Division,  formed  the  40th  Reserve  Corps.  It 
grew  out  of  six  field  battalions  of  the  Guard  and  three  field  battalions.  (Nos.  19-21) 
of  the  4th  Corps  District.  It  was  trained  at  the  Doeljeritx  cantonment  and  sent  to 
Eastern  Prussia  at  the  beginning  of  February,  1915,  where  it  took  part  in  the  battle  of 
the  Masiu-e  Lakes  from  the  7th  to  the  17th. 

Russia. 

2.  It  was  identified  in  the  -vicinity  of  Lyck  on  February  13,  as  marching  toward 
Augustowo  on  the  14th  and  to  the  south  of  the  Forest  of  Augustowo  on  the  24  th. 
Poland. 

3.  From  the  end  of  February  imtil  the  end  of  March  it  was  engaged  on  the  Bol)r, 
to  the  north  of  the  Fortess  of  Osso^iec.  At  the  end  of  !March,  ha%-ing  come  back  in  the 
northeast,  it  held  the  passes  in  the  lakes  to  the  east  of  Suwalki-Augustowo. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  May  the  40th  Reserve  Corps  advanced  toward  Kalwariia- 
Mariampol.  i 

KOVNO. 

5.  On  June  9  the  79th  Reserve  Division  appeared  before  Kovno;  it  took  part  in  the 
siege  and  the  taking  of  this  to-wTi  (July-Aug.  18). 

Smorgoni. 

6.  The  offensive  against  the  Russians  took  it  through  Ochmiana  (?)  to  the  south  of 
Smorgoni  (Aug.  27").     The  division  took  a  position  in  this  region. 
Smorgoni-Krevo. 

7.  The  di\'ision  occupied  the  Krevo-Smorgoni  (south  of  Vilna)  sector  from  the  end 
of  August,  1915.  until  some  time  in  November,  1916. 

1916. 
Russia-France. 

'  1.  Relieved  from  the  Smorgoni  sector  at  the  end  of  November,  1916,  the  79th 
Division  was  transferred  to  the  Western  Front.  It  entrained  at  ^litau  (Itinemry: 
Chavli-Grodno-Bielostok-Varso\de-Lodz-Kalisz-Glogau-Cottbus-Halle-Paderliom- 
Duesseldorf-Aix  la  Chapelle-Herbesthal-Liege-Louvain-Brussels)  and  detrained  at 
Ascq  (east  of  Lille)  on  December  10. 
Lille. 
2.  Remained  there  at  rest. 

1917. 
La  Bassee. 

1.  About  January  10,  1917,  it  took  over  the  La  Bassee-Vermelles  sector  (up  to 
Jan.  28). 

Lens-Vimy. 

2.  At  the  end  of  February  it  appeared  in  the  Lens  sector  and  on  March  3  on  the 
Vimy  front.  On  April  9  it  was  sorely  tried  by  the  British  attack  on  the  heights  of 
Vimy,  where  it  lost  1,660  prisoners. 

3.  It  was  relieved  about  April  14  and  put  at  rest. 
Lille. 

4.  On  May  3  the  division  entered  the  line  again  in  the  quiet  sector  to  the  southwest 
of  Lille  (between  Boutillerie  and  Fauquissart).     It  stayed  there  vmtil  July  8. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     539 

Flanders. 

5.  After  a  few  days  rest  at  Templeuve  it  was  traiisferred  to  Flanders,  where  it  was 
again  at  rest  Ceast  of  Bruges)  (July). 

Langemarck. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  the  British  offensive  at  Ypres  (July  31)  it  was  brought  to 
lyangemarck  as  a  "counterattack"  di\-ision.  Engaged  on  August  6  it  suffered  very 
heaw  losses  and  abandoned  Langemarck  during  the  attack  of  the  16th.  It  was  re- 
lieved on  the  16th,  having  lost  75  per  cent  of  it.s  strength.  It  was  put  at  rest  east  of 
Caml^rai  and  reorganized. 

St.  Quentin. 

7.  On  September  1  it  took  over  the  sector  northwest  of  St.  QucTitin  (Pontruet- 
Gricourt),  which  it  occupied  until  November  28. 

Cambrai. 

8.  On  November  21,  by  reai?on  of  the  British  offensive,  it  hastily  put  two  battalions 
in  action  at  Masrderes. 

9.  At  the  beginning  of  December  the  79th  Reserve  Di^dsion  went  into  line  to  the 
east  of  Gouzeaucourt.  It  was  relieved  in  January,  1918,  reappeared  on  the  front  at  the 
beginiungof  February  near  Gonnelieu,  and  went  back  to  rest  at  the  end  of  the  month. 

RF.CRX'ITING. 

The  261st  and  262d  Regiments  were  taken  from  depots  of  the  Guard  and  were  re- 
cruited like  the  latter,  from  all  sections  of  Prussia.  The  263d  Regiment  was  a '  'Magde- 
berg"'  unit  (Prussian  Saxony). 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  79th  Division,  already  sorely  tried  at  Vimy  in  April,  was  much  used  at  Ypres  in 
August,  1917. 

The  261st  and  262d  Regiments  were  completely  demoralized  during  the  British 
attack  and  fled  to  the  rear.  According  to  an  officer  this  panic  was  due  to  the  lack  of 
combat  spirit  displayed  by  the  1918  class,  which  made  up  an  important  part  of  the 
strength  of  the  soldiers  engaged. 

It  arrived  in  a  very  worn  out  condition  in  the  St.  Quentin  sector  and  left  it  on  Novem- 
ber 28  with  nearly  full  strength  and  replacement  of  material.  It  should  (December, 
1917)  be  capal)le  of  putting  forth  an  appreciable  effort. 

The  soldiers  from  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  formerly  numerous  in  this  division,  were 
withdrawn  from  this  unit  u  hen  it  was  sent  to  the  French  front.  Ninety-three  of  them 
remained  in  the  252d  Regiment,  who  were  mostly  sent  to  the  Eastern  Front  on  July  3, 

1917  (German  order). 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  division  reenforced  the  Somme  battle  front  on  March  21  near  Ronssoy.  It 
advanced  west  of  Epehy  on  March  22  and  was  withdrawn  to  second  line  a  day  later. 
It  followed  up  the  advance  and  took  part  in  the  attack  near  Meaulte  on  April  5,  after 
which  it  was  withdrawn. 

B.\illeul. 

2.  It  rested  in  Belgium  for  five  weeks,  and  on  May  26  entered  the  line  northwest  of 
Bailleul.    It  was  relieved  on  the  night  of  June  19-20. 

3.  The  division  rested  in  Roubaix  area  imtil  July  20,  when  it  was  transferred  by 
rail  to  Tergnier  (west  of  La  Fere)  and  then  marched  to  Gimy,west  of  Coucy  le  Chateau, 
where  it  remained  in  army  reserve.  On  August  8  the  division  was  alarmed,  and  at 
mid-day  was  transferred  in  motor  busses  via  Chauny-Ham-Nesle  to  Rcthonvillers, 
arriving  before  dawn  on  the  9th.  It  came  into  action  on  the  following  day  at  4  kilo- 
meters northeast  of  Andechy. 


540     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

SCARPE-SOMME. 

4.  At  once  the  di\'ision  was  heavily  engaged  with  all'iiine  battalions  in  line.  On 
the  13th  its  place  was  taken  by  the  121st  Di^dsion,  and  it  rested  for  three  or  four  days 
in  the  area  southwest  of  Nesle.  On  the  16th  the  division  relieved  the  204th  Di\'ision 
on  the  line  east  of  Goyencourt-Hill  81,  west  of  Roye-Awe.  It  was  hea\ily  engaged 
in  opposing  the  French  attacks  until  August  31,  when  it  was  withdrawn  east  of  Roye. 

5.  On  September  5  the  di\'ision  relieved  the  Alpine  Cori:)s  at  Epenancourt.  It 
fell  back  in  a  northeasterly  direction  by  Atilly,  southeast  of  Vermand,  southeast  of 
Maissemy,  Pontruet,  and  Gricourt.  It  was  relieved  about  October  8  after  losing  2,200 
prisoners  in  August  and  September. 

SCARPE. 

6.  When  relieved,  the  division  went  to  the  Fres-Sancourt  area  (north  of  St.  Gobain), 
where  it  was  in  reserve.  About  the  14th  it  was  taken  to  La  Ferte-Che^Tesis  to  con- 
struct rear  positions.  It  was  moved  in  trucks  on  the  18th  by  Sains-R,ichaimiont- 
Wiege-Villers  les  Guise-Iron  near  Etreux.  It  went  into  line  on  the  evening  of  the 
18th,  relie^ing  elements  of  the  81st  Division.  It  was  engaged  until  the  armistice. 
The  line  of  retreatwas  through  Boue,  Boulogne,  Avesnes,  Sobre  le  Chateau.  In  the 
last  place  it  was  identified  on  November  10. 

At  the  end  the  effective  strength  of  the  di^•ision  was  greatly  diminished,  although  it 
had  received  drafts  from  the  dissolved  201st  and  202d  Regiments. 

VALUE— 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Throughout  1918  the  di\i.sion  was  exten- 
sively used  in  important  defensive  sectors,  in  which  it  did  fairly  well. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR.    541 


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542      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PiVRTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(264th  Regiment;  4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony  and  part  of  Thuringia.  266th 
Regiment,  9th  Corps  District — Grand  Duchies  of  Mecklenberg.  34th  Regiment, 
2d  Corps  District — Pomerania). 

1915. 

Eastern  Prussia. 

1.  Organized  during  the  wdnter  of  1914-15,  this  di\dsion  and  the  70th  Reserve  Di\-i.sion 
formed  the  40th  Reserve  Corps.  The  80th  Reserve  Di\-ision  ^vas  formed  out  of  three  field 
battalions  of  the  4th  Corps  District  (Nos.  22-24)  and  six  field  battalions  (Nos.  43^8) 
of  the  9th  Corps  District.  After  training  at  the  Lockstedt  cantonment  it  was  sent 
to  Eastern  Prussia  at  the  beginning  of  Februarj^,  1915.  There  it  took  part  in  the  battle 
of  the  Lakes  of  Masura  from  the  7th  to  the  17th. 

Poland. 

2.  From  the  end  of  February  to  the  beginning  of  March  it  wa.s  actively  engaged  in 
the  region  of  the  fortress  of  Osso\dec  and  took  part  in  c>ombats  along  the  Polish  frontier 
before  the  Ptussian  retreat  in  Eastern  Prussia.  In  March  it  was  brought  back  to  the 
frontier  of  Eastern  Prussia  and  fought  in  the  zone  of  the  Suvalki  government  until 
July.     It  exchanged  the  265th  Regiment  for  the  34th  Regiment. 

Smorgoni. 

3.  At  the  time  of  the  Summer  offensive  the  di\i8ion  participated  in  the  taking  of 
Kovno  (Aug.  18),  fought  on  the  Ni^men  (Aug.  19,  Sept.  8th)  and  entered  Vilna. 
It  occupied  the  new  front  in  the  region  of  Smorgoni  and  held  this  sector  until  March, 
1916. 

1916. 
Narotch  Lake. 

1.  In  March,  1916,  the  di\asion  opposed  the  Russian  offensive  on  the  Xarotch  Lake 
front  and  occupied  this  sector  until  the  month  of  December. 

France. 

2.  On  December  23  it  entrained  for  the  Western  Front.  (Itinerary:  Lyntuny 
(northeast  of  Vilna)- Vilna-Ko\Tio-Koenigsberg-Danzig-Stettin-Hamberg-Hanover- 
Cologne-Aix  la  Chapelle-Li^ge-Mons.)  It  detrained  at  Douai  on  the  29th  and  30th 
of  December  and  was  put  at  rest  at  "Waziers  (northeast  of  Douai)  until  the  middle  of 
January,  1917. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1.  January  18,  1917,  it  went  into  line  before  Neuve  Chapelle  (north  of  the  canal  of 
la  Bassee). 

2.  Relieved  at  about  the  beginning  of  ^larch,  it  took  over  a  sector  to  the  south  of 
Lens  (Mar.  14).  Obliged  to  fall  back  to  the  M4ricomt-Avion  line  after  the  capture 
of  the  heights  of  Vimy  by  the  British  troops  (Apr.  9),  it  suffered  serious  losses  in  the 
cotu'se  of  that  operation.  » 

Flanders. 

3.  On  May  16  it  was  relieved  from  the  Lens  front  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of 
Trent  until  May  29. 

4.  From  May  29  to  June  22  it  held  the  Boesinghe-Wieltje  sector,  where  it  took  part 
in  no  engagements. 

Meuse. 

5.  After  resting,  in  July,  in  the  region  of  Sedan-Montm^dy,  tlie  80th  Reserve  Di- 
vision was  l^rought  (July  20)  as  a  reserve  to  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse,  and  at  the 
beginning  of  August  to  the  right  bank  (region  of  Ju\'igny-Jametz-Etraye). 
Verdun. 

0.  On  August  14  it  drew  near  the  front  and  on  August  20  reenforced,  near  Hill  344, 
the  units  strained  by  the  French  attack.  On  the  23d  it  sustained  very  hea\y  losses 
and  gave  up  the  counter  attack. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     543 

Champagne. 

7.  At  the  beginning  of  September  the  di\'ision  entrained  for  Champagne.  It  occu- 
pied the  Tahiire  sector  the  first  half  of  September. 

Argonne. 

8.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  took  over  the  Boureuilles-Vauquois  sector,  which 
it  left  on  January  23,  1918,  going  to  the  Semide  cantonment  for  training. 

KECKUITING. 

The  264th  Regiment  wa.s  recruited  in  the  4th  Corp.s  District  and  is  sometimes  called 
an  Altenberg  regiment.  The  2GGth  Regiment  is  a  Mecklenberg  unit.  The  34th 
Regiment  is  Pomeranian  iu  theory  with  a  fairly  heterogeneous  make-up  like  the  greater 
niunber  of  the  units  from  Pomerania. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  80th  Reserve  Division,  which  seems  to  have  had  a  liigh  morale  while  opposite  the 
EngUsh  front,  did  not  come  up  to  expectations  on  August  20, 1917,  while  opposite  Ver- 
dun. It  proved  incapable  of  counter  attacking.  It  is  reported  that  there  were  de- 
sertions and  mutiny  among  the  men  which  resulted  in  the  relie\ing  of  the  general 
commanding  the  brigade  and  of  the  commanding  officer  of  the  264th  Regiment. 

The  34th  Regiment  was  completely  exhausted  during  the  attacks  of  August  20. 

In  Argonne  the  losses  of  this  di\ision  were  very  slight.  At  the  Semide  cantonment 
(Jan.  23  to  Feb.  20,  1918)  the  division  went  through  various  maneuvers  connected  with 
open  warfare. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  in  the  Vaucjuois  sector  by  the  237th  Division  from  Rus- 
sia about  March  IS.  It  rested  and  trained  until  March  27,  when  it  traveled  by  St. 
Quentin-Ham-Roye  to  the  \dcinity  of  Moreuil. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  It  reenforced  the  battle  front  north  of  Sauvillers  on  April  3,  but  was  withdrawn 
on  the  7th  and  rested  at  Ribemont.  Losses  were  heavy  during  the  brief  engagement 
of  the  division. 

Champagne. 

3.  The  di\ision  relieved  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  on  April  21-22  in  the  sector 
Cornillet-Mont  Blond.  It  remained  there  imtil  the  July  15  offensive,  but  did  not  take 
part  in  that  action.  On  July  27  it  returned  to  line  near  Moron\illers  and  held  that 
sector  until  August  22. 

Ailette-Aisne. 

4.  It  marched  to  Paris  and  went  into  line  there.  Two  days  later  it  was  hastily  re- 
lieved and  marched  to  Chavignon.  It  entered  line  on  the  night  of  September  2-3 
northwest  of  Crouy.     It  was  mthdrawn  on  September  21. 

Champagne. 

5.  The  di\'ision  returned  to  Champagne  and  relieved  the  213th  Division  on  Septem- 
ber 27  at  Loi\Te.  It  was  engaged  near  Orain\dlle,  Aumenancourt,  Pont  Givart  until 
October  11.  It  was  again  in  line  on  October  17  at  Nanteuil  sur  Aisne.  It  continued 
in  line  until  the  end  of  hostilities.  The  last  identification  was  near  Wasigny  on  No- 
vember 7. 

VALUE — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  In  general,  it  was  used  to  hold  less  important 
defensive  sectors. 


544    DIVISIONS  or  german  army  which  participated  in  wak. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     545 

HISTORY. 

(267th  Regiment:  2(1  Corps  District — Pomerania.     2G8tli  Pvcgiment:  6th  Cori)a  Dis- 
trict— Silesia.     269th  Regiment:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.) 

1915. 

The  81st  Reserve  Division  was  formed  out  of  six  field  battaUons  of  the  2d  Corps 
District  (Nos.  7-12)  and  three  field  battalions  (Nos.  13-15)  of  the  3d  Corps  District. 
The  first  six  were  used  to  form  the  267th  and  the  268th  and  the  last  named  three  were 
used  to  form  the  269th  Regiment.  The  division  was  instructed  at  the  Warthe  canton- 
ment (5th  Corps  District)  before  being  sent  to  the  Western  Front. 

1.  The  81st  Reserve  Di\dsion  (with  the  82d  Reserve  Division  it  constituted  the 
41st  Reserve  Corps),  was  transported  to  Belgium  and  detrained  at  Courtrai  January 
21,  1915. 

SOMME. 

2.  Sent  to  the  Somme  district,  it  was  engaged  to  the  north  of  Chaulnes  (Jan.  27- 
Mar.  28). 

3.  At  the  end  of  March  the  division  was  sent  toward  the  Eastern  Front. 

Galicia — Russia. 

The  di\'ision  was  found  on  the  Galician  front  in  May  (Jaslo,  May  9);  took  part  in 
operations  on  the  San,  near  Jaroslav  (between  San  and  the  Jaroslav-Przeworsk  rail- 
way on  May  15)  then  on  the  Bug  (region  of  Krylov  in  July).  Going  down  the  Bug  by 
\ladova  (August)  it  advanced  up  to  the  west  of  Logitchin  and  the  Oginsky  Canal 
(north  of  Pinsk)  in  September.     The  front  becoming  fixed,  the  di\ision  established 

itself  in  that  region. 

1916. 

PiNSK. 

1.  The  Slat  Reserve  Division  stayed  for  more  than  two  years  in  the  Oginski-Iasalda 
Canal  sector  (Sept.,  191.5-Dec.,  1917). 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July,  1916,  the  269th  Regiment  was  identified  between  the 
Styr  and  the  Stokhod,  doubtlessly  as  a  reserve  for  the  units  engaged  against  the  Rus- 
sian offensive. 

1917. 
Russia — France  . 

1.  In  December,  1917,  the  division  was  relieved  from  its  sector  to  the  north  of  Pinsk 
and  transported  to  the  Western  Front.  It  entrained  on  December  20  at  Ivanovo  (itin- 
erary' :  Soldau-Bromberg-Schneide-Muehl-Berlin-Sarrebruck-Sedan-Cambrai) .  and 
detrained  at  Lille  on  December  26.  After  resting  in  the  vicinity  of  Lille  it  went  into 
line  to  the  south  of  Fleurbaix  (Jan.  24-25,  1918).  It  again  occupied  the  same  sector 
at  the  beginning  of  April . 

RECRUITING. 

The  267th  and  the  268th  Regiments  were  originally  Pomeranian  and  became  quite 
heterogeneous  like  all  regiments  from  this  province.  The  268th  Regiment  was  in 
theory  recruited  in  Silesia  which  contributes  to  a  maintenance  of  the  mixed  char- 
acter of  its  personnel.     The  269th  is  a  Brandenburg  unit. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

On  the  Eaatem  Front  from  May,  1915,  to  the  end  of  December,  1917. 

1918. 
Battle  of  the  Lys. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  on  the  night  of  April  8-9  liy  the  35th  Di\ision  at 
Neuve  Chapelle.     It  moved  northward  and  on  the  12th  reenforcod  the  battle  front 
south  of  Meteren.     In  the  attacks  in  this  area  the  268th  and  269th  Reserve  Regiments 
suffered  heavy  losses.     It  was  relieved  by  the  11th  Reserve  DiA-ision  on  April  28. 
125651°— 20 35 


546      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Meteren. 

2.  On  May  IS  the  div-ision  returned  tt)  its  former  Kcctor  at  Metorcn.     It  hold  this 
sector  until  May  28,  and  again  from  June  6  to  12  and  from  June  18  to  July  19. 
Lorraine. 

3.  It  entrained  on  the  22d  at  Roubaix  and  detrained  at  Haboudange  on  the  24th. 
The  itinerary  was  Courtrai-Ghent-Louvain-Liege-IIerbestal-Gerolstein-Treves- 
Sarregu endues.  After  several  days  of  rest  near  Chateau  Saiins  it  relieved  the  19th 
Di^dsion  on  the  night  of  July  28-29.  It  hold  tliis  quiet  sector  until  October  5,  when 
it  Avas  relieved  by  the  87th  Division. 

4.  It  entrained  on  the  Gth  and  detrained  at  Guise  al)out  October  8.  On  the  night  of 
the  lOth-llth  it  came  into  line  near  Seboncourt  and  was  heavily  engaged  until  Octo- 
ber 20,  when  it  was  vvithdrawn  east  of  Bohain.  The  division  suffered  heavy  losses  in 
this  engagement. 

5.  On  October  26  the  division  reenforced  the  line  south  of  Guise  and  fought  until  the 
arnustice.     The  last  identification  was  south  of  Guise  on  November  ."?. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Its  services  in  Flanders  was  of  a  mediocre 
character.     In  the  St.  Quentin  area  in  October  it  put  up  a  good  resistance. 


DIVISIOXS  or  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     547 


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548      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICirATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(270th  Regiment:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.     27 Ist  and  272d  Regiments:  6th 

Corps    District — Silesia.) 

1915. 

1.  Formed  during  November,  1914- January,  1915,  with  three  field  battalions  of 
the  3d  Corps  District  and  six  of  the  6th  Corps  District  (Nos.  25-30)  it  was  trained 
at  the  Jueterbog  cantonment.  The  82d  Reserve  Division  (which  with  the  Slst  Reserve 
Division  formed  the  4l8t  Reserve  Corps)  entrained  on  January  21  for  the  Somme.  It 
included  an  additional  regiment — the  60th  Infantry' — which  the  21st  Corps  had  left 
in  France  before  leaving  for  Russia. 

Somme. 

2.  It  was  engaged  in  February  and  March,  1915,  to  the  north  of  Chaulnes. 

3.  About  March  28  it  was  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front  minus  the  60th  Infantry, 
which   joined  the  121st  Division. 

Galicia-Russia. 

4.  In  May,  1915,  the  82d  Reserve  Division  as  well  as  the  Slst  Reserve  Division  took 
part  in  the  German  offensive  along  the  San,  which  resulted  in  the  breaking  up  of 
the  Russian  front  in  Galicia.  It  was  identified  in  region  of  Jaslo  (May  9)  to  the  south 
of  Radymno  (May  12-21)  and  at  Medyka  (June  4).  Its  pursuit  of  the  Russians  brought 
it  together  with  the  41st  Reserve  Corps  to  the  Bug,  in  the  \'icinity  of  Grubeszow 
(July)  and  to  the  northeast  of  Pinsk  (September-October).  During  that  offensive 
the  division  suffered  heavy  losses. 

Pinsk. 

5.  The  Russian  retreat  being  halted,  the  82d  Reserve  Division  took  its  position  in 
the  Pinsk  region  (Nobel  Lake,  October-December). 

1916. 
PiNSK-NoBEL  Lake. 

1.  The  division  remained  the  entire  year  in  the  Nobel  Lake  sector  and  up  to  Novem- 
ber, 1917.  A  soldier  of  the  270th  Regiment  wrote  on  November  8,  1917:  "I  have  not 
loaded  my  gun  since  the  middle  of  March . ' ' 

1917. 
Russia-France  . 

1.  In  November,  1917,  the  82d  Reserve  Division  was  relieved  by  some  Landsturm 
units  and  re-formed  (elimination  of  soldiers  from  Alsace  and  Lorraine,  etc.). 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  December  the  division  was  transported  to  the  Western  Front. 

3.  The  division  entrained  at  Ivanovo  on  December  4  (itinerary:  Brest- Litowsk- 
Varsovie  -  Kalisz  -  Glogau  -  Cottbus  -  Halle  -  Frankfort  -  IMainz  -  Kreuznach  -  Sarre- 
brueck-Metz-Conflans)  and  detrained  at  Mars  la  Tour  about  December  10. 

RECRUITING. 

In  theory  Brandenburg  and  Silesia.  Very  mixed  personnel,  seemingly  including 
men  from  Pomerania  and  the  eastern  Provinces  of  the  Empire. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

In  January,  1918,  the  82d  Reserve  Division  took  part  in  maneuvers  in  the  vicinity  of 
Thum^r^ville  (northwest  of  Conflans).  After  these  maneuvers  Lieut.  Gen.  Fuchs  is  said 
to  have  said  that  the  division  could  be  put  in  class  3  of  the  combat  units  (Kampf 
Truppen,  3)  a  classification  which  is  just  above  that  of  labor  troops.  (Interrogation 
of  prisoner,  Mar.  4,  1918.     See  Bull.  Rens.  Second  Army  (French),  No.  744.) 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      549 

The  make-up  of  the  division  is  heterogeneous  and  of  mediocre  quality  and  includes 
returned  wounded  men,  Landaturm,  former  railway  guards,  dismounted  troopers, 
and  few  recruits  of  the  1918  class.     (Interrogation,  Jan.  22,  1918.) 

After  a  two-year  stay  in  the  Pinsk  sector  the  82d  ReserVe  Division  lacked  training 
when  it  returned  on  the  Western  Front  (De(;ember,  1917). 

1918. 
Cantigny. 

1.  The  division  was  lelieved  on  April  20  in  Ihe  Woevre  and  marched  by  Conflane- 
Briey-Mairy  to  Landres,  where  it  entrained.  It  moved  via  Longuyon-Mezieree- 
Hirson  and  arrived  at  Wassigny,  where  it  detrained  on  May  5.  On  May  16  the  divi- 
sion relieved  the  30th  Division  west  of  Cantigny.  It  was  throwTi  out  of  the  city  by 
the  American  attack  at  the  end  of  the  month.  The  division  was  withdrawn  about 
July  22. 

Third  Battle  op  the  Somme. 

2.  To  reenforce  the  Somme  battle  front  the  division  came  into  line  on  August  9 
between  Hangest  and  Arvillers.  It  was  withdrawn  on  the  18th  northwest  of  Roye, 
but  a  week  later  returned  to  its  former  sector.  The  division  fell  back  on  the  Canal 
du  Nord  on  August  27,  and  on  September  2  took  up  a  position  between  theChaulnes- 
Plam  railroad  and  a  point  north  of  Moyencourt.  It  again  retreated  on  the  night  of 
September  4-5  and  occupied  a  position  at  Etreillers-Roupy  before  the  Siegfried- 
Stellung. 

The  division  was  constantly  engaged,  resisting  strongly,  but  being  gradually  forced 
back.  On  the  28th  it  retired  to  the  line  of  the  St.  Quentin  Canal.  On  October  8, 
a  Biu"prise  attack  threw  it  back  to  Fontaine  Notre  Dame.  Here  it  resisted  fiercely. 
It  was  relieved  about  October  10  and  went  to  the  Guise  area. 

In  this  fighting  the  division  lost  2,000  men.  Its  combatant  strength  was  estimated 
to  be  about  1,200  men  on  October  7. 

3.  On  October  14  the  division  reenforced  the  line  east  of  Bernot  and  fought  for  three 
days.  It  returned  to  the  Guise  area,  but  intervened  again  west  of  Pleine-Selve  on 
October  25.  Until  the  armistice  it  was  engaged  south  of  Guise,  east  of  La  Capelle, 
and  at  Liessies. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  After  August  it  was  almost  constantly  in 
line  in  the  St.  Quentin  area  until  ite  effectives  were  almost  completely  consumed. 


550       DTYTSTOXS  OF  OEKMAX  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


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552      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(329th  and  331st  Regiment:  5th  Corps  District — Posen  and  Lower   Silesia.     330th 
Regiment:  7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 

1915. 

The  83d  Division  was  formed  out  of  the  garrison  of  defense  of  Posen  which  went  under 
the  name  of  Posen  Corps.  It  was  engaged  on  the  Eastern  Front  from  the  beginning  of 
the  war. 

The  Posen  Corps  composed  of  depot  battalions  of  active  regiments,  of  reserve,  of 
Landwher,  and  even  battalions  of  Landsturm,  was  divided  into  four  brigades.  Its 
strength  was  distributed  into  two  divisions,  the  83d  and  84th,  in  June,  1915,  and  the 
battalions,  which  were  at  first  formed  into  regiments  bearing  the  names  of  the  respec- 
tive commanders  of  these  regiments,  were  numbered  329  to  33G,  inclusive. 

RUSSIA-POLAXD. 

1.  From  March  to  June,  with  the  Posen  Corjjs,  the  regiments  which  were  to  form  the 
83d  Reserve  Division  took  part  in  the  Poland  campaign  to  the  north  of  Pilica  and  on 
the  Bzura. 

ViCHXEV. 

2.  The  83d  Division  took  part  in  the  summer  offensive  against  the  Russians. 
Leaving  the  Ostrolenka  region  (July)  it  advanced  by  way  of  Grodno,  Lipnichki 
(northeast  of  Lida,  September)  up  to  Vichnev  (October),  where  it  established  its 
position. 

1916. 
Vichnev. 

1.  The  division  stayed  in  the  Vichnev  sector  during  the  entire  year  1916  and  until 
the  month  of  April,  1917. 

1917. 

1.  About  the  middle  of  April,  1917,  the  83d  Division  was  transferred  from  Vichnev 
to  Baranovitchi.  where  it  was  held  some  time  as  a  reserve  and  then  to  the  northeast 
of  Halicz,  from  which  place  it  was  transported  by  automobiles  to  the  Stanislau  region 
(June  5). 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July  it  was  attacked  by  the  Russians  to  the  west  of  Stanislau 
(serious  losses  on  July  9.  particularly  690  prisoners).  It  afterwards  took  part  in  the 
German  counteroffensive  and  advanced  through  the  Dniester  valley  up  to  the  west  of 
Chotin  (beginning  of  August.) 

3.  Relieved  about  the  middle  of  September,  the  83d  Reserve  Division  was  sent  to 
rest  in  the  Czemovitz  region  and  then  put  back  in  line  to  the  northeast  of  Bojan 
(October-November). 

4.  At  the  end  of  November  the  division  left  the  Bojan  sector  and  became  a  reserve 
for  the  Bothmer  Army  in  back  of  the  Czernovdtz  front.  Before  leaving  for  the  Western 
Front  the  4th  Division  had  sent  it  men  from  Alsace  and  Lorraine  (middle  of  December 
when  the  3Gth  Division  had  left  the  former  some  months  before.) 

RECRUrriNG. 

Recruiting  was  mostly  from  Posen  and  Silesia  with  some  support  from  Westphalia 
and  the  Rhine  Province.  Coming  from  Galicia  as  late  as  Mardi.  1918,  the  83d  Di\Tsion 
could  not  come  without  the  soldiers  coming  from  Alsace  and  LoiTaine  which  other 
divisions  which  had  left  before  had  transferred  to  it. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre  division,  formed  to  the  extent  of  one  third  by  older  men.  Appears  for  the 
first  time  on  the  Western  Front  in  April,  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      553 

1918. 
Ypres. 

1.  The  division  held  the  sector  north  of  Ypres  until  July  IS.  After  its  relief  it 
rested  a  few  days  in  Roulers  and  then  entrained  at  Lichterfelde  for  the  Douai  area. 
On  August  16  it  traveled  via  Cambrai  and  detrained  near  Ruyanlcourt.  Here  it 
spent  the  night,  moving  up  to  Flers  the  next  morning.  The  division  came  into 
line  on  the  19th,  when  it  relieved  the  3d  Naval  Division  north  of  Albert. 

SCARPE-SOMME. 

2.  It  was  engaged  at  Thiepval,  Bazentin  le  Grand,  Courcelette,  and  Martinpuich 
until  about  April  26,  when  it  was  withdrawn. 

3.  On  September  10,  the  division  came  into  lino  in  Lorraine  with  an  entirely  new 
composition.  It  then  included  the  255th  Reserve  Regiment,  the  346th  Regiment, 
and  the  4th  T-andwehr  Regiment  grouped  under  the  ])rigade  and  divisional  staff 
of  the  83d  Division.  The  320th  Regiment,  one  of  the  former  regiments  of  the  divi- 
sion, was  sent  to  Esthonia  on  September  5.  It  had  lost  700  casualties  in  the  August 
fighting.     The  reconstructed  div ision  held  the  Embermenil  sector  until  the  armistice. 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class.  After  its  transfer  to  the  Western  Front, 
the  di\ision  held  a  quiet  sector  except  for  a  short  time  on  the  Scarpe  in  August. 


554     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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HISTORY. 

(335th  and  336th  Regiments:  5th  Corps  District— Posen.     423fl  Regiment:  5th  Corps 

District — Lower  Silesia.) 

1915. 

The  84th  Division  with  the  83d  Di\dsion  formed  the  Posen  Corps  and  was  engaged 
on  the  Eastern  Front  from  the  beginning  of  the  war.  (See  83d  Division.)  It  was 
organized  in  June,  1915. 

RUSSL\. 

1.  After  having  fought  in  Poland  to  the  north  of  Pilica  (February  to  June,  1915) 
the  elements  of  the  84th  Division  operated  in  the  region  of  Bleudow. 

2.  The  84th  Division  took  part  in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians.  It  advanced 
through  the  region  of  Bug  CAug.  17),  through  the  southeast  of  Bielsk  (end  of  August) 
north  of  Slonim  (September,  battle  from  the  ]3th  to  the  18th),  up  to  the  south  of  Novo- 
grodek  (Sept.  22).  The  front  having  become  stationary,  the  division  took  a  position 
in  the  vicinity  of  Deliatitchi  (north  of  the  Niemen).  In  December  it  gave  up  the 
333d  Regiment  of  Infantrj'  to  the  89th  Division,  then  recently  organized. 

1916. 
Russia. 

1 .  The  84th  Division  stayed  in  the  sector  in  the  vicinity  of  the  Niemen  (Liubtcha, 
Deliatitchi)  during  the  entire  year  1916. 

2.  From  July  to  October  the  334th  and  335th  Regiments  were  detached  as  reenforce- 
ments  between  Goroditche  and  Baranovitchi  to  meet  the  Russian  offensive. 

1917. 

1.  In  1917  the  division  still  occupied  the  same  sectors  along  the  Niemen  (Deliatitchi, 
Negnevitchi)  until  its  departure  for  the  Western  Front  (December). 

2.  About  the  month  of  June  the  334th  Infantrj'  was  transferred  to  the  94th  Division 
and  replaced  by  the  423d  Infantrv',  to  which  the  former  transferred  some  of  its  men. 

In  December  the  division  absorbed  another  lot  of  men  from  the  334th  Infantrj'  and 
some  from  the  Landsturm  Battalion  V.  15.  Its  strength  had  since  Nov^ember 
included  some  young  men  of  the  class  of  1919. 

3.  At  the  end  of  December  the  division  was  transported  to  France.  The  3d  Bat- 
talion of  the  423d  Regiment  entrained  at  Novogrodek  on  December  31.  (Itinerary: 
Varsovie-Leipzig — Frankfort  on  the  Main-Thionville)  and  detrained  at  Arrancy  (south 
of  Longuyon)  on  January'  7.  The  2d  Battalion  of  the  336th  Raiment  entrained  on 
December  28  and  detrained  at  Landres  on  January  3. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  was  for  the  most  part  recruited  from  the  5th  and  the  7th  Corps  Districts. 
This  was  but  slightly  changed  by  the  incorporation  of  the  men  of  the  Landsturm 
Battalion  V.15  which  consisted  mostly  of  soldiers  from  Brandenburg  and  of  the  addition 
of  those  belonging  to  the  class  of  1919  which  came  from  the  4th  Corps  District. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  84th  Division  had  been  on  the  Eastern  front  since  1914.  Its  offensive  value 
was  mediocre. 

On  the  Russian  front  it  began  to  fraternize  at  the  end  of  December.  The  Germans 
were  only  allowed  to  do  so  in  the  presence  of  their  officers.  In  November  and  about 
December  20  the  men  in  the  division  who  were  over  40  years  of  age  were  transferred 
into  Landsturm  battalions  or  into  regiments  staying  in  Russia,  and  replaced  by  young 
men  nearly  all  belonging  to  the  class  of  1919  (250  to  the  84th  Division  in  November). 


DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      557 

1918. 

MONTDIDIER-NOYON. 

1.  The  divisou  was  relieved  by  the  53d  Reserve  Di\dsion  about  May  1.  It  moved 
west  and  on  May  25  relieved  the  3d  Bavarian  Division  in  the  Lassigny  sector.  It  was 
taken  out  in  early  June  and  rested  until  the  9th,  when  it  returned  to  attack  at  Cour- 
celles.     It  again  retired  on  June  20  and  rested  iiutil  July  2. 

Lassigny. 

2.  On  that  date  it  was  in  line  southeast  of  Belloy,  where  it  was  engaged  until  mid- 
July.  It  rested  near  Antheuil  until  August  12,  when  it  reenforced  the  battle  front 
south  of  Thiescourt.     Then  it  was  engaged  until  about  August  22. 

OlSE. 

3.  One  regiment — the  423d — entered  line  on  the  Oise  on  August  22  and  by  Septem- 
ber 4  all  the  di\'ision  was  in  line  near  Quierzy.     It  was  withdrawn  on  September  15. 

4.  On  September  30  the  di\'ision  entered  line  at  Trouquoy  and  south  of  Sequehart. 
In  the  fighting  in  the  first  week  of  October  the  elements  of  the  division  were  badly 
mixed  with  other  divisions.     They  were  taken  out  about  October  9  and  re-formed. 

5.  It  was  reengaged  on  October  27  in  the  vicinity  of  Sissonne  and  fought  until  the 
armistice.     The  last  identification  was  east  of  Bucy  les  Pierrepont  on  November  6. 

VALUE 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class.  It  was  a  verj^  mediocre  unit,  composed 
largely  of  Landsturm  elements  and  of  young  recruits.  It  was  decimated  by  the  fight- 
ing in  the  fall  and  its  morale  became  very  bad.  A  contributing  factor  was  a  draft  of 
300  prisoners  returned  from  Russia. 


558      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AIIMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     559 

HISTORY. 
(I7th  Landwehr:  2l8t  Corps  District— Lorraine.     21st  Landwehr:  17th  Corps  District- 
Western  Prussia.     99th  Landwehr:  15th  Corps  District — Alsace.) 

1915. 
The  85th  Landwehr  Division  is  the  old  Breugel  Division,  which  at  the  l)eginning 
of  the  war,  together  A\-ith  the  Woernitz  Di\-ision  (Sfith  Division),  formed  the  Graudenz 
Corps  (also  known  as  the  Zastrow  Corps  and  in  1915  the  17th  Reserve  Corps),  and  oper- 
ated on  the  Eastern  Front. 
Russia. 

1.  Two  of  the  regiments,  the  17th  I>andwehr  and  the  90th  Landwehr,  went  to  the 
Eastern  Front,  the  former  at  the  beginning  of  the  war  and  the  latter  in  the  sprino-  of 
1915. 

Poland. 

1.  Until  July,  1915,  the  Breugel  Division  was  engaged  in  Poland  (Prasnysz,  region 
of  Mlawa). 

2.  In  July  it  took  part  in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians,  advancing  to  the  west 
of  Pultusk  (middle  of  July);  besieged  Novo-Georgievsk ;  was  on  the  P>ug  (beginning 
of  August)  and  near  Bielsk  (end  of  August).  The  Gist  Landwehr  entered  Warsaw  on 
August  22  and  remained  there  during  the  month  of  September. 

3.  With  the  stabilization  of  the  front  the  former  Breugel,  now  the  85th  Landwehr 
Division  occupied  the  Vichnev  sector  (to  the  south  of  Krevo)  on  the  Little  Berezina. 

VlCHNEV.  ^^^^• 

1.  The  85th  Landwehr   Division  remained   on  the   Vichnev-Deliatitchi  front  for 
more  than  two  years  (September,  1915-October,  1917).     In  September,  1917,  it  gave 
up  the  61st  Landwehr  Regiment  to  the  217th  Di\dsion,  then  newly  organized. 
,.  1917. 

VICHNEV. 

1.  About  the  15th  of  October,  1917,  the  85th  Landwehr  Division  moved  to  the 
north.  It  left  the  Niemen  region  to  go  to  the  south  of  Dvinsk,  near  the  lake  of 
Drisviaty.     In  December  it  extended  its  sector  toward  the  south  (Vidzy). 

RECRUITING. 

The  21st  Landwehr  was  recruited  in  the  17th  Corps  District,  or  more  generally  in 
western  Prussia.  There  were  numerous  soldiers  from  Alsace  and  Lorraine  in  the 
division.  Frequent  desertions  on  the  part  of  the  men  from  Lorraine  and  men  from 
the  mining  region  of  the  Sarre  in  1914  on  the  French  front  led  to  the  decision  which 
sent  the  17th  Landwehr  to  Russia. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Remained  a  long  while  in  quiet  sectors  on  the  Russian  front.  The  85th  Landwehr 
Division  had  but  a  very  mediocre  combat  "salue. 

n  1918. 

COURLAND. 

1.  Toward  the  end  of  January  the  mon  of  the  85tli  Landwehr  Division  were  still 
fraternizing  in  the  Vidzy  region.  The  17th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  in  the  vicinity 
t.f  .lakobstadt  in  April  and  the  99th  Landwehr  Regiment  participated  at  this  time  in 
the  operations  in  Finland. 

Ukraine. 

2.  Early  in  ^lay  the  whole  division,  with  the  exception  of  some  elements  (,14th 
Jaeger  Battalion,  1st  Guard  I'hlan  Regiment,  229th  Mounted  Machine  Gun  Co.), 
moved  to  the  Polotsk  region.  Regiments  of  the  division  were  identified  in  this  area 
early  in  September.  There  was  a  rumor  that  the  di\Tsion  had  been  transferred  to 
the  Western  Front  early  in  Octolier,  but  this  seems  unlikely. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


500      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     5G1 

HISTORY. 

(341st  Regiment:  20th  Corps  District — Eastern  part  of  Western  Prussia.     343d  and 
344th  Regiments:  17th  Corps  District — Western  Prussia.) 

1914. 

The  86th  Division  was  organized  during  the  summer  of  11115  with  the  elements  of 
the  Woernitz  Di^dsion.  The  latter  with  the  85th  Landwehr  Di\d8ion,  constituted 
the  Suren  Corps  coming  from  the  garrisons  of  Graudenz,  Kulm,  and  Marienberg, 
which  was  used  on  the  Eastern  Front  from  the  beginning  of  the  war.  There  were 
11  battalions  of  mobile  depots  (active,  reserve,  and  I>andwehr)  and  two  companies  of 
depots  of  chasseurs  (jaeger). 
Poland. 

1.  After  ha\'ing  participated  in  the  operations  on  the  Polish  front  from  September  to 
December,  1914,  the  troops  which  were  to  be  formed  into  the  80th  Division  were  then 
used  in  the  region  of  Mlawa  (trench  warfare)  from  the  end  of  December,  1914,  to  the 
middle  of  May,  1915.  Some  of  the  units  were  sorely  tried.  At  Koslau  (Nov.  12  to 
Dec.  25),  then  at  Prasnysz,  the  4th  Company  of  the  mobile  Ersatz  battalion  of  the 
18th  Infantry  lost  2  officers  and  266  men.     (Casualty  Report.) 

1915. 
Russia. 

1.  From  July,  1915,  on  the  Woernitz  Di\'ision,  now  the  86th  Division,  took  part  in 
the  German  offensive  and  helped  to  break  up  the  Russian  front  near  Prasnysz  (July 
13-17).  Following  up  its  advance,  it  fought  on  the  Narew  after  the  taking  of  Pultusk. 
It  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Ostrowo  (Aug.  8-10),  of  Bielsk  (Aug.  19-25)  and  on  the 
Niemen  (September). 

2.  When  the  Russian  front  became  stationary  it  found  itself  on  Ihe  T-ittle  Berezina 
and  took  a  position  to  the  east  of  Deliatitchi. 

1916. 
Russia. 

1.  The  86th  Di\'ision  remained  in  the  sector  near  the  Little  Berezina  until  ^larch. 

2.  From  the  18th  of  March  to  the  30th  of  April  it  took  part  in  the  Ijattle  of  Narotch, 
and  until  the  month  of  July,  occupied  the  Krevo-Smorgoni  sector.  It  then  went  on 
the  Chtchara  (July  9-26),  opposed  the  Russian  offensive  near  Ko\'el  from  July  28  to 
November  4  and  finally  established  itself  on  the  upper  St\T  and  on  the  Stokhod, 
reduced  in  strength  by  the  transfer  of  the  342d  Regiment  to  the  93d  Division,  then 
just  formed. 

1917. 
Volhynia. 

1.  After  having  occupied  the  Stokhod  front  in  front  of  Kovel  until  April,  1917,  the 
86th  Di\'ision  put  into  line  on  April  22,  to  the  south  of  Ivisselin.  It  remained  there 
until  January,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Division  sufficiently  homogeneous  (Prussian  Pro\'inces)  with  relatively  no  other 
numerous  elements  from  other  Pro\dnces.  Having  left  the  Russian  front  at  a  late 
date,  thedi^asion  could  not  leave  the  soldiers  coming  from  Alsace  and  Lorraine  behind. 

VALUE — 1917    estimate. 

The  86th  Division  seemed  to  be  a  good  division,  composed  of  young  and  ^■igorou3 
men  (March,  1918). 

On  the  Eastern  Front  it  was  rated  as  a  first-class  di\-ision. 

125651°— 20 36 


562      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1918. 
VOLHYNIA. 

1.  The  8(5th  Division  left  its  sec-tor  in  tlie  Kiselin  area  toward  the  end  of  January. 
It  entrained  at  Rogozwo  on  the  29th  and  traveled  \da  Brest-Litowsk-Kalisch-Cottbus- 
Eisenach-lYankfort-Sarrebruecken-]\Ietz-Sedan-Rethel,  and  .detrained  at  Le  Chate- 
let  on  the  4th  of  February. 

Rheims. 

2.  It  then  marched  via  Ncuflize-Isles-Boult-Fresnes,  and  entered  line  near  Betheny 
(northeast  of  Rheims)  on  the  27th,  when  it  relieved  the  242d  Division.  It  was  with- 
drawn about  the  21st  of  May,  and  went  to  rest  near  Asfeld. 

3.  On  the  evening  of  the  2()th  it  left  and  marched  toward  the  front;  the  27th  it  was 
in  reserve;  on  the  28th  it  attacked  near  Trigny  (west  of  Rheims)  and  succeeded  in 
advancing  about  5  kilometers.  On  the  6th  of  June  the  86th  and  282d  Di\'isions, 
supported  by  the  33d  Reserve  Division,  captured  the  town  of  Bligny  (southwest  of 
Rheims),  but  lost  it  the  same  afternoon  when  the  French  counterattacked.  The 
86th  Division  had  quite  heavy  losses.  It  was  relieved  on  July  21  by  the  50th  Div-ision 
and  went  to  rest  in  the  region  northwest  of  Rheims. 

4.  On  the  10th  of  August  the  divdsion  reenforced  the  front  near  Muizon  (west  of 
Rheims).     It  was  relieved  by  the  10th  Reserve  Division  on  the  28th. 

'Laon. 

5.  During  the  night  of  September  18-19  it  relieved  the  50th  Reserve  Division  near 
the  Colombo  farm  south  of  Laon).     It  was  relieved  about  the  23d  of  October. 

6.  The  di\'ision  came  back  into  line  on  November  5  in  the  vicinity  of  IMarle;  on 
the  7th  it  was  identified  northeast  of  Yer\'ins;  and  on  the  9th  at  Hirson. 

VALUE — 191S   ESTIMATE. 

The  86th  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class  di\T.sion.  It  did  not  participate  in  any  of  the 
great  offensives  during  1918,  but  it  did  attack  vigorously  on  two  occasions  and  on 
the  whole  acquitted  itself  better  than  other  di\isions  similarly  rated. 


DIVISIOIs^S  OF  GEEIMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PART1("IPATED  IX  WAR.      563 


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564      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(345th  Regiment;  5th  Corps  District — Poeen.     347th  Regiment;  2d  Corps  District — 
Pomerania.    3d  Reserve  Ersatz  Regiment;  9th  Corps  District — Schles^vig-Holstein.) 

1915. 

The  87th  Division  as  well  as  the  89th  Division  came  from  the  Thorn  Corps,  which 
was  engaged  on  the  Eastern  Front  from  the  beginning  of  the  war. 

RuSSI.\-POLAND. 

1.  Its  battalions  were  made  into  a  division  at  the  beginning  of  June,  1915.  Before 
that  time  the  Ersatz  liattalions,  from  which  it  was  formed,  l^elonged  to  the  (iriepenkerl 
and  Plantier  detachments  (Thorn  Corps),  and  fought  near  the  Polish  frontier  between 
the  Vistula  and  Prasnysz.  These  were  the  Leimbach-Zerener  regiments  which  be- 
came the  345th.  the  Runge  which  became  the  346th  and  the  Schwarz  which  l)ecame  the 
347th,  and  to  which  latter  unit  the  8th  Landsturm  Regiment  organized  in  June,  1915, 
at  the  Elsenborn  cantonment  was  joined. 

2.  Beginning  in  July  the  elements  of  the  87th  Division  took  part  in  the  offensive 
against  the  Russians:  Battles  between  Drobin  and  the  Vistula,  then  to  the  west  of 
Pultusk;  pursuit  fighting  up  to  lower  Narew  (July  18-22);  siege  of  Novo-Georgiesvk 
(Aug.  13-19);  battles  of  Niemen  (Aug.  31-Sept.  8)  and  of  Vilna  (Sept.  9-26). 

3.  After  having  fought  between  the  Bogin  and  Drisviaty  Lakes  (Oct.  5-19),  the 
division  took  up  a  position  in  that  region. 

1916. 
Drisviaty  Lake. 

1.  The  87th  Division  occupied  the  Drisviatj^-Vidzy  line  the  entire  year  1916  and 
until  the  month  of  October,   1917. 

1917. 

COURLAND. 

1.  In  October,  1917,  the  87th  Division  relieved  the  2d  Division  in  the  Illukst 
sector.     While  there  it  received  its  first  reenforcements  from  the  1919  class. 

2.  Relieved  from  that  front  at  the  end  of  December,  the  division  was  brought 
together  in  the  Kovno  region.  It  got  a  great  many  men  from  the  23d  Landwehr 
Division,  especially  from  the  26th  and  66th  Landwehr  Regiments. 

RKCRUITING. 

This  division  was  one  of  the  most  heterogeneous  of  the  Prussian  Army.  Not  only 
were  its  regiments  recruited  in  three  different  Provinces,  but  the  considerable  amount 
of  replacements  received  since  November,  1917,  were  from  various  different  regions — 
men  from  the  cla-ss  of  1919  from  the  9th  and  11th  Corps  Districts  in  November,  1917, 
later  from  the  14th  Corps  District;  Landwelir  from  the  4th  and  6th  ('orps  Districts  at 
the  end  of  December;  men  from  the  8th,  14th,  and  18th  Corps  Districts  (a  small  number) 
during   its   stay   in   Champagne. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  87th  Division  coining  from  Russia  at  the  end  of  March  seemed  to  have  but  a 
mediocre  combat  value  (April,  1918). 

1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  (juiet  sector  at  St.  Marie  a  Py  until  June  18,  when  it  was 
relieved  by  the  extension  of  the  flanking  divisions.  The  division  up  to  that  time 
had  had  slight  losses  and  was  available  for  active  service. 


DIVISIOlSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     565 

Second  Battle   of  the  Marne. 

2.  It  entered  line  on  June  22  on  the  Aisne  front  near  Bouresches.  During  this 
period  the  division  was  engaged  in  harder  fighting.  In  the  American  attack  south  of 
Torcy  the  division  lost  heavily  in  killed  and  wounded  on  June  25  -26.  Three  hundred 
prisoners  were  taken  on  those  days.  It  took  part  in  the  German  retreat  until  July  26, 
when  it  was  withdrawn  near  Charmel . 

SCARPE-SOMME. 

3.  The  division  rested  at  Charleville  until  August  25.  It  entrained  and  moved  to 
the  Bapaume-Peronne  area,  where  it  was  engaged  on  August  26-27,  south  of  Longeuval. 
It  was  pushed  back  by  Flers  (29th),  les  Bouefs  (Aug.  31),  north  of  Morval  (Sept.  1), 
Le  Transloy  (3d),  east  of  Manancourt  and  northeast  of  Etricourt  (4th),  northeast  of 
Fins  (7th),  northwest  of  Gonzencourt  (0th).  It  was  relieved  on  the  night  of  Septem- 
ber 11-12.  During  this  period  in  line  the  losses  of  the  division  were  severe.  More  than 
1,000  prisoners  were  taken  from  this  division. 

4.  In  spite  of  heavy  losses  it  was  given  only  a  short  rest  at  Yaucelles  (south  of 
Cambrai),  and  again  placed  in  line  east  of  Villers  Guislain  on  September  18  for  the  pur- 
pose of  delivering  a  counterattack.  It  was  held  in  line  at  this  point  until  about 
September  28,  when  it  retired  to  rest  at  Walincourt. 

Lorraine. 

5.  On  Octol)er  12  the  division  came  into  line  southwest  of  Chateau  Salins.  It 
rested  on  that  quiet  front  until  about  November  1,  when  it  was  sent  north,  and  on 
November  8  came  in  line  at  Haut  Bugny.  The  last  identification  was  northeast  of 
Rocquigny  on  November  10. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class.  As  a  sector  holding  unit  it  saw  heavy  servi(.e 
on  the  Marne  and  in  Picardy. 


560      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAlSr  APiIMY  WHK^H  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     567 

HISTORY. 

(352d  and  353d  Regiments;  Gth  Cori^s  District— Silesia.    426th  Regiments;  9th  Corps 
District — Hanseatic  cities.) 

1915. 

1.  The  88th  Di\isi()n  grew  out  of  the  war  garrison  of  Breslau,  which  was  made  up 
of  the  21st  Brigade  of  Landwehr  (lOth  and  38th  Landwehr)  and  by  Silesian  and  Saxon 
Ersatz  battalions.  This  originally  was  the  Breslau  Corps,  which  after  tlie  brigade  of 
Landwehr  was  taken  from  it,  became  the  Menges  Division.  The  Ersatz  battalions 
being  formed  into  regiments,  the  division  then  comprised  three  brigades— 1st  Land- 
wehr Ersatz  Brigade  (later  the  Sclmiiedecker  Brigade),  Paczensky  (later  Budden- 
brock)  Brigade,  and  the  Zenger  Brigade.  Its  regiments  bore  the  jiames  4th  and  5th 
Landwehr  Ersatz  and  Gth,  7th,  8th,  and  9th  Ersatz. 

Russia-Poland. 

2.  In  April-May,  1915,  the  Menges  DiA-ision  fought  on  the  Pilica. 

3.  In  July  it  was  between  the  Vistula  and  Pilica  taking  part  iji  the  offensive  against 
Russia. 

4.  It  advanced  in  August  through  the  region  of  Narew  (to  the  fouth  of  Pultusk, 
Aug.  4;  to  the  north  of  Bielsk,  Aug.  19).  At  the  end  of  August  it  reached  the  region 
of  Vilna;  to  the  west  of  D\dnsk  in  September. 

Drisviaty  Lake. 

5.  When  the  front  became  stationary  it  took  a  ix)sition  near  the  DrisA-iaty  Lake 
(September). 

6.  The  Menges  Division  became  the  88th  Di\ision.  The  Ersatz  Battalion  Brigades 
were  regrouped  and  distributed  between  six  regiments,  numbered  349th  and  350th 
Landwehr,  351st,  352d,  353d,  354th  Regiments  of  Infantry,  forming  in  tm-n  the  175th, 
176th,  and  177th  Brigades. 

1916. 
Drisviaty  L.\kb. 

1.  The  88th  Division  occupied  the  Drisviaty  Lake  sector  from  September,  1915, 
until  September,  1917. 

2.  In  July,  1916,  the  division  was  reconstituted.  The  354th  Regament  went  to  the 
216th  Division.  In  August  the  349th  Landwehr  and  the  350th  Landwehr  Regiments 
were  engaged  on  the  Stokhod  with  the  150th  Regiment  of  the  37th  Di\dsion. 

The  88th  Di\T.sion  was  now  made  up  of  the  351st,  352d,  and  353d  Regiments. 

1917. 
Drisviaty  Lake. 

1.  In  May,  1917,  the  123d  Div-ision  gave  the  88th  Division  the  425th  Regiment  in 
exchange  for  the  351st  Regiment  of  Infantry  (Saxon).  At  this  time  all  the  Saxon 
elements  were  out  of  this  division  and  it  became  entirely  made  up  of  Pruasian  ]ierson- 
nel. 

2.  Thus  constituted  (352d,  353d,  and  425th)  the  88th  DiATsion  was  relieved 
from  its  position  near  Drisviaty  I>ake  about  September.  It  remained  in  the  Dviusk 
region , 

3  The  425th  Regimejit  was  replaced  by  the  426th  Regiment,  the  latter  coming 
from  the  3d  Division. 

RECRUITING. 

The  oldest  regiments  of  the  division,  the  352d  and  the  353d,  were ].rimurily  recruited 
in  Silesia,  and  the  426th  in  the  9th  Corps  District. 
Members  of  the  1919  class  were  identified  vnth  the  divisinii  iu  ,\])ril,  1918. 

value — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

Average. 


568      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1918. 
St.  Quentin. 

1.  Early  in  Januarj'  the  division  left  Russia  and,  traveling  A-ia  Kovno-Wirballen- 
Koenigsbe^g-Posen-Berlin-T^^ves-Thion^-ille,  detrained  at  Sedan.  After  resting  and 
training  in  the  Cambrai  region,  it  entered  line  in  the  Fresnoy  sector  (northwest  of 
St.  Quentin).  It  remained  in  line  here,  although  it  had  two  10-day  rest  periods 
during  which  it  was  occupied  only  in  field  serA-ice  training  and  in  the  usual  practice 
inarches,  excepting  two  manoeuvres  \vith  artillery.  It  attacked  on  the  21st,  and 
although  held  up  a  day  in  front  of  Holnon  wood  it  did  very  well,  especially  when  it 
is  considered  that  the  division  was  considered  unfit  for  combat  upon  its  arrival  from 
Russia. 

2.  Just  before  reaching  Vermand  on  the  24th  it  stopj^ed  advancing,  and  the  line 
continuing  to  go  forward  it  remained  in  reserve.  On  the  27th  it  proceeded  to  the 
Moreuil  area  (southeast  of  Amiens),  where  it  arrived  when  the  German  advance  was 
already  checked.  It  was  withdrawn  about  the  2d  of  April,  after  ha\dng  suffered  very 
heavy  losses. 

Champagne. 

3.  -About  the  12th  of  April  it  relieved  the  11th  Division  south  of  Rouvroy  in  eastern 
Champagne.  It  was  relieved  about  the  25th  of  June  by  the  33d  Reserve  Division 
and  went  to  rest  near  Monthois,  where  it  was  trained. 

4.  About  the  13th  of  July  it  came  back  into  line  in  the  Tahure  sector  just  west  of 
where  it  had  previously  been.  The  next  day  it  attacked  in  the  first  Une;  it  could 
make  no  progress  (it  will  be  remembered  that  thus  the  whole  offensive  was  a  failure) 
and  suffered  heavy  losses,  especially  on  account  of  gas.  It  was  relieved  early  in 
September  and  was  reported  at  rest  south  of  Rethel  on  the  4th. 

WOEVRE. 

5.  On  September  12  the  division  moved  uy  behind  the  front  near  Dampvitoux 
(north  of  Thiaucourt),  but  since  it  was  soon  seen  that  the  American  offensive  had  only 
a  limited  objective  it  did  not  enter  line  until  the  23d.  It  was  relieved  by  the  224th 
Division  during  the  night  of  October  16-17. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

6.  The  division  arrived  at  Stenay  diiring  the  night  of  the  19th-20th  of  October  and 
on  the  21st  entered  line  near  Cunel  (north  of  Montfaucon).  It  remained  in  line  until 
the  armistice  was  signed. 

VALUE — 191S  ESTIMATE. 

In  March  the  British  wrote :  ' '  From  the  bearing  of  prisoners  of  the  88th  Division, 
recently  captured,  it  appears  that  this  formation,  which  from  its  composition  might 
be  expected  to  be  indifferent  is  of  a  very  fair  ([uality  and  well-disciplined.  Men  and 
officers  are  mostly  young  and  keen;  many  of  the  latter  are  active. 

"As  a  fighting  formation,  the  88th  Di\'ision  thus  appears  to  have  been  brought  up 
to  the  standard  of  the  majority  of  the  German  divisioiis  in  the  western  theater  and  in 
addition  has  a  leader  well  acquainted  ^vith  the  conditions  of  warfare  on  this  frojit." 

Although  its  subsequent  conduct  was  not  such  as  to  justify  com])letely  the  above 
estimate,  it  did  at  least  prove  that  its  rating  as  a  fourth-class  unit  was  too  low. 


DIVTSIONf;  OF  GER:\rA^^  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  TX  WAR.      569 


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570      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(333d  Regiment:  5th  and  Gth  Corps  District — Silesia.     375th  Regiment:  17th  Corps 
District — Western  Prussia.    8th  Landwehr:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenbiirg.) 

1915. 

The  89th  Di\asion  reached  its  present  form  of  organization  about  Octolier.  1915. 
With  the  87th  Division,  it  was  used  to  form,  while  named  Westernhagen  Div-ision, 
the  Thorn  Corps,  and  was  engaged  on  the  Eastern  Front  from  the  lieginning  of  the 
war.  It  at  first  was  comprised  of  the  21st  Landwehr  Brigade,  taken  from  the  Breslau 
Corps  and  the  Jonas  Brigade  (Keller  Regiment  and  the  8th  Landwehr)  which  became 
the  178th  Brigade.  In  November,  1915,  this  division  having  given  up  the  21st 
Landwehr  Brigade  to  form  the  14th  Landwehr  Division,  it  1  wrought  up  its  strength 
to  three  regiments  by  taking  the  333d  Regiment  from  the  84th  Division. 

Russia. 

1.  During  the  middle  of  October,  1915,  the  89th  Division  was  identified  in  the 
Krevo  sector,  which  it  occupied  until  the  end  of  August,  1916. 

1916. 
Roumania. 

1.  xVbout  the  24th  of  August,  1916,  the  89th  Division  was  transported  to  the  Transyl- 
vanian  front  (detraining  near  Maros-Ludas  on  Aug.  30). 

2.  It  fought  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Georges  de  Brasso  (middle  of  October);  near  the 
Roumanian  frontier  in  the  valley  of  Buzeu  (October-Novemljer);  on  the  Buzeu- 
Rimnicu-Sarat  highway  (end  of  Deceml^er);  and  near  Plaginesci  (Dec.  31). 

1917. 
Roumania. 

1.  In  the  middle  of  January,  1917,  the  89th  Division  was  in  line  to  the  north  of 
Rimnicu. 

2.  From  the  end  of  January  to  the  middle  of  August  it  occupied  a  sector  north  of 
Focsani,  east  of  Odobesci.  It  took  part  in  the  attacks  made,  in  August,  north  of 
Focsani  and  suffered  v^ery  heavy  losses.  After  a  few  days'  rest  it  took  ov'er  the  sector 
between  Panciu  and  Marasesci. 

RECRUITING. 

The  89th  Division  took  part  in  the  entire  campaign  against  Roumania. 
It  was  kept  on  the  Roumanian  front  until  May,  1918. 

VALUE — 1917   estimate. 

Its  offensive  value  seemed  mediocre. 

1918. 
Roumania. 

1.  In  January,  1918,  the  division  furnished  a  great  many  replacements  to  the  76th 
Reserve  Division  which  was  destined  to  leave  for  the  Western  Front;  men  were  also 
sent  to  the  115th  Division. 

2.  Relieved  southeast  of  Panciu  early  in  January,  the  division  remained  for  some 
time  in  reserve  in  the  Focsani  region,  then  came  l^ack  into  line  northeast  of  that 
town.  It  was  identified  there  in  March  and  April.  In  June  the  375th  Regiment 
was  identified  by  contact  near  Drenoud  in  Macedonia,  but  left  soon  after  for  the 
Panciu  refrion  where  it  was  identified  on  the  2Sth  of  July.  The  division  was  identified 
near  Bucharest  late  in  October. 

value — 191S  ESTIMATE. 

The  Division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAiST  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IE  WAR.     571 


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2  Ldst.  Fion.  Btn.  (i  Army  Corps. 

219  Searchlight  Section. 

91  I)iv.  Signal  Command. 

91  Tel.  Detch. 

67  Ambulance  Co. 
110  Field  Hospital. 
27  Ldw.  Field  Hospital. 
241  Vet.  Hospital. 

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572      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

•    HISTORY. 

(37tli  Landwehr;  5th  Corps  District — Posen.     349th  Landwehr;  8th  Corps  District — 
Rhenish  Province.    437th  Regiment;  11th  Corps  District — Thuringe.) 

1916. 

The  91st  Division  (Clausius  Division)  was  formed  about  August,  1916,  from  two 
Ijandwehr  regiments — the  349th  and  the  350th,  which  constituted  the  175th  Brigade, 
taken  from  the  88th  Division — and  an  active  regiment,  the  150th,  temporarily  trans- 
ferred from  the  37th  Division.  Later  the  organization  of  the  91st  Di\-ision  was 
modified. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1.  As  soon  as  it  was  organized  the  91st  Di\dsion  was  engaged  on  the  Stokhod,  north 
of  the  Kovel-Sarny  railway  and  in  the  ^dcinity  of  Boro\Tio  (August,  1916).  During 
these  attacks  the  150th  suffered  very  1:)ig  losses.  This  regiment  rejoined  its  di\dsion 
(the  37th)  shortly  thereafter  and  was  replaced  by  the  37th  Landwehr,  which  had 
exercised  a  discreet  surveillance  over  the  Austrian  troops  (Russian  information). 

1917. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1.  During  the  year  1917  the  91st  Division  was  kept  in  Volhynia  in  the  region  of  the 
Kovel-Sarny  railway. 

2.  About  the  month  of  April  it  transferred  the  350th  Landwehr  to  the  45th  Landwehr 
Division.  It  received  the  437th  Infantry,  which  had  been  organized  in  1916  from 
Prussian  elements  taken  from  the  344th  Infantry,  the  349th  Landwehr,  and  the  350th 
Landwehr,  and  which  was  with  Austrian  units. 

In  November  the  division  seemed  to  have  no  particular  sector  and  is  "distributed 
among  the  little  reliable  troops  of  the  Austrian  Army,"  (Weekly  Bulletin  of  Infor- 
mation of  Russian  Army,  Dec.  16-23,  1917. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Kept  in  Russia  for  the  occupation  of  Ukrainia,  the  91st  Division  had  but  a  very 
small  combat  value  (April,  1918). 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  last  identified  in  the  Ukraine  at  the  end  of  August.  There  is 
evidence  that  the  division  was  brought  to  the  Western  Front  in  September.  Reports 
and  prisoners'  statements  pointed  to  the  presence  of  the  division  in  the  Muelhausen 
area  during  Octobef .  However,  it  did  not  come  into  line  on  the  Western  Front.  The 
division  was  not  identified  after  the  armistice  among  the  retreating  German  units. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      573 
92d  Division. 
COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

28  Ldw. 

39  Ldw. 

419. 
432. 

28  Ldw. 

39  Ldw 

2  Ldw. 
32  I>dw. 

Cavalry 

(?) 

1,3,  and  4  Sqns.  3  Cuirassier  Rgt. 
4  Sqn.  Body  Gd.  Hus.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

Art.  command: 
2  F.  A..Rgt 
895F.A.Btry. 

12  Ldw.  F.  A.  Rgt.  (except  Rgt.  Stafl", 
1  Abt.  Stall,  1  and  5  Btries.,  2  Abl. 
Stair,  7  and  9  Btrios.). 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

Pion.  Btn.: 

346  Pion.  Co. 
92  T.  M.  Co. 
92  Tel.  Detch. 

1  Ldw.  Co.  14  C.  Dist.  Pions. 
120  Searchlight  Section. 
92  Signal  command: 
92  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  \'eterinary 

276  Ambulance  Co. 
5  Ldw.  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

276  Ambulance  Co. 
5  Ldw.  Field  Hospital. 
242  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport. 

M.  T.CoI. 

HISTORY. 

(39th    Landwehr;    7th    Corps    District — Westphalia.    32d    Landwehr:    11th  Corps 

District — Thuringen.) 

1917. 

The  92d  Division  (Rusche  Division)  was  formed  at  al)out  the  end  of  November, 
1916,  on  the  Eastern  Front. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1.  At  first  as  a  part  of  the  Bernhardi  Army,  the  92d  Division  occupied  in  Volhynia 
the  Gorokhov-Kisselin  sectors  south  of  the  Kovel-Rovno  railway  (February-August, 
1917).  It  was  then  made  up  of  the  419th,  432d,  and  the  133d  Landwehr  (Saxon), 
the  latter  being  afterwards  replaced  l)y  the  39th  Landwehr. 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  In  August,  1917,  the  division  was  transferred  toward  the  south  and  put  into 
line  in  the  Zalosce  (Galicia)  sector.  The  419th  Infantrj-  left  the  division  to  join 
the  77th  Division,  with  which  it  left  for  France. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Having  occupied  from  the  time  of  its  organization  until  A]iril,  1918,  but  quiet 
Russian  sectors,  and,  moreover,  having  given  up  its  liest  men  (those  less  than  35  years 
of  age),  who  were  transferred  to  other  divisions  on  the  Western  Front,  the  92d  Divi- 
sion had  l)ut  a  mediocre  combat  value. 

The  39th  Landwehr,  from  the  time  of  its  formation  in  1914,  was  noted  in  lielgium 
for  its  acts  of  insubordination  (recruited  from  the  mining  population  of  Westphalia). 


574     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAIN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1918. 

1.  Relieved  in  the  Zalosce  sector  in  January,  the  di\Tsion  was  in  reserve  in  the 
vicinity  of  Zborow  during  February. 

Ukraine. 

2.  In  April  the  division  was  in  the  Ukraine  (39th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  iden- 
tified near  Kiev  on  the  23d;  the  432d  Regiment  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Klintsy  on  the 
27th).  The  third  regiment  was  the  32d  Landwehr,  left  behind  by  the  197th  Division 
upon  its  departure  for  France  in  February.  The  432d  Regiment  sent  to  the  Western 
F^ont  was  dissolved  in  May  and  was  divided  between  the  22d  Reserve  and  82d 
Division.  The  2d  Landwehr  and  the  32d  Ivandwehr  Regiment  were  identified  in 
the  Ukraine  early  in  October.  Toward  the  end  of  the  month  elements  of  the  division 
were  reported  along  the  Danube. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  Division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAX  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR.      575 


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576      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(433d  Regiment:  18th  and  20th  Corps  District— Hesse  and  Eastern  Prussia.     •134th 
Regiment:  4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony.) 

1916. 

The  93d  Divi.sion  (von  Kramsta)  was  formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  about  the  month 
of  October,  1916  (region  of  Lida).  One  of  its  regiments,  the  342d,  had  come  from  the 
86th  Division.     The  43Sd  and  the  434th  were  newly  created  units. 

Russia. 

1.  In  November,  191(),  the  93d  Division  was  in  line  to  the  southeast  of  Vichnev. 
At  that  time,  with  the  85th  Landwehr  Division,  it  formed  the  17th  Reserve  Corps. 

1917. 
Russia. 

1.  During  the  whole  year  1917  the  division  stayed  on  the  Little  Berezina  (VichnSv) 
front  with  the  12th  Army. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre  combat  value. 

1918. 
Russia. 

1.  About  the  middle  of  December,  1917,  the  93d  Division  left  the  Berezina  and  ad- 
vanced toward  the  east. 

2.  It  was  in  reserve  near  Minsk  the  2d  of  ^larch  and  in  the  Klintsy  region  the  27th 
of  April.  The  342d  Regiment  had  entrained  on  April  10  at  Lida  for  Belgimn,  where  it 
was  dissolved  in  May;  its  men  being  divided  between  the  22d  Reserves  and  119th 
Division. 

Ukraine. 

3.  About  the  middle  of  May  the  diNasion  was  identified  near  Kiev,  where  it  was  also 
identified  as  late  as  the  9th  of  September. 

Rumania. 

4.  Toward  the  end  of  October  elements  of  the  di\-ision  were  identified  along  the 
Danube. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  Division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIOlifS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      577 

94 til  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

(?) 

334. 
423. 
45  Landst. 

(?) 

365 

439. 

24  Ldw. 

Cavalry 

1  Sqn.  84  Heavy  Cav.  Rgt. 

1  Sqn.  7  Uhlan  Rgt. 

Artillery 

(?) 

8  F.  A.  Rgt.  (Staff,  1  Abt.,  2  Abt.,  4  and 

5  Btries.,  3  Abt.). 
405  Ft.  A.  Btn. 
1042  Light  Am.  Col. 
1051  Light  Am.  Col. 

Eugineersand  Liaisons. 

Pion.  ntn.: 
T.  M.  Co. 
Tel.  Detch. 

411  Pion.  Btn.: 

2  Ldw.  Co.  5  C.  Dist.  Pions. 

2  Ldw.  Co.  8  C.  Dist.  Pions. 

85  Searchlight  Section. 
183  Signal  Command: 

183  Tel.  Detch. 

131  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

556  Ambulance  Co. 
Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

551  Ambulance  Co. 
328  Field  Hospital. 
331  Field  Hospital. 
519  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

1233  M.  T.  Col. 

Attached 

Bitterfeld  Landst.  Inf.  Btn.  (4  C.  Dist. 

Btn.  No.  4). 
Cosel  Landst.  Inf.  Btn.  (6  C.  Dist.  No. 
8). 

HISTORY. 

(46tli  Landstrum:  2d  Corps  District — Pomerania;  5th  Corps  District — Silesia.  45th 
Landstrum:  Gth  Corps  District — Silesia;  3d  Corps  District — Brandeberg;  21st 
Corps  District — Lorraine.) 

1917. 

Russia. 
The  94th  Division  was  formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  about  June,  1917.     At  that 

time  it  comprised  the  334th  and  the  423d  Regiments  and  the  45th  Landwehr. 

1.  From  June  to  December,  1917,  the  94th  Division  occupied  a  sector  in  the  region 
of  Niemen  (Negnevitchi). 

2.  In  July,  1917,  some  elements  of  the  division  were  transferred  to  the  \-icinity  of 
Baranovitchi  to  oppose  a  possible  attack  in  that  sector. 

In  December  the  423d  Regiment  was  transferred  to  the  84th  Division  and  went  with 
the  latter  to  France. 

V.\iaiE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre  combat  value. 

1918. 

1.  When  the  334th  Regiment  was  transferred  from  Russia  to  the  Western  Front  in 
May,  1918,  and  was  disbanded,  the  91th  Division  was  considered  a.s  dissolved. 
125651°— 20- 37 


578      DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 

Riga. 

2.  About  September  21,  the  94th  Division  was  reformed  at  Riga  out  of  the  439th 
Regiment  and  the  365th  Regiment.  The  439th  Regiment  was  taken  out  of  the  205th 
Division  about  the  middle  of  September  while  stationed  in  Esthonia  and  sent  to  Riga. 
The  365th  Regiment,  which  took  part  in  the  campaign  of  Osel  Island,  was  sent  to  Riga 
in  June.     The  24th  Landwehr  Regiment  joined  the  division  at  Metz. 

3.  The  division  left  Riga  about  September  22  for  Metz.  (Route:  Schawli-Kowno- 
Eydthkulnen-Bromberg-Posen-Leipsig-Erfurt-Frankfurt-Kreuzuach-Xeunkirchen- 
Metz.)    The  trip  lasted  about  six  days. 

Metz. 

4.  The  division  rested  in  the  Metz  area  about  one  week.  Then  it  was  joined  by  the 
7th  Hussar  Regiment  and  the  8th  Field  Artillery  Regiment. 

WOEVRE. 

On  October  11  the  di\ision  relieved  the  107th  Division  at  Doncourt  aux  Templiers. 
It  held  that  sector  without  event  until  the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  fairly  strong  in  effectives  in  October.  The  men  had  received 
little  training  and  their  morale  wa^  bad. 


DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     579 


95tli  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917. 

1918. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

(7) 

271  Res. 

422. 

430  Ldw. 

(?) 

422  (2d  Btn.). 
52  Ldw. 
(?) 

(?) 

4  Sqn.  19  Drag.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

(7) 

69  Res.  F.  A.  Rgt.  (except  1  and  5 

Btries.). 
1017  Light  Am.  Col. 
1035  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

Pion.  Btn.: 

1  Landst.  Pion.  Co. 
95  T.  M.  Co. 
95  Tel.  Detch. 

1  Landst  Co..  15  C.  Dist.  Pions. 
148  Searchlight  Section. 
95  Signal  Command: 
95  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical    and    Veteri- 
nary. 

Ambulance  Co. 
Field  Hospital. 
567  Vet.  Hospital. 

644  Ambulance  Co. 

117  Res.  Field  Hospital. 

567  Vet.  Hospital. 

1035  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(422d    Regiment:    4th    Corps    District — Prussian     Saxony.     430th    Landwehr:  (?). 
52d  Landwehr:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.) 

1917. 
Russia. 

1.  The  95th  Division  was  formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  about  the  month  of  July, 
1917.  At  that  time  it  was  made  up  of  the  422d  Regiment  and  271st  Reser\-e  Regi- 
ment and  of  the  430th  Landwehr,  the  271st  being  temporarily  transferred  from  the 
82d  Division. 

PiNSK. 

2.  Until  the  end  of  1917  the  95th  Division  occupied  a  sector  in  the  Pinsk  region. 
In  November  it  sent  reenforcements  to  the  15th  Di\ision  (Western  Front). 

3.  In  December  it  gave  up  its  younger  men  to  the  82d  Reserve  Division  then  sent 
to  the  Western  Front,  and  received  in  exchange  older  men — men  from  Al.sace  and 
recruits  from  the  class  of  1919.  At  this  time  it  is  made  up  of  the  422d  Regiment, 
the  430th  Landwehr  and  the  52d  Landwehr,  the  271st  Reserve  Regiment  having  been 
returned  to  the  82d  Division. 

V.\LUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Composed  of  older  men  and  recruits  of  the  1919  class,  the  95th  Division  seemed  to 

have  but  a  mediocre  combat  value. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  In  January  many  men  of  the  divi.sion  were  sent  to  the  14th  Division,  which  was 
on  the  Western  Front.  In  April  the  division  was  reported  in  the  Ukraine.  The 
4.30th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  to  the  ii>>r(h  of  Cloukhov  (east  of  Koursk)  on  April 
27;  the  52d  Landwehr  Regiment  '100  kilometers  from  Pinsk"  on  the  9th  of  May, 
after  a  three-day  railroad  j'urney.  'The  division  was  identified  in  the  (loniel  region 
toward  the  end  of  September.  Soon  afterwards  it  was  reported  as  ha\ing  come  to  the 
Western  Front,  but  it  was  never  identified  there.  It  was  rated  as  a  fourth-class 
division. 


580      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

96 til  Division. 
COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

106  Res. 

244  Res. 
102  Ldw. 
40Ers. 

(?) 

244  Res. 

102  Ldw. 
40  Ets. 

Cavalry . . 

4  Sqn.  18  Hus.  Rgt. 

4  Sqn.  18  Hus.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

Art.  Command: 

32  Res.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

5.3  Res.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

21  Ldw.  Ft.  A.  Rgt.  (1  and  6  Btrics.). 
876  Light  Am.  Col. 
947  Light  Am.  Col. 
1001  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

Pion.  Btn.: 

416  T.  M.  Co. 
Tel.  Detch. 

219  Pion.  Btn.: 

1  Co.  22  Pions. 

Ldw.  Co.  19  C.  Dist.  I'ions. 

136  Searchlight  Section. 
96  Signal  Command: 

96  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  ^'ete^inary. 

278  Ambulance  Co. 

5  Res.  Field  Hospital. 

6  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

278  Ambulance  Co. 

5  Res.  Field  Hospital. 

6  Res.  Field  Hospital. 
568  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

608  M.t.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(102d  Landwehr:  I2th  Corps  District — Saxony.     244th  Reserve  Regiment  and  40th 
Ersatz:  19th  Corps  District — Saxony.) 

1917. 

The  96th  Di\dsion  was  a  newly  formed  unit,  being  organized  on  the  Galician  front 
in  July,  1917. 

One  of  its  regiments,  the  244th  Reserve,  was  part  of  the  5.3d  Reser^'e  Division  (until 
the  end  of  191G)  and  later  part  of  the  215th  Division. 

The  40th  Ersatz,  formerly  of  the  19th  Ersatz  Division,  also  came  to  lhis  division 
from  the  215th  Division.  As  to  the  102d  Landwehr,  it  was  with  the  82d  Reser^'e  Divi- 
sion in  the  vicinity  of  Pinsk. 

Galicia. 

1.  After  the  Russian  offensive  l^eginning  in  July  the  9Gth  Division  was  put  into  line 
in  the  Zborow  sector.  At  the  end  of  July  it  took  part  in  the  German  counteroffensive 
and  advanced  up  to  the  Russian-Galician  frontier.  It  held  the  Husiatin  sector  until 
February,  1918,  sending  important  reenforcements  in  December,  I9I7,  to  the  24l8t 
Division  (Saxon). 

RECRUITING. 

Division  is  entirely  Saxon. 

VALUK — 1917    E.STIMATE. 

Coming  from  the  Eastern  Front  at  the  beginning  of  April,  1918,  the  96th  Division 
seemed  to  have  only  a  mediocre  combat  value  (April,  1918). 


D1VIS1017S  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  TN  WAR.      5<S1 

1918. 

1.  The  di\a8ion  continued  to  hold  the  ({uiet  sector  south  of  Blanmnt  until   Ihe 
armistice. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  di\-ision  was  rated  as  fourth  class.     It  had  practically  no  losses  on  the  Western 
Front.     The  companies  averaged  115  men  of  an  average  age  of  25  to  35  years. 


582     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMATT  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      583 

HISTORY." 

(14r)th  Regiment:  20tli  (\)rps  District — Eastern  Prussia.      1  Itli  Grenadiers:  6th  Corps 

District — Silesia.) 

1915. 
The  101st  Division  was  formed  in  May,  1915,  with  the  45th  Infantr^^  (from  tlie  2d 
Division),  the  146th  Regiment  (from  the  37tli  Division),  and  the  50th  Regiment  (from 
the  41st  Division)  all   surplus  regiments  ])y  reason  of  the?  reduction  of  divisions  to 
three  regiments.     Jjater  the  101st  Division  was  su])jected  to  a  miml)er  of  changes. 
Serbia. 

1.  After  having  been  part  of  the  Army  of  the  South,  on  the  Bug,  the  101st  Division 
was  identified  on  the  Serbian  frontier  at  the  end  of  May  and  the  beginning  of  June. 
Galicia  and  Poland. 

2.  At  the  end  of  June  it  was  brought  back  to  Galicia  })y  way  of  Budapest  and  Strj^ 
and  took  part  in  the  German  offensive  in  Galicia,  in  Poland.  It  was  on  the  Dniester 
on  June  30  and  on  the  Zlota-Lipa  on  July  20. 

It  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  Jjublin  on  August  12,  at  Siedlce  on  the  29th  and 
advanced  up  to  a  position  near  Brest-Litowsk. 
Serbia. 

3.  Clioseu  to  participate  in  the  offensive  against  Serbia,  it  was  entrained  at  War- 
saw and  went  into  action  on  the  Serbian  front  on  October  7.  It  was  at  Xish  on 
Deceml)er  9. 

1916. 
Serbia. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January,  1916,  the  101st  Division  was  still  in  Serbia  and  with  the 
103d  Division  formed  the  4th  Reserve  Corps. 

Macedonia. 

2.  In  February  it  was  in  front  of  Monastir. 

Vardar. 

3.  In  March,  together  with  the  103d  Division,  it  was  near  the  Greek  frontier  in  the 
Vardar  Valley  (Guevgueli)  (March  to  November).  In  August  it  supported  the  5th 
Bulgarian  Division. 

Cerna. 

4.  In  November  the  45th  and  the  146th  Regiments  occupied  the  l>end  of  the  Cerna, 
while  the  59th  Regiment  continued  to  hold  the  left  bank  of  the  Vardar. 

1917. 
Macedonia. 

1.  The  Division  was  materially  changed  in  1917.  The  45th  was  replaced  by  the 
11th  Grenadiers,  which  had  in  November,  1916,  left  the  11th  Division  in  France  to 
join  the  Hippel  Division  in  front  of  ^Nlonastu'.  In  June  the  59th  Regiment  was  with- 
drawn from  the  division  and  cent  to  the  Roumanian  front.  It  was  replaced  Ity  the 
9th  Jaeger  Regiment. 

2.  The  101st  Division  was  kept  on  the  Mac'edonian  front  (Vardar  Valley,  Doiran, 
Monasth-)  to  the  end  of  1917,  seemingly  after  that  it  breaks  up.  The  146th  Infantry 
was  still  in  the  vicinity  of  ^lonastir  in  December  and  was  reported  as  being  sent 
toward  Constantinople  and  Palestine  (March,  1918).  In  ^farch,  1918,  the  9th  Regi- 
ment of  Jaegers  arrived  in  Alsace. 

VALUE— 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  is  rated  as  third  class. 

1918. 

The  101st  Division  is  considered  as  consisting  of  a  divisional  staff  only,  adminis- 
tering Bulgarian  units.  The  division  is,  therefore,  no  longer  counted  as  a  German 
infantrj'  division.  The  12th  active  and  12th  and  13th  Reserve  Jaeger  Battalions  are 
considered  independent  units. 


584      DIVISIONS  OF  GKPiMAN  ARMY  M'HIdPI  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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103  Art.  Command: 
205  F.  A.Rgt. 
3  Abt.ll  Res.  Ft.  A.Rgt. 
721  Light  Am.  Col. 
919  Light  Am.  Col. 
1228  Light  Am.  Col. 

103  Pion.  Btn. 

87  Res.  Pion.Co. 

9  Co.  28  Pions. 

103  M.  Co. 

208  Searchlight  Section. 
103  Signal  Command: 

103  Tel.  Detch. 

15  Wireless  Detch. 

103  Ambulance  Co. 

361  Field  Hospital. 

362  Field  Hospital. 
202  Vet.  Hospital. 

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103  T.  M.Co. 

(205)  Searchlight  Section. 

103  Tel.  Detch. 

103  Ambulance  Co. 

361  Field  Hospital. 

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DI\^SIONS  OF  GEEMAX  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      585 


da 


586      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(32d  Regiment:  11th  Corps  District— Hesse-Electoral.  71st  Regiment;  lllh  Corps 
District — Thiiringen.  116th  Reserve  Regiment:  18th  Corps  District — CirandDuchy 
of  Hesse.) 

1915. 

The  103d  Division  was  formed  atthe  Warthe  cantonment  in  May,  1915,  by  taking  the 
32d  Regiment  from  the  22d  Division,  the  71st  Regiment  from  the  38th  Division,  and 
the  116th  Reserve  Regiment  from  the  2oth  Reserve  Di\'ision. 

Serblv. 

1.  On  May  10, 1915,  the  103d  Division  was  sent  to  a  region  near  the  Serbian  frontier 
and  stayed  there,  together  with  the  101st  Division,  until  the  end  of  Jime,  between  the 
Drave  and  the  Save. 

Russi.A.. 

2.  During  the  summer  it  appeared  on  the  Russian  front  and  participated  in  the 
offensive  of  the  Linsingen  Army — near  Lemberg,  July  29;  near  Sokal,  August  16. 

3.  It  was  put  at  rest  at  the  end  of  August. 

Serbia. 

4.  Transferred  to  southern .  Hungary  (September),  it  took  part  in  the  Serbian 
campaign  Avith  the  Gallwitz  Army.  It  was  at  Kragujevac  in  November  and  at  Nish 
at  the  beginning  of  December. 

5.  This  expedition  ha\-ing  been  completed,  it  .stayed  at  rest  at  Uskub,  the  71st 
Infantry  going  to  Veles. 

1916. 
Macedonia. 

1.  In  January,  1916,  the  116th  Reserve  Regiment  advanced  up  to  Macedonia  and 
soon,  at  the  end  of  February,  the  103d  Division  was  on  the  Greek  frontier  (Lake  Doiran 
sector),  to  the  left  of  the  101st  Division,  with  which  it  formed  the  4th  Re8er\'e  Corps. 

France. 

2.  Entrained  for  France  about  April  27. 

Champagne. 

3.  Detrained  at  Chatelet  sur  Retom-ne  about  May  6  and  was  reviewed  at  Avan^on 
by  the  Emperor  on  the  9th  and  went  into  line  on  the  23d  ia  the  Prosnes-Primay  sector 
to  the  east  of  the  58th  Di\dsion  (these  two  di\'isions  forming  the  4th  Reserve  Corps). 

Verdun. 

4.  The  103d  DiN-ision  left  Champagne  on  Jime  16  for  the  Verdim  front.  It  was 
engaged  on  June  22  in  the  Vaux-Chapitre  wood  and  took  part  in  the  big  attack  of 
June  23  on  the  Souville  Fort  and  the  attack  of  July  11 .  During  this  period  (June-July) 
it  suffered  very  heavy  losses. 

5.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  July,  it  went  into  line  in  a  sector  near  Apremont  Forest 
for  a  few  days  (until  Aug.  2). 

C6tes  de  Meuse. 

6.  From  the  beginning  of  August  to  September  15  it  occupied  the  front  along  the 
Cotes  de  Meuse  (Bois  des  Chevaliers,  Vaux  les  Falamcix). 

Champagne. 

7.  Transferred  to  Champagne  (Sept.  20),  the  divisinn  took  over  the  Somme-Py 
sector,  Tahure  (until  the  beginning  of  October). 

SOMME. 

8.  The  103d  l)i\-ision  was  next  sent  to  the  Somme  (detrained  at  Bohain,  Oct.  8). 
It  was  engaged  lietween  Bouchavesnes  and  the  St.  Pierre-Vaast  wood  (Oct.  15  to 
Nov.  10).     The  116th  Reserve  Regiment  was  particularly  put  to  the  test. 


DmSTOXS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHTOTI  rARTICIPATED  TX  WAR.     587 

Champagne. 

9.  After  a  few  days'  rest  the  division  came  back  to  Champagne  (Nov.  13).  It  occu- 
pied the  Souain  sector  (Nov. 15  to  Jan.  15, 1917).  While  there  was  engaged  only  in  a 
few  local  raids.     In  December  and  January  it  received  important  reenforcements. 

1917. 
Verdun. 

1.  The  103d  Division  in  January,  1917,  went  to  the  Verdun  front  (Samogneux- 
Louvemont).     It  stayed  there  foiu-  months  and  was  always  on  the  defensive. 
Chemin  des  Dames. 

2.  Relieved  on  May  23,  the  division  was  transferred  to  the  Aisne.  It  held  the 
Chemin  des  Dames  sector  (Malmaison,  Les  Bovettes,  Pantheon,  La  Roy^re)  from  May 
26  to  October  11-12.  It  only  participated  in  the  attacks  of  June  6  and  July  8  aa 
supporting  troops  and  as  a  result  suffered  but  slight  losses  during  that  period. 

3.  Relieved  from  the  Aisne  front  on  October  11  the  103d  Division  was  sent  to  rest 
in  the  region  of  Sissonne.  It  seems  to  have  been  transferred  on  October  2-1  toward  the 
north  of  the  Ailette  as  an  attacking  di^dsion. 

St.  Quentin. 

4.  After  a  rest  at  the  end  of  November  and  the  first  two  weeks  of  December  in  the 
vicinity  of  Origny-Ste.  Benoite,  the  division  took  over  the  sector  of  Itancourt  (Dec. 
27-28)  near  St.  Quentm. 

RECRUITING. 

The  32d  Regiment  and  the  71st  Regiment,  recruited  in  Thuringen  and  Hesse-Elec- 
toral, and  the  116th  Reserve  Regiment  in  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse.  Although  the 
3d  Batallion  of  the  85th  Landwehr  was  transferred  to  the  116th  as  3d  Batallion  of  this 
unit,  its  recruiting  was  a  great  deal  less  from  the  9th  Corps  District  than  from  the  ISth 
Corps  District. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  showing  made  l)y  the  103d  Division  in  the  conflicts  in  which  it  was  engaged 
warrants  its  being  classed  among  the  good  units.  Its  losses  in  1917  were  comparatively 
small.  Its  strength  was  gradually  made  up  of  younger  men  by  the  transfer  from  it 
of  the  older  soldiers.  It  was  classed  as  an  attack  di\T.sion  by  the  German  Command. 
A  secret  order  of  the  103d  Division  of  September  20, 1917,  contains  the  following:  "Our 
division,  which  was  specially  trained  for  offensive  work,  and  which  is  designated  as 
an  attack  division  (Angriffs  di\'ision),  is,  in  an  offensive,  very  superior  to  the  adver- 
sary   *    *    *." 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  division  was  in  line  south  of  St.  Quentin  on  March  21  as  the  left  division  of 
Von  Cnnta  group.  It  advanced  toward  Vendeuil  Avithout  meeting  great  resistance 
and  reached  there  at  midnight.  The  22d  it  reached  the  Crozat  Canal  and  crossed  at 
Liezon  the  next  day.  Placed  in  reserve  on  the  23d,  it  followed  the  general  advance 
by  Villequier-AunK)nt  (24th),  Quesmy  f25th),  Lagny  (27th).  On  the  2Sth"the  di%-i- 
sion  captured  the  Dives-Lassigny  road  and  relieved  the  3nth  Division  in  that  ^'icinity. 
It  attacked  Plemont  on  March  30,  but  was  unable  to  maintain  its  position  and  fell 
back  on  April  1,  after  heavy  losses.     It  was  relieved  about  April  15. 

Aisne. 

2.  About  April  27  the  di\-ision  relieved  the  108th  Division  at  Corbeny.  It  was 
still  in  line  when  the  attack  of  May  27  started  and  advanced  to  the  Marne  northwest, 
of  Chatillon  via  Romigny,  Vandieree,  Bois  de  Mareuil.  It  was  relieved  b>-  the  22d 
Division  between  June  21  and  26. 


588      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTK'JPATED  IN  WAR. 

Battle  of  the  Marne. 

3.  It  rested  near  Fismes  until  it  recTitercd  lino  about  July  IJ  in  the  sector  Anthenay- 
Bois  de  Trottes.  It  was  engaged  until  about  August  1,  when  it  was  withdrawn  from 
the  battle  front  southwest  of  Rheims. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

4.  The  division  rested  at  Malmaison  until  August  22,  when  it  was  engaged  north 
of  St.  Aubin.     In  that  locality  it  remained  in  line  until  about  September  5. 
Champagne. 

5.  On  September  2G  the  division  entered  line  in  Champagne,  relieAdng  the  202d 
Division  in  the  area  south  of  Fontaine  en  Dorumeois.  It  received  the  full  weight  of 
the  French  attack  and  in  four  days  in  line  lost  more  than  2,000  prisoners,  including 
6  battalion  commanders. 

6.  After  three  weeks  of  rest,  elements  of  the  di\'ision  were  reengaged  southwest  of 
Longwe  on  October  24.  Other  elements  were  identified  in  the  sector  of  the  76th 
Reserve  Di\TLsion  and  the  2d  Landwehr  Di\'ision,  near  the  junction  of  the  American 
and  French  Armies.  Elements  continued  to  be  identified  in  this  general  locality 
until  the  armistice.  Most  of  the  di\'ision  appeared  to  have  been  opposed  to  the 
French  Army.     The  last  identification  was  at  Sedan. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  At  the  end  its  effectives  were  greatly  reduced. 
Discontent  over  their  prolonged  service  in  line  had  lowered  the  morale  of  the  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     589 


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590      DIX'ISIOXS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

;21st  and  129th  Regiments:  17th  Corps  District — Western  Prussia.     400th  Regiment: 
8lh  Corps  District — Rhine  Province.) 

1915. 

The  lO.jth  Di\dsion  was  formed  at  Thorn  in  ^lay,  1915.  At  the  outset  it  comprised 
the  122d  Regiment  of  Fusileers  obtained  from  the  26th  Division  (I3th  Corps  District), 
the  21st  Infantr}^  from  the  35th  Division,  and  the  129th  Infantrj-  from  the  36th  Divi- 
sion (17th  Corps  District). 

In  1917  the  400t]i  replaced  the  122d  Regiment  (Wurttemberg). 

Serbia. 

1.  In  June,  1915,  the  105th  Division  appeared  on  the  Serljian  front  at  the  same  time 
as  the  101st  and  103d  Di\dsions. 

Galicia. 

2.  At  the  end  of  June  it  was  transferred  to  Galicia  via  Budapest  and  Strj-.  It  par- 
ticipated in  the  offensive  against  the  Russians  on  the  Gnila  Lipa  from  June  21  to  July 
1,  on  the  Zlota  Lipa  July  20.  From  Galicia  it  went  to  Poland;  fought  at  Krasnostaw 
at  the  end  of  July  and  between  Wieprz  and  the  Jaselda  until  August  20.  At  the  end  of 
August  it  was  on  the  Chtchertchev-Brest-Kobr\Ti  railway  front. 

Serbia  and  Bulgaria. 

3.  Chosen  for  the  Serbian  campaign,  it  again  found  itself  in  company  with  the  lOlst 
and  103d  Divisions  and  went  into  line  on  tlie  Serbian  front  in  October  but  did  not  stay 
there  long.  While  the  122d  fusileers  pushed  on  in  the  south  of  this  country,  the  2l8t 
and  the  129th  entrained  in  December  for  Eastern  Bulgaria. 

1916. 
Bulgaria. 

1.  Assigned  to  watch  the  Roumanian  frontier  and  the  coast  of'the  Black  Sea,  the  21st 
went  to  Varna  and  the  129th  from  Choumla  to  the  coast.  This  mission  did  not  end 
until  May,  1916. 

Macedonia. 

2.  At  this  time  the  division  was  Ijeing  re-formed  in  ^Macedonia,  where  the  three 
regiments  were  again  together  at  the  beginning  of  June. 

Galicia. 

3.  The  June  Russian  offensive  was  responsible  for  its  return  to  Galicia  and  at  the 
end  of  the  month  it  was  in  Bukovina.  The  105th  Di\'ision  operated  in  the  region  of 
Kolomea  (end  of  June,  ]>eginning  of  July)  and  suffered  hea^'y  losses.  The  122d  fusileers 
reported  26  officers  and  1,165  men  out  of  action.  The  division  next  fought  in  Galicia 
totheeastof  Stanislauin  July  and  August  (east  of  Tlumacz-Tysmicnica),  totheeastof 
Ilalicz  in  September. 

4.  The  division  remained  in  the  vic-inity  of  Ilalicz  until  October. 

Courland. 

5.  Relieved  from  Galicia,  the  division  was  sent  to  Courland,  to  the  south  of  Kekkau 
(Octol)er). 

6.  On  October  20  it  tfx)k  oyer  the  sector  to  the  west  of  Jakobstadt. 

1017. 
Jacobstadt. 

1.  The  105th  Division  occupied  the  Jacoljstadt  front  until  Noveml)er,  1917.  In 
April  the  400th  Regiment  replaced  the  122d  which  was  transferred  to  the  243d  Divi- 
sion (old  8th  Ersatz  Division),  a  Wurttemberg  unit.  The  division  took  Jacobstadt 
on  Septemljer  21. 


DIVISIOICS  OF  GEEMA2;  AUMY  WHICH  i'AKTlCIPATEU  IN  WAK.      5'Jl 

France. 

2.  On  November  5  the  lOotli  Division  entrained  at  >ritau  and  Avas  transported  to 
France.  (Itinerary:  Kovno-Koenigshcrg-Schneiderauelil-Berlin-Cassel-Coblenz- 
Trevcs-Thionville-Sedan-]\rezicres.)  It  detrained  at  Juniville  (soutli  of  Rethel) 
on  November  11  and  rested  in  this  region. 

HECRUITING. 

The  21st  and  the  120l]i  were  cla.ssified  as  "  troops  from  Western  Prussia"  in  an  oHicial 
document.  Although  the  2Ist  was  called  the  4th  Pomeranian,  it  was  actually  recruited 
for  the  most  part  in  the  Province  of  Western  Prussia,  which  was  its  .station  in  i)eace 
time.     The  400th  wixs,  by  reason  of  its  replacement  depot,  a  Rhenish  unit. 

V.VLUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  105th  Division  was  first  put  into  line  on  the  French  front  at  the  beginning  of 
January,  1918.     It  suffered  losses  in  Galicia  during  the  Summer  of  1910. 
Its  long  stay  in  the  Courland  sector  had  not  increased  its  combat  value. 

191S. 
Battle  op  Picardy. 

1.  The  division  was  engaged  west  of  Noyon  on  April  15  and  remained  in  that  area 
until  Alay  17,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  223d  Division.  Losses  were  very  consider- 
able in  the  early  part  of  the  division's  occupation  of  that  sector.  • 

NoYOX. 

2.  It  rested  north  of  Xoyon  until  ^lay  31  when  it  reenforced  the  Aisnc  battle  front 
at  Nampcel,  east  of  the  Oise.  Throughout  June  it  was  engaged  in  this  sector.  It  at- 
tempted a  local  attack  on  ^Moulin  sous  Touvent  on  July  3  without  success.  In  minor 
operations  in  June  and  July  the  division  lost  about  1,000  piisoners.  In  August  it  was 
heavily  engaged  and  forced  back  on  Noyon,  where  it  was  relieved  by  the  54th  Division 
about  September  1. 

3.  The  division  re.sted  for  about  three  weeks  in  the  area  south  of  Ferte  Chevresis- 
Montigny  sur  Crocy.  It  was  engaged  at  Septvaux  about  Septemlier  27.  It  fought  in 
the  retreat  tlu'ough  Fourdrain  as  far  as  Mesbrecourt-Assis  sur  Serre.  It  held  that  sec- 
tor xuitil  the  capture  of  Jlesbrecourt  on  October  22,  after  which  it  took  up  a  position  to 
the  north.  The  division  was  in  the  neighborhood  of  Pargny  wood  until  November 
5.     Thereafter  it  was  identified  at  Vervins  (6th),  Voulpaix  (7th),  north  of  Wimy  (9th). 

VALUE 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  As  a  sector  holding  division  it  ."uw  almost  con- 
stant service  most  of  which  was  in  the  Noyon  area.  Its  morale  was  greatly  lowered 
in  November. 


592    DIVISIONS  or  german  akmy  which  paiiticipated  m  wak. 


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DIVISIOls^S  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PAKTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      593 

HISTORY. 

(52d  Resene  Regiment:  3d  Corps  District — Brandeberg.  227tli  Reserve  Regiment: 
4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony.  232d  Reserve  Division:  10th  Corps  Dis- 
trict— Hanover . ) 

1915. 

The  107th  Di\dsion  was  formed  at  Glogau  in  May,  1915,  with  regiments  transferred 
from  the  49th  Reserve  Division  (227th  Reserve  Regiment),  from  the  50th  Reserve 
Division  (232d  Reserve  Regiment),  and  from  the  5th  Reserve  Regiment  (52d  Reserve 
Regiment). 

Galicia. 

1.  The  diATsion  took  part  in  the  battles  near  I.emberg  (June  17-22). 
Russia. 

2.  In  July  the  division  was  engaged  near  the  Bug,  in  the  vicinity  of  Grubeszow 
(July  19-30). 

3.  On  July  31  it  fought  to  the  northeast  of  Cholm.  It  was  near  Wlodawa  from 
August  13  to  17. 

4.  On  August  25  and  26  it  participated  in  the  taking  of  Brest-Litowsk.  It  entered 
Pinsk  on  September  16. 

Sekbia. 

5.  From  Pinsk  it  operated  against  Serl^ia,  stajdng  there  from  the  beginning  of 
October  to  the  end  of  November,  1915. 

1916. 
Courland. 

1.  In  January,  1916,  the  division  was  in  reserve  in  the  vicinity  of  Dvinsk,  where 
it  remained  until  March  15. 

Postavy-Smorgoni. 

2.  On  March  18  it  took  over  the  sector  to  the  north  of  Postavy.  From  May  to  June 
20  it  was  near  Smorgoni.  At  the  end  of  the  month  it  was  assigned  to  meet  the  Rus- 
sian offensive  in  Volhynia. 

VOLHYNIA. 

3.  It  was  engaged  between  the  St>T  and  the  Stokhod  from  June  21  uulil  the  middle 
of  July. 

4.  In  August  and  September  it  was  still  in  Volhynia,  near  the  Kovel-Rovno  railway. 

KOVEL. 

5.  The  division  stayed  in  this  region  and  occupied  the  sector  west  of  Kachovka 
until  the  beginning  of  November,  1917. 

1917. 
France. 

1.  Relieved  about  November  9,  1917,  from  the  Kovel  sector,  the  107th  Division 
entrained  on  the  13th  at  Poginski  for  the  Western  Front.     (Itinerary:    Kovel-Brest- 
Litovsk-Warsaw-Posen-Frankfort     on     the     Oder-Berlin-Cassel-Coblenz-Trcves- 
Thionville-Sedan-Charleville-Hirson.)     It  detrained  east  of  Cambrai  on  the  18th. 
Cambrai. 

2.  From  November  21  on  it  was  engaged  to  the  southwest  of  Cambrai  (Noyelles- 
Rumilly). 

3.  It  was  retired  from  the  front  about  the  end  of  December. 

EECRUITING. 

The  52d  Reserve  Regiment  remained  a  Brandenburgcr  regiment,  as  at  time  of 
its  formation.     The  227th  Reserve  Regiment,  formed  in  the  5th  Corps  District  at 
125651°— 20 38 


594      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

the  end  of  1915,  had  a  majority  of  effectives  from  the  4th  Corps  District  aiui  still 
received  replacements  from  Prussian  Saxony.  On  the  other  hand,  the  232d  Reserve 
Regiment,  formed  in  the  4th  Corps  District,  recruited  principally  in  Hanover  flOth 
Corps  District).     The  107th  Division  had  hence  a  heterogeneous  organization. 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  line  in  the  Gonnelieu.  sector  until  aljout  February  15, 
when  it  was  relieved  by  the  18th  Division  from  "B"  Army  and  went  into  reserve. 
On  March  1  it  returned  and  relieved  the  18th  Division  in  its  former  sector  at  Gonnelieu. 
Battle  op  Picardy. 

2.  It  was  still  in  line  when  the  offensive  of  March  21  1)egan  and  advanced  via 
Mesnil  to  Avelny  wood  under  the  39th  Corps.  It  was  relieved  on  April  Ifi  by  the 
Ifith  Reserve  Division  near  Anthuille  and  went  to  rest  near  Caml^rai. 

3.  On  May  If!  the  division  came  into  line  at  Morlancourt,  relieving  the  199th  Divi- 
sion, and  held  that  sector  until  the  night  of  May  23-24.  It  rested  in  the  Cambrai 
area  until  its  return  to  line  at  Morlancourt  on  the  night  of  June  20-21.  It  was  ■with- 
drawn about  August  1. 

Third  Battle  of  the  Somme. 

4"  When  the  British  began  the  attack  on  August  8  the  di\dsion  hastily  returned  to 
line  near  Proyart.  Until  the  28th  it  was  hotly  engaged  at  Proyart,  Mericourt,  and 
Herleville.  One  thousand  seven  hundred  prisoners  were  taken  from  the  division  in 
this  fighting. 

WOEVRE. 

5.  On  Septeml>er  3  the  division  started  for  Metz  to  rest.  Its  destination  was  changed 
and  it  detrained  at  Conflans  on  September  16,  marched  via  Frianville-Brainville- 
Allamont-Moulotte  to  Ilarville,  where  it  went  into  line.  The  sector  was  a  quiet  one, 
and  the  battalions  were  well  rested. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

6.  The  division  left  that  sector  on  October  11  and  went  in  trucks  from  Conflans 
to  Stenay  via  Longuyon-Montmedy-Sedan.  By  way  of  Dun  sur  Meuse  the  division 
entered  the  line  on  October  14.  One  regiment  had  previously  entered  line  on  the 
11th.  Until  the  20th  the  division  was  engaged  in  resisting  without  especial  success 
the  American  attack.  Two  of  the  regiments  of  the  division  were  out  of  the  line  froin 
the  20th  to  November  1 .  The  total  losses  of  the  division  up  to  this  time  were  estimated 
at  2,100,  including  352  prisoners.  Two  regiments  of  the  division  were  again  engaged 
from  November  1  to  10  in  the  Villers  area,  when  the  division  was  considered  wilh- 
drawn  following  a  failure  to  identify  it  by  contact. 

value — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  There  was  evidence  that  the  morale  of  the 
men  was  low  as  a  result  of  the  heavy  casualties  that  the  division  suffered  throughout 
1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     595 


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596      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(97th  and  I37th  Regiments:  2l8t  Corps  District—  Lorraine.     265th  Reserve  Regiment: 
9th  Corps  District— Mecklenburg.) 

1915. 

The  108th  Di\'ision  was  formed  during  the  summer  of  1915  in  the  Niemen  Army 
(Scholtz  Army)  by  taking  the  137th  Infantry  from  the  Slst  Di\Tsion,  the  97th  Infantry 
from  the  42d  Di\-ision,  and  the  265th  Reserve  Infantry  from  the  80th  Reserve  Di\ision. 
It  was  called  the  Beckmann  Division  in  honor  of  its  commanding  general  before  it 
received  the  number  108. 

COURLAND. 

1.  About  December  1  it  went  into  line  to  the  west  of  Sventen  Lake  (region 

of  D\'insk). 

1916. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1.  In  June,  1916,  the  dixdsion  was  transferred  to  Volhynia  and  opposed  the  Russian 
offensive  in  the  ^^cinity  of  S\'inioukhi.  Here  it  had  hea^•y  losses.  On  June  16  the 
1st  Battalion  of  the  137th  Infantry  reported  24  officers  and  978  men  out  of  action. 
(Casualty    List). 

2.  It  was  in  this  sector  until  its  departure  for  the  Western  Front  (middle  of  Decem- 
ber, 1917.) 

1917. 
France. 

1.  Entrained  on  December  12  in  the  vicinity  of  Brest-Litowsk. 

2.  Detrained  near  Hirson  about  December  18  and  stayed  at  rest  for  three  weeks  in 
the  Adcinjty  of  Aubenton. 

RECRUITING. 

The  97th  and  the  137th  of  the  old  2l8t  Corps  were  among  those  regiments  which 
did  not  find  a  sufficient  source  of  recruits  in  their  home  stations  and  filled  up  their 
ranks  ^^^,th  soldiers  from  the  Rhine  Proxdnce  and  Westphalia. 

The  265th  Reserve  Regiment,  originally  recruited  from  the  Hanseatic  cities,  was 
now  principally  recruited  in  ]\Iecklenberg. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE, 

The  108th  Di\'ision,  coming  from  Russia,  only  went  in  line  on  the  Western  Front  on 
January  1,  1918. 

At  the  end  of  January,  1918,  the  137th  and  97th  still  had  in  its  ranks  many  men  from 
Alsace  and  Lorraine,  which  must  have  been  transferred  shortly  thereafter. 

1918. 

AlSNE. 

1.  After  having  had  some  training  in  the  Ver\'ins  area,  the  I08th  DiA-ision  relieved 
the  5th  Reserve  Division  near  Corbeny  (northeast  of  Craonne)  during  the  night  of  Jan- 
uary 22-23.     It  was  relieved  about  the  21st  of  April  by  the  103d  Division. 

SOMME. 

2.  On  the  30th  it  relieved  the  9th  Bavarian  Reserve  Di\'ision  near  Villers-Breton- 
neux  (south  of  Corbie).  During  the  night  of  May  19-20  it  extended  its  front  to  the 
south  and  relieved  the  jaeger  di^dsion.  It  was  relieved  by  the  4Ist  Division  on  the 
9th  of  July,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  Cappy  area,  south  of  the  Somme. 

3.  On  the  7th  of  August  it  relieved  the  43d  Reserve  Division  astride  the  Somme 
(west  of  Bray).  The  next  day  the  British  captured  1576  men  from  the  di-vision.  It 
was  withdrawn  from  line  about  the  23d.  It  went  to  the  Cambrai  region,  and  was 
there  disbanded — the  137th  Regiment  wivs  transferred  to  the  15th  Di^'ision,  the  97th 
Regiment  to  the  202d  Di\ision,  and  the  265th  Reserve  Regiment  was  dissolved. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      597 


VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 


The  108th  waa  rated  a  third-class  division,  but  considering  that  although  it  waa 
trained  in  assault  tactics  (in  January)  it  was  not  used  in  any  of  the  German  offensives, 
and  that  the  only  hea\'y  fighting  in  which  it  participated  was  when  it  was  caught  by 
the  British  attack  of  the  8th  of  August,  where  it  fought  poorly,  and  also  that  the  15th 
and  202d  Divisions— the  units  which  received  its  regiments  when  it  was  disbanded— 
were  second  and  third  class,  respectively,  this  rating  seems  to  have  been  too  high. 


598      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      599 

HISTORY. 

(2d  Grenadiers:  2d  Corps  District. — Ppmerania.     26tli  Reserve  Regiment:  4th  Corps 
District— Prussian  Saxony.     376th  Regiment:  Ist  Corps  District — Eastern  Prussia. 

1915. 

The  109th  Di\-ision  was  formed  in  Courland  in  May,  1915.  It  obtained  the  2d 
Grenadiers  from  the  3d  Division,  which  has  since  then  completely  changed  its  organ- 
ization. It  obtained  the  26th  Reserve  Infantry  from  the  Gth  Reserve  Division  (3d 
Reserve  Corps),  and  the  2d  Ersatz  Infantry  Regiment  (Koenigsberg),  which  received 
the  number  37G. 

PONIEVIEJ. 

1.  It  was  a  part  of  the  Niemen  Army  from  the  time  that  army  was  organized  until 
its  departure  for  the  Roumanian  front  (November,  1916).  In  July  it  was  in  the 
vicinity  of  Ponieviej. 

Jakobstadt. 

2.  At  the  end  of  October  it  took  a  position  in  front  of  Jakobstadt. 

1916. 
Courland. 

1.  In  1916  the  109th  Di\-ision  still  occupied  the  same  sector  in  the  vicinity  of 
Jakobstadt  to  the  southwest  of  Lievenhof  (Buschhof).  It  stayed  there  until  Novem- 
ber, 1916. 

Roumania. 

2.  Transferred  to  Roumania,  it  took  part  in  the  campaign,  valley  of  Jiu  (Novem- 
ber), southeast  of  Rimnicu-Sarat  (December).  In  the  meanwhile  it  headed  the 
troops  which  entered  Bucharest  on  December  6  (2d  Grenadiers). 

1917. 

Roumania-Namoloasa. 

With  the  stabilization  of  the  Roumanian  front,  the  division  took  a  position  near 
the  junction  of  the  Rimnicu  in  front  of  Namoloasa  (southeast  of  Focsani).  It  held 
this  sector  during  the  entire  year  1917. 

RECRUITING. 

A  composite  division.  The  2d  Grenadiers  was  Pomeranian;  the  26th  Reserve 
Regiment  was  originally  from  Prussian  Saxony,  and  the  376th  got  its  recruits  from 
depots  in  Eastern  Prussia.  It  first  appeared  on  the  Western  Front  at  the  end  of 
March,  1918. 

1918. 

SOMME. 

1.  The  division  came  into  line  on  the  night  of  April  27-28  and  relieved  the  19th 
Division  west  of  Hangard.  It  continued  to  hold  this  sector  until  August  10.  In  the 
first  two  days  of  the  British  attack  the  division  lost  1,544  prisoners.  After  its  with- 
drawal the  division  was  taken  to  the  vicinity  of  Trelon  and  disbanded. 

2.  The  26th  Reserve  Regiment  was  drafted  to  the  36th  Fusileer  Regiment  and 
the  66th  Regiment  to  the  113th  Division.  The  2d  Grenadier  Regiment  passed 
intact  from  the  109th  Division  to  the  3d  Reserve  Division.  The  376th  Regiment  was 
divided  among  the  three  regiments  of  the  1st  Division. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  After  about  four  months  in  line  on  the 
Somme  the  losses  in  casualties  and  prisoners  led  to  the  dissolution  of  the  division 
in  September. 


GOO      DIVISIONS  OF  Gi:RiMAN  AEIMY  WHICH  PAKTICirATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAK.     GOl 

HISTORY. 

(73(1  Fusileers,  164th  Regimeut:  10th  Corps  District— Hanover.     7(Jtli  Regiment:  !»ih 
Corps  District — Hanseatic  cities.) 

1915. 

The  111th  Di\'ision  was  formed  near  Brussels  on  March  26, 1915,  by  obtaining  the 
73(1  Fusileers  from  the  19th  Division,  the  164th  Infantry  from  the  20th  Divisioji,  and 
the  76th  Regiment  from  the  17th  Division. 

Cotes  de  Meuse. 

1.  About  the  middle  of  April,  1915,  the  111th  Division  was  in  line  along  the  Cotes 
do  Meuse  (Calonne,  Ilattonrhatel  trench)  after  having  detrained  on  April  11  at  Mars 
la  Tour. 

Artois. 

2.  In  August  it  was  transferred  to  Artois  (Monchy  au  Bois  sector). 

1916. 

1.  The  lllth  Division  stayed  on  the  Artois  front  until  August,  1916. 

SOMME. 

2.  About  August  21  it  was  relieved  and  sent  to  the  north  of  the  Somme.  Engaged 
near  Guillemont  and  Guinchy,  it  suffered  serious  losses  (Aug.  25-Sept.  6). 

Cotes  de  Meuse. 

3.  After  a  few  days'  rest  in  the  Cambrai  region  it  was  put  into  line  near  Cotes  de 
Mouse  (Bois  de  Chevaliers,  Sept.  15)  and  stayed  there  until  October  26.  It  was 
brought  lip  to  strength  by  the  addition  of  2,000  replacements. 

Somme. 

4.  At  the  end  of  October  it  was  brought  back  to  the  Somme.  At  first  it  was  at 
rest  in  the  region  of  Bohain  and  then  took  over  a  sector  between  Bouchavesnes  and 
the  St.  Pierre- Vaa.st  wood . 

1917. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  it  was  south  of  the  Somme  near  Barleux,  from  which  position 
it  was  relieved  a  short  time  before  it  fell  back  on  the  Hindenberg  Line. 

Hindenberg  Line. 

2.  It  occupied  the  Bellicourt  sector  (north  of  St.  Quentin)  from  May  10  to  about  June 
24.  On  May  7  and  15  it  received  600  replacements  (classes  of  1917  and  1918)  to  make 
up  the  losses  sustained  on  April  27  at  Arleux  en  Gohelle. 

3.  The  division  was  then  put  at  rest  for  a  month  in  the  vicinity  of  Cambrai. 

Ypres. 

4.  It  entrained  on  July  25  and  26  and  was  transported  to  Flanders,  where  it  was 
engaged  on  the  27th  and  28th  to  the  north  of  Ypres  (Boesinghe-Steenstraat).  It  met 
the  artillery  preparation  and  the  attack  of  July  31,  which  caused  it  considerable  losses. 
It  was  relieved  the  very  night  of  the  attack  and  was  temporarily  reorganized  at  Bohain. 

Lorraine. 

5.  Sent  to  Lorraine,  it  took  the  R^gni^ville  sector  (west  of  Pont  aMousson)  about 
August  20;  rested  and  reorganized. 

Flanders. 

6.  It  loft  tliis  sector  on  October  14  to  return  to  Flanders  (Poelcappelle) .  It  detrained 
on  the  16th  at  Alost  and  was  engaged  from  the  22d  to  the  26th  and  relieved  November  4. 

Artois. 

7.  From  the  end  of  November  to  January  8, 1918,  it  held  the  Monchy  le  Preuxen-Vifl 
en  Artois  sector  (southeast  of  Arras).     The  division  received  the  remaining  necessary 


G02     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

replacements;  the  73d  Fusileers  received,  on  December  24,  400  men  between  the  ages 
of  20  and  35,  taken  from  the  Russian  front  (especially  from  the  15th  Landwehr 
Division). 

RECRUITING. 

The  76th  Infantry  was  a  Hanseatic  unit  while  the  73d  Fusileers  was  a  Hanoverian 
organization.  As  men  from  the  9th  Corps  District  quite  frequently  served  in  regi- 
ments from  the  10th  Corps  District  and  reciprocally,  in  case  of  necessity,  the  regi- 
ments of  a  division  drew  without  distinction  from  either  source,  it  was  to  be  expected 
that  the  111th  Division  wa.s  termed  as  "regiments  of  Lower  Saxony." 

VALUE— 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  111th  Division,  which  was  considered  a  good  unit,  was  sorely  tried  in  Flanders 
by  the  Franco-British  attack  of  July  31,  1917.  Many  men  left  their  formations  either 
when  going  into  line  or  under  bombardment.  The  division  stayed  but  four  days  in 
lino  and  had  to  be  relieved  without  having  been  able  to  counterattack.  The  111th 
Division  was  composed  of  young  men,  part  of  whom  had  experience  in  very  active 
sectors. 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

The  division  was  relieved  by  the  234th  Division  at  Arleux  about  the  1st  of  March. 
It  remained  in  rear  of  the  front  until  March  21  when  it  returned  to  its  former  sector 
to  attack  east  of  St.  Leger.  It  had  been  resting  at  Auberchi court,  which  place  it  left 
on  the  17th  and  marched  via  Palluel  to  Villers  lez  Cagnicourt,  arriving  there  on 
March  20. 

The  division  was  in  the  first  wave  of  the  attack  and  advanced  via  Ecoust,  then  south 
to  Vaulx-Vraucourt  on  the  22d,  Mory  (24th).  It  passed  into  second  line  about  this 
time  and  reentered  line  north  of  Hamelincourt  on  April  1  to  relieve  the  26th  Division. 
After  a  week  it  side-slipped  south  and  relieved  the  239th  Di\asion  northeast  of  Ayette, 
which  sector  it  held  until  April  20.     It  was  relieved  by  the  234th  Division. 

2.  On  May  6  the  division  relieved  the  5th  Bavarian  Division  north  of  Bucquoy. 
It  continued  to  hold  this  sector  until  August  17,  when  it  v/as  relieved  by  the  4th 
Bavarian  Division. 
Third  Battle  of  the  Somme. 

The  division  taken  from  the  comparatively  quiet  Bucquoy  sector  was  used  to 
reenforce  the  battle  front  at  Favreuil  on  August  25.  It  was  only  engaged  four  days  in 
this  sector.  Withdrawn  on  the*29th,  it  moved  northward  and  on  September  2  reen- 
forced  the  front  east  of  Hendecourt.  It  fought  then  for  three  days  before  it  was  ^vith- 
drawn.  In  these  two  brief  periods  in  line  the  division  suffered  very  heavy  casualties 
besides  losing  500  prisoners. 

Lens. 

4.  The  division  rested  in  the  Tourcoing  area  until  it  reentered  line  south  of  Ache- 
\dlle  on  the  night  of  September  24-25  in  relief  of  the  207th  Division.  It  was  engaged 
here  until  October  11,  when  the  49th  Reserve  Division  relieved  it  east  of  Lens. 

5.  The  division  rested  in  the  Douchy-IIaspres  area  in  support  until  October  18, 
when  it  moved  to  Artres  and  came  into  line  on  the  night  of  October  20-21  at  Monchaux 
8ur  Ecaillon.  Until  November  7  the  division  was  constantly  in  line.  It  was  near 
Vendegies  until  October  24,  and  later  at  Arties  (28th),  Fannars  (29th),  Jenlain  (Nov.  2), 
Sebourg  (4th),  west  of  Risin  (5th),  and  near  St.  Amand  (5th).  It  was  out  of  line  at 
the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  used  as  an  assault  division  on  the 
Somme  in  March,  but  thereafter  serve^l  as  an  intervention  division  in  the  Somme 
area.     The  division  showed  considerable  power  of  resistance. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     603 


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604      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony  and  part  of  Thiirinfje.) 
1915. 

The  113th  division  was  organized  near  Sedan  on  March  26,  1915.  Its  three  infantry 
regiments  were  taken  from  old  divisions:  the  48th  from  the  5th  Di\Tsion  (3d  Corps 
District — Brandenburg),  the  3Gth  from  the  8th  Division  (4th  Corps  District — Prussian 
Saxony),  and  the  32d  Reserve  from  the  22d  Reserve  Division  (11th  Corps  District— 
Thuringe) . 

In  March,  1917,  the  48th  was  replaced  by  the  66th  Regiment  (old  7th  Division  from 
Prussian  Saxony)  taken  from  the  52d  Division. 

1.  Detraining  at  Confians  on  April  8,  the  division  spent  a  few  days  in  the  ^\'oevre. 
Cotes  de  Meuse. 

2.  It  appeared  along  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  (Calonne  trench)  on  April  26,  1915. 

3.  From  that  date  until  January  14,  1916,  it  stayed  around  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  and 
in  Woevre — Calonne  trench,  Ailly  wood,  St.  Mihiel,  Eparges,  and  Bois  Bouchot. 

1916. 

1.  January  and  February,  1916,  rested  at  Brain ville  and  Confians. 

Verdun. 

2.  On  February  24  the  113d  Division  was  transferred  to  the  Verdun  front.  It 
participated  in  the  attacks  of  the  8th  and  9th  of  March  against  the  village  of  Douau- 
mont  and  suffered  considerable  losses.  In  six  weeks  spent  around  Douaimiont  the 
losses  are  said  to  have  been  30  officers  and  2,000  men  put  out  of  action  (letter). 

OlSE. 

3.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  April  it  was  put  into  line  in  a  calm  sector — region 
of  Soiseons,  then  in  the  region  of  the  Oise  (Tracy  le  Val,  Puisaleine). 

SOMME. 

4.  In  July,  at  the  beginning  of  the  Franco-British  offensive,  it  detached  some  of  its 
elements  in  the  Somme  (Peronne,  July  1,  then  at  Frise,  Assevillers,  and  Belloy). 
The  three  rest  battalions  of  the  division  formed  in  an  emergency  an  assembled  regiment 
(notebook). 

5.  After  a  new  stay  in  the  Soissons  region  (August  and  September)  the  whole 
division  was  again  engaged  in  the  Somme  between  Rancourt  and  the  St.  Pierre-Vaast 
wood.     It  suffered  very  heavy  losses  near  Bouchavesnes  (Oct.  1-10). 

6.  At  rest  from  October  14  to  21  in  Woevre. 
Cotes  de  Meuse. 

7.  At  the  end  of  October,  the  113th  Division  took  over  the  Bonzee-Ronvaux  sector 

(Cotes  de  Meuse). 

1917. 

1.  The  113th  Division  stayed  around  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  until  the  end  of  January, 
1917. 

Alsace. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  February  it  went  into  Alsace  and  occupied  a  sector  between 
the  Thur  and  the  Rhone-Rhine  canal  (March). 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

3.  On  April  21  it  was  hastily  entrained  at  Mulhouse  and  transferred  to  the  Aisne. 
It  went  into  line  on  the  26th  at  Chemin  dea  Dames  and  met  the  second  French  offen- 
sive in  the  Courtecon-Malval  farm  region  (May  5). 

St.  Gobain  Forest. 

4.  Relieved  in  the  middle  of  May,  it  stayed  at  rest  for  six  days  in  the  \'icinity  of 
Assis  sur  Serre  and  thereafter  in  a  sector  in  the  St.  dobain  forest  (Deuillet-I'Yesnes). 

5.  On  August  10  it  was  put  at  rest  behind  Laon. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     605 

Craonne. 

6.  It  Avent  back  into  line  at  the  end  of  September  in  the  Craonne  sector.  Ae  a  result 
of  the  French  offensive  it  fell  back  to  the  east  of  Hurtebise  where  it  was  relieved 
about  November  10. 

7.  It  rested  in  the  Laon  region  from  the  middle  of  November  to  January  20. 

RECRUITING. 

In  1917  the  di\'ision  took  on  a  distinctly  provincial  aspect,  its  regiments  receiving 
replacements  from  Prussian  Saxony  (the  36th  Fusileers  and  the  66th  Infantry)  and 
in  Thuringe  (the  32d  Reserve  Regiment). 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  113th  Di\'ision  was  a  good  unit.  It  put  up  an  energetic  resistance  on  the 
Chemin  des  Dames  on  May  5,  1917.  From  that  time  up  to  the  offensive  of  March, 
1918,  it  had  not  been  seriously  engaged. 

I9I8. 

1.  Ha\'lng  finished  its  training  in  the  Sissonne  region,  the  113th  Division  relieved 
the  235th  Division  about  the  middle  of  January  in  the  Juvincourt  sector  (east  of 
Craonne),  and  was  itself  relieved  by  the  5th  Reserve  Di\dsion  on  the  21st  of  February. 
It  trained  for  a  week  at  Vervins,  and  then  moved  to  Wassigny,  where  it  underwent 
more  training  until  the  16th  of  March,  when  it  marched  via  Bohain  and  Fonsommes  to 
Bellicourt. 

St.  Quentin. 

2.  On  the  21st  it  attacked  in  the  first  line  near  Maissemy  (northwest  of  St.  Quen- 
tin). Although  suffering  very  heavy  losses,  the  division  had  succeeded  in  pushing 
on  as  far  as  St.  Christ-Briost  and  Pargny  (on  the  Somme)  on  the  24th.  It  was  ■with- 
drawn  shortly  after  (probably  on  the  26th). 

Aisne. 

3.  On  the  27th  of  ^^ay  the  division  reenforced  the  Aisne  front  near  Craonne  and 
attacked  in  the  first  line.  It  was  withdrawn  about  the  14th  of  June  and  went  to  rest 
near  Conde  sur  Aisne  (east  of  Soissons). 

4.  The  division  reenforced  the  front  near  Troissy  (east  of  Dormans)  on  the  15th  of 
July.  It  was  caught  in  the  confusion  caused  by  the  Allied  counteroffensive,  and  was 
forced  to  retire.  It  was  not  identified  after  the  22d,  and  so  it  seems  as  though  it  was 
not  in  line  after  that  date  until  prisoners  were  again  taken  on  the  29th  near  Villers- 
Agron  (southeast  of  Fere  en  Tardenois),  which  is  in  a  line  almost  due  north  of  where  it 
had  previously  been  engaged.  Here  it  took  over  the  part  of  the  line  previously  held 
by  the  2d  Guard  Division.  It  was  withdrawn  early  in  August  and  went  to  rest  in 
the  region  southeast  of  Maubeuge. 

Cambrai. 

5.  On  the  10th  of  September  the  division  reenforced  the  front  near  Metz  en  Couture 
(southwest  of  Cambrai).  It  was  withdrawn  from  line  near  Villers-Plouich  (southwest 
of  Cambrai)  after  ha\'ing  lost  over  1,600  prisoners  about  the  2d  of  October,  and  went 
to  rest  east  of  Denain. 

6.  On  the  22d  it  came  back  into  line  near  Douchy  (south  of  Denain).  Two  days 
later  it  side-slipped  toward  the  south.  It  was  identified  in  line  to  the  north  of  Le 
Quesnoy  in  November,  but  was  withdrawn  a  day  or  two  later.  It  did  not  return  to 
line. 

value — 1918   ESTIMATE  . 

The  II3th  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  Although  the  division  commander 
received  Pour  le  Merite  and  the  commander  of  the  36th  Regiment  was  also  decorated 
after  the  battle  of  the  Somme,  the  division  does  not  appear  to  have  particularly  dis- 
tinguished itself  there.  On  the  whole,  however,  its  conduct  though  not  brilliant 
was  dependable. 


606     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AIIMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     607 

HISTORY. 

(136th  and  l7Lst  Regimcnils:  15th  Corps  District — Alsace.     40th  Reserve  Regiment: 
14th  Corps  District — Grand  Duchy  of  Baden.) 

1915. 

Formed  in  April,  1915,  near  Touruai,  the  115th  Division  rcceive<l  the  i:56th  and 
171st  from  the  30th  and  39th  Divisions  (15th  Corps),  respectively,  and  the  40th  Reserve 
Regiment  from  the  28th  Reserve  Division  (14th  Reserve  Corps). 

1.  In  April,  1915,  the  115th  Division  was  in  reser^•e  in  the  Tournai-Courtrai  region. 
Artois. 

2.  In  May  it  was  sent  as  a  reenforcement  to  the  north  of  Arras  and  fought  at  Notre 
Dame  dc  Lorette  and  Neuville  St.  Vaast  and  was  sorely  tried.  The  infantry  losses 
amounted  to  128  officers  and  5,208  men  out  of  action  (Casualty  List),  of  which  47 
officers  and  2,258  men  belonged  to  the  171st  Regiment. 

AlSNE. 

3.  Relieved  about  June  15,  the  115th  Division  took  over  the  Missy  siir  Aisne  sector 
(east  of  Soissons),  which  it  occupied  until  the  last  days  of  July. 

Russia. 

4.  At  the  end  of  July  it  was  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front,  and  for  a  time  in 
August  operated  on  the  Narew. 

5.  It  took  part  in  the  summer  offensive.  It  was  before  Kovno  on  August  19,  in  the 
region  of  Vileiki  at  the  end  of  September,  and  near  Narotch  Lake  at  the  beginning  of 
October. 

1916. 
Postavy-Narotch  Lake. 

1.  The  115th  Division  occupied  the  Postavy-Narotch  Lake  sector  until  the  begin- 
ning of  /.ugust,  1916. 

Galicia. 

2.  About  August  2  the  division  was  transferred  to  Galicia.  It  was  engaged  to  the 
west  of  Zalosce  (south  of  Brody),  August  to  September. 

VOLHYNIA. 

3.  In  October  it  was  in  line  in  Volhynia  to  the  west  of  Loutsk  (Sviniouki).  The 
171st  was  kept  to  the  southwest  of  Brody  with  the  Melior  detachment. 

ROUMANIA. 

4.  In  the  middle  of  December  the  115th  Division  was  transferred  from  Volhynia 
to  Roumania,  where,  together  with  the  109th  Division,  it  made  up  the  54th  Corps, 
which  operated  between  Buzeu  and  the  Danube. 

1917. 
Roumania. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  115th  Division  took  a  position  on  the  Roumanian  trout  to 
the  south  of  Namoloasa  and  stayed  in  this  sector  until  the  middle  of  August. 

2.  It  was  then  in  line  to  the  north  of  Focsani,  in  the  Panciu-Marasesti  region 
(August-December) . 

RECRUITING. 

The  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden  and  the  Rhenish  countries  supplied  the  greater  part 
of  the  recruits. 

1918.    • 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  on  the  Roumanian  front  onFe  bruary  1  l)y  an  Austrian 
division  and  rested  in  the  Braila  area  during  February  and  March.  On  April  8  it 
entrained    and    traveled    via    Budapest- Vienna-Prague-Dresden-Coljlenz-Cologue- 


G08    DIVISIONS  or  gekman  army  which  participxVted  in  war. 

Aachen-Liege- Brussels  to  Lille,  when  it  detrained  al)out  April  18.     About  the  21st 
the  division  reentrained  and  was  railed  to  Antwerp,  where  it  went  through  a  course 
of  intensive  training. 
Battle  of  the  Marne. 

The  di^dsion  left  Antwerp  on  May  21  and  traveled  via  Brussels-Mons-Maubeuge- 
Le  Cateau-Bohain,  detraining  north  of  St.  Quentin  on  May  22.  Four  days  later  it 
continued  its  journey  by  rail  to  Versigny,  southeast  of  La  Fere,  and  was  billeted  in 
the  Crepy  area  until  May  29.  On  the  following  day  it  left  and  marched  \'ia  f'haille- 
voois-Vailly  (May  31)-Ambrief  (June  l)-Villers-IIelon  (2d)  and  relieved  the  37th 
Di\'ision  near  Longpont  on  the  Aisne  battle  front  on  the  night  of  June  2-3.  It  \vith- 
stood  the  Allied  countcrthrust  at  (brcy  in  July,  suffering  heavy  losses.  It  was  relieved 
on  the  night  of  July  19-20. 
Verdun. 

2.  The  division  was  moved  to  Brieulles  and  in  the  first  days  of  August  relieved 
the  22d  Reserve  Division  in  the  sector  Malancourt-Forges.     In  this  vicinity  it  re- 
mained until  September  19,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  7th  Reserve  Division. 
Meuse-Argonne.  ■ 

3.  On  the  second  day  of  the  American  attack  the  di\dsion  returned  to  liolster  up 
the  line  in  the  Gesnes  area.  The  division  now  included  the  173d  Regiment,  which 
came  from  the  223d  Division  (dissolved)  to  supplant  the  40th  Reserve  Regiment 
(disbanded).  The  division  took  part  in  the  several  captures  and  recaptures  of  Gesnes. 
It  fought  hard  and  suffered  heavy  losses  before  its  relief  on  Octo1)er  12  by  the  3d 
Guard  Division.  Two  days  later  it  came  back  to  support  the  3d  Guard  Division  and 
was  engaged  in  the  fighting  around  Romagne  until  October  18.  On  November  1  the 
division  again  came  into  line  near  Remonville  and  fought  until  the  armistice. 

value — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  badly  hit  on  July  18  by  the  French 
attack  and  later  in  the  Argonne.  It  showed  good  qualities  in  the  Meuse  fighting  and 
was  mentioned  in  the  official  German  communique. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     609 


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610     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(6th  Corps  District— Silesia.) 

1915. 

The  117th  Division  was  created  by  the  7th  Army  near  T.iart  about  April  7,  1915. 
Its  three  regiments  were  obtained  from  tiie  (Jth  ( 'orps  and  the  (Jth  Reserve  Corps — the 
157th  Infantry  from  the  12th  Division,  the  11th  Reserve  Regiment  from  the  11th 
Reserve  Division,  and  the  22d  Reserve  Regiment  from  the  12th  Reserve  Division. 

1.  In  April,  1915,  the  117th  Division  was  in  Champagne  (region  of  Chatelct). 

Artois-Notre  Dame  de  Lorette. 

2.  Transferred  to  Artois,  it  was  engaged  to  the  north  of  Souchez  and  at  Notre  Dame 
de  Lorette  (May  and  June).  In  this  fighting  it  was  hard  liit,  107  oflicers  and  5,255 
men  out  of  action,  of  whom  44  officers  and  2,101  men  belong  to  the  11th  Infantry.  (Cas- 
ualty List.) 

3.  The  division  was  re-formed  at  the  end  of  June  in  the  region  of  Lille. 

Lens. 

4.  Toward  the  middle  of  July  it  went  l)ack  into  line  to  the  northwest  of  Lens  (from 
Vermelles  to  the  (irenay-Lens  railwayV  It  suffered  very  hea^-y  losses  in  the  attacks 
occurring  at  the  end  of  September  and  the  beginning  of  October  (Loos) — 109  officers 
and  (),403  men  out  of  action.     (Casually  List.) 

5.  Taken  away  from  the  Artois  front  in  the  middle  of  October,  it  was  put  at  rest  in 
the  vicinity  of  Roubaix-Tourcoing. 

Flanders. 

6.  At  the  end  of  October  it  took  over  the  Messines  sector. 

1916. 

1.  The  117th  Division  occupied  the  Messines  front  until  the  lieginning  of  'March, 
1916. 

2.  Rest  at  Courtrai;  instruction  and  training  at  the  Beverloo  Camp  (March-April 
and  ]\Iay). 

Ypres. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  June  the  division  went  into  line  to  the  east  of  Ypres  (near 
the  road  from  Ypres  to  Menin,  and  until  July  20). 

SOMME. 

4.  On  July  23  it  went  to  the  Somme  (Pozieres);  it  was  engaged  from  the  cud  of  July 
to  the  middle  of  August. 

5.  On  August  17  the  division  entrained  for  the  Eastern  I*>ont. 

BUKOVINE. 

6.  It  was  identified  in  the  Carpathian  ^fountains  as  part  of  the  3d  Austro-llungarian 
Army  (region  of  Jaljlonica,  October). 

1917. 
Carpathian  Mountains. 

1.  The  117th  Division  remained  here  (Jablonica,  Worochta,  Koeroesmezoe,  Jacobeni 
sectors)  until  the  middle  of  May,  1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

2.  At  the  end  of  May  it  was  transferred  via  Maramaros-Sziget  to  tlie  Romnauian 
front  (Putna  valley,  region  of  Ocna,  June-September).  At  rest  in  Transylvania  in 
September  and  was  there  reequipped  for  mountain  warfare. 

Italy. 

3.  Sent  to  Italy  at  the  beginning  of  October,  it  was  on  the  24th  behind  Tolmino  as 
an  army  reserve.     In  December  it  was  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Piave. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     611 

RECRUITING. 

Silesian  division,  with  recruits  coming  especially  from  Upper  Silesia  (mining  dis- 
trict and  mountainous  districts),  it  was  used  on  several  occasions  as  mountain  troops 
(Carpatldans,  Italy). 

On  tlie  (\xrpatliian,  Roumanian,  and  Italian  fronts  (Aus^ust,  l!)l(i-Marcli,  1918). 

1918. 
Lorraine. 

1.  The  division  rested  in  the  \'icinity  of  Vahl-Ebersiiig  until  April  (i,  when  it  en- 
trained at  St.  Avoid  and  moved  to  Lille.  It  went  into  billets  near  there  on  the  7th 
and  came  into  line  near  Neuve  Eglise  on  April  13. 

I'.ATTLE    OF   THE    LyS. 

2.  It  was  engaged  in  the  Bailleul,  Kemmel,  and  La  Olyctte  area  until  the  Ist  of  ]\Iay . 
After  a  few  days  in  support,  tlie  division  reentered  west  of  Dranoutre  on  May  4  and  held 
that  sector  until  mid-May. 

3.  The  division  rested  near  La  Madeleine.  Its  units  were  very  much  weakened. 
The  11th  Reserve  Regiment  was  disbanded  about  May  16  and  transferred  its  effectives 
to  the  other  two  regiments  of  the  division.  It  was  replaced  by  the  11th  Grenadier 
Regiment,  which  was  brought  from  the  Macedonian  front  about  ]\Iay  21.  The  divdsion 
remained  at  rest  until  about  June  3,  when  it  was  again  reported  in  line  near  ^'oorme- 
zeele. 

Battle  op  the  Somme. 

4.  The  division  held  that  sector  without  event  until  June  25,  when  it  was  witt- 
drawn  and  sent  to  rest  near  Ghent.  On  August  4  it  was  moved  by  rail  to  Peronne, 
where  it  went  into  the  Vrely-Hangest  wood  sector  until  August  18.  In  the  British 
attack  south  of  the  Somme  on  August  8  the  division  lost  about  2,700  prisoners. 

On  August  27  it  reenforced  the  battle  front  at  Maricourt  for  a  couple  of  days.     It 
was  withdrawn  about  September  1. 
Argonne. 

5.  The  division  rested  and  was  reconstituted  in  rear  of  the  Argonne  front  in  early 
September.  The  22d  Reserve  Regiment  suffered  so  heavily  on  the  Somme  that  it 
was  dissolved  and  its  men  divided  between  the  other  two  regiments.  The  450th 
Regiment  from  the  dissolved  233d  Division  replaced  the  22d  Reserve  Regiment  in 
the  division. 

6.  About  September  12,  the  division  relieved  the  37th  Division  in  line  near  Avo- 
court.  It  was  swamped  in  the  first  drive  of  the  American  Army  on  September  20. 
Elements  kept  up  the  fight  until  September  29,  when  they  were  withdrawn  after 
having  been  pressed  back  to  about  Cierges.  Its  defense  was  not  particularly  vigorous, 
but  was  better  than  that  of  the  divisions  on  either  side.  Its  total  losses  were  estimated 
at  3,200,  including  1,8G1  prisoners. 

Meuse. 

7.  On  November  2  the  division  returned  to  line  just  west  of  the  I\Ieuse.  While 
resting  at  Juvigny  the  division  received  replacements.  In  the  retreat  it  crossed  to 
the  east  bank  of  the  Meuse  and  was  in  line  on  the  day  of  the  armistice. 

value — 191S  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second-class.  Up  to  the  middle  of  June  the  division 
seems  to  have  been  a  holding  rather  than  an  attacking  one.  After  the  Somme  battle 
in  August  its  effectives  were  feeble  and  morale  low.  It  had  many  older  men,  re- 
turned wounded,  and  convalescents,  and  a  large  number  of  Poles  and  Alsatians. 


612      DIV1SI02\"S  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PAllTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     G13 


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614      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHTCFi  PAETICIPATED  TN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(5tli  Corps  District — Poseu  and  Lower  Silesia.) 

1915. 
Galicla. — Poland. 

1.  Formed  in  April,  1915.  Its  three  regiments  were  obtained  from  divisions  be- 
longing to  the  5th  Army — the  46th  from  the  10th  Division,  the  58th  from  the  9th 
Di\-ision,  and  the  46th  Reserve  from  the  10th  Reserve  Division.  Assembled  in  annex- 
ed I>orraine,  it  wa.s  sent  to  Galicia  for  the  April  German  offensive.  The  division  took 
part  in  the  battle  of  Gorlice  at  the  end  of  the  month. 

2.  In  July  it  was  in  Poland,  west  of  the  Wieprz,  and  at  the  end  of  October  in  the 
rei^on  of  BaranoAitchi. 

1916. 
Baranovitchi. 

1.  In  Januarj^  1916,  the  division  held  a  sector  to  the  east  of  Baranovdtclii  (Russia). 
Narotch  Lake. 

2.  About  March  28  it  went  to  Narotch  Lake  and  opposed  the  Russiaix  offensive. 

3.  Sorely  tried  on  March  30,  it  was  relieved  on  April  7. 
Smorgoni. 

4.  In  May  it  was  found  at  the  west  of  Smorgoni. 
Galicia. 

5.  It  was  transferred  to  Galicia  at  tlie  end  of  June  at  the  time  of  the  Russian  offen- 
sive. Engaged  on  July  27,  it  suffered  heavy  losses.  The  1st  Battalion  of  the  58th 
was  almost  entirely  captured  and  the  division  retired  15  km.  (letter).  On  August  7 
new  losses  at  Tlumacz.  The  division  was  placed  in  reserve  beliind  Stanislau  until 
the  beginning  of  September.  On  September  6  it  reappeared  on  the  front  in  the 
region  of  Halicz. 

1917. 
Galicia. 

1.  The  division  stayed  near  Halicz  until  March  9,  1917.  It  was  then  sent  to  the 
vicinity  of  Brzezany,  where  it  was  almost  immediately  put  in  reserve. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  May  it  was  sent  to  the  Western  Front.  (Itinerary:  Brzezany 
(May  3)-Lemberg-Breslau-Liegiutz-Dresden-Leipzig-C'assel-Frankfort-Aix  la  Cha- 
pelle-Li^ge-Brussels-Roulers  (May  8). 

Flanders. 

3.  Ypres  sector;  went  into  line  at  the  beginning  of  June  and  was  relieved  on  July  18. 

4.  Bixschoote  sector;  went  into  line  at  the  beginning  of  August.  The  division  met 
the  attack  in  Flanders,  in  wliich  it  suffered  serious  losses  on  August  16.  The  9th 
Company  of  the  58th  Infantry  was  reduced  to  38  men  (notebook).  On  the  9th  and  10th 
of  October  there  were  new  engagements. 

5.  Relieved  from  the  front  on  October  15  the  division  rested  in  the  vicinity  of  Gand. 
Gambrai. 

6.  After  a  month's  rest  the  119th  Division  went  into  line  on  the  Cambrai  front  to 
participate  in  the  counterattacks  which  followed  the  surprise  attack  of  November  20. 
It  fought  here  from  the  23d  to  the  27th,  not  without  some  losses. 

7.  Relieved  after  December  6,  the  division  was  reorganized  in  the  vicinity  of  Soles- 
mes. 

recruiting. 

Tliis  division  recruited  fropi  the  5th  Corps  District.  A  document  dated  November 
23,  1917,  described  the  division  as  composed  of  "regiments  of  Lower  Silesia  and 
Posen."  In  order  to  overcome  the  majority  of  Poles,  the  division  received  recruits 
from  the  3d  and  6th  Corps  Districts  (Brandenburg  and  Silesia),  which  were  fruit- 
ful sources  of  recruiting. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     615 

Twenty-one  per  cent  of  tho  prisoners  taken  from  the  119th  Di\-ision  in  August,  1917, 
belonged  to  the  1917  class.  The  1918  class  was  raoagerly  represented.  The  46tli 
Reser\'e  Regiment  had  a  large  proportion  of  Poles.  The  soldiers  from  Alsace-Lorraine 
remained  on  the  Eastern  Front  when  the  di\ision  left  Galicia  (May,  1917). 

1918. 

1.  About  the  end  of  January  the  division  was  relieved  near  Pronville  by  the  20th 
Division.  It  replaced  the  3d  Guard  Division  astride  the  Bapaiune-Cambrai  road 
about  February  12.  The  date  of  its  relief  in  this  sector  is  not  known.  A  captured 
diary  shows  that  the  division  was  training  in  the  Helesmes  area  (north  of  Denain) 
imtil  the  middle  of  March.  On  the  16th  it  marched  to  Noyelles  sur  Selle,  and  on  the 
following  day  reached  Cambrai,  where  it  remained  until  ^March  20. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  The  di\asion  came  into  line  near  Inchy  on  the  21st  and  took  part  in  the  initial 
attack.  It  was  wdthdrawn  on  the  23d  and  rested  two  days.  It  reappeared  in  line  on 
the  25th  and  fought  southeast  of  Ilebuterne  uiitil  relieved  by  the  5th  Bavarian  Re- 
serve Division  on  April  7-8.     The  di\'ision  lost  hea\dly  in  tliis  fighting. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

3.  Withdrawn  from  the  Somme,  the  division  reentered  the  Lys  battle  line  on  AprU 
26  near  Locon.     It  was  engaged  there  until  early  in  May  (6th),  when  it  was  withdrawn 

'^near  Hinges  and  rested  in  the  area  Lille-Tournai  until  June  11 .  On  that  date  it  marched 
to  Orchies,  was  railed  to  Le  Forest,  and  from  there  came  into  line  ^'ia  Noyelle,  re- 
lieving the  12th  Reserve  Division  on  the  night  of  June  13-14.  While  at  rest  the  di\ds- 
ion  received  a  number  of  drafts,  mostly  of  the  1919  class. 

4.  The  division  held  the  Mericourt  sector  until  the  night  of  July  12-13,  when  it  was 
relieved  by  the  52d  Division  and  took  over  the  billets  of  the  52d  Division  in  the  Orchies 
area. 

5.  The  division  rested  imtil  August  1,  w^hen  it  moved  to  Ham  via  Douai-Cambrai- 
Caudry-Bohain-St.  Quentin.  Then  it  rested  until  August  8,  when  it  was  alarmed 
and  rushed  up  in  busses  to  the  Le  Quesnel  sector. 

Battle  of  the  Somme. 

6.  On  August  9  the  division  was  engaged  south  of  the  Somme.  In  the  fighting  it 
lost  about  900  prisoners  before  its  relief  on  August  17.  On  August  27-28  it  returned 
to  line  in  the  Miserj'-Licourt  sector  and  remained  in  line  until  September  24,  when  it 
was  withdrawn  from  west  of  Bellenglise.  After  a  week's  rest  the  di\'ision  reentered 
line  at  Estrees;  was  engaged  for  17  days  in  the  Beaurevoir-Le  Cateau  area.  Since 
August  8  it  has  lost  nearly  3,000  prisoners. 

Yores. 

7.  The  division  rested  at  Ghent  until  October  27,  when  it  relieved  the  3d  Landwehr 
Division  south  of  Machelen.  It  retreated  via  Olsene  to  Nazareth,  in  wliich  area  it 
was  withdrawn  about  November  9. 

VALUE — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  used  as  an  attack  division  in  the 
March  and  April  offensives.  While  on  the  defensive  in  August  and  September  on 
the  Somme  it  was  decimated. 


616      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTKHPATED  IX  WAR,     617 

HISTORY. 

(60th  Regiment:  21st  Corps  District — Lower  Alsace.     7th  Reserve  Regiment;  5th 
Corps  District — Posen.     56  Reserve  Regiment;  7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 

1915. 

The  121st  Division  was  formed  in  the  Falkenhausen  Army  in  Lorraine  in  April,  1915. 
Its  three  regiments  came  from  divisions  which  had  been  in  existence  for  some  time. 
The  60th  came  from  the  31st  Division  (21st  Corps),  the  7th  Reserve  from  the  9th 
Reserve  Division  (5th  Reserve  Corps),  and  the  56th  Reserve  from  the  13th  Reserve 
Division  (7th  Reserve  Corps).  These  regiments  were  l)rought  together  in  the  region 
of  St.  Avold-Faulquemont  at  the  l)eginning  of  April  and  on  the  9th  reached  Thiau- 
coiirt,  Euvezin,  and  the  Mort  Mare  wood  (notebooks). 
Have. 

1.  The  121st  Division  next  appeared  in  the  Bois  de  Pretre  sector  at  the  l^eginning 
of  May,  1915. 

2.  It  stayed  there  until  the  end  of  Febrnary,  1916. 

1916. 

1.  The  division  left  the  Bois  de  Pretre  on  March  1,  1916,  and  rested  in  the  vicinity 
of  Metz. 

Verdun. 

2.  On  March  15  it  came  to  the  Verdun  front  (north  of  Vaux).  On  April  1  it  attacked 
and  took  the  village  of  Vaux;  it  again  attacked  on  April  11  and  made  progress  lietween 
Vaux  and  Douaumont,  pajdng  dearly  for  the  advance. 

3.  Relieved  from  the  Verdun  front  on  April  20,  it  was  put  at  rest  near  St.  Avoid 
until  l^Iay  15.  It  had  lost  58  per  cent  of  its  infantry  strength  in  front  of  Verdun. 
From  March  18  to  May  30  the  6th  Company  of  the  7th  Reserve  Regiment  received  no 
less  than  192  replacements. 

SOMME. 

4.  Transferred  to  Peronno  by  way  of  Sedan,  Charleville,  Hirson,  and  Bohain,  the 
121st  Di-vision  went  into  line  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Somme  on  May  18. 

5.  On  July  1,  while  in  this  sector,  it  was  surprised  by  the  French  offensive  and  suf- 
fered hea\^  losses  (numerous  prisoners). 

6.  Relieved  on  July  4,  it  was  put  at  rest  and  reorganized. 
Russia. 

7.  On  July  18  it  entrained  for  the  Eastern  Front.  (Itinerary:  Aix  la  Chapelle- 
Cologne-Thorn,  Warsaw,  and  Brest-Litowsk.) 

KOVEL. 

8.  Taking  over  the  Kovel  sector  on  July  26,  it  launched  counteratta,cks,  in  which  it 

was  sorely  tried. 

1917. 
Narotch  Lake. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  .Tanuary,  1917,  the  121st  Division  left  the  Kovel  sector  to  go 
into  the  region  of  Narotch  Lake  and  stayed  in  the  latter  place  until  May  17. 
France. 

2.  On  May  20  it  entrained  for  France.     (Iteneraiy:  Vilna-Insterlierg-Allenstein- 
Bromberg-Lands])erg-Bc'rlin~StendalMinden-Duesseldorf-Aix     la      Chapelle-Ver- 
vier&-Liege-Brussels-Audenarde.)     It  detrained  at  Elsegem  on  May  25. 
Cambresis. 

3.  Transferred  to  Cambrai  on  Jun(>  10,  it  took  over  the  Mceuvres-Avrincourt  sector, 
which  it  occupied  from  June  12  to  the  l)eginniug  of  August. 


618      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Flanders. 

4.  It  was  thereafter  brought  to  the  Ypres  front  to  the  south  of  the  railway  running 
from  Ypres  to  Roulei-s  (Aug.  19).  Artiller>^  fire  caused  it  to  lose  heavily;  the  British 
attack  of  September  20,  of  which  it  1x)re  the  l^runt,  increased  its  losses.  Before  the 
battle  of  the  20th  the  12th  Company  of  the  56th  Reserve  Regiment  was  reduced  to  65 
men,  of  whom  40  were  men  of  the  class  of  1918.  The  9th  Company  was  entirely  de- 
stroyed or  captured. 

5.  Relieved  in  the  night  of  the  21st  of  Septemlier  the  di\dsion  was  sent  to  rest  (region 
of  Mars  la  Tour)  and  reorganized  (more  than  2,000  men  coming  from  the  605th  and 
614th  Landstrum,  Batallion  X  12,  and  the  109th  Landwehr).  These  replacements 
were  very  heterogeneous — soldiers  from  Westphalia,  Hanover,  Baden,  Magdel>erg 
(men  pre\T.ously  wounded  and  convalescents). 

Cotes  de  Meuse. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  October  the  121st  Di\dsion  took  over  a  sector  near  Cotes  de 
Meuse  (les  Eparges,  Ravin  de  Malochis).     It  stayed  there  until  a1)out  April  10,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  name  "7th  Brandeberger "  for  the  60th  Infantry  was  only  of  historic  interest. 
The  regiment  recruited  almost  entirely  in  Westphalia.  The  56th  Reserve  Regiment 
was  also  recruited  in  Westphalia,  and  there  were  numerous  soldiers  from  there  in  the  7th 
Reserve  Regiment  to  counterbalance  the  numerous  Poles  in  the  5th  Corps  District; 
hence  the  make-up  of  the  division  was  for  the  most  part  Westphalian. 

VALUE 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  121st  Division  fought  very  well  in  its  last  battle  in  Flanders  (September,  1917) 
and  was  put  to  a  good  test. 

In  March.  1918,  the  number  of  men  in  the  ranks  who  had  taken  part  in  these  attacks 
was  about  35  or  40  per  cent,  and  the  replacements  used  after  the  l)attle  of  Flanders 
were  generally  of  inferior  military  value. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  on  the  Woevre  al)out  April  11.  It  entrained  on  April 
24  at  Conflans  and  traveled  via  Sedan-Charleville-Hirson- Valenciennes  to  Pont  a 
Marcq,  where  it  detrained  on  April  26,  after  a  journey  of  about  20  hours.  It  came  into 
line  in  the  Dranoutre  sector  on  May  2  in  relief  of  the  lOlh  Erzsatz  Di\Tsion. 

LOCRE. 

2.  It  held  the  Locre  sector  until  May  21,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  16th  Bavarian 
Division.  On  June  19  it  returned  to  its  former  sector  at  Dranoutre  and  held  it  until 
July  7. 

3.  The  division  rested  in  the  Tourcoing  area  until  July  31,  when  it  entrained  and 
traveled  \ia  Courtrai-Valenciennes-St.  Quentin  to  Laon,  where  it  detrained  on  the 
following  day.  Here  it  rested  until  5  p.  m.  on  August  8,  when  it  was  alarmed  and 
marched  to  the  La  Fere  area  (19  miles) ,  arriving  on  the  next  day  al)OUt  11a.  m.  On  the 
same  day  at  8  p.  m.  the  division  was  again  alarnx-d  and  wa.s  moved  in  motor  busses 
via  Chauny-Noyon-Roye  to  the  Daniery  area,  where  it  arrived  on  the  10th  of  August 
about  10  a.  m.  and  was  immediately  engaged. 

Battle  of  the  Somme. 

4.  The  division  fell  back  liy  Par\'illers-Damery-Fresnoy-Cremery-Sept  Fours- 
Nesle  to  the  east  bank  of  the  Somme  Canal.  It  was  n^lieved  on  the  night  of  Septeml>er 
1-2  by  the  25th  Reserve  Division.     The  division  lost  800  prisoners  in  this  fighting. 

5.  It  rested  in  early  September  in  the  Maretz  area  (southea-st  of  Cambrai).  On  Sep- 
tember 18  it  was  hurried  to  the  line  and  counterattacked  at  Bonyon  that  evening. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     G19 

Until  October  1  it  was  engaged  at  Hargiconrt,  Villeret,  and  Le  Catelet.  After  only  four 
days  of  rest  the  di\'ision  again  came  into  lino  on  October  5  in  the  Gouy  area.  It  was 
withdrawn  to  be  reorganized  on  October  9. 

6.  After  resting  near  Maubeuge  the  division  returned  to  line  west  of  Catillon  on  the 
night  of  October  18-19.  It  fought  for  about  seven  days  between  that  place  and  Ors. 
On  November  6  it  was  engaged  at  Maroilles  and  was  in  line  near  Limont-Fontaine  on 
the  day  of  the  armistice. 

VALUE— 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  a.s  third  class.  It  was  an  average  division.  In  tlie  final 
campaign  it  showed  no  jiarticular  power  of  resistance  and  lost  abnormally  in  prisoners. 


620      DIVISIONS  OF  GEr.MAX  APlMY  which  PATtTICIPATr.D  IX  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTK'irATED  IN  WAR.     G21 

HISTORY. 

(178th  and  351st  Regiments:   12th  Corps  District — Saxony.     lOOth  Reserve  Regi- 
ment: 19th  Corps  District — Saxony.) 

1915. 

The  division  was  formed  in  April,  1915,  by  taking  three  regiments  (178th,  182d, 
and  10(ith  Reserve)  from  established  divisions  of  the  12th  Corps  the  12th  Reserve 
Corps  (Saxons).  In  October,  1916,  the  lS2d  Regiment  was  transferred  to  the  21fith 
Di\ision  and  was  replaced  by  the  425th  Infantry,  which  was  also  transferred  from  this 
division  in  March,  1917,  and  replaced  by  the  351st  Regiment  (Saxon). 
C^.\M^^^GNE. 

1.  In  May,  1915,  the  123d  Division  occupied  the  region  northwest  of  Rheims. 

2.  At  the  end  of  May  it  was  transported  to  Lille,  where  it  seems  to  have  been  trans- 
ferred as  a  reserve;  in  the  middle  of  Jime  it  was  in  the  vicinity  of  Arras. 

Artois. 

3.  It  next  occupied  different  sectors  in  Artois. 

4.  In  September  it  held  the  Souchez  front.  On  October  8  it  took  part  in  the  attack 
on  Loos  and  left  Artois  in  the  middle  of  that  month. 

Flanders. 

5.  After  a  rest  at  Lille  the  di\'ision  went  to  Flanders  (November),  where  it  held  a 
.sector  south  of  the  canal  from  Y'pres  to  Comines. 

1916. 
Flanders. 

1.  In  the  middle  of  March,  1916,  the  123d  r)i\ision  was  put  at  rest  near  Bruges. 

2.  It  was  temporarily  in  line  about  April  9  at  St.  Eloi;  then  remained  as  a  reserv^e 
to  the  armies  in  the  \dcinity  of  Menin  and  Courtrai  until  July  5. 

SOMME, 

3.  At  this  date  it  was  transferred  to  the  Somme  and  fought  near  Hardecourt  and 
Maurepas  until  July  22,  losing  more  than  6,000  men. 

Russia. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  August,  1916,  the  123d  Division  left  the  Western  Front  for 
the  Russian  front. 

Narotch  Lake. 

5.  It  went  into  line  in  the  region  of  Narotch  Lake  about  September. 

1917. 
Narotch  Lake-Mttau. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January,  1917,  the  106th  Reserve  Regiment  was  detached  as  a  reen- 
forcement  in  the  Mitau  sector,  which  was  menaced  by  a  Russian  attack. 

In  March  the  425th  Infantry  (Prussian)  was  exchanged  for  the  351st  Infantiy. 
which  had  been  grouped  under  this  number  since  1915,  and  was  originally  three 
battalions  of  the  Saxon  replacement  depot  of  the  old  war  garrison  of  Breslau. 
Smorgoni. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  August  the  division,  w  hich  up  to  that  time  had  held  the  Narotch 
Lake  sector,  was  engaged  between  Smorgoni  and  Krevo. 

3.  It  again  returned  to  the  Narotch  Lake  vicinity  in  November. 
France. 

4.  About  November  8  it  was  transferred  to  France.  (Itinerary:  Chavli-Varsoxde- 
Lodz-Kalich-Cottbus-Cassel-Frankfort  on  the  Main-Sarrebrueck-Metz).  It  de- 
trained at  Piennes,  Baroncourt,  and  was  billeted  in  that  district  for  eight  days. 


622     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Meuse. 

5.  About  Novcml)er  22  it  took  over  a  sertor  on  the  Verdun  front  (south  of  Bezon- 
vaux).  It  stayed  there  all  ^\dnter.  It  was  identified  to  the  southeast  of  ])amloup 
in  February,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

Since  March,  1917,  there  have  been  but  Saxons  in  the  123d  Division. 

b 

'  VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  123d  Division  had  hut  a  mediocre  lombat  value  by  reason  of  its  long  stay  in 
calm  sectors  on  the  Russian  front. 

In  Russia  it  fraternized  on  two  occasions,  the  second  one  at  the  time  of  its  last  stay 
on  the  Russian  front. 

The  losses  of  the  divdsion  on  the  Russian  front  were  almost  nothing  and  it  suffered 
no  losses  on  the  Verdun  front  until  February,  1918. 

1918. 
Verdun. 

1.  The  division  continued  to  hold  the  uneventful  Bezonvaux  sector  until  June  3, 
when  it  was  relieved  by  the  7th  Reserve  Division. 

Rheims. 

2.  On  the  night  of  June  18-19  it  relieved  the  232d  Division  north  of  the  Bligny 
(southwest  of  Rheims).  It  participated  in  the  attack  of  July  15  and  made  a  slight 
advance.     On  the  20th  it  was  relieved. 

3.  The  division  marched  by  Savigny-Trigny-Bourgogne-Houdicourt.  It  was 
railed  to  Asfeld  and  rested  at  Sery.  On  the  27th  it  marched  to  Novion-Porcien  and 
was  railed  to  Montmedy.  From  there  it  marched  to  Grand  Failly,  where  it  camped 
until  the  31st. 

Verdun. 

4.  On  August  8  the  division  relieved  the  6th  Bavarian  Divisitui  near  Saraogneux 
and  rested  in  that  sector  until  September  3. 

St.  Mihiel. 

5.  After  it  rested  in  the  St.  Mihiel  sector  until  September  12,  it  was  put  into  line 
at  Thiaucourt  to  check  the  American  offensive.  It  remained  there  until  the  night 
of  October  7-8,  when  it  was  withdrawn. 

6.  The  division  was  moved  by  autotrucks  to  Dun  \ia  Spincourt-Billy-Damvillers- 
Ilaraumont-Fontaines,  arriving  there  (ui  the  night  of  October  9-10.  It  marched  into 
line  near  Cunel  on  October  11. 

Meuse-Argonnk. 

7.  The  division  was  engaged  in  almost  continuous  fighting  without  any  major  attack, 
until  it  was  withdrawn  on  October  25.  While  it  did  not  win  special  merit  for  its 
defense,  it  fought  persistently  and  was  quick  to  take  every  advantage  of  the  terrain. 
The  division  lost  238  j)risoners  and  2,200  other  casualties  (estimated).  The  division 
was  considered  in  reserve  of  the  5th  Army  at  the  time  of  the  armistice. 

value — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Its  conduct  in  the  July  offensive  was  medi- 
ocre and  in  the  Argonne  it  did  nothing  to  distinguish  itself. 


DIVISIONS  OF  UKllMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAllTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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G24      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(lS4th  Regiment:  4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony.  418th  Regiment:  IStli  Corps 
District — Grand  Ducliy  of  Hesse.  440th  Reserve  Regiment:  10th  Corps  District — 
Hanover  and  (Jrand  Duchy  of  Oldeuberg.) 

1915, 

The  183d  Division  (known  as  tlio  183d  Brigade  until  June,  191 G)  was  created  at 
Cambrai  in  May,  1915.  It  comprised  at  that  time  the  183d  Infantry  (Saxon)  and 
the  184th  Infantry  (Prussian),  to  which  there  was  added  in  July,  1915,  the  122d  Reserve 
Regiment  (Wurttemberg),  three  newly  formed  regiments,  the  184th  being  organized 
out  of  companies  taken  from  various  regiments  of  the  7th  and  8tli  Di\isions.  In 
November,  1916,  the  183d  Division  was  modified.  Two  of  its  original  regiments 
(the  183d  and  the  122d  Reserve)  were  respectively  replaced  by  the  newly  formed 
418th  and  440th  Reserve — the  418th  Regiment  being  formed  from  companies  of  the 
111th  Di\dsion,  the  Ersatz  Division  of  the  Guard,  the  8th  Ersatz  Di\ision,  and  the 
10th  Ersatz  Division,  and  the  440th  Reserve  Regiment  being  oi-ganized  out  of  various 
elements,  including  the  3d  Battalion  of  the  79th  Reserve  Regiment  and  the  4th 
Battalion  of  the  75th  Landwelir. 

AlSNE. 

1.  In  June,  1915,  the  183d  Brigade  occupied  the  !Missy  sur  Aisne  sector  (east  of 
Soissons) . 

2.  At  the  end  of  June  it  was  engaged  at  Quennevieres. 

Lorraine. 

3.  Transferred  to  Lorraine  (end  of  July),  it  stayed  there  until  the  end  of  September 
(region  of  Benestroff ) . 

Champagne. 

4.  It  was  brought  to  the  Champ^ne  front  (between  Prunay  and  Souain)  about 
September  23  and  opposed  the  French  offensive  (September-October).  The  184th 
Infantry  was  nearly  wiped  out  on  September  25,  the  183d  losing  a  very  large  niunber 
of  prisoners. 

5.  Relieved  from  the  front  in  November,  the  brigade  was  put  at  rest  in  the  vicinity 

of  Charleroi. 

1916. 

1.  In  January,  1916,  the  division  was  in  reserve  in  the  vicinity  of  Machault. 
Champagne. 

2.  From  February  to  May  it  was  on  the  Champagne  front  near  the  Souain-Somme 
Py  road. 

3.  June;  at  rest  (region  of  Touniai).  At  the  end  of  Juno  the  183d  Brigade  became 
the  183d  Division  by  changing  the  183d  Field  Artillery  Detatchmeut  into  a  regiment. 

SOMME. 

4.  On  July  2  it  was  brought  to  the  north  of  the  Somme  and  engaged  in  the  vicinity 
of  Pozi^revS-Contalmaison  until  July  24.  It  suffered  very  heavy  losses  here — from  the 
10th  to  the  15th  the  184th  Infantry  lost  about  2,000  men. 

5.  About  July  25  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  and  reorganized.  (It  received 
2,000  replacements,  mostly  men  from  the  l!)l(i  and  1917  classes.) 

Artois. 

6.  From  the  end  of  July  to  September  21:  Neuville-St.  Vaast  sector  (north  of 
Arras). 

Somme. 

7.  From  the  beginning  of  October  to  the  21st  it  went  into  its  second  engagement 
on  the  Somme  (Belloy-Deui6court  sector)  and  was  again  sorely  tried. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     625 

C6tes  de  Meuse. 

8.  November  15  to  February,  1917,  Cdtcs  de  Meuse  (Lamorville-Spada  sector.) 
In  November  the  183d  Di\-ision  was  reorganized  aud  became  entirely  Prussian  (present 
compos  tion) 

1917. 

1.  From  the  middle  of  February  to  the  beginning  of  April,  1917,  it  was  at  rest  in  the 
region  of  Conflans,  then  in  the  vicinity  of  Anizy  le  Ch&teau. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  April  the  183d  Division  came  to  strengthen  the  Chavonne- 
Soupir-Braye  en  Laonnois  sector.  Wliile  opposing  the  French  attack  of  April  16  it 
suffered  very  heavy  losses  (2,100  prisoners),  and  while  fighting  fell  back  to  the 
Chemin  des  Dames  (April  18-21).  As  a  result  of  the  losses  on  the  16th  the  companies 
of  the  184th  Regiment  were  reduced  to  25  to  30  men. 

3.  The  division  was  relieved  on  April  21.  In  May  the  184th  Regiment  received 
1,500  replacements  from  the  4th  Corps  District,  half  of  wliich  belong  to  the  class  of  1918. 
Alsace. 

4.  From  May  11  to  June  24  it  held  the  Aspach- Rhone  to  Rhine  Canal  sector. 

5.  From  the  end  of  June  to  July  31  it  was  at  rest,  successively  to  the  south  of  Colmar 
(15  days),  near  Friberg,  and  to  the  south  of  Longuyon  (Pierrepont). 

6.  It  entrained  at  Longuyon  for  Belgium  (July  31)  and  detrained  at  Roulers  the  1st 
and  2d  of  August. 

Flanders. 

7.  On  August  15  the  di\dsion  was  engaged  near  St.  Julien  (southwest  of  Poelcappelle) 
until  August  20. 

Cambrai. 

8.  After  a  short  rest  in  the  region  of  Cambrai  it  took  over  the  Vendhuile-Hargicourt 
sector,  to  the  west  of  Catelet,  on  September  9.  On  November  20  part  of  the  440th 
Reserve  Regiment  was  sent  as  a  reenforcement  to  the  south  of  Cambrai  (Masniferes); 
later  the  entire  183d  Division  was  transferred  to  the  northeast  of  Veudhuile  to  cover 
the  flank  of  the  German  attack  executed  on  November  30. 

RECRUITING. 

The  183d  was  more  homogeneous  than  it  seemed  at  first  glance.  The  recruits  of  the 
9th  and  10th  Corps  District  were  often  mixed  and  the  41Sth  and  440th  Regiments 
have  many  men  from  the  same  Provinces.  Also  the  184th  received  in  the  main  men 
from  that  portion  of  the  4th  Corps  District  which  adjoined  the  10th  Corps  District 
(Ilarz  section). 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

During  the  French  attack  of  April  16,  1917,  the  division  as  a  whole  showed  up  well. 
The  418th  and  the  440th  Reserv^e  gave  proof  of  vigor  and  courage  aud  only  gave  way 
under  continual  pressure  of  the  opposing  troops. 

It  seemed  that  the  German  Command  wished  to  reward  the  di\dsion  for  this  resist- 
tance  by  giving  Gen.  von  Schuessler,  commanding  the  183d  Division,  the  Ordre  pour 
le  M^rite. 

The  183d  Division  was  sorely  tried  in  the  course  of  these  attacks  and  had  to  be 

entirely  reorganized. 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  diWsion  held  the  Vendhulle  sector  until  Fe])ruary  2,  when  it  was  relieved 
by  the  79th  Reserve  Di\-ision.  It  returned  to  this  part  of  the  line  on  February  25, 
relieving  the  79th  Reserve  Division.  It  took  part  in  the  attack  of  March  21,  advancing 
by  Epehy  (21st),  Manancourt  (23d),  to  Bazentin  (25th).  It  retired  to  rest  at  Contal- 
maison. 

120051°— 20 40 


626      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

Albert. 

2.  The  di\-isaon  received  drafts  in  early  April.  On  the  IGth  it  fame  into  lino  north 
of  Albert  and  held  there  for  four  weeks.  On  the  13th  of  May  it  was  relieved  by  the 
243d  Di\-ision. 

3.  On  the  19th  the  diA-ision  was  engaged  at  Ville  siir  Ancre,  but  after  four  days  in 
line  it  was  relieved  and  sent  to  a  quiet  sector. 

WOEVRE. 

4.  On  June  22  the  diA-ision  took  over  the  Regme\-ille  sector,  which  it  held  until 
July  14  ^Wthout  event.    It  was  relieved  by  the  77th  Reserve  Di\dsion  on  that  date. 

5.  It  entrained  at  Thiaucourt  on  July  16  and  traveled  ^ia,  Montmedy-Sedan- 
Charleville-Charleroi-Mons- Valenciennes  and  detrained  near  Cambrai  on  the  night  of 
July  17-18.  From  there  it  marched  to  Ypres,  rested  there  for  six  days,  and  on  the 
25th  relieved  the  26th  Reserve  Division  in  the  Hebuterne  sector. 

Battle  op  the  Somme. 

G.  The  division  was  struck  by  the  British  offensive  in  August,  and  before  it  was 
withdrawn  near  Irles  on  August  24  it  had  suffered  heavy  casualties,  including  the  loss 
of  1,400  prisoners. 

7.  It  marched  to  Cambrai,  where  it  remained  three  days.  On  the  28th  it  was 
marched  to  Douai  and  entrained  for  Lille,  from  where  it  marched  to  Templemars. 
On  the  night  of  September  3-4  it  relieved  the  18th  Reserve  Division  north  of  the 
La  Bassee  Canal. 

8.  The  diidsion  was  engaged  in  the  La  Bassee  sector  until  September  10.  Immedi- 
ately after  it  was  A\dthdrawn  from  line  the  di\ision  was  dissolved.  The  440th  ReserA-e 
Regiment  was  sent  as  a  draft  to  the  11th  Di\asion.  The  other  two  regiments  of  the 
division  were  also  disbanded  and  used  as  drafts. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  used  as  an  assault  diAdsion  in  the 
March  offensive  but  thereafter  deteriorated.  It  was  next  seriously  employed  on  the 
Somme  in  August,  where  its  tremendous  losses  robbed  it  of  further  utility.     . 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      G27 


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G28      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(65th  and   IGlst  Regiments:   8th  Corps  District — Rhenish  Pro\'ince.     28th  Reserve 
Regiment:  8th  Corps  District — Rhenish  Province.) 

1915. 

The  di^•ision  was  created  in  May,  1915.  Merely  a  brigade  (the  185th)  at  the  outset, 
it  was  composed  of  the  185th  Infantry  (from  various  Baden  regiments),  of  the  186th 
Regiment  (Hessian  elements),  and  of  the  190th  Regiment  ( Westphalian  elements). 
Later  the  185th  Brigade  underwent  changes  which  entirely  changed  its  original 
composition. 
Hebuterne. 

1.  In  June,  1915,  the  185th  and  ISfith  Infantry  Regiments  were  engaged  in  the 
vicinity  of  Hebuterne. 

2.  The  three  regiments  of  the  185th  Brigade  entrained  at  Douai  at  the  end  of 
July  and  were  transferred  to  Alsace. 

Alsace. 

3.  At  first  it  was  in  reserve  in  the  region  of  MuLhousc;  hater  it  was  put  in  line  be- 
tween Altkirch  and  the  Swiss  frontier,  where  it  stayed  until  the  end  of  September. 
Champagne. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  was  in  Champagne  holding  the  sector  west  of 

the  Souain-Somme  Py  road. 

1916. 

1.  The  185th  Brigade  stayed  on  the  Champagne  front  (Tahure)  until  the  middle 
of  June,   1916. 

Somme. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July  it  opposed  the  Franco-British  offensive  in  the  Somme 
at  the  northeast  of  Fricourt,  near  Thiepval,  Contalmaison,  and  Bazentin  (beginning 
of  July  to  the  18th).     It  suffered  serious  losses. 

3.  At  the  end  of  July  it  rested  at  St.  Quentin,  Vermand  and  Cateau.  At  this  time 
the  185th  Brigade  became  the  185th  Division  by  the  transformation  of  its  field  artillery 
detachment  into  a  regiment. 

Oise-Aisne. 

4.  In  August  it  held  a  sector  to  the  west  of  Soissons  (from  the  Oise  to  Che\dllecourt). 
The  185th  Division  was  reorganized  by  the  transfer  of  its  three  infantry  regiments 
which  were  replaced  l:>y  the  65th  and  the  161st  Infantry  from  the  15th  Di\'ision  and 
by  the  28th  Reserve  Regiment  from  the  16th  Reserve  Di^•ision — both  Rhenish 
divisions. 

Somme. 

5.  The  185th,  thus  reorganized,  was  brought  back  to  the  Somme  about  Sep- 
tember 7.     It  was  engaged  near  Ginchy  and  Combles  until  the  middle  of  October. 

6.  After  a  short  stay  north  of  Soissons  (end  of  October  to  the  beginning  of  Novem- 
ber) it  came  back  for  a  third  time  in  the  Somme  district  (Saillisc,  night  of  Kov.  10-11). 
Here  it  was  again  put  to  a  test. 

7.  It  left  the  Somme  on  December  9  and  rested  in  Belgium  (.Most). 

1917. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  January  elements  of  the  diWsion  wore  in  line  to  the  south 
of  Grenier  wood  (region  of  Lille). 

Flanders. 

2.  The  division  occupied  a  sector  north  of  Ypres  (\\'ieltjo)  from  the  beginning  of 
February  to  April  15. 


DIVISIOlSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHirTI  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     fi20 

Artois. 

3.  About  April  20  it  was  engaged  in  front  of  Arras  (to  the  north  of  the  Scarpe  until 
the  beginning  of  May).  Losses  sustained  obliged  it  to  have  recourse  to  a  distant 
source  for  replacements:  the  Ersatz  Truppe  of  Warsaw  (class  of  1918  and  men  put 
back  of  the  1917  class),  which  reenforcements  arrived  at  top  speed  on  May  5. 

La  Basee. 

4.  The  division  held  the  La  Basee  sector  (Hulluch-Vermelles)  from  the  end  of 
May  to  September  21. 

5.  In  October  it  was  at  rest  for  three  weeks  in  the  \dcinity  of  Carvin. 
Flanders-Cambrai. 

6.  Transferred  to  Belgium  (Oct.  28)  it  took  over  a  sector  to  the  west  of  Ilouthulst 
Forest  (Nov.  6-7).  In  December  it  was  on  the  Cambrai  front  (until  al)out  Jan.  10 
1918). 

RECRUITING. 

Since  August,  1916,  the  division  had  been  entirely  composed  of  regiments  coming 
from  the  Rhine  Province  (8th  Corps  District)  and  as  such  is  entii'ely  homogeneous. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  185th  Di-vision  gave  good  account  of  itself  in  all  the  liattles  in  which  it  took  part. 

1918. 

1.  The  185th  Division  was  v.dthdrawn  from  the  Cambrai  front  near  Gonnelieu,  being 
relieved  by  the  9th  Reserve  Division  during  the  night  of  January  11-12.  It  went 
to  the  Solesmes  area,  where  it  was  trained  with  a  view  of  being  used  in  offensive 
operations. 

Arras. 

2.  About  the  middle  of  February  it  relieved  the  24th  Division  near  Monchy  le 
Preux  (southeast  of  Arras).  On  the  28th  of  March  it  attacked  with  all  three  regi- 
ments, and  suffered  hea\'y  losses  from  enfilade  machine-gun  fire;  officer  casualties 
for  the  division  amounted  to  90.     It  was  withdrawn  about  the  27th  of  April. 

3.  It  relieved  the  26th  Reserve  Division  near  Mercatel  (southeast  of  Arras)  be- 
tween the  13th  and  16th  of  May.  It  was  relieved  by  the  39th  Di\ision  during  the 
night  of  August  2-3. 

SOMME. 

4.  On  the  18th  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Herleville  (south  of  Bray).  It  was 
withdrawn  on  September  5. 

5.  On  the  18th  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Villeret  (northwest  of  St.  Quentin), 
and  was  withdrawn  on  the  1st  of  October.  During  these  last  two  engagements  the 
division  lost  heavily,  more  than  2,050  in  prisoners  alone. 

6.  A  week  later  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Ligny  en  Cambresis  (west  of  Le  Cateau  >. 
It  was  withdrawn  on  the  25th. 

7.  After  a  fortnight's  rest  it  relieved  the  6th  Division  southwest  of  Mons  on  the 
8th  of  November. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  185th  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  Although  trained  in  open  warfare, 
it  was  used  in  only  one  of  the  great  German  offensives,  and  there  did  nothing  to 
indicate  that  it  merited  a  better  rating. 


630      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     631 

HISTORY. 

(187th  Regiment:  9th  Corps  District — Schleswig-Holstein.     188th  Regiment:  4th  Corps 
District — Prussian  Saxony.     189th  Regiment:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.) 

1915. 

The  187th  Division  (the  187th  Brigade  until  June,  1916)  was  created  May  20,  1915. 
Its  regiments  were  made  up  as  follows:  The  187th,  from  the  9th  Corps  District;  the 
188 th,  from  the  4th  Corps  District;  and  the  189th,  a  Brandenburger  unit. 
Al.sace. 

1.  In  June,  1915,  the  187th  Brigade  was  sent  to  Alsace  and  stayed  in  line  in  the 
I'echt  valley  and  the  vicinity  (Metzeral-Sondemach-Hilsenfirst-Reichackerkopf) 
until  the  end  of  December. 

2.  It  next  went  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Colmar. 

1916. 
Alsace. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January,  191G,  it  went  back  in  line  in  the  Fecht  valley  and  the 
region  of  Guebwiller.  Tt  was  kept  there  until  the  summer,  participating  in  battles 
for  the  possession  of  the  heights  (Hartmannswillerkopf,  Reichackerkopf). 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  July  the  187th  Brigade  became  the  187th  Division  by  the 
transformation  of  its  field  artillery  detachment  into  a  regiment. 
Transylvania. 

3.  Relieved  at  the  end  of  August  from  the  Muenster,  it  rested  eight  days  at  Rouffach 
then  entrained  at  Colmar  for  the  Roumanian  front.  (Itinerary:  Karlsruhe-Stuttgart- 
Ulm-Munich-Vienna-Budapest-Sieben-Buergen.) 

ROUMANIA. 

4.  On  September  13  it  was  engaged  in  Transylvania  (region  of  TIermannstadt,  Tour 
Rouge  passes),  then  took  part  in  the  battle  of  Brasso  (Kronstadt)  at  the  beginning  of 
October  and  in  the  operations  in  the  vicinity  of  Slanic  (December).  It  suffered 
heavy  losses. 

1917. 
RouMANL\ — France. 

1.  On  P'ebruary  11,  1917,  the  187th  Division  left  Roumania  for  the  Western  Front. 
(Itinerary:  Arad-Budapest-Oppeln-Breslau-Dresden-Wuerzberg-Strassberg.)  It  was 
at  rest  near  Dieuze  (about  six  weeks). 

Lorraine. 

2.  About  April  20  it  took  over  the  Moncel-Arracourt  sector. 

AlSNE. 

3.  Hastily  relieved  on  April  28,  it  entrained  at  Morhange  on  May  2  and  detrained 
in  the  vicinity  of  Amagne  and  was  put  into  line  on  May  10  on  the  Rheims  front  (north 
of  Bermericourt;  southeast  of  Berry  au  Bac)  until  June  15. 

4.  At  rest  in  the  Aussonce-La  Neu\alle  area  (end  of  June  to  July  the  187th  Division 
was  held  in  reserve  as  a  " Stossdivision "  or  "Eingriffsdi vision." 

Champagne. 

5.  About  July  14  it  was  engaged  in  the  Cornillet,  Mont  Blond,  Mont  Haut  sector, 
which  it  held  until  August  26.  The  187th  Infantry  was  particularly  tried  duiing  the 
attack  of  July  26. 

6.  From  August  26  to  September  29  it  was  at  rest  in  camps  at  La  Neuville  en  Tourne 
a  Fuii  later  in  the  region  of  Vervins. 

Flanders. 

7.  Transferred  to  Belgium  (Sept.  30),  the  division  opposed  the  British  attack  near 
Poelcappelle.  It  was  partially  relieved  after  the  attack  and  went  into  line  and  counter 
attacked  on  the  10th  to  the  north  of  Langemarck.     Its  losses  in  this  sector  were  heavy. 

8.  After  a  rest  to  the  north  of  Bruges  from  the  12th  of  October  to  November,  it  went 
back  to  the  front  near  Blankaart  (south  of  Dixmude). 


632      DIVISTOXR  OF  GEKMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATKD  IN  WAR. 


RECRUITIXG. 


The  three  regiments  of  this  di\'ision  came  from  different  Pro\'inces — the  187th  from 
Schleswig-IIoistein,  the  188th  from  Prussian-Saxony,  and  the  189th  from  Brandenburg. 
This  was  confirmed  by  a  German  communique  which  mentioned  "the  attack  troops 
from  Schleswig-IIolstein  and  Brandenberg  "  at  Mont  Ilaut  (July,  1917). 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  187th  Division  was  made  up  of  young  men  who  were  well  trained  and  who 
came  from  active  di^'isions. 

The  lB7th  Division  was  a  division  equipped  for  mountain  warfare. 

1918. 
Armentieres. 

1.  The  187th  Division  was  withdrawn  from  line  south  of  Lake  Blankaart  about 
the  10th  of  January,  and  on  the  16th  relieved  the  38th  Landwehr  Di\asion  near  Bois 
Grenier  (south  of  Armentieres).  It  was  relieved  by  the  6th  Bavarian  Di^•ision  aVjout 
February  20  and  went  to  the  Lille  area,  where  it  most  probably  received  training 
in  open  warfare,  though  the  fact  has  not  been  definitely  established. 

Arras. 

2.  It  left  there  and  arrived  at  Douai  on  the  25th  of  March.  It  spent  the  night 
of  the  27th-28th  in  Vitry.  On  the  28th  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Fampoux  (east 
of  Arras)  on  the  28th,  when  it  attacked.  A  man  of  the  188th  Regiment  subsequently 
wrote:  ""We  tried  to  break  through  on  the  28/3/18,  but  only  pushed  Tommy  back 
to  his  reserve  line,  and  don't  forget  that  it  was  with  enormous  losses  to  ourselves." 
It  was  relieved  by  the  2d  Guard  Reserve  Di^-ision  during  the  night  of  May  18-19,  and 
went  to  rest  in  the  region  east  of  Douai. 

3.  During  the  night  of  June  18-19  it  came  back  and  relieved  the  2d  Guard  Reserve 
Division.     It  was  relieved  by  the  48th  Reser\-e  Di^Tsion  on  the  7th  of  July. 
Armentieres. 

4.  After  less  than  a  week's  rest,  the  di^•ision  came  to  the  Armentieres  front  and 
relieved  the  39th  DiA-ision  between  Xeuf-Berquin  and  Vieux-Berquin  (north  of 
Merville).  It  was  relieved  early  in  September  by  the  extension  of  fronts  of  the 
neighboring  di^'isions. 

Cambrai. 

5.  On  the  7th  it  reenforced  the  front  in  the  Inchy  en  Artois  sector  (west  of  Cambrai). 
After  suffering  exceedingly  heavy  losses,  it  was  withdrawn  about  the  28th  and  went 
to  rest  in  the  Boushain  region. 

Douai. 

6.  Octol)er  3  it  relieved  the  15th  Reserve  Division  in  the  Oppy  sector  (west  of 
Douai),  and  was  withdrawn  about  the  20th. 

7.  On  the  27th  it  reenforced  the  front  in  the  Chateau  I'Al^baye  sector  (northeast  of 
St.  Amand),  but  was  withdrawn  a  few  daj^  later. 

Valen'ciexnes. 

9.  It  was  identified  in  line  near  Quievrechain  (northeast  of  Valenciennes)  on 
November  5. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  187th  was  rated  as  a  second-class  division.  The  only  offensive  in  which  it 
participated  was  that  of  the  Somme,  where  it  did  not  distinguish  itself.  Subse- 
quently it  was  used  only  to  hold  the  front.  Toward  the  end  of  the  year  it  was  very 
much  reduced  in  strength. 


DIYISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTIC'TPATKD  IN  WAR.     633 


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192  Pion.  Btn. 

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192  Signal  Command: 

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634      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAKTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(12th  and  19th  Corps  Districts — Saxony.) 

1915. 

The  192d  Brigade  (became  the  192d  I)ivi.sion  in  June,  1916)  was  formed  out  of  regi- 
ments created  by  selection  of  men  from  various  units.  It  was  formed  at  the  beginning 
of  June,  1915,  -with  the  192d  Infantry  (Saxon),  formed  oiit  of  elements  taken  from  the 
32d  Division,  the  193d  (Westphalian,  7th  Corps  District),  detached  after  its  creation 
to  the  13th  Reserve  Division,  and  with  the  25th  Bavarian  Regiment,  formerly  belong- 
ing to  the  4th  Bavarian  Division,  the  regiments  of  which  had  contributed  to  the  forma- 
tion of  this  last  regiment. 

1.  Until  the  month  of  September,  1915,  the  three  regiments  of  the  brigade  occupied 
different  sectors  on  the  Western  Front — the  192d  near  Charency  in  August,  the  ]  93d  on 
the  Aisne  (region  of  Chamouille),  and  the  25th  Bavarian  near  Warneton  (Flanders) 
in  July. 

Champagne. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September  the  elements  of  the  192d  Brigade  were  lirought  together 
in  the  rear  of  the  Champagne  front.  Engaged  as  a  reenforcement  against  the  French 
offensive  (Sept.  27  to  the  beginning  of  October)  near  the  Souain-Somme  Py  road,  it 
suffered  heaAy  losses  (50  officers  and  3,594  men  out  of  action,  according  to  official  lists). 
The  brigade  stayed  in  the  Souain  sector  until  the  end  of  November. 

3.  In  December  it  was  at  rest  in  the  region  of  Big-nicourt-Machault. 

1916. 
Champagne. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  January,  1916,  the  1 92d  Brigade  again  took  a  sector  in  Cham- 
pagne (until  Jan.  26). 

2.  From  the  end  of  January  to  the  beginning  of  March  it  was  at  rest  in  the  vicinity  of 
Montcornet. 

3.  From  the  4th  to  the  18th  of  March  the  regiments  were  engaged  in  making  defensive 
works  in  the  region  of  Laon. 

Verdun-Bois  d'Avocourt. 

4.  On  March  18  the  brigade  was  brought  near  Vouziers  and  Stenay,  then  assem1)led 
in  the  rear  of  the  Verdun  front  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse  (Mar.  22).  On  the  23d 
it  relieved  the  11th  Bavarian  Division,  sorely  tried  by  the  attacks  on  Malancourt  and 
the  Bois  d'Avocourt.  It  took  part  itself  in  the  battles  which  effected  the  capture  of 
that  wood  and  suffered  hea^^  losses.  From  April  13  to  May  10  the  11th  Company 
of  the  192d  Infantry  received  at  least  125  replacements  and  the  12th  Company  116 
replacements. 

5.  The  192d  Brigade  stayed  in  the  Malancourt- A vocourt  wood  sector  until  the  end 
of  August,  holding  it  alternately  with  the  1  Itli  Bavarian  Division.  During  this  period 
(May-August)  it  only  took  part  in  local  engagements. 

6.  In  June  it  was  changed  into  a  division,  its  composition  remaining  unchanged 
except  for  the  expansion  of  its  field  artillery. 

Fleury-Douaumont. 

7.  On  August  22  the  new  division  was  relieved  and  transferred  to  the  right  bank  of  the 
Meuse  ( Chare ncy-Longuyon).  On  the  28th  it  was  eugaged  in  the  Fleury-Doiiaiimont 
sector.     Its  regiments  were  sorely  tried  by  the  French  attacks  of  September  3  and  9. 

8.  Relieved  from  the  front  at  the  end  of  Septeml)er  and  beginning  of  October  the 
division  was  entirely  reorganized.  The  193d  Infantrj'  went  to  the  222d  DiAdsion  (be- 
ing organized)  and  was  replaced  by  the  418th,  newly  formed ;  the  25th  Bavarian  went 
to  the  14th  Bavarian  Division  and  was  replaced  by  the  245th  Reserve  Regiment  of  the 
64th  Reserve  Divdsion. 


DIVISIOlSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      635 

CdTES   DE    MeUSE. 

9.  About  the  end  of  October  the  418th  Regiment,  which  had  l)een  put  in  line  in  the 
Moranville  sector  (Cotes  de  Meuse),  replaced  the  183d  Infantry  in  the  183d  Division, 
the  last-named  regiment  going  to  the  192d   Division,  which  was  now  entirely  Saxon. 

Bezonvaux. 

The  192d  Division,  having  thus  acquired  its  present  organization,  took  a  position  to 
the  east  of  Bezonvaux  in  December. 

1917. 
Verdunt-Bezonvaux. 

1.  It  occupied  this  sector  until  December,  1917,  and  during  this  long  period  remained 
entirely  passive. 

niLL  344. 

2.  Relieved  from  this  calm  sector  about  December  10, 191 7,  it  immediately  went  into 
line  north  of  Hill  344,  where  it  still  was  in  January,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  was  entirely  Saxon  after  the  end  of  1916. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  192d  Division  stayed  more  than  a  year  in  a  very  calm  sector  (east  of  Bezonvaux, 
December  1916,  to  December,  1917). 

In  .Tanuarj^  1918,  the  division  might  be  considered  as  rested,  but  its  combat  value 
at  that  time  seemed  rather  mediocre.  In  the  various  actions  in  which  it  took  part  on 
the  Verdun  front  it  did  not  distinguish  itself. 

1918. 

OlSE. 

1.  The  division  held  the  sector  on  the  Verdun  front  until  the  middle  of  April,  when 
it  was  relieved,  and  on  May  19  it  relieved  the  200th  Division  southeast  of  Rouvrel. 
It  was  still  in  line  when  the  Allies  attacked  on  August  8.  Al)out  August  11  the  divi- 
sion was  withdrawn. 

St.  Mihiel. 

2.  The  division  marched  to  Origny  via  Rosieres-Athies-St.  Quentin.  It  left  there 
August  25  and  went  l)y  tr»in  to  Chambley  \da  Ribemont-Crecy-Mortiers-Marle- 
Charleville-Sedan-Montmedy-Longuyon-Metz,  arriving  on  August  26.  On  the  20th 
the  division  entered  line  in  the  tip  of  the  St.  Mihiel  salient. 

3.  The  division  extracted  itself  from  the  salient  and  was  relieved  about  September 
22,  when  the  line  had  stabilized.  It  was  moved  west  and  again  came  into  line  at 
Bezonvaux. 

Meuse-Argonne. 

4.  From  October  8  until  about  October  22  the  division  held  the  Bezonvaux  sector. 
It  was  then  shifted  northward  to  the  area  south  of  Etrayes,  where  it  remained  until  the 
armistice. 

VALUE 191S    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  did  well  at  St.  Mihiel,  but  in  its  other  sec- 
tors its  conduct  was  mediocre. 


63G     DIVISIONS  OV  riKRMAN  ATtiMY  WirKIH  PATtTICTPATED  IN  WAR. 


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102  Search.light  Section. 
195  Signal  Command: 

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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     637 

HISTORY. 

(Gth  and  8th  Jiigers:   Various  sections  of  Prussia.    233d   Reserve   Regiment:   11th 
Corps  District — Thuringen.) 

1916. 

1.  The  division  was  organized  in  July,  1916,  in  the  Ruddervoorde  region  "with  the 
foUoAving  elements:  (1)  233d  Reserve  Regiment,  obtained  from  the  51st  Reserve 
Division;  (2)  the  6th  Jiigers  (5th  and  6th  Battalions  of  Jiigers,  14th  Battalion  of 
Jiigers — the  last  after  arriving  on  the  Russian  front  "v\'as  thereafter  replaced  by  the 
2d  Reserve  Battalion  of  Jiigers);  (3)  8th  Jiigers  (4th,  16th,  and  24th  Battalions  of 
Reserve  Jiigers). 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  It  was  shortly  thereafter  transferred  to  Galicia. 

3.  The  diAOsion  took  part  in  the  open  warfare  of  August,  1916. 

4.  It  next  went  into  line  Avith  Austrian  troops  in  the  Zloczow  sector. 

1917. 
France. 

1.  It  was  transferred  to  the  Western  Front  at  the  end  of  April,  1917.  (Itinerary: 
Leniky-Cracovie-Oppeln-Breslau-Leipzig-Halle-Paderborn-Essen-Duesseldorf-Aix 
la  Chapelle-Verviers-Liege-Louvain-Brussels-Cambrai. ) 

2.  The  division  was  successively  in  line  in  the  Ypres  sector  (May),  in  the  Wyt- 
schaete  sector  (June- July),  and  in  the  St.  Quentia  sector  (August). 

3.  Dui'ing  the  month  of  August  it  rested  in  the  Walincourt  region. 
Flanders. 

4.  From  October  3  to  12  it  fought  in  the  Passchendaele  sector.  It  sustained  heaA-y 
losses  (more  than  600  prisoners). 

5.  Relieved  on  October  12  the  division  was  reorganized  at  Meulebecke  from  the 
14th  to  the  18th  and  was  transferred  by  rail  to  Gand.  At  the  time  it  was  relieved 
the  233d  Reserve  was  reduced  to  800  men  (story  of  deserter). 

6.  On  about  the  21st  it  entrained  at  Ileydinge  and  was  brought  via  Brussels-Namur- 
Dinant-Givet-CharlcAille-Sedan-Montmedy  and  Confians  to  Haye,  where  it  de- 
trained on  the  23d. 

Haye. 

7.  On  October  28  it  took  over  a  sector  to  the  southwest  of  Thiaucourt  (Flirey). 

Italy. 

8.  On  November  11  the  division  was  entrained  at  Metz  for  Italy.  It  detrained  at 
Trente  on  November  14,  Avhere  it  rested  until  the  24th.  It  left  Trente  on  December 
3  without  haA-ing  participated  in  any  engagement.  (Itinerary:  Trente-Innsbruck- 
Munich-Carlsruhe-Offenberg-Friberg-lMulhouse.) 

Alsace. 

9.  Arri\'ing  on  December  6,  it  Avas  billeted  in  the  region  of  Sundgau,  Avhere  it 
stayed  until  February,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  Avas  very  heterogeneous.  The  233d  came  from  Thuringen  (11th 
Corps  District).  The  A'arious  jaeger  regiments  came  from  A'arious  depot  jaeger  battal- 
ions (2d,  4th,  5th,  6th,  and  11th  Corps  Districts). 

VALUE — 1917    estimate. 

The  195th  Division  AAas  sorely  tried  in  Flanders  in  October,  1917.  In  NoA^ember, 
1917,  the  greater  part  of  its  strength  came  from  the  classes  called  during  the  war.  The 
average  age  Avas  25.     It  can  be  classed  as  a  good  diAdsion. 


638      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1918. 
Cambrai. 

1.  The  195 th  Division  left  Alsace,  where  it  had  been  resting  since  its  return  from 
Italy,  the  5th  and  6th  of  February,  and  proceeded  to  \'alenciennes.  On  the  27th 
a  prisoner  was  captured  near  Bullecourt  (northeast  of  Bapaume).  who  stated  that  his 
battalion  had  relieved  another  ])attaliou  of  the  same  regiment  during  the  night  of  the 
25th-26th.  The  195th  Di\ision  had  probaljly  relieved  the  16th  Ba\arian  Division  some 
days  before.  It  was  relieved  liy  the  16th  Bavarian  Division  on  the  2d  of  March.  It 
was  very  probably  trained  in  open  warfare,  but  the  fact  has  not  been  definitely 
established. 

2.  On  the  21st  it  came  back  reenforcing  the  front  near  NoreuU  (northeast  of  Ba- 
paume) .  The  hea^-y  fighting  on  this  front  did  not  come  in  the  first  days  of  the  offensive 
but  a  few  days  later  the  division  was  heavily  engaged,  especially  on  the  28th  and  31st 
near  Bucquoy.  This  represented  an  advance  of  only  a  few  kilometers  gained  at  the 
cost  of  heaw  losses  in  many  attacks.  It  was  relie^-ed  by  the  17th  Division  during  the 
night  of  April  1-2. 

3.  On  the  9th  it  relieved  the  16th  Bavarian  Di^^sion  in  the  Ayette  sector  (northwest 
of  Bapaume).  It  remained  here  fighting  hard  until  relieved  by  the  5th  Bavarian 
Reserve  Division  about  the  24th.  In  this  fighting  the  losses  were  verj^  hea\y,  espe- 
cially in  the  233d  Reserve  Regiment  (the  commander  of  which  was  awarded  Pour  le 
ilerite)  which  was  dissolved  soon  after;  its  place  was  taken  Ijy  the  14th  Jaeger  Regi- 
ment.    It  was  sent  to  the  Cambrai  region  to  rest  and  refit. 

Marne. 

4.  The  first  day  of  the  battle  of  the  Marne — ^July  15 — it  reenforced  the  front  near 
Chatillon  sur  Marne  (northwest  of  Epemay).  It  was  •s\'ithdrawn  early  in  August  and 
went  to  rest  near  Metz. 

St.  Mihiel. 

5.  On  the  14th  of  September,  after  the  line  reached  by  the  American  Fust  Army  had 
stabilized,  the  division  entered  line  in  the  Haumont  sector  (northeast  of  St.  Mihiel). 
It  was  not  heavily  engaged  and  was  withdrawn  about  the  28th. 

Meuse-Arg  onn  e. 

6.  The  division  then  moved  to  the  Champagne  front,  where  it  reenforced  the  front 
in  the  St.  Etienne  k  Arnes  sector  (south  of  Machault)  on  the  6th  of  October.  It  was 
opposed  by  French  troops  until  the  24th ;  after  that  it  was  opposite  the  Americans  on 
account  of  a  readjustment  of  sectors.    It  was  withdrawn  on  the  29th. 

7.  On  the  2d  of  November  it  was  thrown  l)ack  into  line  near  \'errieres  (northwest 
of  Buzancy).  Its  losses  were  so  heavy  in  this  fighting,  and  the  division  was  in  such 
a  state  of  exhaustion,  that  although  the  division  was  still  in  line  on  the  11th  there  were 
rumors  that  it  was  soon  to  be  dissolved. 

value 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  195th  was  rated  a  second-class  division.  Its  conduct  Miieuevor  heavily  engaged 
was  such  as  to  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  it  was  one  of  the  better  divisions  of  that 
class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     Go9 


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640      DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

IIISTO:^Y. 

(273  Reserve  Regiment;  10th  Cor])s  District^ — Hanover  and  Brunswick.  7th  Jaeger; 
12th  and  19th  Corps  Districts — Saxony.  28th  Ersatz;  44th  Coriis  District — Grand 
Duchy  of  Baden.) 

1916. 

The  197th  Di\'asion  was  created  in  August,  1916,  on  the  Eastern  Front  by  the  union 
of  the  follomng  regiments:  (1)  273d  Reserve  Regiment,  formed  out  of  four  battallions 
taken  from  the  362d  Infantr\'  (4th  Ersatz  DiA-ision);  the  368lh  Infantry  (lOlh  Ersatz 
Di\asion);  the  130lh  Reserve  (33d  Reserve)  Di^ision)  which  all  came  from  France. 
(2)  7th  Jaegers  (13th  Battalion  of  Jaegers,  25th  and  26th  Battalions  of  Reserve  Jaegers, 
all  Saxon,  and  also  all  coming  from  France.  (3)  The  32d  Landwehr,  which  had  been 
under  orders  of  the  33d  Di\-ision  in  the  Argonne. 

G  ALICIA. 

1.  As  part  of  the  2d  Austrian  Army  (Boehm-Ermoli),  the  197th  Division  occupied 
m  August  1916  the  Zborow  sector  (northwest  of  Tanaopol)  where  it  met  the  offensive 
carried  on  by  Broussilov.  On  August  10  the  7th  Regiment  of  Jaegers  had  35  officers 
and  1,039  men  out  of  action  (letter). 

2.  In  September  it  was  in  line  to  the  northeast  of  Zalosce  and  to  the  north  of  Zborow 
and  later  in  the  vicinity  of  Zloczow. 

1917. 
Galicia. 

1.  The  197th  Division  stayed  in  this  same  Zloczow  sector  xmtil  July,  1917.  WTiile 
there  it  met  the  Pvussian  attack  of  July  1,  which  reduced  the  strength  of  the  1st  Bat- 
talion of  the  32d  Landwehr  to  160  men  (letter). 

2.  The  di\'ision  participated  in  the  German  counteroffensive  of  July  19  and  advanced 
by  way  of  Zborow  up  to  Husjatin  (August),  where  it  was  relieved  to  go  into  reserve. 

3.  It  went  back  into  line  at  the  beginning  of  September  at  Hlesczawa  (region  of 
Trembowla). 

4.  At  the  begimiing  of  November  the  32d  Landwehr  was  replaced  by  the  28th  Ersatz, 
taken  from  the  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division,  and  originally  from  the  14th  Corps  District 
(Grand  Duchy  of  Baden).  This  replacement  of  a  mediocre  regiment  for  a  good  one 
was  the  prelude  of  preparations  for  a  transfer  to  the  Western  Front. 

RECRUITING. 

This  division  had  a  composite  make-up.  The  7th  Jaegers  was  Saxon;  the  28th 
Ersatz  was  from  Baden;  and  the  273d  was  formed  from  battalions  coming  from  the 
7th,  9th,  and  10th  Corps  District  and  got  its  replacements  in  theory  from  the  10th 
Corps  District. 

value — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  197th  Di\-ision,  coming  from  Galicia,  ap])eare(l  f(ir  the  first  time  on  the  Western 
Front  in  March,  1918.  All  th  emaueuvers  executed  in  the  rear  and  at  rest  in  (.ialicia 
tended  to  accustom  the  ujiits  to  defensive  warfare  methods  (N'erteicUgungskrieg). 
(Interrogation  of  a  prisoner  of  the  273d  Reserve  on  Mar.  13,  1918.) 

This  was  also  true  of  its  stay  in  the  Marchais  region  (February'  1918). 

1918. 
Chateau  Thierry. 

The  division  held  the  quiet  Chemin  des  Dames  sector  until  the  Aisne  offensive  of 
May  27.  Attack  divisions  i)assed  tlirough  the  197th  Dixision,  which  followed  up  the 
attack  in  close  reserve  and  was  engaged  on  May  31  northwest  of  Chateau  Thierrj'.  It 
came  in  for  some  heavy  local  fighting  while  opposite  the  2d  United  States  Division 
near  Veuilly  before  it  was  relieved  on  June  8. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAB.     641 

Verdun. 

2.  It  was  moved  to  Eastern  Champagne,  and  on  June  23  relieved  the  15th  Bavarian 
Division  in  the  Omes  sector.  During  July  the  division  received  drafts.  It  held  this 
sector  ■without  loss  until  about  the  1st  of  August. 

St.  Quentin-Oise. 

3.  On  August  15  the  division  reenforced  the  front  at  Ribecourt.  Until  September 
10  it  was  constantly  engaged  in  the  Noyon  fighting.  After  resting  nine  days  the  divd- 
sion  returned  to  line  north  of  Gricourt,  and  until  October  19  resisted  every  foot  of  the 
way  to  Seboncourt. 

4.  After  the  \\dthdrawal  from  line  the  division  was  broken  up.  The  273d  Reserve 
Regiment  and  the  28th  Ersatz  Regiment  were  disbanded,  while  the  7th  Jaeger  Regi- 
ment passed  ijitact  to  the  241st  Di\dsion. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  heavily  engaged  on  an  active  front 
for  two  months  in  1918  during  which  fighting  it  suffered  so  heavily  in  casualties  and 
morale  that  it  was  dissolved  in  late  October. 

125651°— 20 41 


642     DIVISIO^S'S  OF  GERMAN  All.MY  \\'lilCli  i'AIlTlClPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  TAETICirATED  IN  V/AR.     643 

HISTORY. 

(114th  Regiment:  Htli  Corps  District — Southern  part  of  the  GrandDuchy  of  Baden. 
357th  Regiment:  2d  Corps  District — Pomerania.  237th  Reserve  Regiment:  8th 
Corps  District — Rhine  Pr()\'ince.) 

1916. 

The  199th  Di\TLsinn  was  created  in  August,  1916,  in  the  region  of  Stryj-Ifalicz 
((ialicia),  with  troops  coming  from  the  Western  Front.  Until  the  heginning  of  1917 
its  infantry  was  made  up  as  follows:  The  237th  Reserve  Regiment  (coming  from  the 
52d  Reserve  Division),  the  4th  Bavarian  Reserve  Regiment  (from  the  Bavarian 
Ersatz  Di\-ision),  and  the  9th  Jaegers  (12th  and  13th  Battalions  of  Reserve  Jaegers 
(Saxon)  and  the  8th  Battalion  of  Jaegers). 

G  ALICIA. 

1.  From  the  end  of  August  to  the  beginning  of  November  the  199th  Division  was 
engaged  in  Galicia  (Brzezany,  Ilalicz,  Zlota-Lipa)  and  suffered  hea\^^  losses. 

2 .  About  November  1  the  division  was  transferred  to  th.e  Western  Front.  (Itinerary : 
Lemberg-Cracaw-Breslau-Dresden-Leipzig-Coblenz-Treves-Sedan. )  It  detrained  at 
Dun  and  was  billeted  for  three  weeks  in  the  vicinity  of  Spincourt. 

SOMME. 

3.  Sent  to  the  Champagne  district  at  the  end  of  November  and  then  in  the  Bohain 
region,  it  went  into  line  in  the  Rancourt-Saillizel  sector  (end  of  December). 

1917. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  1917  the  114th  and  357th  replaced  the  4th  Reserve  and  the 
9th  Jaegers. 

SOMME. 

2.  The  199th  Division  stayed  on  the  Rancourt  front  until  ]\larch,  1917. 

IIlNDENBERG   LINE. 

3.  On  !March  27  it  was  identified  to  the  east  of  Longavcsnes;  then  at  Villers-Faucon, 
Lempire,  in  the  new  German  positions  (April). 

Artois. 

4.  Relieved  about  April  20,  it  was  engaged  to  the  southeast  of  Arras  (Wancourt-Vis 
en  Artois-Cherisy)  and  suffered  heavy  losses  (April  27,  May  3). 

5.  Coming  back  to  the  west  of  Catelet  (Hargicourt-Bony)  about  the  middle  of  May, 
it  left  this  line  on  June  8  to  go  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Ostend. 

Belgian  flanders. 

6.  In  the  middle  of  July  it  took  over  the  Nieuport-Lombartzyde  sector,  which  it 
occupied  until  the  beginning  of  August  and  was  at  rest  near  Ostend  from  August  10 
to  the  middle  of  September. 

7.  It  reappeared  in  the  Lombartzyde  sector  until  October  24.  On  November  10 
after  a  short  rest  it  was  put  in  line  to  the  north  of  Passchendaele,  where  it  was  found, 
with  the  exception  of  some  brief  withdrawals  for  rest,  until  February,  1918,  when  it 
went  to  rest  near  Courtrai. 

RECRUrriNO. 

Division  with  composite  elements;  a  regiment  from  Baden  (the  114th,  active),  a 
regiment  from  Pomerania  (the  357th,  growing  out  of  brigade  Ersatz  Battalions),  and 
a  Rhenish  regiment  (the  237th). 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  114th  was  considered  the  best  in  the  division.  The  237th  Reserve  did  not  seem 
to  have  a  very  good  combat  value.  It  did  not  hold  its  ground  when  opposed  by  the 
British  at  Cherisy  (April,  1917).  It  is  said  that  a  compan}^  of  this  regiment  refused  to 
come  out  of  the  trenches  in  the  month  of  July,  1917. 


644      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

1918. 
Battle  op  Picardy. 

1 .  The  division  left  Flanders  at  the  end  of  Fel)ruary  and  trained  in  the  Le  Quesnoy 
area  until  the  middle  of  March;  left  on  the  17th  for  the  l)attle  front.  It  marched  to 
Escaromain,  and  on  the  ISth  to  QuieA^\  On  the  day  before  the  offensive  the  division 
marched  via  Caiidry  to  Tillers  Outreaux.  It  was  not  identified  in  the  fight  until  the 
25th  at  Hardecourt.  The  next  day  it  was  at  Maricourt  wood,  after  which  it  ai)poars 
to  have  been  withdrawn.     On  April  4  it  relieved  the  243d  Division  south  of  Thennes. 

2.  After  its  relief  the  division  marched  by  stages  via  Beaucourt  en  Santerre-Vau\'il- 
lers-Peronne  to  Templeux,  la  Fosse,  where  it  rested  for  a  fortnight.  The  heavy  losses 
incurred  by  the  division  during  its  last  time  in  line  south  of  the  Somme  were  made 
good  chiefly  by  drafts  of  the  1919  class  from  the  depots  at  Warsaw  and  Bruges.  The 
division  contained  a  large  proportion  of  this  class  and  its  fighting  quality  suffered  in 
consequence.  On  the  26th  of  April  the  di\ision  moved  to  Maurepas  and  proceeded 
to  Maricourt  on  the  28th;  from  there  it  marched  into  line  in  the  Morlancourt  sector. 

3.  The  division  held  the  Morlancourt  sector  from  about  May  1  to  16.  It  was 
relieved  by  the  107th  Division  and  rested  in  the  Valenciennes  area  in  June. 

Champagne. 

4.  It  was  engaged  at  Le  Teton  on  July  15  and  held  a  sector  in  that  area  until  the 
end  of  the  month. 

Rheims. 

5.  On  August  3  it  reenforced  the  battle  front  at  Sapicourt  west  of  Rheims.  It  was 
engaged  in  that  area  except  for  a  week's  rest  until  the  end  of  September. 

6.  After  October  1  the  division  was  engaged  in  Champagne  in  the  region  of  Orfeuil. 
It  contested  hotly  the  advance  through  Vaudy  and  Vouziers  until  its  relief  in  late 
October.  It  rested  but  a  few  days  out  of  line  and  after  November  3  was  engaged  at 
St.  Lambert,  Roix-Terron,  and  Dom  le  Mesnil  (Nov.  10). 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second-class.  It  was  used  as  an  attack  division  in  March 
and  did  well.  Thereafter  it  saw  almost  constant  service  in  resisting  allied  pushes. 
In  October's  fighting  it  was  frequently  spoken  of  by  the  German  official  communique. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEFilMAX  ATtMY  WTTirH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     G45 


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646      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAPt. 

HISTORY. 

1916. 
Carpathian  Mountains. 

1.  The  200tli  Division,  composed  of  three  regiments  of  Jaegers,  wa.s  formed  in  July, 
1916,  in  Galicia  with  the  3rd  Jaeger  Regiment  (4  batallions  equipped  ^\ith  skiis) 
coming  from  the  Alpine  Corps,  with  the  4th  Jaegers  (11th  Battalion  of  Jaegers,  5th  and 
6th  Battalions  of  Reserve  Jaegers,  and  with  the  5th  Jaegers  (17th,  18th,  and  23d 
Battalions. of  Reserve  Jaegers). 

BUKOVINA. 

The  200th  Division,  together  with  the  1st  Division,  formed  the  Carpathian  Corps. 
The  division  took  part  in  the  connteroffensivc  in  the  Carpathians  against  the  Rus- 
sians and  beginning  in  vSeptember  1,  1910,  occupied  a  sector  to  the  north  of  Mont 

Tomnatik  (r>ukovina.) 

1917. 

BUKOVINA. 

1.  The  200th  Di\dsion  stayed  in  the  same  part  of  the  Carpathians  (south  of  Mt. 
Pnevie-Mt.  Tomnatik)  until  July,  1917.  At  tliis  time  it  took  part  in  the  offen.sive 
waged  iu  Bukovina  and  took  a  position  Jiorth  of  the  Sereth.  It  was  kept  here  until 
September. 

2.  At  the  end  of  September  the  200th  Division  was  entrained  for  Italy.  Its  itin- 
erary to  Vienna  was  Kolomea-Lemberg-Cracaw. 

Italy. 

3.  Detraining  in  the  ^dcinity  of  Laibach,  it  went  toward  the  Italian  frontier,  where 
it  took  about  15  days'  rest.  On  October  22  it  drew  near  the  Italian  frontier  and  on  the 
24th  was  engaged  in  the  offensive  on  the  Isonzo  and  advanced  by  way  of  ( 'ividale  and 
Udine,  where  it  fought  the  Italian  rear  guards  (Oct.  28-30).  It  reached  Codroipo 
about  November  3  and  Quero  on  the  Piave  the  23d. 

Mont  Tomba. 

4.  After  a  short  period  of  rest  it  was  again  sent  to  the  Mont  Tomba  region  in  De- 
cember. 

RECRUITING. 

The  200th  Di\'ision  had  recruits  from  the  various  mountainous  districts  of  the  em- 
pire— ^Upper  Silesia,  Harz,  Black  Forest,  etc. — wliich  gave  it  a  certain  character  in 
spite  of  the  different  sources  of  its  recruiting. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Composed  of  young  and  ^dgorous  men  with  high  morale,  the  200tli  was  one  of  the 
best  divisions  in  the  German  Army  (1918). 

1918. 
France. 

1.  After  having  suffered  heavy  losses,  the  200th  Di^dsion  was  withdrawn  about 
the  1st  of  January',  and  went  to  rest  for  about  a  month  southeast  of  Bellune.  Early 
in  February,  it  entrained  at  Santa  Lucia  and  traveled  Ada  Rosenheim-Munich- 
Ulm-Freiburg-Colmar.  It  detrained  atBening  and  went  to  rest  and  to  be  trained  for 
about  three  weeks  in  the  vicinity  of  St.  Avoid. 

Montdtdier. 

2.  The  division  entrained  near  Marsal  (southwest  of  Dieuze)  on  the  26th  of  March 
and,  traveling  via  Thionville-I..uxemburg-Namur,  detrained  at  Cambrai  two  days 
later.  It  rested  in  the  caserne  here  until  the  31st,  when  it  marched  to  Peronne, 
where  it  remained  iu  the  English  barracks  the  2d  and  3d  of  April,  when  it  marched 
via  Guillaucourt  to  Moreuil  (northwest  of  Montdidier).  During  the  night  of  the 
7th-8th  it  relieved  the  14th  Divdsiou  west  of  Moreuil.     It  was  relieved  on  May  14  by 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     647 

the  192d  Division.  It  was  reported  near  Quesnoy  the  end  of  [May  and  in  the  Le 
Cateau  re<ijion  early  in  June.  Men  of  one  of  its  regiments  were  reported  as  lia\'ing 
been  seen  near  Fere  en  Tardenois  on  the  3d  of  June.  Again,  parts  of  the  division 
were  reported  near  Cautlry  an<l  Cliateau  Tliierry  during  Jime. 

Marne. 

3.  On  the  15th  of  July  the  division  attacked  west  of  Dormans.  It  crossed  the 
Marne  at  Sailly,  and  was  identified  at  Chapelle  Monthod  on  the  following  day.  In 
this  fighting,  the  division  suffered  very  heavy  losses.  The  colonel  and  all  the  bat- 
talion commanders  of  the  3r(l  Jaeger  Regiment  were  lost.  It  was  withdrawn  from  line 
o!v  the  21st. 

4.  During  the  night  of  the  2(jth-27th  it  came  back  into  line  near  Roncheres  (north 
of  Dormans),  its  mission  being  to  cover  the  retreat  between  Sergy  and  the  Meuniere 
wood.  It  wa.s  withdrawn  about  the  3d  of  August  and  went  to  the  Sedan  area,  where 
it  rested  for  a  fortnight. 

5.  During  the  night  of  the  22d-23d  the  division  relieved  the  22d  Reserve  Division 
northwest  of  Souain.  In  the  heavy  fighting  that  followed  the  division  lost  hea\-ily. 
It  wa  i  driven  bac-k  to  St.  Etienne  a  Arnes,  where  it  was  relieved  by  the  195th  Division 
on  the  Gth  of  October. 

Wassigny. 

6.  The  division  then  moved  by  easy  stages,  with  frequent  halts,  via  Rozoy- 
Montcomet-Origny-Escaupont-Le  Nouvion-Beaurepaire-Barzy.  During  the  night 
of  October  22-23  it  relie\ed  the  5th  Reserve  Division  near  Oisy  (east  of  Wassigny). 
It  had  not  been  withdrawn  on  the  11th  of  November. 

VALUE — 191S   ESTIMATE. 

The  200th  was  rated  as  a  second-class  di\asion.  Composed  of  Jaeger  units,  which 
are  good  fighters,  it  distinguished  itself  in  the  East  and  in  Italy,  and  did  well  in  the 
heavy  fighting  it  was  called  upon  to  do  0!i  the  Western  Front,  though  not  brilliantly. 
It  waa  one  of  the  best  of  the  second-class  divisions. 


048      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AI^iMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     G49 

HISTORY. 

(40l8t  Regiment;  20th  Corps  District.     402d  Regiment;  17th  Corps  District.     403d 
Regiment,  5th  Corps  District.) 

1916. 

The  201st  is  one  of  a  series  of  divisions  (numbered  201-204)  created  at  the  beginning 
of  July,  1916,  at  the  time  of  the  Russian  offensive  conducted  by  Broussilov. 

The  201st  Di\'ision  was  formed  out  of  recruits  obtained  from  depots  in  the  5th,  17th 
and  20th  Corps  Districts.  The  Allenstein  (401st)  Regiment  and  the  Danzig  (402d) 
Regiment  came  from  the  Arys  cantonment.  The  Glogau  (403d)  Regiment  and  the 
Posen  (404th)  came  from  the  Warthe  cantonment.  Men  taken  from  the  front,  con- 
valescents from  depots  and  a  majority  of  young  men  from  the  class  of  1917  made  up 
the  initial  strength,  which  was  230  to  240  men  per  company. 
Russia. 

1.  As  soon  as  formed  the  division  occupied  a  sector  on  the  Russian  front  (north  of 
Barano-vdtchi)  and  stayed  there  from  the  beginning  of  July,  1916,  to  the  beginning  of 
December,  1917.  During  this  period  it  only  took  part  in  two  local  actions  (November, 
1916,  and  November,  1917). 

1917. 

1.  The  404th  Infantry  was  taken  away  from  this  di\ision  in  the  beginning  of  1917 
and  was  joined  to  the  divisions  in  the  neighborhood  (the  18th  Landwehr  Division  and 
later  the  4th  Landwehr  Division). 

Russi.\-France. 

2.  At  the  end  of  November,  1917,  the  201st  Division  was  relieved,  reassembled  at 
Barano\T.tchi,  and  entrained  for  the  Western  Front.     (Itinerary:  Baranoiitchi-Brest- 
Litowsk-Warsaw-Chemnitz-Nuerenberg-Heilbronn-Rastatt-Sarreguemines. 
Lorraine. 

3.  Beginning  on  December  15,  elements  of  the  201st  Di\dsion  were  put  in  line  on 
the  right  bank  of  the  Moselle  opposite  the  Xoii  (northeast  of  Pont  a  Mousson). 

RECRUITING. 

The  eastern  Provinces  of  the  Empire. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  201st  Division  was  composed  to  the  extent  of  at  least  one-half  of  young  and 
vigorous  men.  It  had  not  been  exhausted  physically  and  had  in  no  way  lost  its  morale. 
Fraternization  did  not  lessen  its  morale,  but  rather  raised  it  on  account  of  their  belief 
that  war  could  be  terminated  on  the  Western  Front  by  an  easy  victory  after  peace  was 
concluded  with  Russia. 

Since  its  return  from  Russia  its  regiments  had  undergone  an  intensive  training  in 
trench  and  open  warfare  (February,  1918). 

1918. 

WOEVRE. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Apremont  sector  (southeast  of  St.  Mihiel)  until  the  end  of 
May,  when  it  was  withdrawn.  It  rested  and  trained  in  the  WoevTe  (Sponville)  until 
Jime  9.  It  entrained  at  Mars  la  Tour  and  moved  to  Laon  via  Sedan  and  Liart.  From 
there  it  marched  to  the  Marne  front  through  Vailly-Lannoy-Brecy. 

Battle  of  the  Marne. 

2.  It  was  in  line  on  the  Chateau  Thierrj^-^'aux  sector  from  June  15  to  the  end  of 
July.  In  the  attacks  of  late  July  the  division  was  hit  hard.  It  was  thi'own  back  on 
Bezu-St.  Germain,  Beuvardes,  Pere  en  Tardenois  and  relieved  about  July  30. 


650      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTT("IPATED  IN  WAR. 

3.  The  dixision  was  moved  to  the  Argonne  in  early  August  and  about  the  10th 
entered  the  Vacquois  sector,  which  it  held  until  the  end  of  the  month. 

Battle  ok  the  Somme. 

4.  It  returned  to  the  Somme  area  and  on  the  night  of  SeptemLer  G-7  relieved  the 
6th  Cavalry  Division  northeast  of  Fins.  Until  the  28th  it  was  engaged  at  Fins,  Ilendi- 
court,  Gouzeaucourt,  Villers,  and  Guislan.  Losses  were  very  heavy,  including  2,200 
prisoners. 

C.\MBRESIS. 

5.  After  a  week's  rest,  the  dixdsion  reentered  line  south  of  Cambrai  on  Ort<iber  5 
and  fought  in  this  region  until  the  15th.     Here  it  lost  another  650  prisoners. 

6.  As  a  result  of  these  extraordinary  losses  the  di\dsion  was  dissolved  at  Maubeuge 
on  October  22. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Its  losses  were  im usually  heavy  in  priscmers 
whenever  it  was  engaged  in  an  active  front.  When  it  was  dissolved  its  effectives 
numbered  less  than  1,000  rifles. 


DIVISIONC  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     G51 


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HISTORY. 
(408th  Regiment:  Guard.    411th  and  412th  Regiments :  lOth.Corps  District — Hanover. ) 

lOlfi. 

The  202d  Division  was  formed  iu  October,  1916,  in  the  Lockstedt  cantonment 
(9th  Corps  District,  Altona').     The  405th  and  the  406th  were  organized  at  the  Lock- 
stedt cantonment,  the  407th  at  the  Altengrabow  cantonment,  and  the  408th  comes 
from  Guard  depots. 
Russia. 

1.  In  the  course  of  October,  1916,  the  202d  Di\ision  was  sent  to  the  Russian  front. 
Its  organization  was  changed;  it  gave  up  the  405th  to  the  203d  Di\dsion,  the  406th 
and  the  407th  to  the  205th  Division.  It  was  at  this  time  composed  of  the  408th  and 
two  regiments  received  from  the  203d  Division,  the  411th  and  the  412th  (Hanover), 
which  were  formed  at  the  Munster  cantonment  as  "coast-defense  regiments." 

COURLAND. 

2.  In  December,  1916,  the  202d  Division  was  identified  in  the  region  of  Riga. 

1917. 

1.  In  March,  1917,  and  until  the  end  of  August,  1917,  the  202d  Division  occupied 
in  Courland  a  sector  in  the  vicinity  of  Toukkoum. 

Riga. 

2.  In  the  middle  of  September  it  was  at  the  east  of  Riga.  It  was  also  identified 
at  Riga  on  October  29. 

3.  In  November  the  202d  Division  was  entrained  for  the  Western  Front.  (Itinerary: 
Riga-Mitau-Insterburg-Koenigsberg-Thorn  (408th  )-Schneidemuehl-Posen-Leipzig- 
Halle-Frankfort  on  the  Main-Sarrebrueck-Sarreguemines. )  It  detrained  at  Dieuze  on 
November  20. 

Lorraine. 

4.  The  division  stayed  in  the  rear  of  the  front  in  the  vicinity  of  Dieuze  until  the 
middle  of  January,  1918  (six  weeks'  training). 

RECRUITING. 

The  408th  Regiment  was  built  up  out  of  depots  of  the  Guard  and  was  recruited 
from  all  sections  of  Prussia.  The  411th  and  412th  were  theoretically  from  Hanover, 
with  some  recruits  furnished  by  the  9th  Corps  District. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Lorraine  sector  until  May  19,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the 
3d  Guard  Division.  It  entrained  near  Moyenvic  on  May  19  and  traveled  via  Metz- 
Spincourt-Longuyon-Sedan-Charleville-Marle  to  Flavy  le  Martel,  where  it  detrained 
on  May  21 . 

OlSE. 

2.  On  the  night  of  May  22-23  it  relieved  the  11th  Division  west  of  Noyon.  It  was 
in  line  when  the  attack  of  June  was  made  and  advanced  by  Orval  as  far  as  Bethen- 
court.  Here  it  remained  in  sector  until  about  July  10,  when  it  exchanged  sectors 
with  the  105th  Division  at  Autreches.  In  this  area  it  was  struck  by  the  Allied  attack 
in  mid-.\ugust  and  forced  back  on  Audignicourt.  The  losses  were  very  heavy, 
including  2,000  prisoners.     It  was  relieved  on  August  27. 

3.  The  division  was  railed  to  the  vicinity  of  Vouziers  after  its  relief  in  line.  While 
resting  at  Sugny  (Sept.  2-12)  it  was  re-formed.  The  412th  Regiment  was  dissolved 
and  its  effectives  distributed  between  the  408th  and  411th  Regiments.     The  97th 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     653 

Regiment,  from  the  dissolved  108th  Di\'i8ion,  replaced  the  412th  Regiment  in  the 
division. 

4.  It  was  engaged  in  Champagne  near  Maisons  de  Champagne  from  September  12 
to  24.  After  that  it  was  in  close  support  of  the  42d  Division  until  the  27th,  when  it 
reentered  line  at  Fontaine  les  Dormois.  Until  October  10  the  division  saw  hea\^ 
fighting  about  Mause  and  Challerauge.  It  lost  very  hea\'ily,  including  more  than 
800  prisoners. 

5.  The  division  rested  from  October  11  to  21.  It  was  reengaged  southeast  of  Vou- 
ziers  (near  Falaise)  on  the  2Ist,  and  after  the  1st  of  November  retreated  by  way  of 
liongwe  (2d),  Boult  aix  Bois  (34d)  to  the  Meuse  (8th). 

When  it  appeared  opposite  the  United  States  front  on  November  3,  the  division  had 
been  completely  shattered.  The  411th  Regiment,  for  instance,  had  only  three  com- 
panies each  with  a  rifle  strength  of  100  to  110  men. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  thii-d  class.  After  the  Itattle  in  eastern  Champagne  in 
late  September  the  division  could  be  regarded  aa  destroyed. 


654      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     655 

HISTORY. 

(406th  Regiment;    3d  Corps   District — Brandenburg.     409th  and  410th  Regiments; 
9th  Corps  District — Schleswig-Holstein.) 

191fi. 

The  20.Sd  Di-\-ision  was  formed  in  Germany  (September,  1916)  and  trained  at  the 
Lockstedt  cantonment  (a  great  many  men  from  the  class  of  1917;  also  men  pre%'iou8ly 
wounded  or  sick  and  men  taken  from  units  at  the  front). 

CoURLANT). 

1 .  On  October  20  the  303d  Division  took  over  a  sector  on  the  Dvina  (region  north  of 
Dvinsk.) 

1917. 
Riga. 

1.  The  division  stayed  on  the  D\'ina  until  September,  1917.  It  participated  in 
the  offensive  on  the  Riga  and  fought  to  the  north  of  Friedrichstadt. 

2.  After  the  taking  of  the  town  the  203d  Division  occupied  a  sector  at  GrenjTi. 
Favored  by  calm  conditions,  it  gave  up  men  to  the  75th  Reserve  Division,  which  was 
preparing  to  go  to  France.  On  December  8  it  was  billeted  in  Riga.  About  December 
18  the  405th  Regiment  left  the  Division  and  was  replaced  by  the  406th,  coming  from 
the  205th  Division.  In  the  meanwhile  the  division  had  brought  up  its  strength 
by  obtaining  men  from  the  332d  Infantry,  which  did  not  intend  to  leave  until  March, 
1918  (with  the  77th  Reserve  Di^^sion). 

France. 

3.  At  the  end  of  December  the  203d  Division  entrained  for  the  Western  Front. 
The  410th  left  Riga  on  the  26th.  (Itinerary:  Eydtkuhnen-Koenigsberg-Schneide- 
muehl-Berlin-Giessen-Coblenz-Treves-Thion\'ille-CharleviIle.)  It  detrained  at 
Tournes  in  the  night  of  January  1-2,  1918. 

RECRUITING. 

The  406th  recruits  in  Brandenburg,  Schleswig-Holstein,  and,  to  a  lesser  extent,  Han- 
over and  the  Hanseatic  cities;  furnished  the  recruits  for  the  409th  and  the  410th. 
The  changes  effected  in  the  personnel  during  the  last  part  of  the  stay  on  the  Russian 
front  left  these  units  fairly  heterogeneous 

value — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  offensive  value  of  the  203d  DiAdsion  in  February,  1918,  was  only  mediocre. 
Before  lea\-ing  for  the  Western  Front  the  405th,  which  was  to  have  remained  in  (hardly 
glorious)  Russia,  chanfjed  all  its  young  men  for  the  older  men  in  the  other  two  regiments. 
The  203d  was  said  to  have  played  a  part  in  the  Riga  offensive.  Gen.  von  Luettwitz 
commanding  the  division,  was  said  to  have  been  relieved  of  his  command  a  short  time 
thereafter. 

1918. 
Battle  of  Reims. 

The  di\'ision  continued  to  hold  the  sector  east  of  Reims  (near  Beine)  until  the 
German  offensive  of  July  15.  It  attacked  west  of  Prunay  and  penetrated  as  far  as  the 
Yesle.  In  front  of  Beaumont  it  lost  very  hea^•ily.  After  the  failure  of  the  attack 
the  division  held  the  sector  from  Prunay  to  east  of  Les  Marquises  until  August  30, 
when  it  was  relieved  by  the  9th  Division. 
Champagne. 

2.  It  rested  near  Laon  until  October  1,  ,vhen  it  was  reengaged  in  Champagne  be- 
tween Orfeuil  and  Marvaux.  In  8  days  of  evere  fighting  it  lost  very  heavily  and  was 
obliged  to  retire  from  line. 


65G      DIVISIONS  OF  GEIIMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAr/nCIPATED  IN  WAR. 

3.  The  division  was  in  army  leserAe  until  October  15,  after  which  it  was  engaged 
southeast  of  Vouziers  near  Olizy  and  Kalaise.  On  November  1  it  was  opposite  the 
American  front  and  took  part  in  the  final  retreat  of  the  Meuse  at  Mohon. 

VATjUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  By  the  end  of  hostilities  the  division  was 
decimated  and  completely  exhausted. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     G57 


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658     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(13th  Corps  District — Wurttemberg.) 

1916. 

The  201th  T'>i\-ision  was  formed  in  Germany  in  .Tune  and  July,  1010.  Its  original 
composition  was  the  lOTth  Brigade  (413th  and  41  Mh  Infantry,  13th  Corps  District, 
Wiirtteml)erg)  and  the  408th  Brigade  (415th  and  416th  Infantry,  12th  and  lOth  Corps 
Districts,  Saxony). 

1.  The  two  brigades,  which  had  respectively  l)een  trained  at  the  Muensingon 
cantonment  in  Wurttemberg  (the  407th)  and  at  Neuhanmior  (the  408th),  were  brought 
together  at  the  end  of  July,  1916.  The  division  was  then  sent  to  Belgium.  It 
detrained  at  Cortemarck  on  July  27. 

P^ANDERS. 

2.  Almost  immediately  put  in  line,  the  204th  occupied  the  Dixmude-Bi.xschoote 
sector  until  October  1  and  then  the  Ypres  salient  (southeast).  At  the  ejul  of  ]f)16 
the  415th  and  the  14()th  Infantry  were  taken  from  the  front  and  transferred  to  the 
212th  Di\dsion  and  replaced  by  the  120th  Reserve  Infantry  (Wurttemberg),  coming 
from  the  58th  Division. 

1917. 

1.  After  four  weeks'  rest  in  the  region  of  Ghent  in  February,  1!)17,  the  division 
came  back  to  the  sector  at  the  southeast  of  Ypres. 

2.  It  was  relieved  on  June  10,  three  da/s  after  the  British  attack  against  the 
heights  of  Wytschaete-Messincs.  The  di\'ision  was  only  partially  sul)jected  to  this 
attack,  but  suffered  some  losses  during  the  artillery  preparation. 

Alsace. 

3.  After  having  been  at  rest  at  Gheluvelt  on  about  June  20,  the  204th  Division 
was  transferred  to  the  vicinity  of  Sarreberg,  then  on  July  8  to  the  west  of  Basle,  where 
it  remained  until  July  20.  From  July  20  until  August  15  it  held  a  sector  in  Upper 
Alsace  (north  of  the  Rhone-Rhine  Canal). 

Flanders. 

4.  Again  sent  to  Belgitmi,  it  went  into  line  to  the  north  of  St.  Julien,  southeast  of 
Poelcappelle,  at  the  end  of  August.     No  imjxirtant  engagement. 

Cambresis. 

5.  Relieved  from  the  Ypres  front  on  September  13,  it  took  over  a  sector  near  Cambrai 
(Boursies-Demicourt;  Sept.  24-Nov.  13). 

Flanders. 

6.  Relieved  about  the  middle  of  November,  it  went  back  to  Flanders,  where  it 
alternated  with  the  58th  Division  to  the  north  of  Poelcai)pelle  until  the  end  of 
I'^ebruary. 

recruitinc. 

The  division  has  been  entirely  made  up  of  \\'mtt('mberg  recruits  since  December, 
1016. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Fairly  good  division. 

1918. 

1.  After  its  relief  northeast  of  Poelcappelles  on  Fol)ruary  28.  Iho  division  rested 
near  Tjille  until  March  21.  Flements  of  the  division  wore  in  line  at  Fronielles  on 
March  9  and  others  participated  in  a  raid  ((he  13th)  in  the  Boutillerie  sector. 

2.  The  division  left  the  lille  area  on  March  21  and  marched  in  stages  to  Douai, 
arriving  there  on  the  27th.  It  was  in  support  northwest  of  Vitry  en  Artois  on  the 
29th.  On  the  30th  it  marched  toward  the  liattle  front  south  of  the  Somme  via  Inchy- 
Peronne  (Apr.  1).  Assevillers,  Rosieres,  south  of  Moreuil. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHItlH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     659 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

3.  It  was  engaged  in  the  Braches-Sauvillers  sector  from  April  1  to  May  11.  It 
was  relie^'ed  liy  an  extension  of  the  front  of  the  neighboring  divisions  and  retired 
to  rest  and  train  near  Chaulnes  until  June  5. 

Battle  of  the  Oise. 

4.  The  di\dsion  left  Chaulnes  about  June  5  and  marched  in  three  days  to  the 
Lassigny-Noyon  front.  It  advanced  in  reserve  on  the  9th  by  Gury-Mareuil-Lamotte. 
It  was  engaged  south  of  Bibecourt  near  Bethancourt  until  the  12th.  From  the  13tli 
to  the  18th  the  division  was  in  reserve.  It  was  reengaged  on  the  night  of  the  18th- 
19th  and  held  the  sector  of  Vignemont-Antheuil  until  the  1st  of  August,  when  it  was 
relieved  by  the  54th  Division. 

Third  Battle  of  the  Somme. 

5.  It  rested  in  the  suburbs  of  Lassigny  until  August  8.  It  then  marched  to  Damery, 
arriving  there  on  the  10th  and  immediately  entering  line.  In  the  next  week  the 
division  was  thrown  back  by  Damery,  Villery  lea  Roye  to  Goyencourt.  The  division 
suffered  heavy  losses,  including  about  370  prisoners  near  Roye. 

LoRRAIxNTE. 

6.  The  division  was  railed  to  Lorraine  and  rested  near  Blamont  during  September. 
Drafts  amounting  to  about  700  men  were  incorporated  in  the  division  in  mid-Sep- 
tember. 

7.  The  division  left  Lorraine  on  October  5  and  detrained  at  Bertry  on  the  7th. 
It  was  engaged  on  October  8  east  of  Catelet,  and  in  the  next  10  days  fell  back  through 
Cremont,  !Maretz,  Sains,  Souplet,  Catillon.  Its  heavy  losses,  including  1,200  pris- 
oners, led  to  its  withdrawal  on  October  18. 

8.  On  October  22-23  the  division  was  reengaged  southeast  of  Le  Cateau.  It  held 
there  until  the  breakdown  of  the  line  on  November  5.  Thereafter  it  fell  back  on 
Maubeuge,  through  Favril,  Limont,  Fontaine. 

value — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Before  the  attack  of  August  it  had  about 
2,700  rifles.     The  losses  in  August  had  a  depressing  effect  on  the  morale  of  the  troops. 


660     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHUMi  PAKTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     G61 

HISTORY. 

(405th,  (?) 407th:  4thDistrict—Pni8sian  Saxony.)     (439th:  15th  District— Alsace.) 

1910. 

The  205th  Division  was  organized  at  the  end  of  191C,  partly  from  new  regiments 
formed  in  the  interior,  partly  from  regiments  taken  from  the  zone  of  the  armies  on  the 
Eastern  Front. 
Russia. 

1.  The  end  of  November,  1910,  the  division  was  reported  behind  the  front  (region 
northeast  of  Vilna).  At  that  time  it  comprised  the  40Glh  and  407th  Infantrj^,  taken 
from  the  202d  Division,  and  the  439th  Infantry  formed  in  the  region  of  Vilna.  With 
the  22fith  Division  next  to  it,  it  belonged  to  the  reenforced  3d  Reserve  Corps  (10th 
Army). 

1917. 

COURLAND. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  division  was  in  line  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Aa  (Courland). 
The  407th  Infantry  lost  heavily  in  January  and  February. 

2.  The  division  then  occupied  the  front  east  of  Kalzeen  (region  of  Mitau)  from  April 
to  September, 

3.  In  October  it  was  identified  north  of  Lake  I>obe.  During  the  last  three  months 
of  1917  many  men  were  taken  from  this  division  for  the  Western  Front.  In  this 
manner  it  sent  men  to  the  47th  Reserve  Division  in  April,  to  the  14th  Division  at  the 
end  of  October,  and  to  the  75th  Reserve  Division  (before  it  left)  in  Noveml)er. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  from  its  origin  was  of  a  very  mixed  composition.  This  diversity 
increased  following  the  many  drafts  taken  from  it  in  1917  and  the  diversity  of  origin 
of  the  men  sent  in  exchange. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

On  the  Russian  front  since  its  organization. 
Fighting  A'alue  mediocre. 

1918. 
Courland. 

1.  In  February  the  205th  Division  was  to  the  southeast  of  Riga. 

2.  In  April  it  was  in  Livonia  near  Walk.  About  this  time  the  commanding  general 
was  decorated.  Toward  the  l)eginning  of  June  the  division  was  identified  in  the 
Narva  region,  where  it  remained  until  the'  end  of  the  war,  'wdth  the  exception  of  the 
439th  Regiment,  which  was  transferred  to  the  94th  Division  about  the  middle  of 
September. 

VALUE 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  third  class. 


662     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     663 

HISTORY. 

(359th  Infantry:  3d  District— Brandenberg.     394tli  Infantry:    9th  District— Schles- 
wig-Holstein.     4th  Reserve  Ersatz:  10th  Distidct — Hanover.) 

1916. 

The  206th  Division  was  organized  in  Belgium  at  the  beginning  of  1916  It  was 
composed  of  three  infantry  regiments — the  359th  (9th,  lOtli,  and  120th  Brigade  Ersatz 
Battalions),  the  394th,  composed  of  men  taken  from  the  17th  Reserve  DiWsion,  and 
the  4th  Reserve  Ersatz  (30th,  37th,  and  38th  Reserve  Brigade  Ersatz  Battalions). 

SOMME. 

1.  After  holding  for  some  time  in  September  the  sector  of  Dixmude  (359th),  the 
division  was  sent  to  the  Somme  in  October,  where  it  was  engaged  at  four  different 
times  (region  of  Peronne,  La  Maisonnette,  and  \'icinity  of  Marchelepot)  and  suffered 
hea\y  losses. 

Alsace. 

2.  Relieved  November  25  and  entrained  near  St.  Quentin  for  Alsace.  Took  over 
the  sector  of  Ban  de  Sapt  until  the  beginning  of  January,  1917. 

1917. 
Lorraine. 

1.  Sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Chateau  Salins  and  went  into  line  about  the  middle  of 
February,  1917,  between  the  forest  of  Bezange  and  Leintrey.  Remained  there  until 
April  20. 

Chemin  des  Dames. 

2.  Sent  to  the  Laonnois,  where  it  was  stationed  near  Mont  Cornet  from  April  22  to 
30,  then  at  Laon  from  April  30  to  May  4.  Then  went  to  the  Chemin  des  Dames 
(Laffaux,  west  of  the  Oise-Aisne  Canal).  Relieved  June  10,  after  suffering  very  heavy 
losses. 

Lorraine. 

3.  After  a  month's  rest  in  Lorraine  at  Blamont-Sarrebourg,  the  division  was  in 
reserve  about  the  middle  of  July  in  the  region  of  Romagne-Montfaucon. 

Hill  304. 

4.  At  the  end  of  July  it  took  over  the  .sector  of  Hill  304-Pommerieux,  where  its  losses 
were  very  heavy  during  the  French  attack  of  August  20  (1,074  prisoners).  Relieved 
in  liaste  two  days  after  this  attack  and  sent  to  rest  beliind  the  Reims  front  imtil  the 
middle  of  September,  and  received  about  1,000  replacements  taken  from  the  Russian 
front. 

Reims. 

5.  The  division  then  held  the  Berru-Cernay  sector,  where  it  did  not  take  part  in  any 
important  operations  (middle  of  September  to  Nov.  24). 

St.  Quentin. 

6.  About  November  28  sent  to  the  St.  Quentin  front  (Pontruet  sector). 

recruiting. 

"Regiments  from  Hanover,  Schleswig-Holstein,  and  Brandenburg,"  according  to  a 
German  communique  which  designated  in  this  fashion  the  4th  Reserve  Ersatz,  the 
394th  Infantry,  and  the  359th  Infantry. 

value — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  di^^sion  attacked  energetically  May  24,  1917,  at  the  Panth6on,  and  June  6  at 
La  Royere.  Composed  of  men  from  the  active  army,  the  reserve  and  the  Ersatz.  It 
is  a  good  division.  Its  three  regiments  gave  proof  of  good  lighting  qualities  during  the 
many  local  attacks  at  the  Chemin  des  Dames. 


6G4     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTlCirATED  IN  WAR. 

It  should,  however,  be  noted  that  in  front  of  Verdun  the  division  did  not  offer  any 
resistance  to  tlie  French  attack  of  August  20,  1917.  As  early  as  August  14  two  regi- 
ments of  tliis  division  had  already  had  100  deserters. 

The  sanitary  conditions  of  tliis  di\'ision  were  bad  at  this  period  (many  cases  of 

dj'^sentery). 

1918. 

1.  The  206th  Division  was  withdrawn  from  line  in  the  sector  northwest  of  St. 
Quentin  early  in  February,  and  went  to  rest  in  the  region  of  Fresnoy  le  Grand.  After 
a  short  stay  here  it  moved  to  the  Fourmies  area,  where  it  received  intensive  training 
in  open  warfare. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  On  March  IG  the  division  began  marching  toward  the  front  \ia  Wassigny-Fresnoj^ 
le  Grand-Fonsommes-Fontaine  Uterte.  On  the  20th  it  rested  in  the  Hindenljurg 
Third  Line.  On  the  22d  it  started  out  again  via  Lesdins-Fayet,  crossed  the  old  front 
lines  northwest  of  St.  Quentin,  and  spent  the  night  in  the  former  British  lines  in  the 
Ilolnon  wood.  The  following  day  it  marched  to  Martigny,  where  it  spent  the  night 
in  tents.  On  the  24th  it  crossed  the  canal;  the  4th  Reserve  Regiment  encamped  at 
Voyennes;  the  394th  Regiment  marched  to  Bethencourt  and  attacked  along  the  canal 
without  suffering  heavy  losses.  On  the  26th,  the  394th  proceeded  by  Damery  and 
Andechy  without  being  engaged;  the  359th  was  engaged  at  Guerbigny,  and  the  4th 
Ersatz  reached  the  former  German  trtoches  near  Roye.  During  the  night  of  the 
27th-28th  the  division  entered  Montdidier.  The  28th,  the  4th  Ersatz  was  engaged  at 
Mesnil-St.  Georges,  lea\ing  many  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  French.  On  the  30th 
the  division  attacked  at  Fontaine  sous  Montdidier.  It  was  relieved  during  the  night 
of  the  12th-13th  of  April  by  the  6th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division  and  went  to  rest  in  the 
region  of  Gruny,  Sept- Fours  and  Languevoisin.     Here  it  was  reconstituted. 

3.  During  the  night  of  the  14th-15tli  it  relieved  the  45th  Reserve  Di\ision  near 
Assainvillers  (southeast  of  Montdidier).  It  was  relieved  by  the  222d  Division  on  May 
9,  and  was  sent  to  the  Nesles,  where  it  was  identified  on  the  26th.  Three  daj's  later 
it  received  700  replacements  from  its  depot.  It  was  also  trained  during  the  period 
spent  here.  Toward  the  end  of  May  it  came  to  the  \'icinity  of  Baboeuf  (east  of  Noyon) ; 
eight  days  later  it  was  near  Bussy;  then  on  June  8  in  the  Boulogne  area. 

OlSE. 

4.  On  the  11th  of  Jime  it  came  into  line  reenforcing  the  19th  Division  near  Belloy 
(southeast  of  Montdidier).  It  was  still  in  line  at  the  time  of  the  attack  of  August  8, 
during  the  course  of  which  it  was  forced  back  with  heavy  losses  as  far  as  Boulogne  le 
Grasse.     It  was  withdrawn  near  here  on  the  15th. 

5.  After  a  brief  rest  it  came  back  into  line  on  the  22d  near  Pontoise  (southeast  of 
Noyon).     It  was  withdrawn  on  the  30th. 

6.  On  the  6th  of  September  it  came  back  into  line  near  Fresnes  (south  of  Peronne). 
It  was  relieved  by  the  105th  Division  on  the  20th. 

Cambrai. 

7.  On  the  3d  of  October  it  relieved  the  3d  Naval  Di\Tsion,  north  of  Rumilly  (south 
of  Cambrai).  From  the  8th  until  the  division  was  withdrawn  (about  the  11th)  it  was 
heavily  engaged  and  severely  punished,  losing  some  1,200  prisoners;  it  was  forced 
back  to  Carnieres  (east  of  Cambrai). 

8.  The  division  rested  and  refitted  for  a  fortnight  and  then  reenforced  the  front  on 
November  1  near  Villcrs-Pol  (southeast  of  Valenciennes).  It  continued  in  line  but 
was  made  to  fall  back;  prisoners  were  captured  on  the  11th  at  II yon  (south  of  Mens). 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIiMATE. 

The  20Gth  was  rated  a  second-class  division.  The  division  commander  was  dec- 
orated after  the  battle  of  the  Somme.  On  the  other  hand,  the  brigade  commander 
issued  an  order  (Oct.  G )  to  remedy  straggling  in  the  division.  On  the  whole,  however, 
the  division  did  well,  though  not  brilliantly. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.     665 


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HISTORY. 

(98th  Reserve:   IGth  District — Lorraine.     209th  Reserve:   2d  District — Ponierania. 
213th  Reserve:  9th  District — Schleswig-Holstein.) 

1916. 

1.  The  207th  Division  was  organized  in  Belgium  toward  the  end  of  September, 
1916.  The  45th  Reserve  Division  furnished  the  209th  Reserve  and  the  46th  Reserve 
Di\asion  the  213th  Reserve.  Its  third  regiment,  the  413tli,  which  came  from  the 
204th  Divi.sion,  was  replaced  by  the  98th  Reserve  (from  the  212th  Division)  at  the 
beginning  of  1917. 

Flanders. 

2.  Assembled  in  October  on  the  Belgium  coast  (Zeebrugge-Blankenberg)  and  went 
into  line  before  Ypres  toward  the  end  of  November  (Zonnebeke-Ypres  road  to  the 
Ypres-Comines  Canal). 

1917. 

1.  Held  the  Ypres  front  until  the  end  of  April,  1917. 
Artois. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  ^lay  it  fought  in  Artois  (Bullecourt,  south  of  Pronville). 
Messines. 

3.  Relieved  about  June  3  and  went  back  into  line  in  the  region  of  Ypres,  east  of 
Messines,  June  12  to  July  0.     Did  not  have  heavy  losses  in  spite  of  serious  fighting. 

4.  In  July  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Roubaix. 
Ypres. 

5.  Beginning  on  the  night  of  August  1-2,  it  was  again  engaged  east  of  Ypres  in  the 
vicinity  of  Hollebeke  and  Zandvoorde,  and  counterattacked  to  recapture  Hollebeke. 
Remained  in  this  sector  until  October  8. 

Lens. 

6.  On  October  20  took  over  the  sector  north  of  Lens,  where  it  alternated  with  the 
220th  Division. 

recruiting. 

A  composite  di\'ision.  The  98th  Reserve  got  replacements  principally  from  West- 
phalia; the  209th  Reserve  from  Pomerania;  the  213th  Reserve  from  Sclileswig- 
riolstein. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

Tliis  division  has  only  a  moderate  fighting  value. 

1918. 
Lens. 

1.  The  division  continued  to  hold  the  quiet  Loos  sector  until  April  13,  when  it 
was  relieved  by  the  220th  Division. 

La  Basse  Canal. 

2.  It  was  engaged  nortli  of  the  La  Basse  Canal  on  the  night  of  April  1.3-14.  The 
98th  Reserve  Regiment  attacked  on  tlie  18th  on  the  canal.  After  tlie  attack  the 
three  regiments  held  the  line  to  the  south  of  the  canal  until  the  end  of  April. 

3.  The  division  rested  in  early  May.  On  the  18th  it  was  engaged  south  of  the  La 
Basse  Canal,  near  Hulluch  and  Anchy  les  La  Basse.  It  held  this  sector  without  event 
until  it  was  relieved  on  the  night  of  July  1-2  by  the  10th  Erzsatz  Division.  The 
regiment  marched  to  Wahagnies,  entrained  at  Libercourt  on  the  3d  and  detrained 
near  Bac  St.  Maur  on  the  same  day. 


DIVISIONS  OF  OERMAIS^  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     667 

ViEUX  Berguin-Cambrai. 

4.  It  relieved  the  44th  Reserve  Division  during  the  nights  of  July  3-4  and  4-5  near 
Vieux  Berguin.  After  a  montli  it  exchanged  sectors  (between  Aug.  (J  and  8)  with 
the  52d  Division  wliich  had  been  holding  a  sector  south  of  Lens.  The  sector  con- 
tinued quiet  in  August  and  September.  The  division  was  relieved  on  the  night  of 
the  24th-25th  by  the  111th  Division  and  reenforced  tlie  front  northwest  of  Carabrai 
on  September  28.  After  three  days  of  severe  fighting  and  heavy  losses  it  was  obliged 
to  withdraw. 

Belgium. 

5.  The  division  was  taken  to  Deynze  al^iout  October  S  and  came  into  line  on  tlie 
14th  near  Thielt  between  Pettem  and  Iseghem.  It  was  puslied  back  toward  Den- 
terghem  (18tli-19th)  and  later  toward  the  line  Courtrai-Ghent  (Deynze,  Tulte,  Waere- 
ghem,  Oct.  21  to  Nov.  1).  The  division  withdrew  to  reserve  on  November  1  and 
thereafter  was  out  of  line. 

value — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  Its  morale  was  reported  to  l)e  indifferent 
at  the  end  of  October. 


66S     DIVISIONS  OF  OKRMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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HISTORY. 

(25th:  8th  District— Rhine  Province.     185th:  14th  District— Grand  Duchy  of  Baden. 
65th  Reserve:  8th  District — Rhine  Province.) 

inio. 

The  208th  Division  was  organized  in  the  region  of  Sissonne  at  the  beginning  of 
Septem1)er,  1910.  Its  three  infantry  regiments  came  from  older  divisions — the  25th 
from  the  15th  Division,  tlie  185th  from  the  185th  Di^^sion,  tlie  65th  Reserve  from  the 
IGth  Reserve  Di\4sion. 

Before  being  transferred  to  the  208th  Division  the.'^e  regiments  were  engaged  in 
the  battle  of  the  Somme,  where  the  18th  Infantry  especially  was  particularly  tried 
(July  5-18). 
Galicia. 

1.  On  September  3  the  division  was  sent  to  the  Eastern  Front,  via  Luxem])iirg- 
Aix  la  Chapelle-Berlin-Leipzig-Cra'cow-Lemberg. 

2.  Fought  at  Brzezany  and  Ilalicz  from  the  middle  of  September  to  the  end  of 
October. 

France. 

3.  About  the  beginning  of  November  it  returned  to  the  Western  Front,  via  Lemberg- 

Budapest-Vienna-Salzburg-Rosenheim-Munich-Frankfurt-Cologne-Aixla  Chapelle- 
Liege.     Detrained  November  13  at  Caudry. 

SOMME-AXCRE. 

4.  On  Noveml)er  18  it  went  into  line  north  of  the  Ancre,  where  it  was  seriously 
engaged  in  a  series  of  local  attacks. 

5.  Relieved  December  12  and  went  to  rest  northeast  of  Ghent. 

1917. 
Flanders. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  February,  1917  the  division  took  over  the  sector  Ypres- 
Comines  Canal,  which  it  held  until  February  25. 

2.  After  a  month's  rest  in  the  region  north  of  Ghent  it  returned  to  the  front  (sector 
Bixschoote-Langemarck)  from  March  28-29  to  middle  of  April. 

Artois. 

3.  April  24  the  di\asion  was  engaged  liefore  Arras  between  Ga^Telle  and  Roeux 
and  was  severely  tried  during  the  British  offensive. 

HiNDENBURG    LiXE    (OiSE). 

4.  Withdrawn  from  the  Artois  front  May  8  and  went  into  line  in  a  quiet  sector  south 
of  St.  Quentin,  between  lierthenicourt  and  Moy,  where  it  remained  for  more  than 
three  months.  May  14-15  to  August  18.  Received  about  1,000  replacements,  among 
others  from  the  (ilOth  Infantry  dissolved,  in  May. 

Flanders. 

5.  About  August  23  went  to  Flanders,  via  Origny-Le  Cateau-Mons-Ghent-Deynze- 
Lichtervelde.  September  4-5  it  went  into  the  sector  of  Langemarck.  Though 
already  sorely  tried  by  artillery  fire,  it  was  subjected  to  the  British  attack  of  Septeml)er 
20,  which  again  caused  it  very  heavy  losses.  The  1st  and  3d  Companys  of  the  185th 
Infantry  were  entirely  destroyed  or  captured;  the  rest  of  the  1st  Battalion  was  re- 
duced to  a  handful  of  men  (letter). 

St.  Mihiel. 

6.  Left  the  Flanders  front  September  29  and  went  to  Lorraine  where  it  took  over 
the  St.  Mihiel  sector. 

Cambrai-St.  Quextin. 

7.  November  26  it  entrained  for  the  region  of  Camhrai  where  the  25lh  Iniantry 
fought  on  the  30th  in  support  of  the  o4th  Division.     The  division  then  held  the  sector 


670     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

southwest  of  Villers  Guislain- north  of  Epehy  until  the  beginning  of  February,  1918. 
Relieved  at  that  time,  and  at  the  beginning  of  March  took  over  the  sector  Avest  of 
Bellenglise,  northwest  of  St.  Quentin. 

RECRUITING. 

The  185th  Regiment  is  a  Baden  regiment  (German  communique  of  Nov.  26. 1916). 
The  other  two  regiments  are  from  the  Rhineland,  and  thus  the  division  may  at  times 
be  designated  under  the  general  appellation  of  "Rhenish  troops." 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  took  part  in  many  battles  on  different  fronts  and  generally  did  well. 

When  it  was  put  in  line  at  Ypres  in  Sei)teml)er,  1917,  25  per  cent  of  its  fighting  forcea 
belonged  to  the  1918  class,  and  these  young  elements  seem  at  this  time  to  have  weak- 
ened the  fighting  spiritof  the  division.     (Information  from  the  British,  October,  1917). 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  division  was  in  the  Bellenglise  line  sector  when  the  attack  of  March  21 
began.  By  the  evening  of  the  21st  it  had  advanced  as  far  as  le  Vergnier.  The  next 
day  it  advanced  \-ia  Bernes  and  Catigny  and  entered  Peronne  on  the  following  day, 
remaining  there  until  the  25th,  when  it  crossed  the  Somme  near  Biaches.  On  the 
26th  the  division  advanced  4  kilometers  encountering  slight  opposition,  and  on  the 
27th  advanced  12  kilometers  without  opposition.  It  reached  Framerville  on  the  28th 
after  some  fighting  and  on  the  29th  was  engaged  against  a  British  counterattack  be- 
tween Cayeux  and  Beaucourt.  A  day  or  so  later  it  was  retired  from  the  front  near 
Marcelcave.  The  casualties  of  the  division  in  the  olfensive  were  estimated  by  the 
British  as  70  per  cent. 

Hangard. 

2.  It  rested  near  Clery,  in  the  vicinity  of  Peronne,  from  April  1  to  18.  It  came 
into  line  north  of  Hangard  (night  of  Apr.  21-22)  and  was  heavily  engaged  until  May  4. 
Again  the  division  suffered  very  heavy  losses. 

WOEVRE. 

3.  The  division  went  to  rest  in  the  Valenciennes  area  on  May  7.  About  June  4 
it  entrained  and  traveled  via  Mons-Namur-CharleAdlle-Conflans  to  Chambley,  where 
it  detrained  a  day  later.  On  the  night  of  June  4-5  it  entered  line  of  the  quiet  St. 
Mihiel  sector  and  stayed  there  until  the  end  of  July. 

Second  Battle  of  Picardy. 

4.  Relieved  on  July  28,  at  St.  Mihiel.  the  division  was  transported  to  the  Noyon 
area,  and  on  Augu.st  12  was  engaged  near  Belval  (south  of  T>assigny).  In  the  next 
two  months  the  division  was  constantly  being  pressed  back.  The  line  of  its  retreat 
was  through  Beaurains-GenATj^-Guiscard-Berlancourt-Ville  Selves-Crigny-Fla-vy 
le  Martel-Benay-f'erisy  (south  of  St.  Quentin).  It  was  relieved  by  the  1st  Reserve 
Division  on  Septeml)er  30. 

5.  After  hardly  a  week's  rest,  the  division  reentered  lines  near  Camltrai  (southwest 
of  Merguiee,  later  Haussy)  about  October  8.  It  held  in  that  sector  until  the  23d. 
Few  days  later  it  was  reengaged  between  Valenciennes  and  Le  Quesnoy  (Ruesnes), 
but  after  a  few  days  in  line  retired  from  the  front. 

VALUE — 191S  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  took  a  prominent  part  in  the  March 
offensive  and  thereafter  was  a  strong  defensive  divi.sion.  Although  its  effectives 
were  greatly  diminifihed  in  the  fall,  its  morale  remained  above  the  average. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAKTICirATED  IN  WAR.      671 


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672      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

<(27th;  4th     District — Prussian     Saxony.     75th     Reserve;  9tli     District — Schlcswig- 
Ilolstein  and   llansa  towns.     390th;  ISth  District — Ilesse-Nassau.) 

19Ui. 

The  2]  1th  Division  was  organized  September  15,  191((,  at  Tournai. 

The  27th  Infantry  came  from  the  27th  Division  (4th  Army  Corps),  the  75th  Reserve 
from  the  17th  Reserve  Division  (9th  Army  Corps),  the  103d  Reserve  (wliich  was  re- 
placed by  tlie  390th  in  January,  1917)  came  from  the  23d  Reserve  Division  (Saxon). 
These  three  regiments  fought  in  July  to  August,  1916,  in  the  battle  of  the  Somme 
before  being  assigned  to  the  211th  Division. 

1.  About  September  20,  its  organization  being  completed,  the  division  was  sent 
north  of  the  front  of  the  Somme,  to  put  up  defensive  works  in  the  region  of  Nurlu- 
Manancourt. 

Somme. 

2.  October  14  it  went  into  line  at  the  St.  Pierre-Vaast  wood,  from  where  it  was 
relieved  November  6. 

SOISSONS. 

3.  It  then  took  over  the  sector  north  and  west  of  Soissons  (Nov.  20). 

1917. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  103d  Reserve  was  transferred  to  the  58th  Di\T.sion  (Saxon) 
and  replaced  by  the  390th,  recruited  in  the  Rliineland  and  IIe.ssa,  coming  from  the 
16th  Reserve  Division,  which  had  been  formed  from  drafted  companies  as  well  as 
from  elements  of  the  21st  and  25th  Divisions  and  25th  Landwelir  Brigade. 

AlSNE. 

2.  The  division,  thus  composed,  held  the  Soissons  sector  until  about  March  20. 
On  this  date  it  retired  tlu"ough  Terny,  Margival,  to  Vauxaillon,  where  it  established 
its  lines  and  opposed  the  French  attack  of  April  16. 

Laffaux. 

3.  Temporarily  withdrawn  from  the  front  on  April  20,  the  division  went  to  the  north 
of  Laffaux,  south  of  Vauxaillon,  from  ]\Iay  10  to  25.  During  these  two  periods  on  the 
Aisne  front  the  division  suffered  heavy  losses  (especially  the  27th,  wliich  had  already 
received  men  from  the  1918  class,  among  other  reenforcements,  at  the  end  of  April). 
It  was  reorganized  parti j^  from  the  dissolution  of  the  625th  Infantry  (Hessian). 
Forest  of  St.  Gobain. 

4.  June  25  the  division  held  the  forest  of  St.  Gobain  (sector  of  Bassoles-Aulers). 
At  the  end  of  July  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Cerny-Malval  Farm. 

5.  At  the  end  of  December  it  went  to  rest  and  train  at  Gizy  (west  of  Liesse)  and 
vicinity  for  four  weeks. 

RECRUITING. 

The  three  infantry  regiments  came  from  three  different  Prussian  Provinces — 
Prussian  Saxony  (27th  Infantry),  Schleswig-IIolstein  and  Ilanse  towns  (75th  Reserve), 
llesse-Nassau,  390th  Infantry.  The  reenforcements  from  the  Russian  front  in  1917 
also  gave  a  certain  number  of  Hanoverians  from  the  411th  Infantry. 

value — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  had  many  losses  on  the  Aisne  in  April  to  May,  1917,  and  was  com- 
]>leted  by  reenforcements  containing  a  strong  i)roportion  of  the  1918  class.  These 
young  soldiers,  according  to  prisoners'  statements,  sliowed  only  mediocre  military 
qualities  (counterattacks  at  Laffaux). 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN"  WAR.     673 

During  the  four  weeks  which  it  spent  in  the  vicinity  of  Liesse  the  division  took 
part  in  several  training  exercises  (breaking  through  maneuvers  on  an  8-kilometer 
front  with  simulated  enemy  tanks).     (Interrogation  of  prisoners,  Mar.  7,  1918.) 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  div'ision  w?  j  relieved  the  8th  of  March  in  the  Chamouille  area  and  went 
to  rest  and  train  near  Laon  until  the  19th.  It  marched  toward  the  jumping  off  point 
east  of  La  Fere  by  Crepy  en  Laonnois,  arri\ing  there  on  the  20th.  It  followed  up  the 
attack  at  La  Fere,  crossing  the  Oise  near  Travecy,  until  the  22d,  when  it  was  engaged 
west  of  Travecy.  It  advanced  through  Farguiers-Quessy-Liez-Chauny-Quierzy- 
Varesnes,  suffering  heavy  losses,  until  the  line  stabilized  near  the  Aisne  Canal  at 
Manicamp  and  Champs.     It  held  this  sector  until  May  27. 

Oise. 

2.  When  the  French  retired  on  the  front,  following  the  German  advance  to  the 
Marne,  the  division  advanced  as  far  as  Moulin  sous  Touvent-Nampcel  (May  27-31). 
It  held  that  sector  until  the  beginning  of  July.  It  withstood  a  French  attack  on  July  3, 
lost  666  prisoners,  and  was  at  once  relieved  by  the  15th  Division. 

SOISSONS. 

3.  The  di^'ision  rested  until  mid-July  southeast  of  Soissons.  It  was  brought  back 
on  the  20th  at  Mercin-Vauxbuin  to  oppose  the  Allied  counterthrust  and  was  in  line 
until  August  3. 

4.  After  its  withdrawal  the  division  was  taken  to  the  neighborhood  of  Charleville 
and  dissolved.  The  390th  Regiment  and  75th  Reserve  Regiment  were  broken  up 
and  sent  as  drafts  to  the  42d  Division  and  the  87th  Division.  The  27th  Regiment 
replaced  the  dissolved  32d  Reserve  Regiment  in  the  113th  Division. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.     It  was  in  line  almost  without  interruption 
^om  February  to  August,  1918.     WTien  the  effective  strength  had  reached  a  minimum 
the  division  was  dissolved. 
125651°— 20 43 


G74      DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  AKMY  WJUCll  PARTIC'IPATKD  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  or  GKKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     675 

HISTORY. 

(12tli  and  19th  Districts— Saxony.) 

1916. 

The  212th  Division  was  organized  between  the  5th  and  IHth  of  September,  1916,  in 

the  region  of  St.  Quentin.     At  that  time  it  comprised  the  following  three  infantry 

regiments,  taken  from  already  existing  divisions:  The  20th  from  the  Gth  Division,  the 

11  tth  from  the  29th  Division,  and  the  98th  Reserve  from  the  10th  Reserve  Division. 

I.ater  its  infantry  composition  was  completely  changed  until  the  di\'ision  from  being 

Prussian  became  entirely  Saxon. 

SOMME. 

1.  P>om  September  15  to  October  3-5  the  division  was  engaged  north  of  the  Somme 
(sector  of  Clery  to  B^thune-P^ronne  road). 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  October  5  and  sent  to  rest  in  the  region  of  St.  Quentin. 
Went  back  into  line  about  the  25th,  south  of  the  Somme,  between  Genermont  and 
Ablaincourt.  Suffered  heavy  losses  (the  3d  Battallion  of  the  98th  Reserves  lost 
297  prisoners). 

Champagne. 

3.  The  division  left  the  Somme  November  23-25  and  went  to  rest  (end  of  Novem- 
ber to  beginning  of  December).  Then  went  to  the  Champagne  front  (sector  of  Proa- 
nes-south  of  Ste.  Marie  a  Py). 

1917. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  division  was  reorganized.  The  98th  Reserve  and  the  20th 
went  to  the  207th  Division  and  the  5th  Guard  Division,  respectively,  and  were  re- 
placed by  the  9th  Jager  Regiment  (from  the  199th  Division)  and  the  415th  (from 
the  204th  Division).  These  were  Saxon  regiments  and  they  were  joined  a  short  time 
after  by  the  416th  (also  from  the  204th  Di\ision  and  Saxon),  in  place  of  the  114th, 
assigned  to  the  199th  Di\'ision. 

Champagne. 

2.  Thus  composed  the  di\ision  continued  to  hold  the  Prosnes  sector  until  the  end  of 
March,  1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

3.  Relieved  about  March  25,  before  the  attacks  began  and  sent  to  Roumania. 

At  this  time  the  9th  Regiment  of  Jagers  left  the  diAdsion  and  went  to  the  lOlst 
Di\dsion,  in  Macedonia.  The  415th  and  416th  were  sent  to  the  Russian-Roumanian 
front  (region  of  Braila  in  July,  then  Focsani-Tecuciu).  The  division  was  brought  up 
to  three  regiments  by  the  assignment  of  thel82d  (from  the  216th  Division),  a  Saxon 
regiment.  The  division  suffered  heavy  losses,  especially  the  182d  Infantry,  on  Sep- 
tember 9. 

4.  In  December  the  division  was  relieved  from  the  sector  west  of  Tecutiu.  The 
415th  and  416th  were  identified  southeast  of  Panciu  December  14;  the  182d,  north- 
west of  Namoloasa,  on  the  20th. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  at  the  end  of  1917  was  entirely  Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

Remained  on  the  Roumanian  front  duringa  partof  1917andthe  beginningof  1918. 
Moderate  fighting  value. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  still  in  Rumania  on  the  15th  of  April. 

Ukraine. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  May  the  division  was  identified  north  of  Kherson.  All  the 
younger  men  were  sent  to  the  Western  IVonf,  but  the  remainder  of  the  division 
did  not  leave  this  region. 

VALUE — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


676     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WlilCil  PAKTICIPATED  IN  WAK. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAlSr  ARMY  WHirH  PARTK^IPATED  IN  WAR.     G77 

HISTORY. 

(149tli:  2d  District — Pomerania.     3C8th  and  74th  Reserves:  lOth  District — Hanover.) 

191G. 

The  213th  Division  was  formed  near  Spincourt,  northeast  of  Verdun,  at  the  be- 
ginning of  Septem])er,  1910.  Its  three  infantry  regiments  came  from  already  existing 
di\dsions,  the  149th  from  tlie  4th  Di\dsion,  the  74th  Reserves  from  the  19th  Reserve 
Division,  and  the  3(38th  (former  Brigade  Ersatz  Battalions  37  (Osnabrueck),  38 
(Hanover),  39  (Hildesheim),  from  the  10th  Ersatz  Di\'ision. 

iSoMME. 

1.  Although  apparently  destined  for  tlie  Roumanian  front,  the  di\dsion  was  sent  in 
ail  haste  to  the  Somme  on  September  14.  It  fought  beginning  the  18th  east  of  Oombles 
and  suffered  heavily. 

AlSNE. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  front  at  the  end  of  September  and  moved  to  Bohain  by 
stages  and  from  there  was  transported  on  October  1  to  Coucy  le  Chateau.  On  the  same 
day  it  took  over  the  Nouvron-Vingre  sector  north  of  Vic  sur  Aisne.  It  remained  there 
until  the  end  of  October,  and  after  a  short  rest  went  liack  into  line  in  the  same  region 
(Moulin  sous  Touvent-Autreches)  at  the  l)eginning  of  November. 

1917. 

1.  About  January  4,  1917,  the  dii-ision  was  relieved  from  the  Aisne  front  and  sent 
for  a  rest  and  training  to  the  camp  at  Sissonne  (region  of  Lappion).  Maneuvers  with  a 
view  to  open  warfare.) 

OlSE. 

2.  After  three  weeks  training  it  entrained  at  St.  Erme  on  January  22;  detrained  the 
samedayatApilly,  nearChaimy,  and  went  into  line  between  the  Oise  and  Quennevieres 
(Bailly-Pracy  le  Val). 

3.  On  March  17  it  retired  north  of  the  Ailette  in  the  direction  of  Chauny  and  went 
in  reserve  in  the  region  of  Laon. 

Aisne. 

4.  An  emergency  call  was  sent  for  it  at  Sissonne  April  16  and  it  was  brought  to  St. 
Erme  and  engaged  beginning  April  16-17  east  of  Craonne  (north  of  Ville  aux  Bois). 
Counterattacked  violently  in  the  region  of  Juvincourt,  but  suffered  considerable 
losses,  wliich  necessitated  its  retreat,  on  April  21-22. 

5.  Sent  to  rest  near  Amifontaine  and  reorganized  (replacements  especially  from  the 
G17th  Regiment  (Stettin  and  vicinity),  which  was  dissolved)  April  26  it  was  reengaged 
south  of  Corbeny  and  again  suffered  heavily  from  tlie  French  attack  of  May  8  and  from 
its  counteroffensive  of  the  10th. 

6.  Left  the  Craonne  front  May  29  and  went  to  rest  l)y  the  Meuse  (Spincourt). 
Hill  304. 

7.  At  the  end  of  July,  after  two  months'  rest,  wont  into  line  east  of  Hill  304.  Only 
the  149th  was  engaged  during  the  I'rench  attack  of  August  20,  and  it  suffered  heavy 
losses. 

Champagne. 

8.  Relieved  August  25  and  sent  to  Cliampagne  (5  weeks'  rest  near  Asfeld),  then  went 
into  line  before  Brimont  on  October  5. 

RECRUITING. 

Two  of  the  regiments,  the  74th  Reserves  and  the  368th  were  from  TTano^•er.  The 
149th  which  as  a  rule  was  rocniited  in  the  second  district  (Pomerania),  was  aa  a  matter 
of  fact  very  mixed,  like  the  other  regiments  of  tliis  district. 


678      HTVTSTONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

A  good  di^'ision.  However,  the  149tli,  in  line  east  of  Hill  304,  offered  no  resistance 
to  the  French  attack  of  August  20,  1917.     The  two  other  regiments  gave  no  assistance. 

Relatively  small  proportion  of  1918  class  men  in  August,  1917. 

During  its  stay  in  the  rear  (.January,  1918)  the  division  was  trained  for  open  warfare. 
(Examination  of  prisoners,  March,  1918.) 

1918. 
Battle  op  the  Aisne. 

1.  The  division  continued  to  hold  the  quiet  Brimont  Oourcy  sect^^r  until  May  10, 
when  it  was  relieved  by  the  242d  Division.  It  rested  near  Asfeld  until  the  24th, 
when  it  returned  to  the  Brimont  sector  on  the  night  of  the  24th-25th,  and  attacked  on 
the  27th.  It  advanced  through  Loivre,  Merfy,  and  Guex  until  the  line  stabilized 
west  of  Reims  (Vrigny-Ormes-Champigny).     It  held  that  secttir  until  September  27. 

2.  It  was  moved  in  motor  trucks  on  the  27th  U)  south  of  Arnes,  and  the  next  day  was 
engaged  near  Ste.  Marie  a  Py.  The  division  was  engaged  without  pause  until  the 
armistice.  In  the  first  week  of  October  it  was  pushed  back  to  Ste.  Etienne  a  Ames, 
k)sing  560  prisoners.  From  then  it  retreated  to  east  of  Machault,  between  Vouziers 
and  Attigny  and  later  to  the  region  northeast  of  Attigny  [Le  Chesne-Ixnivergny). 
It  was  last  identified  at  Louvergny  on  November  6. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE, 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  cla'^s.  Its  morale  remained  fairly  high,  and  the 
division  did  well  in  the  Ardennes  in  September-October. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  rARTICIPATEP  IN  WAR.     G79 


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6(S0      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAlsr  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAli. 

HISTORY. 

(50th:  5th  District — Posen.     358th:   2d  District— Pomerania.     363d:   8th  District- 
Rhine  Province.) 

1916. 

The  214th  Di\-ision  was  formed  in  Lorraine  in  September,  1916.  Two  of  its  regi- 
ments came  from  the  Ersatz  Divisions — the  358th,  former  Brigade  Ersatz  Battalions 
Nos.  1,  2,  5,  and  50;  from  the  Ersatz  Guard  Division;  the  363d,  former  Brigade 
Ersatz  Battalions  Nos.  29  (Aix  la  Chapelle),  30  (Coblentz),  and  31  (Treves),  from  the 
8th  Ersatz  Division.  These  two  regiments  were  for  two  years  in  the  Haye.  The 
50th  Infantry  was  taken  from  the  10th  Division  (Verdun  front). 

SOMME. 

1.  Started  for  the  Eastern  Front  September  10, 1916,  but  was  stopped  at  Frankfort 
on  Main  and  brought  back  to  France  to  o]ipose  the  offensive  on  the  Somme.  Hastily 
engaged  at  Ran  court  September  19-20,  but  lost  that  \iUage.  Lost  hea\dly  (600 
prisoners)  and  was  relieved  October  2. 

Bois  LE  Pretre. 

2.  From  October  15  to  November  25  the  division  held  the  Bois  le  Pretre  sector. 
Somme. 

3.  At  the  beginning  of  December  it  again  went  to  the  Somme  in  the  region  of  Ba- 

paume  (Gueudecourt). 

1917. 

1.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Somme  about  Februarj''  6,  1917,  and  went 
to  rest;  obtained  replacements  from  the  609th  Infantry  (Rhineland). 
Champagne. 

2.  About  February  20  the  division  was  north  of  Nouroy-Moronvilliers.  Its  regi- 
ments were  successively  put  in  line  beginning  ^vith  the  first  part  of  March,  then  were 
placed  all  together  in  line  April  15.  April  17  and  18  the  di^•ision  opposed  the  French 
attacks  on  the  Naiiroy-Auberive  front.  Its  losses  were  considerable  (19  officers  and 
1046  un wounded  prisoners).  Losses  of  the  12th  Company  of  the  50th  Infantry,  129 
men  (document). 

3.  On  the  night  of  the  18th-19th  the  division  was  relieved  and  sent  to  rest  south- 
west of  Monthois  and  reorganized.  The  5th  Company  of  the  363d  Infantry  received 
at  least  134  replacements,  mostly  from  the  1918  class,  some  of  them  vrith  oiily  three 
months'  training. 

Argonne. 

4.  About  May  4-5  the  division  went  back  into  line  south  of  Rouvroy  (Cernay  en 
Dormois)  and  stayed  there  until  July  22  or  23.  No  important  action  during  this 
period. 

Flanders. 

5.  During  the  first  days  of  August  the  di\dsion  was  sent  to  Flanders  via  Charleville, 
Namur,  Brussels,  and  Ghent.     It  went  to  the  Bixschoote-Langemarck  sector,  where 
it  fought  until  August  17  (battle  of  Flanders,  French  attack  of  August  16). 
Cambrai. 

6.  After  a  rest  on  the  coast  it  went  to  Douai  August  23  and  took  over  the  Oppy- 
Gavrelle  sector  (September  to  November).  November  22  it  went  in  all  haste  to  ojjpose 
the  advance  of  the  British  army  southwest  of  Cambrai,  and  fought  until  December  4. 
At  that  date  it  was  sent  to  rest  near  Valencieimes. 

recruiting. 

A  composite  di^dsion.  The  50th  (5th  District)  and  the  35Sth  (2d  District)  had  a 
pretty  large  proportion  of  Poles,  and  some  r>randenburgers  to  counterbalance  them. 
The  363d  was  a  Rhenish  regiment,  as  well  as  the  field  artillery  of  the  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     6S1 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  214th  Division  must  be  considered  as  a  good  di\'ision.  However,  it  should  be 
noted  that  in  Champagne  during  the  attack  of  April  17,  it  was  more  or  less  demoralized 
by  the  losses  suffered.  A  large  number  of  men  are  said  to  have  fled  during  the  pre- 
paratory artillery  fire. 

At  Ypres  in  August,  1917,  the  358th  and  3G3d  opposed  great  resistance,  particularly 
where  there  were  enough  officers  to  hold  the  men  under  the  artillery  fire. 

Of  the  three  regiments  of  the  di\asion,  the  50th  was  the  worst;  many  Poles. 

1918. 
Belgium. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Dixmude  sector  until  April  5,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the 
Cth  Bavarian  Division.  It  was  withdrawn  to  Couckelaere  and  Ichteghem,  when  it 
entrained  on  the  6th  and  7th  and  traveled  via  Thourout-Lichtervelde-Roulers- 
Coutrai  to  Lauwe,  from  where  they  marched  to  Halluiii 

Lys. 

2.  It  was  engaged  north  of  Armentieres  from  April  10  to  13  (Ploegsteert-Xeuve 
Eglise).  It  was  relieved  on  the  13th-14th  and  went  to  rest  near  Lille  until  May  19. 
On  May  6  some  elements  of  the  diAdsion  reenforced  the  Alpine  Corps  at  Ivocre  for  a 
short  time. 

Arras. 

3.  On  May  19-20  the  division  came  in  line  east  of  Arras  (Feuchy-Monchy  le  Preux) 
and  held  that  quiet  sector  until  the  British  attacked  them  on  August  27.  The  division 
lost  1,171  prisoners  and  was  relieved  on  the  28th. 

PiCARDY. 

4.  The  division  rested  until  September  24,  when  it  entered  line  southwest  of  Douai 
(Sailly  Ostrevent  Biache,  St.  Vaast)  and  held  there  until  October  8.  It  retreated 
between  Douai  and  Valenciennes  as  far  as  east  of  St.  Awand.  It  withdrew  from  line 
near  Conde  on  the  24th.  A  day  later  it  was  reengaged  south  of  Valenciennes  (Famars) 
and  in  line  until  November  5.  On  the  first  10  days  of  November  the  division  lost 
750  prisoners. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  In  1918  it  played  a  rather  colorless  role.  Its 
hardest  fighting  was  in  October  in  the  Cambrai  battle. 


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HISTORY. 

(224th  Reserve  Infantiy  Regiment:  18th  Corps  District — Hesse-Nassau.  2d  Reserve 
Ersatz  and  71st  Landwehr  Regiments:  lltli  Coi-ps  District — Thuringia  and  rriis.sian 
Saxony.) 

1916. 

CH.WrPAGNE. 

1 .  The  215th  Division,  formed  al)oiit  September,  1916,  and  comprising  at  this  time 
the  -JOth  Ersatz  Regiment,  taken  from  the  19th  Ersatz  Division;  the  2d  Reserve 
Ersatz,  from  tlio  1st  Reserve  Ersatz  Brigade;  the  COth  Reserve,  from  the  13th  Eand- 
wehr  Division,  was  identified  for  the  first  time  on  September  29,  19]  G,  on  the  Cham- 
pagne front,  east  of  Auberive.  It  occupied  the  sector  of  Prosnes,  soutli  of  Ste. 
Marie  a  Py,  until  the  end  of  November. 

2.  Relieved  in  Champagne,  the  215th  Division  was  transferred  to  the  Eastern  Front, 
leaving  the  60th  Reserve  Regiment  in  France  as  a  part  of  the  221st  Division  and  taking 
with  it  the  71st  Landwehr  Regiment  from  the  13tb  Landwehr  Division. 

Russia. 

3.  Arriving  in  Russia  at  the  beginning  of  December,  the  215th  Division  formed  a 
part  of  the  22d  Reserve  Corps  (Army  of  the  Bug)  and  was  reenforced  by  the  addition 
of  the  244th  Reserve  Infantr}^  Regiment  from  the  53d  Reserve  Division. 

1917. 

VOLHYNIA. 

1.  At  the  beginning  of  1917  the  composition  of  the  215th  Division  was  again 
changed — the  244th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  went  over  to  the  119th  Division  and 
was  replaced  l>y  the  224th  Reserve  Infantn,^  Regiment  from  the  48th  Reserve  Division. 

2.  During  the  year  1917  the  215th  Division  occupied,  in  Volhynia,  the  sector  situ- 
ated east  of  Gorokliov  (northwest  of  Berestiecko). 

3.  Its  composition  was  once  more  modified — the  40th  Ersatz  Regiment  was  trans- 
ferred to  a  newly  fonned  Saxon  division,  the  96th. 

RECRUITING. 

The  215th  Division  was  fairly  homogeneous.  It  was  mostly  recruited  from  the  11th 
and  to  some  extent  from  the  18th  Corps  Districts  (Thuringia,  the  Electorate  of  Hesse, 
and  Hesse-Nassau). 

VAI.UE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  had  been  in  Russia  since  December,  1916,  and  was  only  mediocre. 

1918. 
Ukraine. 

1.  Early  in  the  year  the  division  was  still  in  Russia.  It  was  identified  near  Kiev 
on  the  12th  of  March  and  in  the  Kharkov  region  in  April.  Early  in  May  the  division 
had  advanced  to  the  Sea  of  Azov.  Early  in  September,  all  unmarried  men  less  than 
35  years  of  age  (Alsace-Lorrainers  included)  were  sent  to  the  Western  Front,  which 
probably  explains  the  many  reports  of  the  division  having  been  sent  to  France. 
In  all  ])rol.al)ility  the  division  never  left  the  Ukraine. 

value — 191S  estimate. 
The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


684      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     GS5 

HISTORY. 

(42d  Infantry  Regiment;  2d  Corp.s  District — Pomerania.  5ntli  Infantry  Regiment; 
20th  Corps  District — Eastern  part  of  West  Pmssia.  354th  Infantry  Regiment; 
Gth  Corps  District — Silesia.) 

1916. 

The  21(3th  Division  was  formed  in  Galicia  in  July,  191 G,  by  drafts  upon  regiments  of 
other  di^isions.     At  the  time  of  formation  it  comprised  the  lS2d  Infantry  Regiment, 
from  the  123d  Division  (Saxon),  the  354th  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  38th  Division 
and  the  21st  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  217th  Division. 
Galicia-Transylvania. 

1.  In  Galicia  ( Brzezany )  beginning  of  October,  the  216th  Division  was  transferred 
to  the  Transylvanian  front  (valley  of  the  Olt)  on  November  8. 

ROUMANIA. 

2.  It  took  part  in  the  Roumanian  campaign. 

3.  At  the  end  of  December  it  was  south  of  Rimnicu-Sarat. 

1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  216th  Division  was  in  line  east  of  Focsani,  where  it  remained 
until  August. 

2.  It  took  part  in  the  attacks  north  of  Pocsani  i7i  August,  where  the  182d  Infantry 
Regiment  lost  especially  heavily. 

3.  At  this  time  the  42d  and  59th  Infantry  Regiments,  filled  up  iu  June  by  men 
borrowed  from  the  76th  Reserve  Division,  then  in  the  rear  of  the  Roumanian  front 
replaced  the  182d  Infantry  Regiment,  transferred  to  the  212th  Division  and  the  21st 
Infantry  Regiment,  sent  to  the  Macedonian  front. 

4.  With  this  composition  the  216th  Division  occupied  the  line  north  of  the  mouth 
of  the  Buzeu.  It  was  still  there  at  the  end  of  December.  The  354th  Infantry  Regi- 
ment was  identified  on  December  28  by  fraternizing. 

RECRUITING. 

The  42d  Infantry  Regiment,  Pomeranian,  and  the  59th  Infantry  Regiment,  from 
Posen,  also  contained  contingents  from  the  2d,  5th  and  20th  Corps  Districts,  and  since 
1915  have  contained  a  large  number  of  Alsace-Lorrainers.  The  354  Infantry  Regi- 
ment, formed  from  mobile  depot  battalions  of  the  former  Breslau  Garrison,  replaced  its 
3d  Battalion  (Saxon)  by  Prussians,  and  consisted  almost  entirely  of  drafts  from  Silesia. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  2i6th  Division  fought  and  held  sectors  almost  entirely  on  the  Roumanian  front. 

1918. 

1.  On  the  1st  of  April  the  division  started  for  the  Western  Front.  It  traveled  via 
Bucharest  -  Budapest  -  Prague  -  Dresden  -  I.eipsig  -  Erfurt  -  Frankfort  -  Thion\'ilIe  - 
Luxemburg  -  Xamur  -  Mons  -  Valencennes,  and  detrained  at  Orchies  and  Sornain 
from  April  12  to  20. 

Kemme. 

2.  It  entered  line  at  Kemme  on  May  9  and  with  the  exception  of  the  first  week  in 
.Tune  hold  that  sector  until  June  18. 

3.  The  division  rested  and  underwent  training  north  of  Courtrai  ( Ovstroosebeke- 
Marialoop)  until  July  23.  It  was  then  railed  to  I>aon  and  marc;hed  toward  the  front 
south  of  Fismes  through  Urcel,  Brenelle,  Bozochcs,  Mont  St.  Martin.  It  was  in 
reserve  northeast  of  Ciei^s  on  July  28-29. 


686     DIVISIONS  01-'  GERMAN  ARMY  AVHICli  TAIlTlCirATED  IN  WAR. 

Veslk-Aisnk. 

4.  It  was  engaged  near  Cierges  and  west  of  the  Bois  Meuniere  on  July  29  and  ?>0. 
The  next  day  it  returned  north  of  Cierges  and  later  to  the  Yesle  east  of  I'Msmes  (Mag- 
neux).  The  dhrision  lost  heavily  in  their  retreat.  It  held  the  sector  on  the  Veslo 
until  September  5,  when  it  fell  back  through  Merval  toward  the  line  of  the  Aisne. 
It  held  on  the  line  west  of  Revillon,  south  of  Villers  en  Prayeres  until  Octoljer  10. 
Again  it  gave  way  before  the  Allied  pressure  and  retired  through  Bouconvalle,  north 
of  Aul)igny  (lllh-12th),  Montaigu  (13th)  toward  Liesse-Sissonne.  In  this  area  the 
division  was  withdra\VTi  from  line  on  October  2;i. 

Champagne. 

5.  Without  having  had  an  ojjportunity  to  rest,  the  division  was  returned  to  line 
northwest  of  Chateau  Porcien  on  October  25  and  fought  until  November  5. 

6.  At  the  time  of  the  armistice  the  division  was  considered  in  reserve  of  5th  Army. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Its  conduct  during  the  retreat  to  the  Veslo 
was  good.  The  three  mouths  of  constant  service  in  line  greatly  fatigued  the  troops 
and  lowered  the  morale  of  the  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.    G87 


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688     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AKMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(9th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment:  2cl  Corps  District — Pomerania.  22<1  I.andwehr 
Regiment:  6th  Cor{)s  District — Upper  Silesia.  29th  Bavarian  Infantry  Regiment: 
Mixed — Prussia  and   Bavaria.) 

1916. 

The  217tl)  DiAasion  was  formed  on  the  TCastcrn  I'ront  about  August,  1916. 

ROUMANIA. 

1.  Composed  of  the  9th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  :^<1  Reserve  Division, 
the  45th  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  101st  Division,  and  the  22d  Landwehr  Regi- 
ment from  the  4th  Landwehr  Division,  the  217th  Division  left  the  Brest-Litowsk 
area  at  the  beginning  of  October,  1916,  to  take  part  in  the  Roxmianian  campaign. 

2.  It  was  in  Dobroudja  about  the  end  of  October;  in  the  area  south  of  Bucarest  in 
November.  At  the  beginning  of  November  the  4oth  Infantry  Regiment,  which 
returned  to  Macedonia,  was  replaced  by  the  21st  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  36th 
Reserve  Division. 

3.  At  the  end  of  December  elements  of  the  9th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  occupied 
the  front  south  of  Isaccea  (Dobroudja). 

1917. 
Braila. 

1.  In  January,  1917,  the  217th  Division  was  in  the  BniJla  area;  in  February,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Buzeu. 

Odobesti. 

2.  In  the  month  of  May  the  division  left  the  Braila  front  and  went  into  line  north- 
west of  Odobesti  in  the  vicinity  of  Focsani.  At  this  time  it  acquired  its  definite 
organization:  9th  Reserve,  29th  Bava.ian,  and  22d  Landwehr  Infantry  Regiments. 
Panciu. 

3.  From  July  to  December  the  2  w  th  Division  remained  in  line  northwest  of  Panciu. 

RECRUITING. 

The  2' 7th  Division  was  one  of  the  most  heterogeneous. 

value — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

Th^  division  had  been  on  the  Roumanian  front  since  October,  1916,  and  was 
mediocre. 

1918. 

ROUMANIA. 

1.  Early  in  April  the  division  was  still  on  the  Roumanian  front,  but  was  leaving 
shortly  for  another  theater. 

Ukraine. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  May  the  division  was  in  the  Kherson  region. 
Crimea. 

3.  The  middle  of  the  month  the  division  was  near  Sebastopol. 
Georgia. 

4.  About  the  middle  of  July  elements  of  the  division  were  identified  at  Poti  and 
Tiflis. 

Serbia. 

5.  Early  in  October  the  division  having  moved  to  the  vicinity  of  Nish  opposed  the 
advance  of  the  Serbian  and  allied  troops. 

VALUE — I'JIS    E.STIMATE, 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISrONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     689 


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690     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARINIY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(204th  Infantry  Regiment:  Guard.     256th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment:  7th  Corps 
District— Westplialia.     5th     Landwehr     Regiment:  17tii     Corps     Districts— West 

Prussia.) 

191(;. 

The  division  was  formed  ou  the  Eastern  Front  about  Septem1)er,  1916. 

Galicia. 

1.  Concentrated,  l)eginning  of  October,  in  the  Brest-Litovsk  area,  the  218th 
Di\dsion  was  transferred  to  Galicia,  in  the  Brody,  sector  in  the  middle  of  October. 

ROUMANIA. 

2.  Beginning  of  December  the  218th  Division  was  sent  to  the  Roumanian  front. 

It  was  then  composed  of  the  204th  Infantry  Regiment,  taken  from  the  43d  Reserve 

Division;  the  25Gth  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment,  from  the  IMitau  Group;  and  of  the 

5th  Landwehr  Regiment,  taken  from  the  lltli  Landwehr  Division.     It  occupied  the 

sector  of  Oitoz  (December). 

1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

1.  The  218th  Division  remained  in  line  between  the  valleys  of  the  Trotus  and  of 
the  Putna  (south  of  Ocna,  northwest  of  Panciu)  until  July,  1917. 

2.  At  the  end  of  July  it  was  engaged  in  its  sector  in  front  of  Kezdi-Va^arhely  and 
retired  to  the  south  bank  of  the  Putna  on  July  29. 

:3.  In  August  and  until  the  end  of  the  year  1917  the  218th  Di\dsion  remained  in 
line  in  the  ^-icinity  of  Soveja. 

RECRUITING. 

The  204th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  was  recruited  from  the  whole  of  Russia;  the 
256th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  from  Westphalia  and  the  Rhine  Districts;  the  5th 
Landwehr  Regiment  from  West  Prussia. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  218th  Division  had  been  on  the  Roumanian  front  since  December,  1916,  and 

was  mediocre. 

1918. 

ROUMANIA. 

In  June  the  division  was  still  in  Roumania.  Men  under  35  years  of  age  were  sent 
to  the  Western  Front,  wliich  gave  rise  to  the  report  of  tlie  di\ision's  presence  in  the 
Lille-Armentiferes  region  early  in  June.  The  25fitli  Reserve  Regiment  was  identified 
in  Macedonia  early  in  July,  but  the  remainder  of  the  division  was  still  in  Roumania 
the  middle  of  October. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


DIVISIOlSrS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.      691 

2l9tli  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

47  Ers. 

101  Res. 

391. 

431. 

(100  Ldw.). 

47  Ers. 

101  Res. 

391. 
431. 

(?) 

4  Sqn.  19  Hiis.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

(?) 

45  Saxon  Ers.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

7(i7  Light  Am.  Col. 
7(18  Light  Am.  Col. 
785  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers    and     I,iai- 
sons. 

(219)  rion.  Btn: 
254  Pion.Co. 
54  J5av.  I'ion.Co. 
416T.M.CO. 
219Tel.Detch. 

205  Pion.  Btn.  Rgt. 

377  Pion.  Co. 

78  Res.  Pion.  Co. 

222  Searchlight  Section. 
219  Signal  Command: 

219  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinarj- 

444  Ambulance  Co. 
Ill  Field  Hospital. 
153  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

404  Ambulance  Co. 
Ill  Field  Hospital. 
153  Field  Hospital. 
226  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transports 

M.  T.Col. 

HISTORY. 

(12th  and  19lh  (''orps  Districts — Saxony.) 

1917. 

The  219th  Division  (Saxon)  appeared  to  have  been  formed  in  January,  1917. 
Lorraine. 

1.  Concentrated  in  Lorraine  and  comprising  the  481st  Infantry  Regiment,  made  up 
of  drafts  from  various  Saxon  Regiments,  the  101st  Infantry  Regiment,  from  the  23d 
Reserve  Division,  and  the  100th  Landwehr  Regiment,  a  surplus  regiment  of  the  19th 
Ersatz  Division,  the  219th  Division  occupied  the  sector  of  Bhxmont  in  Feliruary,  1917. 

2.  It  remained  on  the  Lorraine  front  in  the  vicinity  of  Leintrey-Badondiller  until 
June  10. 

Artois. 

3.  Sent  to  the  north  of  France,  it  relieved  the  79th  Reserve  Division  north  of  La 
Bassee  (Neuvechapelle-Fromelles)  on  July  8.  With  the  42d  Landwehr  Division,  it 
exchanged  the  100th  Landwehr  Regiment  for  the  391st  Infantry  Regiment,  Saxon  also. 
Russia. 

4.  About  the  end  of  Septemlier  the  219th  Division  was  mthdrawn  from  the  front 
and  transferred  to  Russia  at  the  beginning  of  Octol)er. 

Riga. 

5.  It  was  in  the  Riga  area  in  Octol)cr  and  November, 


RECRUITING. 


The  division  was  entirely  Saxon. 


692    DmsiOKS  of  germ.vx  army  which  participated  in  war. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  219th  Di\'ision  had  been  in  Russia  since  Octolyer,  1917,  and  was  a  fairly  good 
di\'ision. 

1918. 
Livonia. 

1.  The  219th  Division  took  part  in  the  occupation  of  Livonia:  on  the  17th  of  March 
it  arrived  at  Dorpat. 

Serbia. 

2.  The  101st  Reserve  and  the  431st  Landwehr  Reidments  were  identified  at  Nish 
on  the  9th  of  October.  The  391st  Regiment  was  seen  at  Walk  in  Livonia  at  the  begin- 
ning of  Octolyer,  when  the  men  said  they  were  lea\-ing  for  the  western  theater  (the 
regiment  was  never  identified  there).  The  whole  of  the  219th  Di^-ision  had  thus  left 
the  Russian  front  and  two  regiments  at  least  went  to  Serbia. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  lated  aa  third  class. 


DIVISTONS  OF  GEPiMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     693 


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694     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATKD  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(190th  Infantry  Regiment  and  55th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment;  7th  Corps  District — 
Westphalia.     99th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment;  15th  Corps  District;— Alsace.) 

191(i. 

The  220th  Division  was  formed  at  the  end  of  1916  with  regiments  taken  from  divi- 
sions then  in  line  on  the  Somme  and  south  of  Artois.  The  207th  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  coming  from  the  4-4th  Reserve  Division,  the  55th  Reserve  Infantry  Regi- 
ment and  the  2d  Reserve  Guard  Division  and  IIk;  itDth  Resor^•o  Infantry  Regiment 
from  the  20th  Reserve  Division. 

1917. 
Artois. 

1.  Concentrated  at  Boyelles  (west  of  Croisilles)  on  February  fi,  1917,  the  220th 
Di\dBion  went  into  line  at  Ransart,  south  of  Arras.  About  March  18  it  took  part  in 
the  retirement  of  the  German  forces  and  established  its  position  at  H^nin  sur  Cojeul, 
Ecoust  St.  Menin,  Croisilles.  It  was  engaged,  in  April,  between  Croisilles  and  Arras. 
In  April  the  190th  Infantry  Regiment  replaced  the  207th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment. 

2.  Withdrawn  from  the  Arras  front  at  the  end  of  April,  the  220th  Di\-ision  was 
sent  to  rest  in  the  A-icinity  of  Montagne  du  Nord,  then  to  Belgium  between  May  G  and 
15. 

3.  It  came  back  to  its  old  sector  in  Artois  (Fontaine  les  Croisilles,  Bullecoml)  about 
May  29,  and  remained  there  until  about  July  G. 

Lens. 

4.  After  a  rest  in  the  rear  of  Douai,  northwest  of  Lens,  from  the  beginning  of  July 
to  the  middle  of  August,  the  division  was  engaged  near  Lens  from  August  IG  to  22. 

Ypres. 

5.  At  the  beginning  of  October  it  was  sent  to  Belgium.  On  the  12th  it  went  into 
line  east  of  Zonnebeke. 

Cambrai. 

6.  Sent  to  rest  about  October  15  in  the  vicinity  of  Bruges,  it  then  fought  on  the 
Cambrai  front,  south  of  Cr^vecoeur,  at  the  end  of  November  (German  counterattack). 

7.  It  was  sent  to  rest  in  December. 

EECRUITINO. 

The  220th  Di\-ision  may  be  considered  as  Wcstphalian  since  two  of  its  regiments 
were  normally  filled  up  from  the  7th  Corps  District,  and  since  the  99th  Reserve  In- 
fantry Regiment,  like  a  number  of  regiments  in  Alsace,  received  most  of  its  men 
from  there. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  regiments  of  the  220th  Division  did  not  appear  to  have  any  great  offensive 
value. 

The  division  lost  quite  heavily  in  the  sector  of  Lens  at  the  l)eginning  of  I91S. 

1918. 
La  Basse  e. 

1.  During  the  night  of  Decerhber  31 -January  1  it  relieved  the  1st  Guard  Reserve 
Division  in  the  IIulluch-Loos  sector  (south  of  La  Bass6e).  On  the  27th  it  was  relicAed 
by  the  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division. 

2.  A  day  or  two  later  it  relieved  the  207th  Di\-ision  in  the  sector  to  the  right  of  the 
one  it  had  just  held.  During  the  night  of  the  lSth-19th  of  Fel)ruary  it  was  relieved 
by  the  207th  Division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     695 

3.  It  went  back  to  the  Lens  sector  then  and  relieved  the  1st  Guard  Reserve  Division 
on  the  20th.  It  was  not  \\'ithdrawn  until  April  25,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  42d 
Division.  During  these  three  months  the  division  had  about  1,600  casualties  (mainly 
gas),  and  so  now  a  week  or  so  was  spent  refitting  in  the  region  north  of  Douai. 

4.  On  May  6  it  relieved  the  44th  Reserve  Di\dsion  southeast  of  Locon  (west  of  La 
Bass^e).  This  front  had  been  stabilized  by  now,  but  still  there  was  a  great  deal  of 
artillery  actii-ity  and  constant  raiding.  The  di\'ision  was  withdrawn  about  the  1st 
of  August,  the  neighboring  divisions  extending  their  fronts. 

Bapaume. 

5.  After  a  fortnight's  rest  the  division  reenforced  the  front  in  the  Biefvillers  sector 
(northwest  of  Bapaume)  about  the  20th  of  August.  It  was  withdrawn  about  the  3d 
of  September  after  losing  some  GOO  prisoners. 

Cambrai. 

6.  It  rested  again  for  a  fortnight,  and  then  reenforced  the  front  near  Bl^court  (north 
of  Cambrai)  about  the  29th  of  the  month.  It  was  hea\ily  engaged  here  and  suffered 
severely;  withdrawn  on  the  13th  of  October. 

Valenciennes. 

7.  About  the  21st  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Anzin  (northwest  of  Valenciennes). 
It  was  withdra^\^l  on  November  4. 

8.  On  the  7th  it  was  put  back  into  line  near  Elouges  (southwest  of  Ghislain);  it  was 
not  withdrawn  before  the  armistice. 

VALUE — 191S   ESTIMATE. 

The  220th  Division  was  not  used  in  any  of  the  German  offensives  during  1918;  on 
the  contrary,  its  role  seems  to  have  been  that  of  a  holding  di\'ision.  The  55th  Reserve 
Regiment  was  mentioned  as  having  displayed  "marked  gallantry"  in  the  German 
communique  of  October  2.     It  is  rated  as  a  second-class  division. 


G96     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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126  Light  Am.  Col. 
1276  Light  Am.  Col. 
1345  Light  Am.  Col. 

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1  Res.  Co.  25  Pions. 

2  Res.  Co.  21  Pions. 
431  T.  M.  Co. 

200  Searchlight  Section. 
221  Signal  Command: 
221  Tel.  Detch. 
71  Wireless  Detch. 

223  Ambulance  Co.                   , 
161  Field  Hospital. 
163  Field  Hospital. 
321  Vet.  Hospital. 

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82  Carrier  Pigeon  Loft. 
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238  Reconnaissance  relight. 

Elements  attached  Sept.  29, 1918. 

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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     697 

HISTORY. 

(4l8t  Infantry  Regiment:  1st  Corps  District— East  Prussia.  60th  Reserve  Infantry- 
Regiment:  21st  Corps  District— Lorraine.  1st  Reserve  Ersatz  Regiment:  Guard 
Depots.) 

1916. 

The  221st  Division  was  formed  in  the  Ardennes  (vicinity  of  Mouzon)  in  October, 

1916,  l)y  taking  the  41st  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  1st  Di\Tsion,  tlie  GOth  Reserve 

Infantry  Regiment  (21st  Corps  District)  from  the  1st  Bavarian  Landwehr  Division, 

'and  the  1st  Reserve  Ersatz  Regiment  (Guard  Depots)  from  the  1st  Reserve  Ersatz 

Brigade. 

SOMME. 

1.  A  short  time  after  its  formation  the  221st  Division  was  transferred  south  of  the 
Somme.  On  October  21-23  it  went  into  line  east  of  Berny;  it  remained  there  during 
the  entire  winter  of  1916-17  and  launched  only  a  few  local  attacks. 

1917. 
HiNDfiNBURG  Line. 

1.  At  the  end  of  March,  1917,  the  division  withdrew  with  the  German  Army  to  the 
new  positions  on  the  Hindenburg  Line,  northwest  of  St.  Quentin. 

Artois. 

2.  Relieved  about  April  8,  it  rested  for  10  days  near  Tournai,  and  on  April  27  went 
into  line  in  the  sector  of  Guemappe-Monchy  le  Preux  (southeast  of  Arras).  It  was 
seriously  engaged  against  the  British  offensive  until  May  8-9. 

■S.  About  May  28  it  returned  to  the  Hindenburg  Line  between  Moevres  and  Havrin- 
court. 

Flanders. 

4.  On  July  12  it  left  this  sector  for  Flanders,  where  it  was  sent  into  reserve  near 
Winckel-St.  Eloi.  It  did  not  take  part  as  a  whole  in  the  British  attack  of  July  31. 
On  August  1  the  entire  division  was  engaged  in  the  sector  of  Zonnebeke,  where  it 
launched  a  \dolent  counterattack,  in  the  course  of  which  it  lost  heavily. 

5.  The  221st  Division  was  relieved  from  the  Ypres  front  during  the  night  of  August 
3-4,  but  left  some  units  in  line  until  the  10th.  Transferred  to  Champagne,  it  went 
into  line  east  of  Auberive  on  August  17,  without  having  had  any  rest.  It  there  filled 
up  its  effectives  (-with  replacements  comprising  a  large  proportion  of  the  1918  class). 
Its  activity  was  not  manifested  there  except  by  a  few  raids.  • 

Cambrai. 

6.  On  November  7  the  division  left  the  Champagne  front,  was  transferred  to  Belgium, 
and  remained  at  rest  at  Deynze  until  November  23.  On  this  date  it  was  taken  by 
railroad  to  the  Cambrai  front,  attacked  by  the  British  troops.  Sent  into  line  between 
Bourlon  and  Fontaine-Notre  Dame  on  the  27th,  it  took  part  in  the  German  counter- 
attack.    Relieved  on  December  7,  it  rested  for  a  month  in  the  vicinity  of  Douai. 

RECRUITING. 

The  division  was  very  mixed.  The  1st  Reserve  Ersatz  Regiment,  originating  in 
the  Guard  depots,  was  recruited  from  the  entire  Province  of  Prussia;  the  41st  Infantry 
Regiment  (from  East  Prussia)  was  one  of  the  regiments  of  the  Prussian  Army  which 
had  received  the  most  replacements  because  of  losses;  the  GOth  Reserve  Infantry 
Regiment  comprised  a  majority  of  Westphalians  and  men  from  the  Rhine  Province, 
Ijut  also  a  large  number  from  other  corps  districts. 


698     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  221st  Division  always  gave  a  good  account  of  itself  in  the  battles  in  which  it 
took  part.  The  1st  Reserve  Ersatz  Regiment,  especially,  in  the  course  of  the  attacks 
of  November,  1916,  showed  great  tenacity  on  tlie  defensive  and  great  vigor  on  the 
offensive. 

The  morale  of  the  221st  Di\Tsion  was  good  in  Xovemljer,  1917.  The  general  com- 
manding the  di\Tsion  and  the  major  commanding  the  list  Infantrj^  Regiment  both 
received  the  order  '  'Pour  le  Merite. " 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  division  continued  to  hold  the  sector  near  the  Arras-Cambrai  road  until 
shortly  before  the  March  offensive.  It  was  ^\•ithdrawn,  given  a  short  rest,  and  at- 
tacked on  the  21st  at  Queant.  In  two  days  it  advanced  as  far  as  Ervillers  (north  of 
Bapaume).     From  the  25th  of  !March  to  April  16  it  rested  in  close  support. 

2.  On  April  16  the  division  was  engaged  the  second  time  in  the  battle.  It  entered 
south  of  Arras  in  the  Boyelles  sector  and  remained  there  until  May  25,  when  it  was 
relieved  by  the  5th  Bavarian  Division. 

3.  The  division  rested  and  trained  for  almost  two  months  in  the  locality  east  of 
Douai  (Bruille,  Somain,  Aniches).  The  45th  Regiment,  coming  from  tlie  [Macedonian 
front,  replaced  the  1st  Reserve  Ersatz  Regiment,  which  was  dissolved.  Toward  the 
end  of  July  the  division  marched  by  stages  to  Noyon.  It  was  held  in  reserve  west  of 
that  place  from  July  SO-August  8. 

Battle  of  the  Santerre  and  Second  Battle  op  Picardt. 

4.  On  August  9  the  division  was  engaged  at  Arvillers-Hengest.  In  two  days  it  was 
thrown  back  on  Andechy,  west  of  Roye.  It  was  re-formed  to  the  north  and  then  to 
the  southwest  of  Nesle  (Aug.  11-17).  It  was  reengaged  on  the  18th,  and  between 
that  and  the  27th  fought  north  and  south  of  the  Aore  near  R^jye  (St.  !Mard-Sancourt). 
Again  it  was  pushed  back  on  the  Canal  du  Nord  at  Buverchy-Libermnnt  (Aug. 
26-27).  Its  retreat  continued  toward  Ham  (Sept.  3^)  and  St.  Quentin  (5th-8th). 
After  that  the  division  was  in  line  near  Fontaine  les  Cleres  and  Dallon  until  Septem- 
ber 28.     About  1,000  prisoners  were  taken  from  the  division  in  this  last  sector. 

5.  The  division  was  reengaged  almost  immediately  south  of  Joncourt,  Levergies, 
and  Sequehort  (Sept.  30).  By  October  10  it  had  reached  Fresnoy  le  Frand.  It  was 
withdrawn  on  the  10th  and  rested  a  week  near  Bergues  sur  Sambre. 

6.  On  the  18th  it  was  engaged  in  the  sector  of  the  forest  d'Antigny  (near  Wassigny). 
It  retreated  across  the  Sambre  Canal  on  the  19th  and  passed  into  reserve.  On  the  24th 
it  was  reengaged  near  the  Serre  River  (west  of  La  Ferte  Clievresis).  In  the  final  re- 
treat it  fell  back  through  La  Eerie  la  Vieville,  Laigny,  and  east  of  Vervins.  It  was 
in  line  on  November  11. 

value — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  second  class.  It  was  u.sed  as  an  attack  division  in  the 
March  offensive  and  as  a  counterattack  division  in  tlie  last  three  months  of  the  war. 
It  was  noted  for  its  energetic  higher  command.  When  called  in  to  oppose  the  French 
attack  near  Roye  in  August,  the  division  had  a  rifle  strength  of  4,000.  By  the  end  of 
October  this  had  been  reduced  to  about  1,000.  The  45th  Regiment  was  reduced  to 
four  small  companies  by  October  24.  The  41st  and  60th  Reserve  Regiments  had  but 
three  companies  to  a  l^attalion. 

The  division  fought  very  well  in  spite  of  its  losses  and  fatigue  in  the  final  months. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     699 


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345  Pion.  Co. 
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175  FMeld  Hospital. 
322  Vet.  Hospital. 

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700     DmSIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(81st  Reserve  Regiment:  18th  Corps  District — Hesse-Xassau.  193d  Reserve  Retji- 
ment:  7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.  397th  Reserve  Regiment:  2d  Corps  District 
—  Pomerania.) 

1916. 

Formed  about  September  11,  1916,  behind  the  front  north  of  Verdun,  the  222d 
Di\ision  took  two  of  its  regiments  from  existing  divisions — the  81st  Reserve  Regiment 
from  the  21st  Reserve  Division,  and  the  193d  Reserve  Regiment  from  the  192d  Division. 
Its  third  regiment,  the  397th,  was  formed  at  Stenay  from  elements  of  the  IGth  and  53d 
Reserve  Regiments  (13th  Reserve  Division),  of  the  159th  Regiment  (14th  Reserve 
Division),  of  the  118th  Infantry  Regiment  (56th  Division),  and  especially  from  the 
140th  Infantry  Regiment  (4th  Division). 

1.  From  September  15  to  October  24,  1916,  the  222d  Division  was  at  rest  in  Alsace 
in  the  vicinity  of  Rouffach. 

SOMME. 

2.  Entrained  on  October  25,  it  was  transferred  to  the  vicinity  of  Cambrai  by  way 
of  Sarrebruecken,  Aix  la  Chapelle,  Brussels,  Tournai.  About  November  5  it  went 
into  action  on  the  Somme  front  near  Lesboeufs,  Le  Transloy,  and  remained  in  line 
until  December  7-8. 

3.  After  a  few  dav's  of  rest  it  was  sent  by  railroad  into  the  Laonnois.  Detraining  at 
St.  Erme  between  December  15  and  29  it  took  over  the  sector  of  the  Mile  aux  Bois 
(southeast  of  Craonne),  which  it  occupied  until  February  15,  1917. 

1917. 

1.  Upon  its  release  the  222d  Division  was  employed  in"  defensiv^e  works  behind  the 
Aisne-Oise  fi'ont  (north  of  La  F^re,  St.  Gobain,  Laffaux,  Chavignon). 

AlSNE. 

2.  About  March  16,  1917,  it  was  engaged  east  of  Soissons  (Vregny-Combe  Plateau); 
counterattacked  on  March  21  north  of  Missy  sur  Aisne;  retired  in  the  direction  of  the 
Laffaux  Mill-Jouy-Aizy  (at  the  beginning  of  April)  and  fought  on  this  front  April 
18  to  21. 

The  193d  Infantry  Regiment,  sent  as  reenforcement  troops  to  Soupir,  suffered  serious 
losses  there  and  retired  by  way  of  Ostel  on  April  20. 

3.  The  222d  Division,  having  established  its  position  between  Laffaux  Mill  and 
Malmaison  Farm,  was  again  sev^erely  tried  during  the  attacks  of  May  5  and  6. 

4.  Withdrawn  from  the  Aisne  front  on  May  13,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  area  Marle- 
Vervins  and  reorganized . 

5.  At  the  end  of  June  the  division  took  over  its  former  sector  (Laffaux),  where  the 
attack  of  July  8  was  the  only  inportant  action  in  which  it  took  part  during  this  time, 
which  lasted  until  the  beginning  of  August. 

6.  After  a  short  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Montigny,  it  came  back  into  line  (Ailles-north 
of  Hurtebise)  about  September  5  and  remained  in  this  sector  until  November  2.  At 
this  time  it  took  part  in  the  withdrawal  and  occupied  new  positions  north  of  the  Ailette. 

7.  On  November  28,  the  222d  Division  was  relieved  in  the  sectf)r  of  Chermizy  and 
sent  to  rest  at  Lat)n  and  in  the  vicinity  of  Marie  (one  month's  training). 

8.  At  the  end  of  December  it  occupied  the  front  Brancourt-Anizy. 

RECRUmXC. 

The  Slst  Raserv  e  Infantry  Regiment  and  the  193d  Infantry  Regiment  were  re- 
cruited in  the  Rhine  districts  (Hesse-Nassau,  Rhine  Province,  and  Westphalia). 
Many  elements  from  these  same  regions  were  in  the  397th  Infantry  Regiment  in  ad- 
dition to  Pomeranians. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IIST  WAE.     701 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Although  it  haa  suffered  only  slight  losses  since  the  beginning  of  November,  1917, 
the  222d  Di\dsion  was  exhausted  by  a  stay  of  more  than  seven  months  in  the  different 
sectors  of  the  Aisne.     It  is  a  mediocre  division  (Januarj%  1918"). 

During  its  rest  in  December  the  division  received  continual  but  moderate  training, 
like  the  maneuvers  of  peace  times.     (Interrogation  of  prisoner,  Feb.  4,  1918.) 

AlLETTE. 

1.  This  was  a  very  quiet  sector  and  the  division  remained  here  without  incident 
until  the  Somme  offensive  was  well  under  way.  However,  the  di\Tsion  took  part  in 
the  attacks  of  April  7  and  8,  when  the  enemy  endeavored  to  squeeze  out  the  new 
salient  of  Coucy  le  Chateau,  which  was  developed  by  the  progress  of  the  main  advance 
toward  Montdidier.     It  suffered  hea^-ily  in  several  attacks  but  gained  little  ground. 

MONTDIDIER. 

2.  About  the  3d  of  May  the  division  was  withdrawn  and  sent  to  the  front  southeast 
of  Montdidier,  where  the  main  battle  line  had  stabilized,  but  where  infantry  was  still 
continuing,  and  during  the  night  of  the  9th-l0th  relieved  the  206th  Di^-ision  in  the 
Assain\-illers  sector.  However,  the  sector  soon  grew  quiet.  The  di\-ision  remained 
in  line  and  took  part  in  the  battle  of  the  Oise  on  June  9,  advancing  \-ia  Courcelles  to 
Merj'.  The  di\-ision  made  but  little  headway  (it  ^-ill  be  remembered  that  this  whole 
offensive  failed)  and  suffered  heavy  losses  in  several  days  of  hard  fighting.  It  was 
relieved  by  the  11th  Division  about  the  8th  of  July  and  went  to  rest  near  Coucy  le 
Chateau. 

Soissoxs. 

3.  During  the  night  of  the  25th-26th  the  division  reenforced  the  front  near  Xouvron 
(northwest  of  Soissons).  Here  it  was  subjected  to  the  full  weight  of  the  attack  of  the 
18th  of  August  and  was  driven  back  to  Audignicourt  and  the  Ailette.  After  having 
suffered  very  heavy  losses  (1829  prisoners),  it  was  withdrawn  about  the  27th  and  went 
to  rest  near  Laon.  About  the  middle  of  September  it  was  disbanded,  the  81st  Re 
serve  Regiment  going  to  the  21st  Reserve  Division,  the  193d  Regiment  going  to  the 
14th  Division,  and  the  397th  Regiment  going  to  the  45th  Reserve  Division. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  222d  was  rated  a  second-class  division.  It  took  little  part  in  offensive  oper- 
ations but  was  not  incapable  of  putting  up  a  tenacious  defense.  In  June  two  of  its 
regiments  threatened  to  leave  the  trenches  if  they  were  not  relieved,  but  the  difficulty 
seems  to  have  been  smoothed  over  though  there  was  no  relief  until  July  8.  It  is  in- 
teresting to  note  that  the  divisions  receiving  regiments  when  the  222d  was  disbanded 
were  all  eecond-class  units. 


702     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DrVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     703 

HISTORY. 

(144 tL  Infantry  Regiment:  16th  Corps  District — Lorraine.  173d  Infantry  Regiment: 
16th  Corps  District — Lorraine.  29th  Ersatz  Regiment:  14th  Corps  District — Grand 
Duchy  of  Baden.) 

1916. 

The  223d  Division  was  concentrated  at  Mulhousen  at  the  beginning  of  October, 
1916.  Its  regiments  formerly  belonged  to  other  divisions.  The  144th  Infantry  Regi- 
ment was  taken  from  the  3d  Division  on  the  Verdun  front;  the  173d  from  the  34th 
Division,  then  at  Thiaumont;  the  29th  Ersatz  from  the  39th  Bavarian  Reserve  Di-\d- 
sion,  on  the  Lorraine  front. 

1.  Entraining  at  Mulhousen  on  October  26,  1916,  the  223d  Division  was  transferred 
to  the  north  by  way  of  Sarrelouis-Treves-Aix  la  Chapelle-Louvain-Brussels- Valen- 
ciennes, and  detrained  north  of  Cambrai  on  October  28.  During  the  night  of  Novem- 
ber 11-12  it  came  to  the  Ancre  front  (Serre-Grancourt)  and  lost  heavily  there. 

2.  Relieved  about  November  25,  it  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  area  east  of  Cambrai. 
Elements  of  the  173d  Infantry  Regiment  were  sent  on  detached  ser\'lce  south  of 
Bapaume  (Ligny-Tilloy). 

1917. 
Champagne. 

1.  At  the  end  of  January,  1917,  the  223d  Division  left  the  Cambrai  area  for  Champagne. 
It  occupied  the  sector  north  of  Rheims  (Witry  les  Rheims,  March  and  April). 

2.  About  April  27  it  was  engaged  south  of  Lauroy  at  Mont  Cornillet  and  lost  hea\'ily 
between  April  30  and  May  8. 

G  ALICIA. 

3.  Withdrawn  from  the  Champagne  front  about  May  18,  the  223d  Di\'ision  was 
transferred  to  Galicia.  (Itinerary:  Amagne  (May  21)-Sedan-Thion\'ille-Sarre- 
bruecken-Frankfort-Leipzig-Breslau-Cracow-Lemberg.  It  detrained  at  Zloczow, 
May  26. 

4.  At  the  beginning  of  July  it  opposed  the  Russian  offensive  in  the  vicinity  of 
Brzezany;  on  July  18,  it  took  part  in  the  Austro-German  counterattack  and  marched 
in  the  direction  of  Husiatyn,  which  it  reached  on  the  30th  and  remained  in  line  there 
until  the  middle  of  December.  It  was  sent  in  reserve  on  this  date,  and  prepared  to 
leave  for  the  Western  Front,  borrowing  men  from  the  regiments  of  the  83d  Division. 

RECRUITING. 

The  223d  Division  was  recruited  from  Westphalia  and  the  Rhine  Pro\'ince  so  far 
as  concerns  the  144th  and  173d  Infantry  Regiments.  The  29th  Ersatz  Regiment 
came  from  the  Grand  Duchy  of  Baden. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  223d  Di\'ision  may  be  considered  good. 

1918. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

1.  The  di\dsion  rested  in  a  camp  at  Sissonne  until  March  19,  after  which  it  was 
railed  to  La  Fere,  arriv-ing  there  on  March  21. 

2.  On  the  second  day  of  the  attack  it  was  engaged  near  Tergnier-Chaimy  and  ad- 
vanced to  the  Guiscard  region  by  the  24th.  Shortly  after  its  withdrawal  from  Guis- 
card  (25th)  it  took  over  the  Morlincourt-Appilly  sector  on  the  Oise  (east  of  Noyon) 
and  held  it  until  May  1. 


704     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

East  of  Oise. 

3.  It  rested  near  Guiscard  during  the  first  half  of  May.  On  the  15th  it  was  engaged 
in  front  of  Noyon  (Larbroye-Mont  Renand-Pont  I'Eveque)  luitil  the  30th.  It  took 
part  in  the  Oise  offensive  of  June,  crossing  the  river  and  advancing  in  the  Bois  de 
Carlepont  in  the  direction  of  Caisnes  and  Cuts.  It  established  itself  on  the  line  Bail- 
ley-Tracy  le  Val-Oise  and  held  that  sector  until  the  French  attack  of  August  18. 

OlSE-AlSNE. 

4.  The  French  attack  of  the  18th  threw  the  di\'ision  back  on  Salency.  It  was 
relieved  on  the  22d  and  railed  to  Anizy  le  Chateau  the  same  day.  From  there  it 
was  taken  to  north  of  Soissons  and  reengaged  on  the  29th  on  the  Une  Chau^dgny- 
Juvigny.     In  these  two  engagements  the  di^^.sion  lost  688  prisoners. 

5.  The  division  had  lost  heavily  in  March  and  in  the  August  fighting.  Its  morale 
was  poor.  The  authority  of  the  officers  was  low  and  desertions  were  frequent.  As 
a  result  the  division  was  dissolved  in  September.  Its  effectives  were  turned  into 
the  52d,  103d,  and  115th  Divisions. 

VALUE — 191S    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  I'rior  to  the  March  offensive  it  had  been 
regarded  a  good  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN-  AEMY  Wllion  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     705 


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706      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(429th  Landwehr:  3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.     19th  Landwehr:  5th  Corps  Dis- 
trict— Posen.     Gist  Landwehr:  17th  Corps  District — West  Prussia.) 

1916. 
Russia. 

1.  Upon  its  formation  the  224th  Di^'ision  appeared  on  the  Eastern  Front  about 
October,  1916. 

2.  At  this  time  it  was  near  the  31st  Division,  north  of  Lake  Narotch. 

1917. 

VOLHYNIA-SVINIOUKI. 

1.  At  the  lieginning  of  Febriiary,  1917,  the  composition  of  the  224th  Di^^8ion  ap- 
peared to  be  as  follows:  lOth  Landwehr  Regiment  taken  from  the  18th  Landwehr 
Division;  61st  Landwehr  Regiment,  from  the  85th  I-andwehr  Division,  and  the  429th 
Landwehr  Regiment,  a  new  formation  (1916). 

2.  The  224th  DiA'ision  then  occupied  the  sector  of  Sviniouki  in  Volhynia.  It 
remained  there  during  the  entire  year  of  1917,  during  the  latter  months  furnishing 
important  replacements  to  the  Western  Front,  to  such  a  degree  that  in  November 
the  companies  of  the  429th  Landwehr  did  not  have  more  than  100  men  left  (Russian 
interrogation). 

RECRUITING. 

The  224th  Division  was  recruited  from  Brandenburg  and  the  eastern  Provinces  of 
the  empire. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  di^'ision  was  on  the  Russian  front  from  its  formation  and  was  of  mediocre  combat 
value. 

In  December,  1917,  in  Volhynia,  50  men  of  the  youngest  classes  were  taken  from 
each  company  of  the  429th  Landwehr  Regiment  to  ho.  sent  to  the  Flanders  front. 

In  January,  1918,  the  companies  of  the  61st  Landwehr  Regiment  were  composed 
of  men  of  the  Landsturm.     (Prisoner's  statement,  Jan.  13.) 

1918. 
Volhynia. 

At  the  beginning  of  March  the  diAdsion  left  the  Sviniouki  region  and  went  vda 
Pinsk  to  Gomel. 
Ukraine. 

2.  Toward  the  end  of  April  the  division  was  identified  in  the  Vorojva  region  (south- 
west of  Koursk).  On  the  9th  of  September  the  division  was  identified  a  little  farther 
to  the  north  in  the  Delgorod  region. 

WOEVRE. 

3.  On  Sei)tember  29  the  di\nsion  was  relieved  (probably  by  the  45th  Landwehr 
Division )  and,  entraining  at  Sadtowo,  traveled  via,  Kubiantz-Kharkov-Kiev-Kovel- 
Kattovitz^Dresd en-Frankfort  on  the  Main-Saarbrueken-Metz-Batilly,  where  it  de- 
trained on  October  12.  Resting  here  until  the  16th,  it  marched  via  Bruville-Mars  la 
Pour-Cham bley  and  relieved  the  88th  Division  during  the  night  of  the  16th- 17th 
south  of  Dampvitoux.  The  division  was  identified  by  prisoners  on  Novemlier  7  here 
and  does  not  seem  to  have  been  withdrawn  before  the  armistice. 

value — 191S    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  a  very  poor  one.  About  the  middle  of  the  summer  the  best  men 
were  chosen  to  be  sent  to  the  Western  Front.  They  were  paraded  before  the  com- 
manding general  and  when  they  reached  the  place  where  he  was  standing  they  dropped 
their  guns  and  went  back  to  the  casern.  Later  when  the  whole  division  was  to  como 
to  the  west,  the  men  were  far  from  satisfied,  not  being  entirely  consoled  when  they 
were  informed  that  they  were  to  enter  a  quiet  sector. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     707 


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708     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(18th  Reserve:  181h  Corps  Division— East  Prussia.     217th  Reserve:  7th  Corps  Dis- 
trict—Westphalia.    373d  Infantr>'  Regiment:  1st  Corps  District— East  Prussia.) 

1916. 

The  225th  Division,  including  the  ISth  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  (from  the  1st 
Reserve  Division),  the  217th  Reserve  Infantry  Regiment  (from  the  47th  Reserve 
Division),  and  the  373d  Infantry  Regiment  (from  the  10th  Landwehr  Division),  was 
formed  on  the  Eastern  Front  in  the  \icinity  of  Wladimir-\'olynski  about  September, 
191G. 
Roumania-Transylvania. 

1.  In  November,  1916,  the  225th  Division  was  transferred  to  the  Roumanian  Car- 
pathians.    It  was  there  in  December  in  the  valley  of  the  Uz. 

1917. 

ROUMANIA. 

1.  During  the  first  half  of  1917  the  225th  Division  occupied  the  calm  sectors  in  the 
vicinity  of  Uz  (Hills  1031  and  1640). 

2.  In  Julv  the  373d  Infantry  Regiment  was  transferred  to  the  v-alley  of  the  Putna 
to  withstand  the  Russo- Roumanian  offensive.  The  division  took  part  in  the  Austro- 
German  counterattack  and  established  its  positions  near  Ocna  in  September  and 
October. 

France. 

3.  Relieved  about  November  11,  it  went  to  Bereczk,  where  it  entrained  on  the 
18th  for  the  Western  Front.  (Itinerary-:  Kronstadt  (Brasso)-Budapest-Vienna- 
Munich-Carlsruhe-Sarrebruecken.)  It  detrained  on  November  25  at  Vallieres- 
Vantoux,  near  Metz,  and  from  there  was  transferred  to  the  vicinity  of  Vigneulles 
(Cote  de  Meuse). 

Cote  de  Meuse. 

4.  On  December  4-5,  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Chevalierswood,  south  of  \'aux  les 
Palameix-Seuzey . 

RECRUITING. 

Two  regiments  were  drawn  from  East  Prussia  (18th  Reserve  and  372d  Infantry 
Regiment),  the  217th  Reserve  from  Westphalia. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  225th  Division  wliich  comprised  drafts  from  Baden,  Alsace,  Westphalia,  East 
Prussia,  and  the  Rhine  was  not  homogeneous  and  was  not  considered  as  a  fighting 
division. 

The  18th  Reserve  Regiment  had  a  bad  reputation.  On  January  6,  1917,  it  refused 
to  attack  at  Hill  1298  in  Hungan,'.  (Interrogation  of  prisoners  Feb.  3  and  Mar.  17, 
1918.) 

The  division  included  a  lai^e  number  of  Polos.  However,  men  of  the  young  classes 
gradually  replaced  the  older  men,  who  still  made  up  a  large  part  of  the  division  in 
1917;  consequently,  the  combat  value  of  the  division  may  have  improved. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  Woevre  sector  until  the  beginning  of  May.  It  entrained 
at  Jeandelize  about  May  15  and  was  railed  by  Sedan,  Givet,  Dmant,  Namur,  Charleroi, 
Mons,  and  Cambrai.  It  detrained  near  Perorwne  and  marched  toward  the  Avre  front 
by  Chaulnes,  Rosieres  en  Santerre. 


DWISIOITS  OF  GERMA:!s:  army  which  participated  IN"  WAH.     709 

Battle  of  the  Santeuke. 

2.  It  was  engaged  north  of  Moreiiil  (east  of  the  Villers  aux  Erables-Thennes)  on  May 
22.  The  Allied  attack  struck  the  division  and  throw  it  back  on  Beaufort,  losing  2,358 
prisoners.  It  was  relieved  on  the  10th  and  rested  lb  days.  Reengaged  on  the  25th 
east  of  Albert  (Contalmaison,  Montauban)  the  division  again  lost  heavily.  It  was 
withdrawn  on  the  30th. 

3.  After  its  withdrawal  the  division  was  dissolved  to  the  profit  of  the  1st  Reserve 
Division  and  2d  Division. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  In  the  August  fighting  in  Picardy  it  did  not 
make  a  strong  resistance.  In  the  two  engagements  in  August  the  division  lost  3  593 
prisoners. 


710     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 


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DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     711 

HISTORY. 

(2d  Corps  District — Pomeraiiia.) 

1916. 

The  226th  Division  was  formed  about  December,  1916. 
Russia. 

1.  At  the  end  of  December  it  was  identified  on  the  Eastern  Front  in  the  vicinity 
of  Smorgoni,  forming,  mth  the  205th  Division,  the  3d  (reenforced)  Reserve  Corps  of 
the  10th  Army. 

1917. 

1.  The  226th  Division  inchided  in  1917  the  2d  and  9th  Landwehr  Regiments  (5th 
Landwehr  Brigade),  taken  from  the  35th  Reserve  Division,  and  the  439th  Infantrj^ 
Regiment,  formed  in  1916. 

Smorgoni. 

2.  The  division  occupied  the  sector  of  Smorgoni-Krevo  from  January  until  August, 
1917.  In  this  sector  it  received  the  Russian  attacks  of  July  2  and  23,  which  caused 
it  very  heavy  losses,  in  consequence  of  which  Emperor  William  II  called  himseM 
commander  of  the  2d  Landwehr  Regiment. 

3.  About  the  ])eginning  of  August  the  226th  Division  was  relieved  south  of  Smorgoni 
and  replaced  the  123d  Di\Tsion  south  of  Lake  Svir.  In  November  the  2d  Landwehr 
Regiment  sent  men  to  reenforce  the  121st  Division  and  the  9th  Landwehr  to  reenforce 
the  2d  Guard  Di\Tsion. 

Lake  Narotch. 

4.  In  December  the  division  was  in  line  north  of  Lake  Narotch,  relieving  the  Slat 
Dixdsion,  which  was  sent  to  the  Western  Front. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  still  there  in  January,  1918.     It  was  dissolved  in  June. 

R0UMANL\.. 

2.  The  presence  of  the  headquarters  of  the  226th  Divdsion  at  Targovistea  was  re- 
ported early  in  October.  These  headquarters  apparently  had  under  its  order  the 
58th  Reserve  Field  Artillerj-  Regiment,  of  which  the  headquarters  and  three  batteries 
are  at  Bucharest,  the  remaining  batteries  at  Durnu  Margurelf ,  Targovistea,  and  Cantu- 
lung. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


712     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

227tli  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

49  Ldw. 

417. 
441. 
477. 

49  Ldw. 

417  and  477. 

Cavalry 

(?) 

1  Sqn.  10  Hus.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

92  F.  A.  Rgt. 

227  Art.  Command: 

92  F.  A.  Rgt. 

3  Abt.  20  Ft.  A.  Rgt.  (9  and  11 

Btrics). 
853  Light  Am.  Col. 
1102  Light  Am.  Col. 
113  Light  Am.  Col. 

Kngiucersand  Liaisons. 

227rion.  Bin.: 
339  I'ion.  Co. 
347  Pion.  Co. 
162  T.  M.  Co. 
227  Tel.  Detch. 

227  I'ion.  Btn.: 

339  Pion.  Co. 

347  I'ion.  Co. 

162  T.  M.  Co. 

213  Searchlight  Section. 
227  Signal  Command: 

227  Tel.  Detch. 

155  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical    and    Veteri- 
nary. 

65  Ambulance  Co. 
27S  Fipld  Hospital. 
2S5  FieUl  Hospital. 
Vc'l.  Hospital. 

65  Ambulance  Co. 
278  Field  Hosi)iial. 
285  Fickl  Hospital. 
208  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

M.  T.  Col. 

637  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(417th  Infantry  Regiment;  14th  Corps  District — Grand  Duchy  of  Baden.  441st  In- 
fantry Regiment;  18th  Corps  District — Ilesso-Nassau.  477th  Infantry  Regiment; 
8th  Corps  District — Rhine  Province.) 

1917. 

The  227th  Division,  formed  in  March,  1917,  was  composed  of  three  newly-formed 
regiments — the  417th  (Baden),  the  441st  (18th  District — Ilesse),  the  477th,  formed 
by  drafts  upon  the  units  of  the  38th  and  13th  Divisions  and  upon  the  Ifith  Corps, 
then  attached  after  its  formation  in  the  autumn  of  1916  to  the  33d  Di\ision  of  this 
corps. 
Aroonne. 

1.  The  227th  Division  was  identified  for  the  first  time  on  March  27,  1917,  on  the 
Argonne  front.     It  occupied  the  cahn  sector  of  the  l*ille-Morto  until  May  26. 

AlSNE. 

2.  Abt)ut  June  1  it  went  into  line  south  of  the  Aisno  (La  Neuville-Codat)  and 
extended  its  sector,  at  the  beginning  of  July,  to  Hill  108  (Sapigncul). 

3.  Relieved  about  August  5,  it  was  sent  for  rest  and  training  to  the  .\sfeld  area. 
On  August  20  it  went  into  line  north  of  Berry  au  Bac,  between  the  Miette  and  Hill 
108,  from  which  it  was  withdrawn  on  August  2. 

The  division  did  not  take  part  in  any  important  engagement  on  the  Aisne  front. 
Its  losses  were  very  slight. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     713 

Flanders. 

4.  On  October  5  and  6  the  227th  Di\dsion  entrained  at  Amagnc  (east  of  Rethel), 
and  was  transferred  to  Belgium  by  way  of  Hirson-Tournai-Courtrai-Thielt.  Detrain- 
ing at  Pitthem  on  October  6  and  7,  it  reached  the  front  north  of  Poepcappelle  on  the 
night  of  the  8th-9th,  was  in  action  for  a  week  and  suffered  very  heavy  losses. 

5.  The  division  left  the  Ypres  front  about  October  15  to  go  to  Ghent  (two  days), 
then  into  the  Champagiie  in  the  Adcinity  of  Aussonce.  It  was  filled  up  with  three 
replacements,  the  most  important  of  which  was  made  up  of  1,200  men  taken  from  units 
on  the  Eastern  Front,  especially  from  the  12th  Landwehr  Division,  from  the  same 
Provinces  as  the  227th  DiAdsion  (end  of  October). 

Champagne. 

6.  At  the  beginning  of  November  the  227th  Di\-ision  went  into  line  north  of  Cor- 
nillet. 

RECRUITING. 

The  227th  Division  was  recruited  from  the  Rhine  Districts  (Baden,  Hesse-Nassau, 
the  Rhine  Pro^dnce),  which  gives  rise  to  a  certain  homogeneity. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  227th  Division  lost  very  heavily  in  Flanders  and  received  as  replacements  a 
certain  number  of  men  coming  from  the  Russian  front  whose  combat  value  was 
mediocre  (October,  1917). 

The  227th  Division  was  of  only  mediocre  offensive  value. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  About  the  middle  of  January  the  227th  Division  was  relieved  by  the  28th  Divi- 
sion and  went  to  the  Juniville  area,  where  it  was  intensively  trained  in  open  warfare 
with  a  view  to  its  being  used  as  an  assault  division. 

2.  On  February  16  it  relieved  the  28th  DiAdsion.  It  was  withdra\vn  toward  the 
end  of  March. 

PiCARDY. 

3.  About  the  10th  of  April  it  relieved  the  5th  Guard  I)i\dsion  near  Canny  sur  Matz 
(west  of  Lassigny).  The  battle  of  the  Somme  had  come  to  end  by  this  time,  and  so, 
although  there  was  still  considerable  artillery  acti\dty  here,  the  di\'ision  was  not 
seriously  engaged  in  infantry  attacks,  and  remained  in  line  until  relieved  by  the 
75th  Reserve  Division  during  the  night  of  May  16-17,  when  it  went  to  rest  and  be 
trained  in  the  region  of  Ham. 

OlSE. 

4.  On  June  7  it  started  to  march  to  the  front  \da  Ognolles-Champien  Wood-Beuv- 
raignes-Crapeaumosnil.  On  the  9th  it  attacked  through  the  line  and  succeeded  in 
passing  Ricquebourg,  Ressons,  and  Marqueglise.  This  advance  cost  the  divisions 
heavy  losses,  and  it  suffered  still  more  heavily  when  the  French  counterattacked  in 
force  on  the  12tbt  The  following  day  it  was  relieved  by  the  17th  Reser\-e  Di\dsion 
and  marched  by  stages  to  the  region  east  of  St.  Quentin. 

Woe  V  RE. 

5.  About  the  20th  it  entrained  at  Origny  and  traveled  via  Charleville-Sedan- 
Longuyon-Con^an8-Da^ip^'itoux,  where  it  detrained  the  21st  and  22d.  It  relieved 
the  8th  Bavarian  Resene  Division  in  the  St.  Baussant-Rit hecourt  sector  (south  of 
Thiaucourt)  on  the  27th.     It  was  relieved  by  the  10th  DiAdsion  on  the  22d  of  August. 

SOISSONS. 

C.  About  the  30th  it  reenforced  the  front  in  the  Terny-Sorny  sector  (north  of  Sois- 
Bons).    It  was  withdrawn  about  the  8th  of  September. 


714      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

AlSNE. 

7.  There  was  some  talk  of  dissohdng  the  division  at  this  time,  but  it  was  not  done, 
and  it  came  hack  into  lino,  relieving  the  17th  Di^d^ion  in  the  Pont-Arcy  sector  (east 
of  \'ailly)  on  the  17th.  It  remained  in  line,  falling  back  via  j\Ionch&lons-Coucy  les 
Eppes-Pierrepont-Montcornet-Ebouleau-Renneval-Jeahtes  la  Ville.  It  had  not 
been  withdrawn  on  the  11th. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  227th  was  rated  a  third-class  division.  It  was  in  no  heavy  fighting  during 
1918  until  June,  when  it  did  not  distinguish  itself,  neither  advancing  far  nor  holding 
its  ground  in  counterattack.  Its  conduct,  however,  can  not  be  characterized  as  poor. 
It  is  to  be  noted,  moreover,  that  the  division  commander  was  awarded  '"Pour  le 
Merita"  in  July. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     715 

228tli  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

104. 

35  Fus. 

48. 

207  Res. 

104. 

35. 

48. 

207  Res. 

Cavalry 

1  Sqn.  1  Uhlan  Rgt. 

1  Sqn.  1  Uhlan  Rgt. 

Artillery 

228  Art.  Command: 
39  F.  A.  Rgt. 

228  Art.  Command: 

39  F.  A.  Rgt. 

92  Ft.  A.  Btn.  (Staff,  and  1,  2,  and 
3  Btries). 

1143  Light  Am.  Col. 

1144  Light  Am.  Col. 

1145  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(228)  Pion.  Btn.: 
389  Pion.  Co. 
395  Pion.  Co. 
197  T.  M.  Co. 
Tel.  Detch. 

228  Pion.  Btn.: 

389  Pion.  Co. 

395  Pion.  Co. 

197  T.  M.  Co. 

lie  Searchlight  Section. 
228  Signal  Command: 

228  Tel.  Detch. 

56  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

567  Ambulance  Co. 
(>J  Field  Hospital. 
200  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

567  Ambulance  Co. 
63  Field  Hospital. 
260  Field  Hospital. 
55  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(3d  Corps  District — Brandenburg.) 

1917. 

The  228th  Di\i8ion  appears  to  have  been  formed  in  the  Sedan  area  in  May,  1917. 
Its  three  regiments  belonged  to  the  3d  Corps  District — the  35th  Fusileer  Regiment 
•was  taken  from  the  56th  Division,  the  48th  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  113th  Divi- 
sion, and  the  207th  Reserve  Regiment  from  the  220th  Division. 
Verdun. 

1.  On  Jime  22,  1917,  the  228th  Division  was  identified  on  the  Verdun  front  in  the 
sector  of  Les  Chambrettes  (35th  Fusileers).  It  was  still  in  line  on  the  right  bank  of 
the  Meuse  (Louvemont)  when  the  French  attacks  of  August  20-24  were  laimched. 
It  lost  hea\dly  there.  "Our  regiment  has  only  two  companies  left"  (letter  from  a 
man  of  the  48th  Infantry  Regiment,  Aug.  23). 

C6tes  de  Meuse. 

2.  Relieved  about  August  24,  it  was  sent  to  rest  for  a  few  days,  then  into  line 
again  about  September  6  on  the  Cotes  de  Meuse  (between  Moulainville  and  Damploup). 
It  was  reorganized  in  both  men  and  material.  At  the  end  of  Se])tcmber  900  men 
came  as  replatements  from  the  1st  Cori)s  District  (returned  wounded  for  the  most 
part).  The  35th  Fusileer  Regiment,  decimated  in  August,  remained  in  the  rear 
for  reorganization. 


716      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAB. 

RECRUITING. 

The  diviaon  was  purely  Brandenburg  (infantry  and  field  artillery). 

For  its  reorganization  after  the  attacks  of  August  20-24,  1917,  the  228th  Di\dsion 
received  replacements  from  the  1st  Corps  District.  A  replacement  unit  was  formed 
from  the  3d  Corps  District,  but  the  men  are  said  to  have  refused  to  leave  for  the 
Western  Front.  In  default  of  men  from  Brandenburg,  they  called  upon  the  1st  Corps 
District.     (Interrogation  of  prisoner,  Sept.  30,  1917.) 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

This  was  a  fairly  good  division. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  northeast  of  Verdun  in  mid-February  and  went  to 
rest  and  train  southeast  of  Montmedy  (near  Marvillej  until  March  17.  It  was  then 
railed  to  Picardy  via  Montmedy,  Sedan,  Hirson,  Aulnoye.  From  there  it  moved 
toward  the  front  by  Croix,  Maurois,  Beaurevoir,  Bellicourt,  Roisel,  Mam'epas,  Bray, 
arriving  there  on  the  27th. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  It  was  engaged  on  the  29th-30th  near  Le  Hamel,  north  of  Marcelcave,  and 
participated  in  hea\'y^  fighting  about  Hamel  until  April  13.  All  three  regiments  lost 
heavily  in  the  attack.  The  207th  Reserve  Regiment  was  too  weak  to  hold  more 
than  160  yards  of  front.  The  35th  Fusileer  Regiment  lost  700  men  ia  killed  and 
woimded.  Aiter  resting  from  April  13  to  18  the  division  wass  reengaged  on  the  18th. 
It  attacked  at  Villers-Bretonneux  on  the  24th  without  success.  After  suffering  very 
hea\'y  losses  the  division  was  withdrawn  on  April  27-28. 

Champagne. 

3.  On  the  28th  it  entrained  east  of  Peronne  and  was  railed  to  Valenciennes,  where 
it  rested  until  May  6-7.  From  rest  the  division  proceeded  to  south  of  Vouziers 
(May  7)  and  entered  line  near  Tahure  on  the  13th  and  held  that  c[uiet  sector  irntU 
July  15.  It  did  not  attack  in  the  offensive  in  Champagne,  but  remained  behind  in 
reserve  of  the  88th  Division.  Later  it  was  used  by  battalions  in  support  of  units  in 
line  until  the  end  of  the  month. 

4.  From  the  end  of  July  to  September  12  the  di\asion  held  a  quiet  sector  of  the 
line  near  Maisons  de  Champagne. 

5.  On  the  12th  it  was  moved  to  Spincourt  by  Mezieres,  Sedan,  Montmedy,  Longuyon. 
It  rested  and  trained  until  the  28th,  when  it  marched  toward  the  front  at  Romagne 
sous  Montfaucon  (Sept.  28  to  Oct.  2). 

6.  The  division  was  engaged  near  Cimel  on  October  8.  Four  days  later  it  shifted 
to  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse  (east  of  Si\Ty  sur  Meuse)  and  held  there  until  November 
5.  It  retreated  toward  Fontaine  and  Ecurey  after  that  date.  The  division  was  stiU 
in  line  on  the  day  of  the  armistice. 

value— 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  a.s  third  class.  After  its  failure  on  the  Somme  in  the  spring 
it  was  used  on  unimportant  sectors  until  October.  It  did  not  distinguish  itself  in  the 
Meuse-iVrgonne  battle. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEKMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAR.     717 

231  St  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

231. 

442. 
443. 

444. 

231. 

442 

443. 
444. 

1  Sqn.  9  Drag.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

Art.  Command: 

3  Gd.  Res.  F.  A.  Rgt. 

SGd.Res.  F.  A.Rgt. 
90  Ft.  A.  Btn. 
910  Light  Am.  Col. 
912  Light  Am.  Col. 
1135  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons . 

(231)  Pion.  Btn.: 

353  Pion.  Co. 

354  Pion.  Co. 
358  (?)  T.  M.  Co. 
418  T.  M.  Co. 
231  Tel.  Deteh. 

231  Pion.  Btn.: 

353  Pion.  Co. 

354  Pion.  Co. 

181  Searchlight  Section. 
231  Signal  Command. 
231  Tel.  Detch. 
57  "Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veteri- 
nary. 

243  Ambulance  Co. 
1S3  Field  Hospital. 
184  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

243  Ambulance  Co. 
1S4  Field  Hospital. 
217  Field  Hospital. 
227  Vet.  Hospital. 

641  M.  T.  Col. 

641  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(Guard.) 

1917. 

The  231st  Di\nsion  was  formed  on  January  15,  1917,  at  the  Zossen  Camp,  near 
Berlin.  Its  infantry  regiments  (442d,  443d,  and  444th)  were  formed  from  the  depots 
of  the  Guard  and  the  43d  Reserve  Division,  likewise  a  subsidiary  of  the  Guard. 
Initial  effectives:  235  to  240  men  per  company,  one-half  of  the  1918  class,  one-fourth 
of  returned  sick  and  wounded,  one-fourth  men  withdrawn  from  the  front.  The  com- 
position is  practically  the  same  for  the  divisions  Kos.  231  to  242,  as  regards  infantry 
and  pioneers. 

H.VYE. 

J.  The  23l8t  Division  left  the  Zossen  Camp  on  March  30,  1917,  detrained  at  Audun 
le  Roman  on  April  3,  and  went  into  line  on  the  13th  at  Flirey  (Haye).     It  did  not 
show  any  activity  there  and  left  the  front  on  May  12. 
Champagne. 

2.  Entraining  at  Jaulny  on  May  16,  it  was  concentrated  in  the  vicinity  of  Epoye, 
northeast  of  Rheims,  and  went  into  line  on  May  18-19  north  of  La  Pompelle. 

Mont  H.wt. 

3.  In  the  middle  of  June  it  went  into  lino  in  the  Nauroy  sector,  between  Cornillet 
and  Mont  Hauf ,  and  suffered  the  French  attack  of  the  18th,  which  cansed  it  heavy 
losses  (especially  in  the  443d  Infantry  Regiment,  where  the  10th  Company  had  only 
1  officer  and  10  men  leffi.     It  was  relieved  about  July  6. 

4.  After  two  weeks'  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Rethel  the  di\'i8ion  was  sent  into  lino 
at  Bermericourt  on  July  21. 


718     DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAN  AR.MY  WHICH  P.VRTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


RECRUITING. 

The  23l8t  Division  was  recruited  from  the  entire  extent  of  Prussian  territory,  the 
same  as  the  Guard  from  whose  depots  it  was  formed. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

At  the  time  of  the  formation  of  the  231st  Di^-ision  40  per  cent  of  the  men  were  of  the 
1918  class.  In  consequence  of  replacements,  the  proportion  of  the  men  of  this  class 
appeared  to  be  50  per  cent  in  November,  1917. 

The  231st  Division  opposed  an  honorable  resistance  to  the  French  assault  of  June 
18,  1917,  at  Le  Comillet. 

However,  taking  into  consideration  that  it  has  never  given  proof  of  offensive  quali- 
ties, it  seems  impossible  to  class  it  among  the  good  divisions. 

1918. 
Champagne. 

1.  Early  in  February  the  23l8t  Division  was  relieved  by  the  213th  DiAasion  and 
went  to  the  Givet-Namur  area  for  training  in  open  warfare. 

PiCARDY. 

2.  On  the  21st  of  March  it  was  in  support  y)ehind  the  -15th  Reserve  Division.  Two 
days  later  it  attacked  southwest  of  Ham  in  the  direction  of  Esmery-Hallon,  suffering 
heaAy  losses.  It  was  in  reserve  near  Rove  on  the  28th.  Early  in  April  it  was  resting 
near  Laon,  and  later  in  the  month  it  moved  to  the  Marie  area,  where  it  was  recon- 
stituted. 

AlSNE. 

3.  It  then  relieved  the  3d  Reserve  Division  in  the  Bouconville  sector  (southeast  of 
Laon)  early  in  May.  On  the  27th  other  diA-isions  attacked  through  its  sector,  the  23l8t 
following  up  in  resen-e  xia  Fismes  and  Fere  en  Tardenois.  It  became  engaged  on  the 
30th  near  Beuvardes  and  advanced  through  Yerdilly  to  Chateau  Thieny;  relieved  by 
the  201st  Division  about  the  16th  of  June.  It  refitted  in  the  Laon  region,  entrained 
at  Sissonne,  and  traveled  via  Asfeld  to  Dun  sur  Meuse. 

Verdun. 

4.  About  the  1st  of  July  it  relieved  the  Bavarian  Ersatz  Division  in  the  Avocourt 
sector  (northwest  of  Verdun).  It  was  relieved  by  the  37th  DiAdsion  on  the  7th  of 
August. 

PiCARDY. 

5.  The  division  traveled  via  Sedan-Laon-rhauny  and  reenforced  the  front  near 
Appilly  (east  of  Noyon).  In  the  fighting  that  followed  the  division  was  forced  to 
withdraw  through  Lagny,  Champagne,  Villeselve,  Artemps,  Mont  d'Origny,  and 
Haute\alle.     It  was  withdrawn  about  the  20th  of  October. 

6.  After  haAnng  rested  about  a  week  it  came  back  into  line  west  of  Guise  about  the 
28th.  Again  it  fell  back,  being  identified  east  of  Guise  and  southeast  of  Etreux.  It 
was  stUI  in  line  on  the  11th  of  November. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  did  not  distinguish  itself  during  the  battle  of  the  Somme,  but,  cm  the 
other  hand,  it  did  not  do  badly,  for  soon  afterwards  the  division  commander  was 
granted  "Pour  le  Mc'rite."  After  the  Aisne  offensi\e  the  brigade  commander  also 
received  it.  The  diA^sion  was  mentioned  in  the  German  official  communiqui^s  of 
September  4  and  October  31.  Its  losses  necessitated  the  reduction  of  the  l)attalion8 
to  three  companies  but  did  not  lower  the  morale  to  any  great  extent.  It  should  be 
considered  as  a  good  second-class  division. 


DIVISIONS  or  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     719 

232d  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

232. 

445. 
446. 
447. 

232. 

445 

446. 
447. 

4  Sqn.  1  Uhlan  Rgt. 

4  Sqn.  1  Uhlan  Rgt. 

Artillery 

37  F.  A.  Rgt. 

37  F.  A.  Rgt. 
776  Light  Am.  Col. 
981  Light  Am.  Col. 
1093  Light  Am.  Co!. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(232)  rionBtn.: 

355  I'ion  Co. 

356  Pion.  Co. 
419  T.  M.  Co. 
232  Tel.  Detch. 

232  Pion  Btn.: 

346  Pion.  Co. 

356  Pion.  Co. 

419  T.  M.  Co. 

119  Searchlight  Section. 
232  Signal  Command: 

232  Tel.  Detch. 

162  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

244  Ambulance  Co. 

185  Field  Hospital. 

186  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

244  Ambulance  Co. 

155  Field  Hospital. 

156  Field  Hospital. 
267  Vet.  Hospital. 

642  M.  T.  Col. 

642  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(405th  Infantry  Regiment:  1st  Corps  District — East  Prussia.     446th  and  447th  Infan- 
try Regiments:  20th  Corps  District — Eastern  section  of  West  Prussia.) 

1917. 

The  232d  Division  belonged  to  the  series  of  divisions  231  to  242,  formed  in  January, 
1917,  by  drafts  upon  the  depots  (1918  class)  and  upon  the  front.  It  was  recruited 
principally  from  the  1st  and  20th  Corps  Districts  (East  Prussia). 

After  its  formation  the  division  was  sent  for  training  to  the  Arys  Camp  and  then, 
on  April  3,  1917,  to  the  Eastern  Front. 

COURLAND. 

1.  On  April  6  the  232d  Division  went  into  line  in  the  vicinity  of  Illukst;  it  remained 
there  until  July. 

SmORCiONI. 

2.  Relieved  by  the  2d  Division,  coming  from  Flanders  on  July  7,  it  entrained  on 
the  9th,  was  transferred  by  railroad  to  Soly  on  July  11,  and  from  there  went  to  the 
sector  of  Smorgoni-Krevo.  where  it  suffered  the  Russian  attack  of  July  22. 

G  ALICIA. 

3.  On  July  31  the  232d  Di\'ision  left  the  Smorgoni  front  for  Galicia.  It  went  into 
line  northeast  of  Tarnapol,  west  of  Zl)araz.  It  was  identified  there  on  December  25 
(fraternization  A\-ith  the  Russians).  It  was  during  this  rest  period,  in  November  and 
December,  that  the  division  received  its  first  recnforcements  of  the  1919  class,  which 
it  later  took  to  France. 


720     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The  232d  Division  was  recruited  from  East  and  West  Prussia,  with  a  certain  number 
of  Alsace-Lorrainers. 

VALUK — 1017  ESTIMATK. 

Having  always  occupied  the  Eastern  Front  from  its  formation  (1)eginning  of  1917) 
until  March,  1918,  the  232d  Division  was  of  mediocre  combat  value  (April,  1918). 

In  the  445th  Infantry  Hegiment  the  majority  of  men  were  ver}--  young;  many 
belonged  to  the  1919  class  (April,  1918).     (Interrogation  of  prisoner.) 

In  the  2d  Company  of  the  1st  Battalion  of  the  447th  Infantry  Regiment,  one-third 
belonged  to  the  1919  class  (May,  1918).     (Interrogation  of  prisoner.) 

1918. 

1.  The  division  held  the  sector  west  of  Vaudesincourt  until  about  May  10,  when  it 
went  to  rest  in  the  Juniville-Neuflize  area.  \Vhile  there  the  division  was  trained  for 
mobile  warfare. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

2.  On  May  22  the  division  left  the  region  of  Juniville  and  moved  in  three  marches 
to  Lor  and  Le  Thour  (north  of  Asfeld).  On  ilay  26  the  diA-ision  left  Lor  and  advanced 
toward  the  battle  front,  following  the  8Gth  Division.  It  passed  the  former  l^ench 
first  line  near  Juviiicourt,  arrived  near  Treslon-Bouleuse  on  May  29,  and  on  the  30th 
■was  engaged  to  the  right  of  the  86th  Di\dsion,  near  Sarey,  where  it  relieved  the 
troops  of  the  7th  Reserve  Division. 

3.  After  that  date  the  division  was  in  the  sector  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Ardre  near 
Chambrecy.  The  division  losses  were  small  during  the  first  three  days  of  the  offen- 
sive, but  later  it  suffered  seriously,  especially  in  its  unsuccessful  attack  on  Bligny 
on  June  4.     The  di\dsion  was  relieved  on  the  18th  by  the  123d  Di\-ision. 

4.  It  marched  by  stages  to  Asfeld  and  was  railed  to  Montmedy.  On  the  night  of 
June  28-29  it  relieved  the  19th  Ersatz  Division  in  the  Beaumont  sector.  It  held  the 
quiet  sector  until  August  18,  when  it  was  withdrawn.  On  the  night  of  August  26-27 
the  di\dsion  entrained  and  traveled  \'ia  !Montmedy-Sedan-Charleville-Re"\dn-C'har- 
leroi-Mons-Valenciennes-Cambrai,  detraining  near  Etricourt  and  Manancourt  on 
August  2i  after  a  journey  of  28  hours. 

Bapaume. 

5.  The  di\'ision  was  engaged  in  the  Bapatime  area  (Le  Forest,  Bouchavcsnes,  Mois- 
lains)  on  August  29.     It  lost  1,500  prisoners  before  it  was  withdrawn  on  September  9. 

6.  It  rested  in  the  Le  CatiSau  area  until  September  21,  when  it  reenforced  the 
battle  front  northwest  of  Hargicourt.  After  four  days  it  was  relieved  bj-  the  54th 
Division  and  rested  near  La  Capelle.  It  had  been  there  but  10  days  when  it  was 
hurried  to  the  Oise  front  l)y  motor  trucks. 

7.  On  October  Q  it  was  engaged  at  Lesdins,  with  the  exception  of  the  447th  Regi- 
ment, which  remained  at  rest  at  Pont  a  Bucy  and  joined  the  di\'ision  later.  It  con- 
tinued in  line  until  about  the  end  of  the  month,  when  it  retired  from  the  Villers  le 
Sec  vicinity.  It  was  considered  in  reserve  of  the  Cterman  18th  Army  at  the  time  of 
the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  4th  class.  By  October  its  morale  was  very  low  and  its 
combat  value  small.  On  Octol)er  25  the  division  had  but  850  infantiymen,  300 
machine  gunners,  and  120  trench  mortar  effectives.  After  August  there  were  l>ut 
three  companies  to  a  l)attalion  and  Init  two  battalions  to  the  446th  Regiment  in 
October.  Influenced  by  Bolshevists,  elements  of  the  division  refused  to  go  into 
action  in  October. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAlSr  ARMY  WHICH  PAETICIPATED  IN  WAE.     721 
233d  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

19181 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

243. 

448. 
449. 
450. 

243. 

440. 
450. 

Cavalry 

3  Sqn.  9  Dr^.  Rgt. 

Artillery     . . . 

81  F.  A.  Rgt. 

81  F.  A.  Rgt. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons 

(233)  Pion.  Btn.: 

357  Pion.  Co. 

358  Pion.  Co. 
420  T.  M.  Co. 
233  Tel.  Detch. 

233  Pion.  Btn.: 

357  Pion.  Co. 

358  Pion.  Co. 
420T.  M.  Co. 
233  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

245  Ambulance  Co. 

187  Field  Hospital. 

188  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

245  Ambulance  Co. 

187  Field  Hospital. 

188  Field  Hospital. 
268  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

880  M.  T.  Col. 

643  M.  T.  Col. 

'  Composition  at  the  time  of  dissolution,  September,  1918. 


HISTORY. 

(448th  and  449th  Infantry  Regiments:  2d  Corps  District — Pomerania.     450th  Infan- 
try Regiment:  17th  Corps  District — West  Prussia.) 

1917. 

The  233d  Division,  formed  at  the  Hammerstein  Camp  in  January,  1917,  recruited 
its  infantry  (448th,  449th,  450th  Regiments)  from  the  2d  and  17th  Corps  Districts. 
It  then  contained  40  per  cent  of  the  1918  class  and  40  per  cent  returned  wounded. 

1.  After  six  weeks  in  training  at  Hammerstein,  the  233d  Division  was  transferred 
to  Beverloo,  where  it  continued  its  training  from  the  end  of  February  to  the  beginning 
of  April. 

2.  About  April  10  it  occupied  a  calm  sector  between  La  Ffere  and  Alaincourt. 

Flanders. 

3.  On  May  16  it  left  the  Oise  front  and  went  to  Flanders.  Sent  into  line  at  Ypres, 
on  both  sides  of  the  Ypres-Roulers  road  (May  19-20),  the  diAasion  had  very  heavy 
losses  in  this  sector  toward  the  end  of  July,  during  the  artillery'  preparation  which 
preceded  the  British  attack  of  the  31st.  "In  the  course  of  the  nine  weeks  passed  in 
Flanders  the  450th  Infantry  Regiment  lost  900  men,  more  than  half  of  whom  were 
killed."     (Letter  of  Aug.  6.) 

4.  Relieved  on  the  eve  of  the  attack,  the  233d  Division  was  brought  back  by  rail- 
road into  the  Guise  area  and  sent  to  rest  for  two  weeks. 

5.  From  the  middle  of  August  until  September  28  it  occupied  the  sector  of  St. 
Quentin  (Gauchy),  after  having  pillaged  the  city  the  same  as  several  other  divisions. 

125651°— 20 46 


722      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  Y/AR. 

Flanders. 

6.  On  October  2  it  enframed  for  Flanders  and  was  sent  by  way  of  Origny,  Le  Cateau, 
Maubeuge,  Mons,  Atli,  Ghent,  Deynze.  From  October  5  to  12  it  was  engaged  southeast 
of  Sonnebeke  and  lost  very  lieavily  during  the  British  attacks  of  October  6  and  9. 

Lorraine. 

7.  The  division  was  withdrawn  from  the  Ypres  front  on  October  12,  sent  to  rest  for 
four  days  at  Sotteghem,  tlieu  sent  to  Lorraine  by  way  of  Brussels,  Namur,  Ilinson, 
Charleville,  Sedan,  Metz.  Detraining  at  Sarreburg,  it  rested  from  the  20th  to  the 
29th,  then  went  into  line  south  of  Blamont. 

RECRUITING. 

The  233d  Division  was  recruited  from  Pomerania  ancl  West  Prussia,  with  a  certain 
admixture  from  the  neighboring  Provinces  (3d  and  5tli  Corps  Districts). 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

A  German  official  document  of  June  12,  1917,  gives  the  following  appreciation  of  the 
troops  of  the  233d  Division  engaged  at  tliat  moment  in  the  Ypres  sector:  ."These  men 
are  too  young  to  bo  able  to  furnish  prolonged  resistanc-e  and  to  have  great  endurance 
in  a  critical  situation.  Nevertheless,  their  conduct  is  generally  good.  One  cannot 
say  that  this  organization  is  in  a  good  condition ;  it  is  not  suited  for  trench  warfare." 
(Report  from  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  450th  Regiment.) 

It  is  to  be  noticed,  however,  that  the  233d  Division  was  left  in  line  northeast  of 
Ypres  until  July  29. 

Since  that  time  the  division  look  part  in  numerous  battles  and  improved. 

It  contained  a  certain  number  of  Poles  and  some  Alsatians. 

From  January  20  to  February  24,  1918,  it  received  special  1  raining  for  the  warfare 
of  movement,  in  the  vicinity  of  Zabern-Haguenau. 

It  was  a  fairly  good  division. 

1918. 
Kemmel. 

1.  The  division  was  railed  to  Flanders  in  the  middle  of  April  and  detrained  at 
Zarren  (southwest  of  Thourout).  It  marched  toward  the  front  south  of  Ypres  through 
Ardoye,  Tourcouig.  It  was  engaged  on  April  25  at  Mount  Kemmel  and  took  part 
in  the  heavy  fighting  there  until  May  3.    Its  losses  were  heavy  in  this  engagement. 

2.  The  division  rested  near  Sottegem  in  Belgium  until  May  19.  It  was  then  trans- 
ferred to  Peronnc.  During  June  a  regiment  of  the  division  came  into  line  southwest 
of  Morlancourt  for  a  short  period  and  reenforced  the  54th  DiWsion.  The  rest  of  the 
division  rested  at  Caudr>',  Bretigny,  Morcourt  until  July  6. 

Third  Battle  of  the  Somme. 

3.  It  was  engaged  on  that  date  north  and  south  of  Alvert,  where  it  was  still  in  line 
at  the  time  of  the  British  attack  of  August  22.  It  was  thrown  back  on  Fricourt,  La 
Boisselle,  Bazentin  le  Grand,  Montauban,  where  it  was  relieved  on  August  30,  after 
losing  1,422  prisoners. 

4.  Following  the  heavy  losses  in  August  the  division  was  dissolved.  The  44Sth 
Regiment  was  transferred  to  the  107th  Division,  replacing  the  227th  Reserve  Regiment, 
dissolved.  The  405th  Regiment,  rei)laced  the  22d  Reserve  Regimeiit,  dissolved  in  the 
117th  Division;  while  the  men  of  tlie  44!tth  Regiment  were  allotted  to  the  448th  and 
450th  Regiments. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  TARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     723 

234111  Division. 

CO^IPOSITIOX. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

234. 

451. 
452. 
453. 

234. 

451. 

452. 
453. 

Cavalry 

1  Sqn.  13  Dragoon  Rgt. 

1  Sqn.  13  Drag.  Rgt. 

ArtUlery 

Art.  Command: 
i  F.  A.  Rgt. 

4  F.  A.  Rgt. 

3  Abt.  21   Ft.   A.   Rgt.   (7  and  9 

B  tries.). 
841  Light  Am.  Col. 
S47  Light  Am.  Col. 
1340  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engiseers  and  Liaisons. 

(234)  Pion.  Bin.: 

359  Pion.  Co. 

360  Pion.  Co. 
429  T.  M.  Co. 
234  Tel.  Detch. 

2.34  Pion.  Btn.: 

359  Pion.  Co. 

360  Pion.  Co. 

201  Searchlight  Section. 
234  Signal  Command: 
234  Tel.  Detch. 
126  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

246  Ambulance  Co. 
1S9  Field  Hospital. 
190  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

246  AmlnilanceCo. 

189  Field  Hospital. 

190  Field  Hospital. 
269  Vet.  Hospital. 

M.  T.  Col 

644  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(45l8tand  452(1  Infantry  Regiments:  3d  Corps  District — 453d  Infantry  Regiment:  4th 

Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony.) 

1917. 

The  234th  DiN-i^ion  was  formed  on  January  (i,  1917,  at  the  camp  of  Altengral)Ow. 
Its  infantry'  regiments  were  recruited  from  the  3d  and  4th  Corps  Districts  ( Berlin- 
Magdeburg  "t  and  were  composed  of  men  of  the  1918  class  (50  per  cent)  and  of  returned 
wounded  and  men  withdrawn  from  the  front  (50  per  cent). 
St.  Quentik. 

1.  After  three  months'  training  at  Altengrabow,  the  234th  Division  entrained,  on 
March  28,  for  the  Western  Front.  Going  by  way  of  Magdeburg-Aix  la  Chapelle-Li^ge- 
Brussels-Mons.  it  detrained  on  March  30-31  at  Le  Cateau.  from  which  place  it  marched 
to  the  sector  of  l'"ayet.  northwest  of  St.  Quentin  (on  the  Ilindenburg  Line)  on  April  8. 

On  April  11  the  division  was  attacked  by  British  troops  and  lost  heavily  (451st 
Infantr>    Regiment,  400  prisonei"s).     This  regiment  again  suffered  seriously  in  the 
course  of  violent  battles  with  the  French  east  of  Fayet,  August  9  to  1 1 . 
Ypres. 

2.  About  September  1  the  234th  Division  was  relieved  northwest  of  St.  Quentin 
and  sent  to  Roulera.  by  way  of  Bohain,  Le  Cateau,  Denain,  Lille,  Courtrai,  and  Menin. 
In  reserve  first  near  Hooglede,  on  the  Ypres  front  at  the  time  of  the  British  attack,  it 
counterattacked  on  September  20,  northeast  of  St.  Julien.     On  Sc]itcmber  23-24  it 


724    DmsiONS  of  ger:vjax  army  which  participated  in  war. 

again  went  into  reserve  and  after  the  British  attack  of  the  2fith  sent  some  of  its  elements 
into  action  southeast  of  Zonnebeke  on  September  27. 

3.  Exhaiisted  by  these  battles  the  division  left  the  Ypres  front  for  the  Lille  area. 
It  had  lost  about  one-half  of  its  effectives. 

La  Bassee. 

4.  It  went  into  line  north  of  La  Bassee  Canal  on  October  7,  remained  there  six  weeks, 
and  about  November  24  went  to  the  Cambrai  area. 

Artois. 

5.  On  December  7  it  took  over  the  sector  north  of  Bullecourt. 

RECRUITING. 

The  234th  Division  was  recruited  from  Brandenburg  and  Prussian  Saxony. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  234th  Division  lost  verj^  heavily  at  Ypres  in  September,  1917;  these  losses  had 
some  effect  upon  its  morale.  At  all  events,  it  acquired  a  certain  combat  experience 
in  the  course  of  these  engagements. 

The  451st  Infantry  Regiment  seemed  to  be  considered  the  best  one  in  the  division 
by  the  German  High  Command. 

In  the  453d  Infantry-  Regiment,  September,  1917,  many  officers  belonged  to  the 
Reserve  and  to  the  Landwehr;  some  of  these,  during  the  war,  were  retired  for  ineffi- 
ciency (document). 

1918. 

PiCARDY. 

1.  The  234th  Division  remained  in  the  Bullecourt  sector  until  relieved  by  the 
111th  Division  on  the  8th  of  February,  when  it  went  to  rest  in  the  Douai  area. 

2.  About  the  end  of  the  month  it  relieved  the  11 1th  Di^dsion.  On  the  opening  of 
the  Somme  offensive  on  the  21st  of  March,  although  not  engaged  in  the  initial  attack, 
the  division  was  severely  engaged  in  the  fighting  around  Croisilles,  and  on  the  31st 
some  of  its  elements  carried  out  a  costly  and  unsuccessful  attack  against  Boisleux- 
St.  Mar^.     It  was  relieved  about  the  7th  of  April  by  the  231st  Division. 

3.  The  division  rested  a  fortnight  and  then  relieved  the  111th  Division  in  the 
Ayette  sector  on  the  20th.  During  the  night  of  the  24th-25th  of  May  it  was  relieved 
by  the  17th  Division. 

4.  About  June  21  it  relieved  the  17th  Division.  When  the  British  attacked  on  the 
21st  of  August,  the  division  was  thrown  back  upon  Hamelincourt  with  heavy  losses 
(including  1,585  prisoners).     It  was  withdrawn  on  the  24th  to  the  Douai  region. 

5.  On  the  22d  of  September  it  reenforced  the  front  in  the  GavTelle  sector,  being 
withdrawn  a  few  days  later. 

6.  On  the  30th  it  came  into  line  north  of  Cambrai  in  the  Tilloy  sector.  Withdrawn 
about  the  15th  of  October. 

7.  On  the  18th  it  reenforced  the  front  near  Raches  (northeast  of  Douai).  It  was 
relieved  by  the  35th  Division  about  the  10th  of  November. 

VALUE — 1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  234th  was  rated  a  third-cla-ss  division.  In  the  fighting  around  Arnu«  in  the  spring 
it  acquitted  itself  fairly  well,  and  its  commanding  general  received  the  "Pour  le 
M^rite."    Its  conduct  during  the  rest  of  the  year  was  mediocre. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAjST  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     725 

235tli  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

191.S  1 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infiintry 

235. 

454. 
455. 
456. 

2'55. 

454 

455. 
456. 

Cavalry 

5  Sqn.  9  Dragoon  Rgt. 

5  Sqn.  9  Drag.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

235  Art.  Command: 
6  F.  A.  Rgt. 

235  Art.  Command' 

6  F.  A.  Rgt. 

En^'neers and  Liaisons. 

235  Pion.  Btn.: 

361  Pion.  Co. 

362  PioQ.  Co. 
435  T.  M.  Co. 
235  Tel.  Detch. 

235  Pion.  Btn.: 

361  Pion.  Co. 

362  Pion.  Co. 
435  T.  M.  Co. 
235  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

247  Ambulance  Co. 

191  Field  Hospital. 

192  Field  Hospital. 

247  Ambulance  Co. 

191  Field  Hospital. 

192  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

961  M.  T.  Col. 

645  M.  T.  Col. 

*  Composition  at  the  time  of  dissolution,  August,  1918. 


HISTORY. 

(454th  and  455th  Infantry  Regiments:  5th  Corps  District — Posen. 
Regiment:  6th  Corps  District — Silesia.) 

1917. 


45Gth  Infantry 


The  235th  Division  was  formed  in  January,  1917,  in  the  camps  of  the  Warta  and  of 
Neuhammer,  with  elements  from  the  5th  and  Gth  Corps  District.  Its  regiments  were 
made  up  mostly  of  men  from  the  1918  class  (50  per  cent)  and  the  remainder  from 
returned  sick  and  wounded  and  men  withdrawn  from  the  front  (initial  strength,  230  to 
235  men  per  company). 

1.  After  six  weeks  of  intensive  training,  the  235th  Division  was  concentrated  at 
Posen  and  sent  to  the  Western  Front  on  February  20,  by  way  of  Dresden- Aschaff  en - 
burg-Frankfort-Aix  la  Chappelle-Namur.  It  passed  a  new  period  of  training  in  the 
Sissonne  Camp,  and  on  March  15  was  sent  to  the  St.  Quentin  area. 

St.  QuE.VTiN. 

2.  At  the  beginning  of  April  it  went  into  line  in  the  Itancourt  sector.  Its  losses 
were  enormous,  principally  from  the  attack  of  April  13,  which  necessitated  replace- 
ments of  2,216  men  during  the  following  weeks. 

3.  Relieved  at  the  beginning  of  July,  it  was  sent  to  rest  east  of  St.  Quentin  (Fontaine- 
Notre  Dame). 

Ypres. 

4.  On  July  25  it  entrained  at  Guise  for  Belgium.  Concentrated  in  the  \'icinity  of 
Iseghem-Roulers,  it  went  to  the  Ypres  front  on  July  28-31,  east  of  Wieltje,  received  the 
artillery  preparation  and  the  British  attack  of  the  31st,  which  cau.sod  it  very  heavy 
losses.     The  454th  Infantry  Regiment  had  very  heavy  losses  (4th  Company  was 


726      DIVISIONS  OF  CEr.MAN  ARIMY  WHTCH  PAHTIC'IPATED  IN  WAR. 

reduced  to  31  men)  and  was  filled  up  hastily  from  the  resources  of  the  large  depot  at 
Beverloo  (about  GO  men  per  company). 

5.  The  235th  Di\d8ion  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  on  August  1  and  spent  a  week 
at  rest  in  Flanders. 

6.  In  the  course  of  August  it  was  transferred  to  LaonBoiSj  in  the  vicinity  of  Mont- 
cornet. 

AlSNE. 

7.  About  September  10  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Juvincourt-Corbeny,  where  the 
French  attack  of  November  21  again  occasioned  it  serious  losses  (400  prisoners).  A 
prisoner  of  the  45r)th  Infantry  Regiment  declared  that  in  this  company  not  more  than 
one-fourth  of  the  men  were  left  who  composed  it  in  January. 

RECRUrriNC. 

The  235th  Di-vision  was  recruited  from  the  Provinces  of  Posen  and  of  Silesia;  con- 
sequently, contained  a  large  number  of  Poles. 

VALUE — 1917  ESTIMATE. 

The  235th  Division  appeared  to  have  only  mediocre  offense  value. 

Following  the  battle  of  November  21,  1817,  in  the  Juvincourt  sector,  the  com- 
mander of  the  45Gth  Infantry  Regiment  and  the  commander  of  the  2d  Battalion  of  the 
same  regiment  were  relieved  in  disgrace. 

The  division  received  training  in  the  warfare  of  movement  during  January  and 

February,  1918. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  entrained  at  Sierentz  (Alsace)  April  4-5  and  traveled  via  Mulhausen, 
Strasbourg,  Treves,  Cologne,  Lille,  Brussels,  and  Cihent.  It  detrained  at  St.  Andre, 
north  of  Lille,  on  the  8th-9th  and  rested  in  that  vicinity  until  the  22d. 

Flanders. 

2.  It  entered  line  east  of  Robecq  on  the  night  of  April  22-23  and  remained  in  that 
sector  until  May  11.     During  this  engagement  the  division  lost  very  hea\ily. 

3.  The  division  entrained  at  Lille  on  the  12th  and  was  railed  v-ia  Ghent,  Brussels, 
Namur,  Charleville,  and  Sedan.     It  detrained  north  of  Briey  on  the  14th. 

WOEVRE. 

4.  It  was  engaged  on  the  heights  of  the  Meuse  (Vaux  les  Palameix-Bois  des  Che- 
valiers) from  May  24-25  to  August  8.  It  was  withdrawn  from  north  of  St.  Mihiel  on 
the  8th  and  dissolved  at  Conflans. 

5.  The  545th  Regiment  was  drafted  to  the  10th  Di\-ision.  The  11th  Division  and 
82d  Reserve  Division  received  elements  of  the  456th  Regiment. 

VALUE^ — ^1918  ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Its  only  active  service  in  1918  was  near 
Axmentieres,  for  which  the  division  was  commended  by  the  Kaiser  in  his  order  dis- 
solving the  division. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  Will ( '11   PARTICIPx^TED  IN  WAR.     727 

236tli  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

nrigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

236. 

457. 
458. 
459. 

236. 

458. 
459. 

Cavalry 

4  Sqn.  13  Drag.  Rgt. 

4  Sqn.  13  Drag.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

7  F.  A.  Kgt. 

7  F.  .\.  Rgt. 

3  Aljt.  16  Ft.  A.  Rgt.  (11  and  13  IJtries.). 

956  Light  Am.  Col. 

1337  Light  Am.  Col. 

1343  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

363  Pion.  Btn.: 

363  I'ion.  Co. 

364  Pion.  Co. 
436  T.  M.  Co. 
236  Tel.  Detch. 

363  Pion.  Btn.: 

363  Pion.  Co. 

364  Pion.  Co. 
436  T.  M.  Co. 

202  Searchlight  Section. 
236  Signal  Command: 
236  Tel.  Detch. 
125  Wireles.s  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

248  Aral>ulanoeCo. 

193  Field  Ifospilal. 

194  Field  ifospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

248  Ambulance  Co. 

193  Field  Hospital. 

194  Field  Hospital. 
271  Vet.  Hospital. 

M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(457th  and  458th  Infantry  Pvegimentg;  7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.     459th  Infantry 
ilegiinent;  16th  Corps  District — Lorniine.) 

1917. 

The  236th  Division  was  formed  at  the  Senne  Camp  at  the  end  of  December,  1916, 
and  the  beginning  of  January,  1917.     Recruited  from  the  7th  and  16th  Corps  Districts, 
its  regiments  were  composed  of  men  belonging  to  the  1918  class  (40  per  cent)  and  of 
returned  wounded. 
Cambresis. 

1.  The  236th  Division  entrained  at  the  Senne  and  Paderboni  Camps  on  April  11, 
1917,  and  went  to  Cambrai  by  way  of  Dusseldorf-Aix  la  Chapelle-Li^ge-Namur- 
Charleroi- Valenciennes.  Detraining  at  Caudry  on  April  13,  it  went  into  line  south- 
west of  Cambrai  (Trestault-Gouzeaucourt)  on  the  18th.  On  April  24  it  was  attacked 
by  British  troops,  lost  the  village  of  Villers  Plouich,  and  suffered  heavily  (340  prison- 
ers). 

2.  On  May  9  it  w;w^  sent  to  rest  in  (ho  vicinity  of  Cambrai. 
Artois. 

3.  It  then  occupied  the  sector  of  CherLsy  (southeast  of  Arras)  from  June  4  to  Sep- 
tember 2,  and  did  not  go  into  any  serious  action  during  this  period. 
Flander.s. 

4.  The  ilivi'^ion  left  Artois  at  the  lioginning  of  September,  waa  sent  to  rest  at 
Courtrai  until  the  17th,  went  to  Iseghem  by  railroad,  then  marched  to  Roulers.     Until 


728      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

September  20  it  remained  in  reserve  as  a  counterattacking  division.  Between  the 
20th  and  26th,  it  was  in  a  violent  battle  east  of  Ypres,  toward  the  Polygon  wood  and 
between  this  wood  and  Zonnebeke  to  oppose  the  British  advance.  Before  going  into 
line,  on  September  20,  the  2d  Battalion  of  the  459th  Infantry  Regiment,  had  lost 
more  than  200  men  from  artillery  fire;  on  the  22d,  the  8th  Company  had  only  15  men 
left. 

5.  Withdrawn  from  the  Flanders  front,  during  the  night  of  September  28-29,  the 
236th  Division  was  sent  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Douai. 

Artois. 

6.  On  October  6  it  went  into  line  north  of  the  Scarpe,  between  the  Roeux  and  the 
Gavrelle;  it  enlarged  its  sector  toward  the  north  at  the  beginning  of  November.  It 
was  filled  up  by  replacements  taken  from  the  Russian  front;  400  men  coming  from 
the  32d  Landwehr  Regiment  (197th  Division)  arrived  in  November. 

RECRUITING. 

The  236th  Division  was  recruited  from  Westphalia  and  the  Rhine  Province. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  236th  Division  had  serious  losses  while  fighting  at  Ypres  and  its  morale  was 
weakened  in  consequence.  It  may  be  considered  a  mediocre  division  (February, 
1918). 

According  to  a  deserter's  statement  (Jan.  23,  1918),  the  236th  Division  was  a  shock 
division  in  1917. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  engaged  from  March  21  to  April  3.  On  the  March  Somme 
offensive,  first  at  Cherizy,  later  at  Heninel.  It  was  relieved  south  of  Arras  on  the 
night  of  April  3-4  and  moved  to  Passchendaele  by  way  of  Aubigny  au  Bac,  Iseghem, 
and  Meulebeke. 

Ypres. 

2.  It  entered  line  at  Passchendaele  on  April  6  and  held  a  sector  in  this  vicinity 
until  June  22,  when  it  was  relieved  by  the  31st  Division.  The  division  rested  during 
July  at  Deynze.  It  again  held  the  sector  southwest  of  Ypres  from  August  10  to 
September  13. 

Lorraine. 

3.  The  division  moved  from  Flanders  by  way  of  Tourcoing-Brussels-Liege-Aachen- 
Cologne-Bonn-Bingen-Coblenz-Kreuznach  to  Strasburg.  It  did  not  detrain  there, 
but  was  suddenly  ordered  to  Metz,  where  it  arrived  on  September  24  in  the  afternoon. 
It  marched  to  Loringen,  stayed  one  night  and  marched  to  Mars  la  Tour  on  September 
26.  The  next  morning  it  marched  to  Jamy  and  entrained  there,  going  to  Dun  sur 
Meuse  (via  Longuyon  and  Montmedy).  From  Dun  it  marched  through  Doulcon  to 
Villers,  then  to  Cunel,  and  then  forward  into  position. 

4.  The  division  was  heavily  engaged  from  September  29  to  its  retirement  on 
October  17.  It  distinguished  itself  particularly,  fighting  stul)l)ornly  and  success- 
fully for  many  days  in  succession.  It  lost  only  413  prisoners  but  it,s  casualties  were 
very  heavy,  estimated  at  3,000.  On  November  4  the  division  was  reengaged  south 
of  Beaumont  and  continued  in  line  until  the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Apart  from  the  fighting  on  the  Meuse,  the 
division  did  not  do  anything  notable. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     729 

237 th  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

244. 

460. 
461. 
462. 

244. 

460 

461. 
462. 

Cavalry 

4  Sqn.  13  Uhlan  Rgt. 

4  Sqn.  13  Uhlan  Rgt. 

Artillery 

83  F.  A.  Rgt. 

83  F.  A.  Rgt. 

3  Abt.  23  Ft.  A.  Rgt.  (7  and  9  Btries.). 

783  Light  Am.  Col. 

1013  Light  Am.  Col. 

1057  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(237)  Pion.  Btn.: 

365  Pion.  Co. 

366  Pion.  Co. 
(437)  T.  M.  Co. 
237  Tel.  Detch. 

237  Pion.  Bin.: 

365  Pion.  Co. 

366  Pion.  Co. 

124  Searchlight  Section. 
237  Signal  Command: 
237  Tel.  Petch. 
25  Wu-eless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary. 

249  Ambulance  Co. 

195  Field  Hospital. 

196  Field  Hospital. 
272  Vet.  Hospital. 

249  Ambulance  Co. 

195  Field  Hospital. 

196  Field  Hospital. 
198  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport.  - 

551  M.  T.  Col. 

Attached 

4  Landst.  Pion.  Co,  HOC.  Dist.1. 

HISTORY. 

(8th  and  2l8t  Corps  Districts — Rhine  Province  and  Lorraine.) 

1917. 

The  237th  Division  was  formed  in  January,  1917,  at  the  Elsenborn  Camp  (one-half 
men  of  the  1918  class;  the  rest,  returned  sick  and  wounded  and  men  taken  from  the 
front). 
Russia. 

1.  Detraining  in  Russia  in  the  Wcinity  of  Baranovitchi  in  March,  1917,  the  237th 
Division  went  into  line  south  of  Vichnev,  on  the  Little  Berezina,  about  the  beginning 
of  April. 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  Relieved  on  June  25,  it  was  transferred  to  Galicia  by  way  of  Brest- Litowsk . 
On  July  7  it  was  sent  into  line  in  the  vicinity  of  Konioukhi. 

3.  It  was  engaged  on  July  21  northwest  of  Zbrow,  and  pursued  the  Russians  by  way 
of  Treml)owla  (July  26)  as  far  as  Husiatin,  where  the  front  became  stabilized.  The 
division  continued  to  occupy  various  sectors  in  this  area  until  the  end  of  1917.  It 
was  identified  south  of  Husiatin  on  December  12  (fraternization). 

RECRUrriNO. 

The  237tli  Division  was  recruited  principally  from  the  Rhine  District. 


730     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  237th  Di\dsion  occupied  the  Russian  front  from  its  formation  until  the  begin- 
ning of  January,  1917. 
Its  combat  \ahie  was  mediocre. 

1918. 

1.  On  the  4tli  of  January  the  division  was  relieved  by  Austrian  troops  and  marchecl 
by  easy  stages  to  Buckas,  in  the  direction  of  Lemberg.  On  March  4  it  entrained 
between  Urody  and  Lemberg  and  traveled  via  Lemberg-Brest-Litowsk-Warsaw- 
Kalisz-Goerlitz-Leipzig-Frankfort  on  the  Main-Thionville-Sedan,  detraining  at  St. 
Juvin  on  the  12th.     It  went  into  cantonments  at  St.  (Jeorges. 

Argonne. 

2.  During  the  night  of  the  14th-15th  it  relieved  the  80th  Reserve  Division  we.=!t  of 
Avocourt.  \Vhile  here  it  exchanged  its  Alsace-Lorrainers  for  more  trustworthy  men 
of  the  9th  Landwehr  Division.     It  was  withdrawn  aliout  the  middle  of  May. 

AlSNE. 

3.  On  the  20th  and  27th  the  divi.sion  entrained  at  (irandpre  and  St.  Ju\in,  went 
through  Sedan  and  Charleville  and  detrained  at  Bucy  les  Pierrepont  (north  of 
Sissonne)  on  the  27th  and  28th.  The  di\ision  then  marched  via  Sissonne.-th(!  Plateau 
de  Californie-Fismes-Dravegny-Mouthiers  (northwest  of  Chslteau  Thierry).  On  the 
1st  of  June  it  attacked  in  the  Bel  lean  wood,  as  a  result  of  which  it  suffered  heavy 
losses.     It  was  withdrawn  about  the  22d. 

Argonne. 

4.  The  division  entrained  at  Athies  (east  of  Laon)  and  detrained  near  St.  Juvin  on 
the  30th.  The  division  remained  here  a  few  days  and  then  relieved  the  240th  Divi- 
sion in  the  Yauiiuois  sector.  While  in  line  here  the  division  received  more  than 
2,000  replacements.     It  was  withdrawn  on  August  14. 

Ailette. 

5.  It  entrained  at  St.  Juvin  and  went  to  St.  Quentin  and  Ilam;  then  it  went  by 
truck  to  the  Coucy  wood,  and  then  to  St.  Paul  aux  Bois  (south  of  Chauny).  On  the 
21st  it  reenforced  the  1st  Bavarian  and  the  222d  Divisions  near  St.  Aubin.  It  was 
withdrawn  early  in  September,  after  having  fallen  back  upon  Coucy  le  Chateau. 
It  rested  then  for  a  fortnight  in  the  St.  (Jobain  forest. 

Serre-Oise. 

6.  On  the  2r)th  of  September  it  relieved  the  34th  Di\'ision  in  the  Servais  sector 
(south  of  La  F^re).  The  division  remained  in  line  until  the  end  of  the  war,  falling 
back  through  Deuil!et-Anguilcourt-La  Fert^-Chevresis-Villers  le  Sec  to  the  La 
Capelle  region,  and  suffering  very  heavy  losses. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  237th  was  rated  a  fourth-class  division.  While  it  was  in  line  in  the  Argonne 
in  the  sj)ring  the  men  (encouraged  by  their  oliicers)  fraternized  with  the  French 
troops  opposing  them.  Its  morale  was  influenced  to  a  most  surprising  extent  by  the 
measure  of  success  of  the  German  forces.  The  result  was  that  while  it  was  high  in 
the  spring  it  became  low  as  soon  as  the  tide  turned.  On  August  22,  while  the  division 
was  in  line  on  the  Ailette,  80  men,  armed  and  with  ammunition,  surrendered  to  4 
French  soldiers.  In  this  engagement  (about  10  days)  more  than  900  prisoners  were 
lost.  While  the  division  was  in  line  the  last  time  it  lost  over  1,000  prisoners.  At 
the  end  of  October  the  division  had  onlv  about  800  rifles. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHR'H  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     731 


238xT^Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

IMS 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regimenl. 

Iiifantrv     

2:is. 

463. 
464. 
465. 

238. 

463 

404. 
465. 

2  Sqn.  13  Drag.  Rgt. 

2  Sqn.  13  Drag.  Rgt.       . 

Artillery 

238  Art.  Command: 
62  F.  A.  Rgt. 

238  Art.  Command: 

• 

62  F.  A.  Rgt. 

53  Ft.  A.  Rgt.  (StalT  and  1 , 2,  and  4 

Btries.). 
944  Light  Am.  Col. 
1211  Light  Am.  Col. 
1233  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  T  Jaisons. 

238  Pion.  Btn.: 

367  I'ion.  Co. 
438  T.  M.  Co. 
238  Tel.  Detch. 

368  rion.  Co. 

238  Pion.  Btn.: 

367  Pion.  Co. 

368  Pion.  Co. 

205  Searchlight  Section. 
238  Signal  Command: 
238  Tel.  Detch. 
30  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical    and     Veteri- 
nary. 

250  Ambulance  Co. 
ly?  Field  Hospital. 
I'JS  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

2.50  Ambulance  Co. 

197  Field  Hospital. 

198  Field  Hospital. 
273  Vet.  Hospital. 

648  M.  T.  Col. 

648  M.  T.  Col 

HISTORY. 

(463d  Infantry  Regiment:  9th  Corps  District — Hanseatic  cities.  464th  Infantry  Regi- 
ment: 9th  Corps  District — Schleswig-IIolstein  and  Meklemburg.  4()5tli  Infantry 
Regiment:  10th  Corps  District — Hanover.) 

1917. 

The  238th  Division  was  formed  at  the  beginning  of  January,  1917,  at  the  Lockstedt 
Camp,  near  Hanibm-g.  Its  infantry  regiments  were  recruited  from  the  9th  Corps 
District  (Schleswig-IIolstein,  Hanseatic  cities,  and  I\Iecklemburg)  and  from  the  10th 
Corps  District  (Hanover),  and  were  composed  in  part  (50  per  cent)  of  men  of  the  1918 
class. 

1.  After  a  training  of  almost  three  months,  the  238th  Division  entrained  at  Lock- 
stedt, on  April  13,  1917,  by  way  of  Hamburg,  Treves,  Sedan,  Namur,  Cambrai;  it 
went  to  Caudry  and  Bertry  (north),  where  it  detrained  on  the  16th. 

HiNDENBURC.    LiNE. 

2.  On  April  20  it  went  into  line  in  the  sector  of  Vendhuille-Bellicourt,  which  it 
left  on  May  20  t«  go  to  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Douai  ( until  May  28). 

Artois. 

3.  At  the  end  of  May  it  took  over  the  sector  of  Roeux-Gavrollo,  iicrlli  of  the  Scarpe. 
It  remained  on  this  part  of  the  front  until  Sop(eml)or  27  and  wa.'^  not  in  any  seriou.s 
engagement.  On  June  6,  however,  the  n^'M  Infantry  Regiment  suffered  heavy 
losses  in  il.«i  3d  Battalion,  which  the  two  others  I)a.«1ily  lillcd  up  (loHer  of  June  10), 
and  left  170  prisoners. 


732    DmsiONS  of  gerimax  army  which  participated  in  war. 

Flanders. 

4.  Sent  to  Flanders,  the  division  remained  at  rest  for  a  few  days  at  Roulers,  then  in 
reserve  in  the  \-icinity  of  West-Roosebeke.  On  Octolier  J 3  it  went  into  line  south- 
west of  Passchendaele.  HaAing  suffered  hea^^ly  from  the  British  attack  of  October 
30,  it  was  hastily  relieved  on  the  3l8t. 

St.  Quextix. 

5.  It  entrained  on  November  6  at  Ledeghem.  Detraining  at  (Jeise,  it  went  to 
Macquigny,  and  after  a  few  days  of  rast  occupied  the  sector  south  of  St.  Queniin- 
Itancourt  (Nov.  11-12). 

RECRUITIXG. 

The  238th  Di\'ision  was  recruited  the  same  as  the  111th  I)i^'ision,  from  Schleswig- 
Holstein,  Mecklemburg,  the  Hanseatic  cities,  and  Hanover. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  238th  Di\'ision  was  of  mediocre  value,  but  better  than  the  majority  of  the 
di\asions  of  this  series. 

The  large  proportion  of  young  recruits  in  the  ranks  of  the  238th  Division  gave  rise 
to  the  nickname  "The  Division  of  the  First  Communicants." 

1918. 

1.  The  division  rested  and  underwent  training  in  the  \dcinity  of  Origny-St.  Benoite 
from  the  1st  of  February  to  March  19.  It  was  brought  up  to  the  front  south  of  St. 
Quentin  during  the  night  of  March  19-20. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  On  the  21st  the  division  attacked  at  Grugiea  and  in  two  days  advanced  by  Grand- 
Serancourt  and  across  the  canal  near  St.  Simon.  From  the  23d  to  the  29th  it  advanced 
in  reserve  by  Libermont-Beaulieu  les  Fontaines-Beu\Taign&s.  It  was  reengaged 
on  the  29th  at  RoUot  and  Boulogne  la  Grasse  until  mid- April.  The  division  suffered 
heavy  casualties  in  the  Somme  battle. 

Rheims. 

3.  The  division  was  engaged  southeast  of  Rheims  (Cernay  les  Rheims,  northeast  of 
St.  Leonard)  fi'om  April  18  to  July  20.  It  carried  out  a  local  attack  on  Rheims  on 
May  30  and  June  1.  The  division  did  not  take  part  in  the  offensive  of  July  15  except 
by  artillery  activity. 

4.  The  division  rested  at  Boult  sur  Suippe  from  July  20  to  2S.  From  the  end  of 
July  to  August  20  it  held  its  former  sector  at  Cernay  les  Rheims.  Relieved  in  that 
sector,  it  marched  In'  stages  toward  Brancourt-Coucy  le  Chateau  via  Neufchatel  sur 
Aisne,  Marchais,  Bruyeres  (Aug.  21-28). 

AlSXE. 

5.  On  August  31  the  division  was  engaged  at  Leuilly-Terny.  After  September  10 
it  fought  in  the  vicinity  of  Quincy-Basse-Aulers  untU  October  12.  On  that  date  it 
retired  toward  Crepy  and  withdrew  from  line.  The  division  started  for  Marie  to 
rest  but  was  alerted  on  the  14th  and  taken  in  trucks  to  east  of  Mart  d'Origny.  On 
the  loth  it  was  again  in  the  first  line.  Two  of  the  regiments  had  but  two  battalions 
and  the  infantry  effectives  totaled  1,800.  The  period  between  the  18th  and  24th  of 
October  was  relatively  quiet  on  the  divisional  sector.  Following  French  attacks  of 
October  25  and  20,  the  division  fell  back  on  a  prepared  position  in  front  of  Guise. 
Here  it  held  until  November  5,  when  it  began  a  retreat  by  Audigny  in  the  direction 
of  La  Capelle. 

The  last  identification  was  at  Buironfosse  on  November  6. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  Its  morale  was  mediocre,  and  its  effectives 
few  during  the  latter  half  of  1918. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     733 


239tli  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

]9l« 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

239. 

<66. 
467. 
468. 

239. 

466 

467. 
468. 

Cavalry 

4  Sqn.  9  Drag.  Rgt. 

4  Sqn.  9  Drag.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

-Vrt.  Conimand: 
55  F.  A.  Rgt. 

55  F.  A.  Ri;t. 
78  Ft.  A.  Btn. 
900  Light  Am.  Col. 
l2■^9  Licht  Am.  Col. 
1203  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(239)  Pion.  Btn.: 

369  Pion.  Co. 

370  Pion.  Co. 
439  T.  M.  Co. 
239  Tel.  Detch. 

239  Pion.  Btn.: 

369  Pion.  Co. 

370  Pion.  Co. 
439  T.  M.  Co. 

88  Searchlight  Section. 
237  Searchlight  Section. 
239  Signal  Command: 
239  Tel.  Detch. 
11  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

251  Ambulanro  Co. 

199  Field  Hospital. 

200  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

2.'.1  Ambulance  Co. 
1 90  Field  Hospital. 
200  Field  Hospital. 
239  ^'et.  Ho-pital. 

Trinsport. 


M.  T.  Col. 


649  M.  T.  Col. 


HISTORY. 

(466th  Infantry  Regiment:  11th  CorpiS  District- — Electorate  of  IT  esse.  467th  Infantry 
Regiment:  11th  Corps  District — Thuringia.  468th  Infantrj'  Regiment:  18th  Corps 
District — Hesse-Nassau . ) 

1917. 

The  239th  Division  belonged  to  the  series  of  12  divisions  (231st  to  242d)  formed  in 
Germany  at  the  beginning  of  1917,  a  strong  proportion  (50  per  cent)  of  the  1918  class. 
It  includes  the  466th,  467th,  and  468th  Infantry  Regiments  recruited  from  the  11th 
and  18th  Corps  Districts  (Electorate  of  Hesse,  Thuringia,  and  Hesse-Nassua,  and  the 
Grand  Duchy  of  Hesse). 

1.  From  the  beginning  of  January,  1917,  to  the  middle  of  February,  the  239th 
Division  was  in  the  training  camps  Ohrdruf  and  of  Darmstadt.  It  entrained  on  Feb- 
ruary 17  and  went  to  Rethel.  It  continued  its  training  for  some  time  behind  the 
Champagne  front. 

Champagne. 

2.  The  entire  division  went  into  line  north  of  Souain  (Somme  Py)  on  March  27. 
It  remained  there  until  May  15  without  any  important  engagement.  One  battalit)n  of 
the  467th  Infantry  Regiment  was  sent  to  Auberive  as  a  reenforcement  at  the  time  of 
the  French  attack  on  April  16. 

3.  The  division  was  at  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Machault  and  at  Asfeld  from  the  end 
of  May  to  the  beginning  of  June. 

4.  About  June  10  it  went  into  line  northeast  of  Reims  ( ('emay  sector),  then  at  the 
beginning  cf  August  northeast  of  Courcy.  It  occupied  this  sector  until  October  6 
without  having  any  important  battle. 


734      DIVISIONS  OV  GERMAN  AK.MV  WHICH  PAIITICIPATED  IX  WAR. 

Flanders. 

5.  Transferred  to  Flanders  ])y  way  of  Ilirson  and  Courtrai,  the  239th  Division  went 
into  line  northeast  of  Poelcappelle  on  October  23.     It  lost  heavily  during  the  British - 
attack  of  November  26  and  continued  to  hold  this  sector,  alternating  with  the  3d 
Naval  Division. 

6.  Relieved  about  November  24,  the  239th  Division  was  sent  to  rest  northeast  of 
Ghent,  then  to  the  vicinity  of  Lille,  at  the  beginning  of  September. 

RECRUITIXr,. 

The  466th  Infantry  Kegiment  came  from  the  Electorate  of  Ilessc;  the  467th  Regi- 
ment was  called  Thuringian  in  an  ofiicial  document;  the  468th  Regiment  came  from 
Hesse-Nassau. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  239th  was  a  fairly  good  division. 

Considering  the  missions  wliich  have  been  assigned  to  it  by  the  German  High  Com- 
mand, it  seems  that  the  239th  Division  is  better  than  most  of  the  divisions  of  this 
series. 

1918. 

1.  The  diWsion  trained  in  the  Bourghelles  area  until  Marcli  17.  On  tliat  date  the 
di\"ision  marched  toward  the  front  ^■ia  Bersee-Douai-Estrees-.Soudemont-^'illers  les 
Cagnicourt-Noreuil-Mory. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  It  came  into  Line  on  the  26th  north  of  Courcelles,  attacking  Ayette  on  the  27th. 
It  lost  hea\dly,  including  numerous  prisoners  on  April  2.  The  division  was  relieved 
on  April  6  and  rested  a  week  at  Aubigny  au  Bac.  It  entrained  on  the  11th  and  moved 
to  Libercourt. 

Handes. 

3.  The  division  was  engaged  from  April  15  to  23  east  of  Robeccj.  Elements  took 
part  in  the  attack  of  the  18th,  in  wliich  the  losses  were  very  heavy. 

Lorraine. 

4.  After  its  relief  on  the  23d  the  division  was  railed  to  Lorraine  by  Mons-Xamur- 
Sedan-Montmedy-Metz.  It  rested  and  was  reconstituted  near  Dieuze  from  the  end 
of  April  to  May  13.  At  this  time  the  division  was  reenforced  by  a  draft  coming  from 
the  233d  Reserve  Regiment  of  the  dissolved  195th  Division. 

AVRICOURT. 

5.  The  division  held  the  quiet  Avricourt  sector  from  May  13  to  June  20.  It  was 
relieved  by  the  7th  Cavalry  Division  and  railed  to  Cliampagne. 

Champagne. 

6.  It  rested  and  trained  in  the  vicinity  of  Kethel-Attigny.  About  the  10th  of  July 
it  marched  toward  the  front  and  on  the  15th  was  engaged  in  the  Champagne  offensive 
at  Vaudesincourt.     After  the  attack  it  held  the  sector  until  the  beginning  of  October. 

7.  The  division  was  attacked  at  Mont  sans  Nom  on  September  26,  and  on  October  4 
fell  back  on  the  line  Betheniville-IIauvine,  and  later  in  the  direction  of  Rethel 
(Oct.  12).  The  division  was  in  reserve  during  the  middle  of  October.  Toward  the 
end  of  the  month  the  division  was  reengaged  near  Rethel  Its  line  of  retreat  in  the 
last  weeks  was  through  Le  Quesnoy,  Jolimetz,  I'ermeries,  south  of  Bavai,  where  it 
was  identified  on  November  8. 

value — 1918  estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  In  October  the  division  was  very  tired  and 
its  morale  was  low.  Numerous  infractions  of  disciijline  occurred.  Its  battalions  were 
reduced  to  three  companies  at  the  beginning  of  August. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAISr  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR.      735 

240tli  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

240. 

469. 
470. 
471. 

240. 

469 

470. 
471. 

Cavalrv' 

8  Sqn.  13  Drag.  Rgt. 

3  Sqn.  13  Drag.  Rgt. 

ArtiUerv' 

Art.  command: 
271  F.  A.  Rgt. 

240  Art.  Command: 

271  F.  A.  Rgt. 
3  Abt.  6Res.  Ft.  A.  Rgt. 
1092  Light  Am.  Col. 
1336  LiKht  Am.  Col. 
1342  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineersand  Liaisons. 

(240)  Pion  Btn.: 

371  Pion  Co. 

372  Pion  Co. 
440  T.  M.  Co. 
240  Tel.  Dctch. 

240  Pion  Btn.: 

371  Pion.  Co. 

372  Pion  Co. 
440T.M.CO. 

203  Searchlight  Section. 
240  Signal  Command: 
240  Tel.  Detch. 
127  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary. 

2.52  Ambulance  Co. 

204  Field  Hospital 

205  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

252  Ambulance  Co. 

204  Field  Hospital. 

205  Field  Hospital. 
240  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

1092  M.  T.  Col. 

650  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 

(469th  and  470th  Infantry  Regiments:  14th  Corps  District — Grand  Duchy  of  Baden. 
471st  Infantry  Regiment:  15th  Corps  District — ^Alsace.) 

1917. 

The  240th  Division  was  recruited  in  the  depots  of  the  14th  Corps  District  (Baden). 
Like  all  the  divisions  of  tliis  series,  the  240th  Di^dsion  received  a  large  contingent  from 
the  1918  class  at  the  time  of  its  formation. 

Alsace. 

1.  After  a  period  of  intensive  training  (Feb.  4,  to  Mar.  28)  in  the  training  camps  of 
Oberhofen  and  of  Ileuberg,  the  240th  Division  was  sent  to  Mulhousen  about  the  end 
of  March  and  went  into  line  between  the  Rhone-Rhine  Canal  and  Ilirzbach  (south  of 
Altkirch)  until  August  20. 

WOEVRE. 

2.  About  August  25  it  was  sent  to  the  Woe^Te  in  the  sector  of  Calonne  trench,  in 
September. 

Ypres. 

3.  Entraining  at  Conflans  (Oct.  5-6)  it  appeared  in  Flanders  on  the  9th.  It  went 
into  action  between  the  Ypres-Staden  railroad  and  Poelcappelle  and  suffered  heavy 
losses  in  the  course  of  the  British  attacks  of  October  9  and  12. 


736     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  rARTK'irATKD  IN  WAR. 

Cambuai. 

4.  Relieved  during  the  night  of  October  13-14,  it  was  sent  to  Artois.  On  October  23 
it  took  over  the  sector  of  Bullecourt  (.southeast  of  Arras).  On  November  20,  it  lost 
heavily  from  the  British  attack  launched  north  of  Bullecourt  at  the  same  time  as  on 
the  Cambrai  front  (700  prisoners). 

5.  About  the  middle  of  December  it  was  withdrawn  from  the  front  and  sent  to  rest 
in  the  \dcinity  of  Douai. 

RECRUITING. 

The  240th  Division  was  recruited  principally  from  Baden,  some  elements  from  the 
llhine  Districts. 

VALUK 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  240th  Division  appeared  to  be  of  mediocre  combat  value. 

1918. 
Lens. 

1.  The  division  was  in  line  in  the  sector  Fresnoy-(  )ppy  at  the  beginning  of  the  Somme 
offensive.  It  took  no  part  in  the  attack  on  Vimy  Ridge  of  March  28,  but  remained  in 
support.     It  was  relieved  in  this  sector  on  April  8. 

Battle  of  the  Lys. 

2.  It  moved  northward  and  was  engaged  north  of  Bethune  (^Ilinges-Robecq  on 
April  14. )  In  two  weeks'  fighting  in  this  sector  the  division  lost  A^ery  heavily  including 
many  prisoners. 

Argonne. 

3.  Withdrawn  on  April  27,  the  division  rested  at  Lille  a  week.  It  entrained  about 
May  8  for  the  Argonne  and  detrained  at  St.  Juvin.  Engaged  at  Boureuilles-\'auqunois 
on  May  13  the  division  held  that  quiet  sector  until  July  10. 

Champagne. 

4.  The  division  was  taken  to  Semide  and  held  in  reserve  during  the  offensive  of  the 
15th  to  be  used  as  an  exploiting  division.  When  the  attack  failed  the  diWsion  was 
directed  west  of  Keims  via  Machault,  Warmeriville,  Brimont.  It  camped  at  Jon- 
chery  from  July  21  to  23. 

Keims. 

5.  On  the  23d  the  division  was  engaged  in  the  Bois  de  Reims.  After  the  27th  it 
retreated  on  the  Montagues  de  Bhgny,  and  later  toward  AubiUy-Bouleuse.  On 
August  5  it  passed  into  second  line,  and  was  relieved  10  days  later.  It  rested  5  days 
west  of  Chateau  Porcien  and  returned  to  line  in  the  Prunay  sector  on  August  13.  There 
it  held  firm  until  October  10. 

6.  After  its  relief  it  waited  near  Ptethel  until  the  14th,  when  it  was  railed  to  Stcnay 
via  Sedan.  On  October  17  it  was  engaged  north  of  St.  Juvin,  Champigneulle,  east  of 
the  Argonne  forest.     It  continued  in  line  until  the  end,  retreating  toward  Mouzon. 

value^ — 1918  estimate. 

The  di\isiou  was  rated  as  tliiid  class.  Its  effectives  were  greatly  reduced  and  its 
morale  low  in  October. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GEEMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PAETIClPATED  IN  WAR.     737 

24:1st  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


■ 

1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Infantry 

240. 

472. 
473. 
474. 

246. 

472. 

473. 
474. 

Cavalry 

(?)5Sqn.  ISHus.Kgt. 

2  Sqn.  ISHus.  Rgt. 

Artillery 

48  F.  A.  Rgt. 

241  Art.  Command: 

48  F.  A.  Rgt. 

102  Ft.  A.  Btn.  (Staff,  1,  2,  and  3 

Btries.). 
1055,  1061,  and  1002  Light  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

(241)Pion.Btn.: 
373PionCo. 
374Pion.Co. 
(441)T.M.Co. 
241  Tel.  Detch. 

241Pion.Btn. 

373Pion.Co. 

374Pion.Co. 

441  T.  M.  Co. 

5  Searchlight  Section. 
241  Signal  Command: 

241  Tel.  Detch. 

27  Wireless  Detch. 

Medical  and  Veterinary 

253  Ambulance  Co. 

206  Field  Hospital. 

207  Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

253  Ambulance  Co. 
20<i  Field  Hospital. 
207  Field  Hospital. 
274  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

H.  T.  Col. 

651  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 
(12th  and  19th  Corps  Districts— Saxony.) 
1917. 

The  241st  Division  was  formed  at  the  beginning  of  1917  and  composed  of  now  regi- 
ments (type  of  divisions  231  and  following). 

The  473d  and  574th  Infantry  Regiments  were  formed  in  the  camp  at  Zeitliain  in 
January,  1917,  by  drafts  from  the  1918  class  and  the  depots  and  regiments  of  the  19th 
Corps  District  (Saxony).     The  472d  Infantry  Regiment  was  originally  in  the  12th 
Corps  District  (Dresden)  formed  in  the  same  way. 
Russia. 

1.  On  March  1,  1917,  the  241st  Di\dsion  went  to  Brest-Litowsk.  In  April  it  took 
over  the  sector  of  Postavy  in  the  vicinity  of  Lake  Narotch,  where  it  remained  until  the 
middle  of  June. 

G  ALICIA. 

2.  Relieved  by  the  21st  Division,  it  entrained  on  June  17  at  Sventsiany,  northwest 
of  Lake  Narotch,  and  went  to  (ialicia,  southwest  of  Brzezany,  detraining  on  June  22. 
At  the  beginning  of  July,  it  went  into  line  in  this  region  and  took  part  in  the  German 
counteroffensive  at  the  end  of  July  advancing  south  of  Skala  at  the  beginning  of 
August.     It  took  up  a  position  on  the  Zbrucz. 

3.  After  this  time  the  241st  Division  occupied  various  sectors  of  the  Galician  front 
(Koroskow,  Husiatin). 

125651°— 20 47 


738      DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

RECRUITING. 

The  24l8t  Di^^sion  was  entirely  Saxon. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

It  was  on  the  Eastern  Front  from  the  time  of  its  formation  until  February,  1918. 
"Our  new  regiment  is  a  gang  of  headstrong  kids."  (Letter  from  a  man  of  the  473d 
Infantry  Regiment,  Apr.  2,  1917.) 

1918. 

1.  The  diN-ision  rested  in  the  vicinity  of  Signy  I'Abbaye  until  March  15.  It  then 
proceeded  by  steps  toward  the  St.  Gobain  forest  fFressancourt,  Mar.  24). 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  It  was  engaged  south  oi  the  Oise  ( Amigny-Septvaux)  from  March  25-26  to  April  5. 
Between  the  6th  and  9th  it  advanced  from  Septvaux  and  Fresnes  toward  Coucy, 
encountering  heavy  losses.  The  division  received  the  thanks  of  the  King  of  Saxony 
for  its  conduct  in  this  fighting. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

.3.  The  di\'ision  held  the  sector  of  Coucy  le  Chateau  until  May  29.  On  the  29th  it 
attacked  and  advanced  as  far  as  Crecy  au  Mont.  Ithalted  on  the  line  Xou\Ton-Vingre 
and  held  there  until  relieved  at  the  end  of  June.  In  the  attack  of  June  5-6  toward 
Vic  sur  Aisne  the  di\T.sion  lost  heavily.  On  the  23d  of  June  it  received  a  draft  of 
1,500  men. 
Second  Battle  of  the  Marne. 

It  rested  near  Coucy  le  Chateau  for  about  a  week,  and  on  July  10  was  engaged  south 
of  the  Aisne  between  Amljleny  and  Pemaut.     Then  it  was  struck  by  the  .\llied  attack 
on  the  18th  and  thrown  liack  on  Mercin.     The  divitiion  lost  42  officers  and  2,074  men 
as  prisoners  alone.     It  was  relieved  at  a  date  between  July  22  and  26. 
Second  Battle  of  Picardy. 

5.  The  division  rested  and  was  reconstituted  at  ^'ouplaix,  Sains  Richaumont  near 
Vervins  until  August  20.  It  was  moved  to  La  Fere  (22d)  and  on  the  25th  engaged 
east  of  Xoyon  (Baboeuf-Appilly)  and  September  4.  After  that  date  it  fell  back 
gradually  by  Chauny,  Fravecy,  on  Vendeuil,  where  it  was  relieved  about  Septem- 
ber 20. 

Cambrai-St.  Que\t:n. 

6.  After  10  days'  rest  the  division  was  reengaged  north  of  St.  Quentin  (Romicourt- 
Montbrehain)  from  October  1  to  10.     It  lost  about  1,900  prisoners  in  this  engagement. 

Meuse-Argoxxe. 

7.  The  division  rested  nearly  a  month  at  Audun  la  Roman  after  October  22.  The 
7th  Saxon  Jaeger  Regiment  from  the  dissolved  197th  Division  had  replaced  the  dis- 
solved 472d  Regiment  when  it  appeared  in  line  on  November  5  east  of  the  Meuse.  The 
last  identification  was  at  Murvaux  on  November  7. 

value — 1918   estimate. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class.  Its  heavy  losses  of  prisoners  indicate  its 
poor  quality. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     739 

242d.  Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

242. 

127. 

475. 
476. 

242. 

127. 

475. 
476. 

Cavalry 

2  Sqn.  Wurtt.  Res.  Drag.  Rgt. 

2  Sun.  Wurtt.  Res.  Drag.  Rgt. 

Artillery... 

Art.  Command: 
281  F.  A.  Regt. 

242  Art.  Command: 

281  F.  A.  Regt. 

3  Abt.  13  Ft.  A.   Rgt.  (9  and  10 

Btries.). 
751  Light  Am.  Col. 
1091  Light  Am.  Col. 
llOSLight  Am.  Col. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons. 

39  Pion.  Btn.: 

375  Pion.  Co. 

376  Pion.  Co. 
442  T.  M.  Co. 
242  Tel.  Detch. 

242  Pion.  Btn.: 

375  Pion.  Co. 

376  Pion.  Co. 
442T.  M.Co. 

242  Signal  Command: 
76  Wireless  Detch. 

iledical  and  Veterinary 

32  Ambulance  Co. 
208  Field  Hospital. 
503  Field  Hospital. 
275  Vet.  Hospital. 

32  Ambulance  Co. 
208  Field  Hospital. 
503  Field  Hospital. 
275  Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

M.  T.  Col. 

652  M.  T.  Col. 

Attached .... 

78  M.  G.  S.  S.  Detch. 

14  Art.  Observation  Section. 
221  Reconnaissance  Flight. 
17  Balloon  Sqn. 
243  Carrier  I'lgcon  Loft. 
Elements  attached,  June  7, 1918.    (Ger- 
man document.) 

HISTORY. 

(13th  Corps  District — Wurttembei^. ") 

1917. 

The  242d  Division  was  formed  at  the  end  of  1916.  Like  all  of  the  divisions  of  the 
same  series,  the  1918  class  entered  largely  into  the  composition  of  the  regiments  (475th 
and  476th).  These  two  were  recruited  from  the  13th  Corps  District  (Wurttemberg). 
Initial  effectiveness,  235  to  240  men  per  company. 

The  127th  Infantry  Regiment  is  an  active  peace-time  regiment  taken  from  the 
27th  Division. 

1.  On  March  11,  1917,  the  475th  and  476th  Infantry  Regiments  left  the  camp  of 
Muensingen,  where  they  had  received  training  since  January,  and  went  to  Lorraine 
They  were  joined  there  by  the  127th  Infantry  Regiment. 

Lorraine. 

2.  From  March  29  to  April  30  the  242d  Di^^Bion  was  in  line  between  Abaucourt  and 
Bezange  wood. 

3.  From  May  4  to  15  it  waa  employed  upon  defensive  works  north  of  the  Suippe. 


740     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAK. 

Champagne-Cornillet. 

4.  During  the  night  of  May  15-16  it  went  into  line  south  of  Nauroy  (Grille-Cornillet 
wood),  where  the  P>ench  attack  of  May  20  caused  it  hea^^  losses  (3  officers  and  194 
men  prisoners).  Several  companies  of  the  476th  Infantry  Regiment  remained  in 
the  Cornillet  tunnel. 

5.  The  242d  Di\'ision  was  relieved  during  the  night  of  May  31-.Tune  1,  and  after 
a  few  days'  rest  northeast  of  Lavannes  went  into  line  in  a  calm  sector  near  Betheny 
from  June  3^  until  August  6. 

6.  The  242d  Division  was  at  rest  in  the  Charle^'ille  area  from  August  7  to  20. 

Meuse. 

7.  On  August  20  it  was  transferred  to  the  right  bank  of  the  Meuse  (,Beaumont  sector). 
It  received  the  French  attack  of  August  26  (7  officers  and  390  men  prisoners,  mostly 
from  the  475th  Infantry  Regiment).  It  counterattacked  to  relieve  Beaumont  and 
remained  in  line  until  September  10. 

AlSNE. 

8.  From  the  beginning  of  October  until  December  16  it  held  the  sector  of  Berry 
au  Ba«,  where  its  only  activity  consisted  in  one  raid  on  November  12. 

RECRUITING. 

The  242d  Di\'ision  was  recruited  entirely  from  Wurttemberg. 

VALUE — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

In  Champagne  the  242d  Division  showed  itself  energetic  and  tenacious  (May,  1917). 

It  was  a  good  division,  with  a  high  morale,  and  the  prisoners  talked  very  little 
(December,  1917). 

The  242d  Di\'ision  was  listed  as  an  assault  di^vision  and  received  the  training  for 
divisions  of  that  category  (February-March,  1918). 

The  475th  and  476th  Infantry  Regiments,  however,  were  considered  only  mediocre. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  marched  to  its  entraining  point  at  Bergnicourt  (west  of  Junville) 
on  March  22-24  and  entrained  for  Guise.     From  there  it  marched  by  night  toward 
the  Montdidier-Noyan  front  via  Ly  Fontaine,  Guiscard,  Margny  aux  Cerises. 
Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  It  was  engaged  near  Conchy  les  Pots,  Orvillers,  Sorel  from  March  29  to  April  8, 
then  near  Boulogne  la  Grasse,  Mortemer,  from  April  10  to  26.  The  di"vdsion'8  losses 
were  heavy. 

Battle  of  the  Aisne. 

3.  After  its  relief  it  was  transported  to  Champagne,  detraining  near  Le  Chatelet 
8ur  Retourne.  There  it  rested  three  weeks.  It  entered  in  line  between  Brimont 
and  Vitry  les  Reims  after  May  20.  It  attacked  on  the  27th  and  advanced  by  Merfy 
(29th),  Tinquex  (3l8t),  as  far  as  the  line  Betheny,  Courcelle8,St.  Brice(June2).  It 
held  that  sector  until  the  1st  of  August,  when  it  retreated  on  La  Neu\'illette  and  held 
the  front  Betheny-Vitry  road.     It  was  relieved  about  September  26. 

4.  The  di\'ision  was  engaged  northeivst  of  Si.  Pierre  a  Arnes  from  October  5  to  11. 
It  then  fell  back  on  Rethel.  On  the  20th  it  was  moved  to  the  area  east  of  Vouziers 
and  put  in  reserve.  On  October  23  it  was  engaged  near  Chestres,  and  later  near 
Ballay,  Quatre-Champs  until  November  4.  Beginning  on  the  4th  it  retired  in  the 
direction  of  Sedan  by  Rancourt  (Nov.  8). 

value — 1918    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  a  fair  diATsion,  although  the  discipline 
was  relaxed  after  September. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     741 


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742     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

HISTORY. 

(243d  Division  (former  8th  Ersatz  Divifiion):  18th  Corps  District — Wurttemberg.) 

1914-15. 

The  243d  Division  is  the  former  8th  Ersatz  Di\'i8ion.  The  latter  was  formed  in 
August,  1914,  with  the  help  of  the  surplus  trained  men  in  the  depots  (Reserve  and 
Landwehr  let  Ban.)  in  the  proportion  of  1  battalion  per  active  brigade.  In  this  way- 
it  comprised  13  brigade  Ersatz  battalions  grouped  into  3  mixed  brigades  (29th,  4lBt, 
and  51st). 

Lorraine. 

1.  Detraining  on  Augu.it  17,  1914,  at  Sarrebruecken,  in  the  rear  of  the  6th  Army, 
elements  of  the  8th  Ersatz  Division  went  into  action  on  the  20th.  It  fought  at  Iloe- 
ville  and  Serres,  north  of  Lune\dlle,  on  the  25th  and  took  part  in  the  attacks  upon 
Nancy  the  first  part  of  September.  Sent  to  the  rear  of  the  front  in  the  \dcinity  of 
Morhange,  it  was  transferred  to  Have  at  the  end  of  September  to  relieve  the  14th 
Corps.  It  stayed  there  for  two  years  between  Limey  on  the  west  and  Le  Pretre  wood 
on  the  east. 

2.  In  August,  1915,  the  brigade  Ersatz  battalions  were  grouped  into  regiments. 
The  8th  Ersatz  Division  was  then  composed  of  the  363d,  364th,  and  365th  Infantry 
Regiments  (Prussian)  and  of  the  Slst  and  52d  Ersatz  Regiments  (Wurttemberg).  It 
continued  to  hold  the  lines  in  Have,  south  of  Thiaucourt. 

1916. 
Le  Pretre  Wood. 

1.  Until  the  beginning  of  October,  1916,  the  8th  Ersatz  Division  occupied  the  sec- 
tor of  the  Pretre  wood,  north  of  Fey  en  Haye.  In  August  it  lost  the  364th  Infantry- 
Regiment,  assigned  to  the  33d  Reserve  Division,  and  on  September  20  the  363d, 
which  entered  into  the  composition  of  the  214th  Division.  It  received  a  new  regi- 
ment, the  400th  Infantry  Regiment,  formed  in  September  by  drafts  upon  its  infantry 
units. 

SOMME. 

2.  Leaving  the  400th  Infantry  Regiment  in  Haye,  and  composed  of  three  regiments 
(365th  Infantry  Regiment,  51st  and  52d  Ersatz  Regiments),  the  8th  Ersatz  Division 
went  to  the  Somme  on  October  3.  After  a  rest  in  the  vicinity  of  Le  Catelet  until 
the  10th  it  went  into  the  sector  east  of  south  of  Bouchavesnes,  where  it  did  not  take 
part  in  any  important  action. 

Lorraine. 

3.  Relieved  on  November  18,  it  returned  to  Lorraine  at  Fey  en  Haye.  It  went 
into  line  southeast  of  Thiaucourt  November  25,  where  the  400th  Infantry  Regiment 
was  again  assigned  to  the  division. 

1917. 

1.  The  8th  Ersatz  Division  remained  on  the  Lorraine  front,  southeast  of  Thiau- 
court, until  about  May  10,  1917.  In  February  the  400th  Infantry  Regiment  was 
sent  to  Russia. 

At  the  beginning  of  May  the  division  underw'ent  several  changes — it  gave  the 
365th  Infantry  Regiment  to  the  5th  Landwehr  Division  and  received  the  122d  Fusileer 
Regiment  (Wurttemberg)  from  the  105th  Division.  The  Slst  and  52d  Ersatz  Regi- 
ments received  the  478th  and  479th.  The  8th  Ersatz  Division,  already  called  Wurt- 
temberg, then  became  the  243d  Division. 

AlSNE. 

2.  The  reserve,  first  (behind  the  Rheims  front),  behind  Brimont  and  Neufchfttel, 
the  243d  Division  then  occupied  the  front  between  Miette  and  the  Aisne  (north  of 
Berry  an  Bac)  from  May  29  to  August  20. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN"  WAR.     743 

Meuse  Hill  344. 

3.  Transferred  to  Verdun,  the  di\-ision  went  into  action  at  Hill  344  on  September  9. 
The  479th  Infantry  Regiment  lost  hea\dly  during  the  attack  of  the  9th.  The  122d  In- 
fantry Regiment  took  part  in  the  attack  of  October  2  and  also  had  losses. 

Meuse  (Left  Bank). 

4.  About  October  6  the  243d  Division  was  relieved  and  sent  to  rest  near  Stenay. 
On  October  17  it  took  up  its  position  on  the  left  bank  of  the  Meuse  (B^thincourt  sec- 
tor), wkere  it  still  remained  in  December. 

RECRUITING. 

The  di\dsion  had  became  purely  Wurttemberg. 

VALUE — 1917   ESTIMATE. 

The  elements  of  the  243d  Di\dsion  appeared  good.  They  were  never  engaged  in 
very  active  sectors,  except  at  Hill  344  in  September,  1917.  At  Verdim  they  showed 
only  mediocre  combat  value. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  was  relieved  in  the  sector  northwest  of  Verdun  at  the  end  of  January 
and  traveled  by  rail  to  the  Stenay  area  north  of  Montfaucon,  where  it  rested  and 
trained  until  March  20.  On  that  day  it  entrained  at  Stenay  and  traveled  \ia  Sedan- 
Charle\ille-Hirson-Ors  to  Bazeul.  On  the  22d  the  division  marched  by  night  via 
Le  Gateau  and  Montbrehain  to  Raisel,  crossed  the  Somme  at  St.  Christ-Briost  and 
came  into  line  reenforcing  the  front  on  the  night  of  March  25-26. 

Battle  of  Picardy. 

2.  It  advanced  in  the  first  line  of  the  attack  through  Guillancourt,  Villers  aux 
Erables,  and  attacked  Moreuil  on  the  30th.  It  suffered  very  heavy  losses,  amoimting 
to  50  per  cent  between  March  26-30  at  Estrees  and  Ignancourt,  and  in  the  attack  on 
Moreuil.  Two  companies  of  the  122d  Fusileer  Regiment  lost  more  than  207  of  their 
fighting  strength.  The  division  was  withdrawn  about  April  4.  On  April  2  the  divi- 
sion received  a  draft  of  350  to  400  men. 

Picardy. 

3.  The  di^ision  was  reengaged  north  and  east  of  Villers  Bretonneux,  relie^ing  the 
228th  Division.  On  the  24th  it  made  an  unsuccessful  attack  on  Villers  Bretonneux. 
On  the  27  th  it  was  withdrawn  to  close  reserve  and  rested  mi  til  May  13. 

Third  Battle  of  the  Somme. 

4.  Between  May  13  and  July  7  the  division  was  in  line  near  Albert.  It  rested  until 
August  10,  when  it  was  engaged  east  of  Morlancourt,  north  of  the  Somme.  It  was 
forced  back  by  Chuignolles,  Proyart,  Fouconcourt,  Fay,  Dompierre  until  its  relief 
on  August  29.  Four  hundred  prisoners  were  lost  in  that  engagement.  It  was  again 
in  line  between  September  2  and  9  east  of  Bouchavesnes. 

5.  The  division  rested  in  upper  Alsace  during  September.  It  returned  to  Coutrai 
on  October  6  and  was  engaged  south  and  east  of  Le  Gateau  (St.  Benin,  Bazeul,  Gatil- 
lon  and  later  east  of  Landrecies),  mid-October  to  1st  of  November.  On  November 
6  it  was  again  engaged  south  of  Auhioye  and  retreated  east  of  Maubeuge,  where  it 
was  last  identified  on  Novenrfjcr  9. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class.  It  was  largely  used  on  acti\e  fronts  and  did 
creditably. 


744     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  AEMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


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DIYISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     745 

HISTORY. 

(Former  ^Metz  Detachment.  68th  Landwehr:  16th  Corps  District — Lorraine  and  the 
Rhine  Province.  94th  T.andwehr:  11th  Corps  District — Electorate  of  Hesse  and 
Thuringia.     153d  Landwelir:  4th  Corps  District — Prussian  Saxony.) 

1915-16. 
Lorraine. 

1.  The  255th  Division  is  the  former  Metz  Detachment,  the  composition  of  which 
■was  remodeled  and  which  was  changed  into  a  division  in  May,  1917. 

2.  The  Metz  Detachment,  composed  of  the  31st  Landwehr  Brigade  (30th  and  68th 
Landwehr  Regiments)  and  of  the  1st,  2d,  and  3d  Ersatz  Landwehr  Regiments,  occu- 
pied the  same  sector  of  Lorraine  between  the  Moselle  and  Abaucourt  (north  of  Pont  k 
Mousson)  from  the  end  of  October,  1914,  to  1917. 

1917. 

1.  About  May,  1917,  tlie  Metz  Detachment  became  the  255th  Di\dsion.  It  then 
comprised  the  31st  Landwehr  Brigade  (30th  and  68th  Landwehr  Regiments)  and  three 
regiments  of  recent  organization,  the  86th,  94th,  and  153d  Landwehr,  formed  by 
grouping  the  battalions  of  the  old  dissolved  Ersatz  regiments. 

2.  With  this  composition,  the  255th  Di\asion  continued  to  hold  the  front  along  the 
Moselle  (right  bank)  until  the  month  of  October. 

3.  In  July  and  August  the  30th  and  86th  Landwehr  Regiments  left  the  255th  Di\-i- 
sion  to  form  the  ne^v  31st  Independent  Landwehr  Brigade.  The  latter  remained  in 
line  on  the  right  bank  of  the  IMoselle.  The  255th  Division,  reduced  to  three  regiments 
(68th,  94th,  and  153d  Landwehr),  went  to  the  left  bank  (Le  Pretre  wood)  about 
October  13. 

VALUK — 1917    ESTIMATE. 

Mediocre. 

1918. 

1.  The  division  continued  to  hold  its  sector  in  the  Bois  le  Pretre  until  the  American 
attack  on  September  12.  At  that  time  the  company  strength  was  180  to  200,  %\dth  an 
effective  rifle  strength  of  100.     The  men  were  mostly  between  37  and  45  years  of  age. 

2.  The  attack  (if  the  12th  of  September  threw  the  division  back  on  Vandieres  and 
Preny,  where  it  was  still  in  line  at  the  time  of  the  armistice. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  di\dsion  was  rated  as  fourth  class. 


740     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR. 

301st   Division. 

COMPOSITION. 


1917 

1918 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

Brigade. 

Regiment. 

48  Landst. 

Cavalry .                 .... 

1  Sqn.  9  Res.  Hus.  Rgt. 

3  Sqn.  9  Res.  Hus.  Rgt. 

4  Sqn.  9  Res.  Hus.  Rgt. 

217  F.  A.  Rgt. 

Engineers  and  Liaisons 

342  Pion.  Co. 

410  T.  M.  Co. 
310  Tel.  Detch. 

Ambulance  Co. 

Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

Transport 

M.  T.  Col. 

Attached 

S4  Brig.: 

1  Rastatt  Landst.  Inf.  Btn.  .'XIV/5). 

70  Res.  Inf.  Rgt. 

252  F.  A.  Rgt. 

342  Pion.  Co. 

410  T.  M.  Co.  Landst.  Inf.  Btns. 

3  Bav.  C.  Dist.  No.  13  (2  Nurnhcrg). 

16  C.  D.  No.  7  (2  Sarrc- Louis). 

14  C.  D.  No.  5  (Rastatt). 

10  Ldw.  Rgt. 
56  Ldw.  Rgt. 
3  Btn.  2  Bav.  Ers.  Rgt.  Landst.  Inf. 

Btns. 
2  Kooln  (8  C.  Dist.  Btn.  No.  14). 
S  C,  D.  No.  7  (Bonn). 
14  C.  D.  No.  1  (Mosbach). 
18  C.  D.  No.  10  (Friedberg). 
1  Bav.  C.  D.  No.  15  (Dillingen). 
1  Bav.  C.  D.  No.  9  (Augsburg). 
7C.  D.  No.  49(Elberfeld). 
(According  to  order  of  battle,  Aug.  12, 
1918.) 

HISTORY. 

(10th  Landwehr  Regiment:  6th  Corps  District — Silesia.     56th  Landwehr  Regiment: 
7th  Corps  District — Westphalia.) 

1917. 

VOSGES. 

1.  The  301st  Di^'ision,  apparently  formed  about  the  middle  of  1917,  was  simply  a 
military  unit  without  permanent  elements. 

2.  To  this  division  were  attached  the  70th  Reserve  (84th  Landwehr  Brigade)  from 
April,  1917,  until  the  beginning  of  June,  1918  (Vosges  front  west  of  Senones  and  in 
the  vicinity  of  Ban  de  Sapt),  the  2d  Bavarian  Ersatz  Regiment  (an  organic  part  of 
the  39th  Bavarian  Reserve  Division)  from  June,  1917,  and  several  Landsturm  Bat- 
talions. 

3.  The  sector  of  the  301st  Division  extends  on  the  Vosges  front  from  La  Plaine  as 
far  as  Provenchferes.     The  headquarters  of  the  diAdsion  was  at  Saulxures. 

VALUE 1917    ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  mostly  made  up  of  elderly  men.  The  Iroops  assigned  to  the  30l8t 
Division  were  supposed  to  occupy  calm  sectors. 


DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAX  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IN  WAR.     747 

The  10th  Landwehr  Regiment  was  made  up  for  the  most  part  (three-quarters)  of 
Silesians  and  Prussians  from  the  Pro\Tiice  of  Posen.  There  were  some  Alsatians  (4 
in  the  6th  Company). 

1918. 

1.  The  division  remained  in  its  sector  in  Army  Detachment  A  without  event 
throughout  1918.  Its  losses  were  negligible.  The  companies  had  an  average  ration 
strength  of  170  men;  an  average  trench  strength  of  105. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  fourth  class.  It  was  one  of  the  lowest  of  that  class  in 
value.     The  morale  was  low  and  desertions  frequent. 


748     DIVISIONS  OF  GERMAN  ARMY  WHICH  PARTICIPATED  IX  WAR. 


302cl   Division. 

COMPOSITIOX. 


1017                                              ■                     191S 

Brigade. 

Regiments. 

Brigade. 

Regiments. 

(?).                              42. 

45. 

10  Jag. 
(After  June,  1917.) 
22.                                  4a. 

21  Res. 

10  Jag. 

22. 

11  Gren. 

9  Jag. 

10  Jag. 

Artillery 

Art.  Command: 

10  F.  A.  Rgt.  (elements). 

Engineers  and  Liasions. 

I'lon.  Btn.: 

19  rion.  Btn.  (elements). 
205  Pion.  Co. 
172  Mountain  T.  M.  Co. 
Tel.  Detch. 

Pion.  Btn.  No.  19  (elements). 
20.5  Pion.  Co. 
172  Mountain  T.  M.  Co. 
302  Tel.  Detch. 

Medical  and  \'eterinary. 

202  Ambulance  Co. 
Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

Ambulance  Co. 
Field  Hospital. 
Vet.  Hospital. 

672  (?)  M.  T.  Col. 

(?)  672  M.  T.  Col. 

HISTORY. 


1917. 


Macedonia. 

1.  The  302d  Division  (former  Hippel  Division)  was  organized  on  the  Macedonian 
front  toward  the  end  of  1916.  At  the  beginning  it  inchided  elements  of  various 
nationalities.  It  appears  to  have  become  entirely  German  during  the  first  part  of 
1917.  At  this  time  its  composition  was  as  follows:  The  staff  of  the  22d  Infantry- 
Brigade  (coming  from  the  11th  Di\-ision);  the  42d  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  3d 
Di^dsion:the  45th  Infantry  Regiment  from  the  101st  Di\dsion  and  the  10th  Jiiger 
Regiment  (the  latter  formed  by  grouping  the  Jiiger  ana  Fusileer  Battalions  of  the 
Guard  and  the  9th  and  12th  Jager  Battalions).  In  January,  1917,  the  45th  Infantry 
Regiment  had  replaced  the  11th  Grenadier  Regiment,  transferred  to  the  101st 
Di\ision  and  which  had  come  to  the  Ilippol  Dixision  in  November. 

2.  The  elements  of  the  302d  Division  occupied  the  Macedonian  front  (Monastir- 
Boucle  de  la  Cerna)  in  1917  and  until  the  end  of  Febniar\',  1918. 

3.  In  June,  1917,  the  42d  Infantry  Regiment,  the  same  as  the  59th  Regiment  of  the 
lOlst  Division,  left  the  Macedonian  front  for  Roumania  (\-icinity  of  Rimnicu-Sarat). 
It  was  definitely  detached  from  the  302d  Division  and  replaced  by  the  21st  Reserve 
Infantry  Regiment  from  the  216th  Di\-ision. 

1918. 

1.  The  divisional  staff  operated  in  Macedtmia  until  it  surrendered  as  a  complete 
unit,  divisional  commander,  staff,  and  troops,  numljeriug  7,000,  about  the  1st  of  October. 

VALUE — 1918   ESTIMATE. 

The  division  was  rated  as  third  class  at  the  time  of  its  retirement  from  the  Western 
Front. 

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